Chapter XI: The Christmas-Tree, Decorations, and Gifts

1. #I. A. R. Wylie, "My German Year"# (London, 1910), 68.

2. #Mrs. A. Sidgwick, "Home Life in Germany"# (London, 1908), 176.

3. Tille, "D. W.," 258. For the history and associations of the
Christmas-tree see also #E. M. Kronfeld, "Der Weihnachtsbaum"#
(Oldenburg, 1906).

4. Tille, "D. W.," 259.

5. _Ibid._ 261.

6. _Ibid._ 261 f.

7. #G. Rietschel, "Weihnachten in Kirche, Kunst und Volksleben"#
(Bielefeld and Leipsic, 1902), 153.

8. _Ibid._, 153.

9. Tille, "D. W.," 270.

10. Rietschel, 151.

11. _Ibid._ 151.

12. Tille, "D. W.," 267. |380|

13. Dyer, 442; E. M. Leather, #"The Folk-Lore of Herefordshire"# (London,
1912), 90.

14. Rietschel, 154.

15. Ashton, 189.

16. _Ibid._ 190.

17. Tille, "D. W.," 271.

18. _Ibid._ 272.

19. _Ibid._ 277; Rietschel, 254.

20. Information supplied by the Rev. E. W. Lummis, who a few years ago
was a pastor in the Münsterthal.

21. #L. Macdonald# in #"The Pall Mall Gazette"# (London), Dec. 28, 1911.

22. Tille, "Y. & C.," 174.

23. _Ibid._ 175 f.

24. Rietschel, 141.

25. Tille, "Y. & C.," 175.

26. _Ibid._ 172 f.; Chambers, "B. D.," ii. 759.

27. Latin text in Chambers, "M. S.," ii. 290.

28. Mannhardt, "Baumkultus," 244.

29. Frazer, "Magic Art," ii. 65.

30. Mannhardt, "Baumkultus," 244.

31. _Ibid._ 241; Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 18.

32. Lloyd, 168.

33. Dyer, 35.

34. #W. F. Dawson, "Christmas: its Origin and Associations"# (London,
1902), 325.

35. Harrison, "Themis," 321.

36. Frazer, "Magic Art," ii. 55 f.

37. Frazer, "Magic Art," ii. 48.

38. Mannhardt, "Baumkultus," 242 f.

39. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 251.

40. Latin text, _ibid._ ii. 300.

41. #J. Stow, "A Survay of London,"# edited by Henry Morley (London,
1893), 123.

42. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 251.

43. Grimm, iii. 1206; Frazer, "Golden Bough," iii. 327; MacCulloch,
"Religion of the Ancient Celts," 162, 205.

44. MacCulloch, "Religion of the Ancient Celts," 162 f.

45. Grimm, iii. 1206.

46. Burne and Jackson, 246; #Laisnel de la Salle, "Croyances et légendes
du centre de la France"# (Paris, 1875), i. 58.

47. Frazer, "Golden Bough," iii. 451 f.

48. #Washington Irving, "The Sketch-Book"# (Revised Edition, New York,
1860), 245.

49. _Notes and Queries_, 5th Series, vol. viii. 481.

50. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 472.

51. Henderson, "Folk Lore of the Northern Counties," 100.

52. Burne and Jackson, 245.

53. Henderson, "Folk Lore of the Northern Counties," 226.

54. #E. K. Chambers and F. Sidgwick, "Early English Lyrics"# (London,
1907), 293; #E. Rickert, "Ancient English Carols"# (London, 1910),
262. |381|

55. Rickert, 262.

56. Burne and Jackson, 245 f., 397, 411.

57. Lloyd, 169.

58. Van Norman, 300.

59. Evans, 222.

60. Van Norman, 300 f.

61. Frazer, "Golden Bough," ii. 286 f.

62. Grimm, iv. 1831.

63. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 238. Cf. Tille, "Y. & C.," 104.

64. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 420.

65. Tille, "D. W.," 195.

66. _Ibid._ 197.

67. Bilfinger, 48.

68. #Th. Bentzon, "Christmas in France"# in #"The Century Magazine"# (New
York), Dec., 1901, 173.

69. Feilberg, ii. 179 f.

70. Pitrè, 167, 404.

71. Feilberg, i. 196; Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 453 f.; Wylie, 77 f.

72. Lloyd, 172.

73. #W. Sandys, "Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern"# (London, 1833),
xcv.

74. Walsh, 240 f.; Ashton, 194 f.