Chapter II: Part THE SECOND: New Zealanders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Coast of Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Typical Ainos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

"In the twinkling of an eye the canoes were empty" . . . . . . . . 188

Interior of a house at Radak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

View of Otaheite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

One of the guard of the King of the Sandwich Islands . . . . . . . 198

"The village consisted of clean, well-built huts" . . . . . . . . . 204

A Morai at Kayakakoua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Native of Ualan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Sedentary Tchouktchis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Warriors of Ombay and Guebeh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Rawak hut on piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

The luxuriant vegetation of the Papuan Islands . . . . . . . . . . 230

Map of Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

A performer of the dances of Montezuma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Ruins of ancient pillars at Tinian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

An Australian farm near the Blue Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Native Australians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Berkeley Sound, in the Falkland Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

The _Mercury_ at anchor in Berkeley Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

The waterfall of Port Praslin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

The wreck of the _Uranie_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Natives of New Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Meeting with the Chief of Ualan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Natives of Pondicherry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Ancient idols near Pondicherry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Near the Bay of Manilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Women of Touron Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Entrance to Sydney Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

"Apsley's Waterfall" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Eucalyptus forest of Jervis Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

New Guinea hut on piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

New Zealanders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Attack from the natives of Tonga Tabou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Lofty mountains clothed with dense and gloomy forests . . . . . . . 309

Natives of Vanikoro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

"I merely had the armoury opened" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Reefs off Vanikoro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Hunting sea-elephants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Map of the Antarctic Regions, showing the routes taken by the
navigators of the 19th Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

"Here congregate flocks of penguins" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Dumont d'Urville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

"Only by getting wet up to their waists" . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Anchorage off Port Famine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

"The rudder had to be protected" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

View of Adelie Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Reduced Map of D'Urville's discoveries in the Antarctic Regions . . 349

"Their straight walls rose far above our masts" . . . . . . . . . . 350

Captain John Ross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

Map of Victoria, discovered by James Ross . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

"Two small sledges were selected" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Esquimaux family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Map of the Arctic Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Rain as a novel phenomenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Discovery of Victoria Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

FIRST PART.

CHAPTER I. THE DAWN OF A CENTURY OF DISCOVERY. PAGE Slackness of discovery during the struggles of the Republic and Empire--Seetzen's voyages in Syria and Palestine--Hauran and the circumnavigation of the Dead Sea--Decapolis--Journey in Arabia-- Burckhardt in Syria--Expeditions in Nubia upon the two branches of the Nile--Pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina--The English in India--Webb at the Source of the Ganges--Narrative of a journey in the Punjab-- Christie and Pottinger in Scinde--The same explorers cross Beluchistan into Persia--Elphinstone in Afghanistan--Persia according to Gardane, A. Dupre, Morier, Macdonald-Kinneir, Price, and Ouseley--Guldenstaedt and Klaproth in the Caucasus--Lewis and Clarke in the Rocky Mountains--Raffles in Sumatra and Java . . . . 3