Chapter IV: Christmas in Liturgy and Popular Devotion

1. Translation, "Creator of the starry height," in "Hymns A. and M."
(Ordinary Edition), No. 45.

2. #J. Dowden, "The Church Year and Kalendar"# (Cambridge, 1910), 76 f.

3. #"Rational ou Manuel des divins Offices de Guillaume Durand, Évèque
de Mende au treizième siècle,"# traduit par #M. C. Barthélemy#
(Paris, 1854), iii. 155 f.

4. See translation of the Great O's in "The English Hymnal," No. 734.

5. Barthélemy, iii. 220 f.

6. #D. Rock, "The Church of Our Fathers"# (London, 1853), vol. iii. pt.
ii. 214.

7. #J. K. Huysmans, "L'Oblat"# (Paris, 1903), 194.

8. Gastoué, 44 f.

9. #E. G. C. F. Atchley, "Ordo Romanus Primus"# (London, 1905), 71.

10. #"The Pilgrimage of S. Silvia of Aquitaine"# (Eng. Trans. by J. H.
Bernard, London, 1891), 50 f.

11. #S. D. Ferriman# in #"The Daily News,"# Dec. 25, 1911.

12. #G. Bonaccorsi, "Il Natale: appunti d'esegesi e di storia"# (Rome,
1903), 73.

13. Gastoué, 41 f.

14. Bonaccorsi, 75.

15. #H. Malleson and M. A. R. Tuker, "Handbook to Christian and
Ecclesiastical Rome"# (London, 1897), pt. ii. 211.

16. #Th. Bentzon, "Christmas In France"# in #"The Century Magazine"# (New
York), Dec., 1901, 170 f.

17. #L. von Hörmann, "Tiroler Volksleben"# (Stuttgart, 1909), 232.

18. #M. J. Quin, "A Visit to Spain"# (2nd Edition, London, 1824), 126 f.

19. #"Madrid in 1835,"# by a #Resident Officer# (London, 1836), i. 395 f.

20. #W. S. Walsh, "Curiosities of Popular Customs"# (London, 1898), 237.

21. #G. Pitrè, "Spettacoli e feste popolari siciliane"# (Palermo, 1880),
444.

22. Tille, "D. W.," 70 f.

23. #F. H. Woods, "Sweden and Norway"# (London, 1882), 209; #L. Lloyd,
"Peasant Life in Sweden"# (London, 1870), 201 f.

24. #J. E. Vaux, "Church Folklore"# (London, 1894), 222 f.

25. #M. Trevelyan, "Folk-Lore and Folk-Stories of Wales"# (London, 1909),
28.

26. Vaux, 262 f.

27. #R. F. Littledale, "Offices from the Service-Books of the Holy
Eastern Church"# (London, 1863), 174 f.

28. #[Sir] A. J. Evans, "Christmas and Ancestor Worship in the Black
Mountain,"# in #"Macmillan's Magazine"# (London), vol. xliii., 1881,
228.

29. Duchesne, 273.

30. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 245.

31. #"The Roman Breviary,"# translated by #John, Marquess of Bute# (New
Edition Edinburgh and London, 1908), 186.

32. See announcement in #"The Roman Mail"# in Jan., 1912. |368|

33. #Mary Hamilton, "Greek Saints and their Festivals"# (London, 1910),
113 f.

34. #H. Holloway, "An Eastern Epiphany Service"# in #"Pax"# (the Magazine
of the Caldey Island Benedictines), Dec., 1910.

35. Hamilton, 119 f.

36. Holloway, as above.

37. #F. H. E. Palmer, "Russian Life in Town and Country"# (London, 1901),
176 f.

38. Thomas of Celano, trans. by Howell, 82 f.

39. #Countess Martinengo-Cesaresco, "Puer Parvulus"# in #"The Outdoor
Life in the Greek and Roman Poets"# (London, 1911), 248.

40. Chambers, "M. S.," ii. 41.

41. Bonaccorsi, 85; Usener, 298.

42. Usener, 290.

43. _Ibid._ 295, 299.

44. Rietschel, 55.

45. _Ibid._ 56 f.

46. _Ibid._ 60.

47. _Ibid._ 69 f.; Tille, "D. W.," 59 f.

48. Music from #Trier "Gesangbuch"# (1911), No. 18, where a very much
weakened text is given. Text from Weinhold, 114. Another form of the
air is given in "The Cowley Carol Book," No. 36.

49. Text and music in Massé, i. 6.

50. Tille, "D. W.," 60.

51. _Ibid._ 61 f.

52. _Ibid._ 63.

53. #Thomas Naogeorgus, "The Popish Kingdome,"# Englyshed by Barnabe
Googe, 1570 (ed. by R. C. Hope, London, 1880), 45.

54. Tille, "D. W.," 68.

55. _Ibid._ 68.

56. Hörmann, "Tiroler Volksleben," 235.

57. _Ibid._ 235.

58. Tille, "D. W.," 64.

59. Rietschel, 75.

60. Martinengo, "Outdoor Life," 249.

61. #Lady Morgan, "Italy"# (New Edition, London, 1821), iii. 72.

62. #Matilde Serao, "La Madonna e i Santi"# (Naples, 1902), 223 f.

63. #L. Caico, "Sicilian Ways and Days"# (London, 1910), 192 f.

64. Information kindly given to the author by Mrs. C. G. Crump.

65. Information derived by the author from a resident in Messina.

66. Serao, _see_ Note 62.

67. #W. H. D. Rouse, "Religious Tableaux in Italian Churches,"# in
#"Folk-Lore"# (London), vol. v., 1894, 6 f.

68. Morgan, iii. 76 f.

69. Bonaccorsi, 45 f.

70. #A. J. C. Hare, "Walks in Rome"# (11th Edition, London, 1883), 157.

71. Martinengo, "Outdoor Life," 253; Bonaccorsi, 110 f.; #R. Ellis
Roberts, "A Roman Pilgrimage"# (London, 1911), 185 f.

72. #H. J. Rose, "Untrodden Spain"# (London, 1875), 276.

73. See Note 18 to Chapter III. |369|

74. #T. F. Thiselton Dyer, "British Popular Customs"# (London, 1876),
464.

75. Vaux, 216.

76. Dyer, 464.

77. Cf. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 120.