Chapter I: Front Matter (1)

Transcriber's Note: A number of typographical errors and inconsistencies found in the original book have been maintained in this version. A complete list is found at the end of the text.

CONTEMPORARY
AMERICAN LITERATURE

BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND STUDY OUTLINES

BY

JOHN MATTHEWS MANLY
AND
EDITH RICKERT

NEW YORK
HARCOURT, BRACE AND COMPANY

COPYRIGHT, 1922, BY HARCOURT, BRACE AND COMPANY, INC.

Printed in the U.S.A.

CONTENTS

PAGE

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK v

INDEXES AND CRITICAL PERIODICALS ix

GENERAL WORKS OF REFERENCE xi

ANTHOLOGIES xv

COLLECTIONS OF PLAYS xvi

COLLECTIONS OF SHORT STORIES xviii

COLLECTIONS OF ESSAYS xviii

BIBLIOGRAPHIES xix

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF AUTHORS, WITH BIOGRAPHICAL MATTER,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, AND STUDIES AND REVIEWS 1

INDEXES OF AUTHORS ACCORDING TO FORM 167

INDEX OF AUTHORS ACCORDING TO BIRTHPLACE 177

INDEX OF AUTHORS ACCORDING TO SUBJECT-MATTER AND LOCAL
COLOR 181

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

This book is intended as a companion volume to _Contemporary British Literature_; but the differences between conditions in America and in England have made it necessary to alter somewhat the original plan.

In America today we have a few excellent writers who challenge comparison with the best of present-day England. We have many more who have been widely successful in the business of making novels, poems, plays, which cannot rank as literature at all. In choosing from such a large number a list for study, it is our hope that we have not omitted the name of any author who counts as a force in our developing literature; but, on the other hand, it is undoubtedly true that we have excluded many writers whose work compares favorably with that of some on the list. Our choice has been governed by two principles: (1) To include experimental work--work dealing with fresh materials or attempting new methods--rather than better work on familiar patterns; and (2) to represent varying tendencies in the literary effort of our country today rather than work that ranks high in popular taste. The task of doing justice to every writer is impossible; but we have been primarily concerned not with writers but with readers--those who wish guidance to the best that there is in our literature and to the signs that point to the future.

The word _contemporary_ we have interpreted arbitrarily to mean since the beginning of the War, excluding writers who died before August, 1914, and living authors who have produced no work since then. Space limitations made it impossible to go back to the beginning of the century, and no other date since then is so significant as 1914.

The biographical material is limited to information of interest for the interpretation of work. The bibliographies are selective except in the case of the more important authors, for whom they are, for the student's purpose, complete. The following items have usually been omitted: (1) books privately printed; (2) separate editions of works included in larger volumes; (3) unimportant or inaccessible works; (4) works not of a literary character; (5) English reprints; (6) editions other than the first. Exceptions to this plan explain themselves.

The stars (*) are merely guides to the reader in long bibliographies and bibliographies containing works of very unequal merit.

The Suggestions for Reading given in the case of the more important authors are intended for students who need and desire guidance. It is our hope that these hints and questions may lead to discussion and differences of opinion, for dissent is the guidepost to truth. As far as possible, we have avoided statement of our own opinions.

The Studies and Reviews are the meagre result of long search in periodical literature. The fact that the photograph and the personal note bulk far more largely than criticism in America needs no comment here.

Supplementary to the alphabetical list of authors with material for study, which constitutes the body of the book, are the classified indexes. These are intended for use in planning courses of study. The classification according to form suggests the limitation of work to poets, dramatists, novelists, short-story writers, essayists, critics, writers on country life, travel, and Nature, humorists, "columnists," and writers of biography and autobiography. In this connection should be noted the supplementary list of poets whose names have not been included in our list but whose work can be studied in one or more of the anthologies indicated.

The classification according to birthplace (in some cases information could not be obtained) furnishes material for the study of local groups of writers.

The classification according to subject matter (including the use of local color and background), although it is necessarily incomplete, will, it is hoped, suggest courses of reading on these bases.

Preceding the alphabetical list of authors are bibliographies of different types, which should be of use in the finding of material: lists of indexes and critical periodicals; of general works of reference discussing the period; of collections of poems, plays, short-stories, and essays; and of bibliographies of short plays and short stories.

* * * * *

Our thanks for criticisms and suggestions are due to Professors Robert Herrick, Robert Morss Lovett, and Percy Holmes Boynton.

To Mr. G. Teyen, of the Chicago Public Library, we are indebted for continual help in procuring books, verifying references, and, in general, for putting the resources of the library at our disposal.

INDEXES AND CRITICAL PERIODICALS

_Indexes_

American Library Association Index, (to 1900) A.L.A.I.
Supplement, 1901-1910 A.L.A. Supp.

Annual Literary Index (1892-1904) A.L.I.
Continued as Annual Library Index, 1905-1910 A.L.I.

Dramatic Index, 1909- D.I.
Published with Annual Magazine Subject Index.

Magazine Subject Index: Boston, 1908 M.S.I.
Continued by Annual Magazine Subject Index, 1909- A.S.I.

Poole's Index to Periodical Literature, 1802-1881 Poole
Supplements, 1882-1906; 1907-1908 Poole Supp.

Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature, 1900- R.G.
Supplement, 1907-1915, 1916-1919 R.G. Supp.
Continued as International Index to Periodicals, 1921- I.I.P.

_Periodicals_

(The initials following the abbreviated titles of the periodicals refer to the indexes in which they are listed.)

The _Book Review Digest_, 1905- ----, contains summaries of important reviews in periodicals and newspapers.

Academy: London (ceased 1916)--Acad.

American Catholic Quarterly Review: Philadelphia--Amer. Cath. Quar.

Athenæum: London--Ath.--A.L.I. Combined with Nation (London), Feb. 19,
1921.

Atlantic Monthly: Boston--Atlan.--R.G.; A.S.I.

Bellman: Minneapolis, Minn. (ceased 1919).

Booklist (A.L.A.): Chicago.

Bookman: New York--Bookm.--R.G.

Bookman: London--Bookm. (Lond.)--D.I.; A.S.I.

Book News: Philadelphia (ceased 1918).

Boston Transcript: Boston--Bost. Trans.

Catholic World: New York--Cath. World.

Century: New York--Cent.--R.G.

Chapbook (a Monthly Miscellany): London.

Columbia University Quarterly: New York--Columbia Univ. Quar.

Contemporary Review: London and New York--Contemp.--R.G.; A.S.I.

Craftsman: New York. Includes some literary studies.

Critic: New York (ceased 1906)--R.G.

Current Literature: New York (name changed to Current Opinion,
1913)--Cur. Lit.--R.G.

Current Opinion: New York--Cur. Op.--R.G.

Dial: New York--Dial--R.G.

Double-Dealer: New Orleans (1921- ----).

Drama: Washington--Drama--R.G.S.

Dublin Review: London--Dub. R.--D.I.; A.S.I.; R.G.S.

Edinburgh Review: Edinburgh--Edin. R.

Egoist: London (1914-19). Includes art, music, literature, emphasizing
especially new movements.

English Review: London (1908- ----)--Eng. Rev.--R.G.S.; D.I.; A.S.I.

Fortnightly Review: London and New York--Fortn.--R.G.; A.S.I.

Forum: New York--R.G.; A.S.I.

Freeman: New York (ceased 1924).

Harper's Magazine: New York--Harp.

Independent: New York--Ind.--R.G.

Literary Digest: New York--Lit. Digest--R.G.

Literary Review of the New York Evening Post: New York (1921- ----).--Lit.
Rev.

Little Review: Chicago.

Littell's Living Age: Boston--Liv. Age--R.G. Reprints from the best
periodicals.

London Mercury: London (1919- ----)--Lond. Merc. Critical review,
established in 1919, edited by J.C. Squire.

London Times Literary Supplement: London--Lond. Times--A.S.I.

Manchester Guardian: Manchester, England--The best English provincial
paper for reviews.

Nation: London--Nation (Lond.)--A.S.I. See Athenæum.

Nation: New York--Nation--R.G.

New Republic: New York (1914- )--New Repub.--R.G.

New Statesman: London (1913- )--New Statesman--R.G.S.; A.S.I.

New York Eve. Post. See Literary Review.

New York Times Review of Books: New York--N.Y. Times.

Nineteenth Century and After: London and New York--19th Cent.--R.G.;
A.S.I.

North American Review: New York--No. Am.--R.G.; A.S.I.

Outlook: New York.

Poet Lore: Boston--Poet Lore--R.G.S.

Poetry: Chicago--Poetry--R.G.

Quarterly Review: London and New York--Quar.--R.G.; A.S.I.

The Review: New York--a weekly journal of political and general
discussion: Began 1919; changed its name, June, 1920, to Weekly
Review; consolidated with Independent, October, 1921.

Review of Reviews: New York--R. of Rs.--R.G.

Saturday Review: London--Sat. Rev.--A.S.I.

Sewanee Review: Sewanee, Tennessee.

Spectator: London--Spec.--R.G.S.; A.S.I.

Springfield Republican, Springfield, Mass.--Springfield Repub.

Touchstone: New York.

Unpopular Review--New York. 1915-19. Continued as Unpartizan Review to
1921.

Westminster Review--London--Westm. R. (ceased 1914).

World Today: New York (ceased 1912).

Yale Review: New Haven, Conn.--R.G.S.

Popular magazines, referred to on occasion, are not listed above.

GENERAL WORKS OF REFERENCE

(Referred to in the book by the first word usually)

1. HISTORIES AND GENERAL DISCUSSION

Boynton, Percy Holmes. A History of American Literature. 1919.
(Bibliographies.)

Cambridge History of American Literature. 1917-21. By W.P. Trent, John
Erskine, Stuart P. Sherman, and Carl Van Doren. (Vols. III, IV.)
(Bibliographies.)

Macy, J.A. The Spirit of American Literature. 1913.

Pattee, Fred Lewis. A History of American Literature since 1870. 1915.
(Bibliographies.)

Perry, Bliss. The American Spirit in Literature. 1918.

Stearns, Harold E. America and the Young Intellectual. 1921.

---- ---- Civilization in the United States. 1922. (Special chapters.)

2. CRITICISM OF SPECIAL AUTHORS OR PHASES

Canby, H.S., Benét, W.R., and Loveman, Amy, Saturday Papers. 1921.

Hackett, Francis. Horizons: a Book of Criticism. 1918.

---- ---- Editor. On American Books. 1920. (Symposium by Joel D.
Spingarn, Padraic Colum, H.L. Mencken, Morris R. Cohen, and Francis
Hackett.)

Littell, Philip, Books and Things. 1919.

Mencken, H.L. Prefaces. 1917.

---- ---- Prejudices, First and Second Series. 1919-20.

Underwood, John Curtis, Literature and Insurgency. 1914.

3. DRAMA

Andrews, Charlton. The Drama Today. 1913.

Baker, George Pierce. Dramatic Technique. 1912.

Beegle, Mary Porter, and Crawford, Jack R. Community Drama and Pageantry.
1916.

Burleigh, Louise. The Community Theatre in Theory and in Practice. 1917.
(Bibliography.)

Chandler, F.W. Aspects of Modern Drama. 1914.

Cheney, Sheldon. The Art Theatre. 1917.

---- ---- The New Movement in the Theatre. 1914.

---- ---- The Out-Of-Door Theatre. 1918.

Clark, Barrett H. The British and American Drama of Today. 1915, 1921.

Dickinson, Thomas H. The Case of American Drama. 1915.

---- ---- The Insurgent Theatre. 1917.

Eaton, Walter Prichard. At the New Theatre and Others. 1910.

---- ---- Plays and Players: Leaves from a Critic's Notebook. 1916.

Goldman, Emma. The Social Significance of the Modern Drama. 1914.

Grau, Robert. The Theatre of Science. 1914.

Hamilton, Clayton. Studies in Stagecraft. 1914.

Henderson, Archibald. The Changing Drama. 1914.

Lewis, B. Roland. The Technique of the One-Act Play. 1918.

Lewisohn, Ludwig. The Modern Drama. 1915.

Mackay, Constance D'Arcy. The Little Theatre in the United States. 1917.

Mackaye, Percy. The Civic Theatre. 1912.

---- ---- Community Drama. 1917.

---- ---- The Playhouse and the Play. 1909.

Macgowan, K. The Theatre of Tomorrow. 1921.

Matthews, Brander. A Book about the Theatre. 1916.

Moderwell, Hiram Kelly. The Theatre of Today. 1914.

Moses, Montrose J. The American Dramatist. 1917.

Nathan, George Jean. Another Book on the Theatre. 1915.

Phelps, William Lyon. The Twentieth Century Theatre. 1918.

4. NOVEL

Cooper, Frederic Taber. Some American Story-Tellers. 1911.

Gordon, G. The Men Who Make our Novels. 1919.

Overton, Grant. The Women Who Make our Novels. 1918.

Phelps, William Lyon. The Advance of the English Novel. 1916.

Van Doren, Carl. The American Novel. 1921.

Wilkinson, H. Social Thought in American Fiction (1910-17). 1919.

5. POETRY

Aiken, Conrad, Scepticisms. Notes on Contemporary Poetry. 1919.

Caswell, E.S. Canadian Singers and Their Songs. 1920.

Cook, H.W. Our Poets of Today. 1918.

Lowell, Amy. Tendencies in Modern American Poetry. 1917.

Lowes, John Livingston. Convention and Revolt in Poetry. 1919.

Peckham, E.H. Present-Day American Poetry. 1917.

Phelps, William Lyon. The Advance of English Poetry in the Twentieth
Century. 1918.

Rittenhouse, Jessie B. The Younger American Poets. 1904.

Untermeyer, Louis. The New Era in American Poetry. 1919.

Wilkinson, Marguerite. New Voices. 1919.

6. BIOGRAPHICAL AND PERSONAL

Halsey, F.W. American Authors and Their Homes. Personal Descriptions and
Interviews (Illustrated). 1901.

---- ---- Women Authors of our Day in their Homes (Illustrated.) 1903.

Harkins, E.F. Famous Authors. (Men.) 1901.

---- ---- Famous Authors. (Women.) 1901.

ANTHOLOGIES

Andrews, C.E. From the Front; Trench Poetry. Appleton, 1918.

Anthology of American Humor in Verse. Duffield, 1917.

American and British from the Yale Review. (Foreword by J.G. Fletcher.)
1920-21.

Armstrong, H.F. Book of New York Verse. Putnam, 1917.

Blanden, C.G., and Mathison, M. Chicago Anthology. Roadside Press, 1916.

Braithwaite, W.S. Anthology of Magazine Verse and Yearbook of

American Poetry. Small, Maynard, 1914- ----.

---- ---- Golden Treasury of Magazine Verse. Small, Maynard, 1918.

Clarke, G.H. Treasury of War Poetry. Houghton Mifflin: First Series,
1917; Second Series, 1919.

Cook, H.W. Our Poets of Today. Moffat, Yard, 1918.

Cronyn, George W. The Path on the Rainbow (North American Indian Songs
and Chants.) Boni & Liveright, 1918.

Des Imagistes: 1914. Poetry Bookshop, London, 1914.

Edgar, W.C. The Bellman Book of Verse, 1906-19. Bellman Co., 1919.

Erskine, John. Contemporary Verse Anthology. (War poetry.) Dutton, 1920.

Kreymborg, Alfred. Others. Knopf, 1916, 1917, 1919.

Le Gallienne, Richard. Modern Book of American Verse. Boni & Liveright,
1919.

Miscellany of American Poetry, A. Harcourt, Brace, 1920.

Monroe, Harriet, and Henderson, Alice Corbin. The New Poetry. Macmillan,
1917; revised edition, 1920.

O'Brien, Edward J. A Masque of Poets. Dodd, Mead, 1918.

Richards, G.M. High Tide; Songs of Joy and Vision. Houghton Mifflin,
1918.

---- ---- The Melody of Earth. (Nature and Garden Poems from Present-day
Poets.) Houghton Mifflin, 1920.

---- ---- Star Points; Songs of Joy, Faith, and Promise. Houghton
Mifflin, 1921.

Rittenhouse, Jessie B. The Little Book of Modern Verse. Houghton Mifflin,
1913-19.

---- ---- The Second Book of Modern Verse. Houghton Mifflin, 1919.

Some Imagist Poets: 1915, 1916, 1917. Constable.

Stork, Charles Wharton, Contemporary Verse Anthology. Favorite Poems
Selected from the Magazine of Contemporary Verse. 1916-20. Dutton,
1920.

Untermeyer, Louis. Modern American Poetry. Harcourt, Brace, 1920;
enlarged, 1921.

COLLECTIONS OF PLAYS

Baker, George Pierce. Harvard Plays. Brentano.
I. 47 Workshop Plays. First Series. 1918. (Rachel L. Field, Hubert
Osborne, Eugene Pillot, William L. Prosser.)

II. Plays of the Harvard Dramatic Club. First Series. 1918. (Winifred
Hawkridge, H. Brock, Rita C. Smith, K. Andrews.)

III. Plays of the Harvard Dramatic Club. Second Series. 1919. (Louise
W. Bray, E.W. Bates, F. Bishop, C. Kinkead.)

IV. 47 Workshop Plays. Second Series, 1920. (Kenneth Raesback, Norman
C. Lindau, Eleanor Holmes Hinkley, Doris F. Halnan.)

Baker, George Pierce. Modern American Plays. Harcourt, Brace, 1920.
(Belasco, Sheldon, Thomas).

Cohen, Helen Louise. One-Act Plays by Modern Authors. Harcourt, Brace,
1921. (Mackaye, Marks, Peabody, R.E. Rogers, Tarkington, Stark
Young.)

---- ---- Longer Plays by Modern Authors. Harcourt, Brace, 1922. (Thomas,
Tarkington.)

Cook, G.C. and Shay, F. Provincetown Plays. Stewart Kidd.

---- ---- First Series (Louise Bryant, Dell, O'Neill), 1916.

---- ---- Second Series (Neith Boyce and Hutchins Hapgood, G.C. Cook and
Susan Glaspell, John Reed), 1916.

---- ---- Third Series (Neith Boyce, Kreymborg, O'Neill), 1917. (Boyce
and Hapgood, Cook and Glaspell, Dell, P. King, Millay, O'Neill,
Oppenheim, Alice Rostetter, W.D. Steele, Wellman), 1921.

Dickinson, Thomas H. Chief Contemporary Dramatists. Houghton Mifflin,
1915. (Mackaye, Thomas.)

---- ---- Second Series (G.C. Hazelton and Benrimo, Peabody, Walter).

Dickinson, Thomas H. Wisconsin Plays. Huebsch.

---- ---- First Series (Thomas H. Dickinson, Gale, William Ellery
Leonard), 1914.

---- ---- Second Series (M. Ilsley, H.M. Jones, Laura Sherry), 1918.

47 Workshop, Plays of the. _See_ Baker.

Harvard Dramatic Club, Plays of the. _See_ Baker.

Knickerbocker, Edwin Van B. Plays for Classroom Interpretation. Holt,
1921.

Lewis, B. Roland. Contemporary One-Act Plays. 1922. (Bibliographies.)
(Middleton, Althea Thurston, Mackaye, Eugene Pillot, Bosworth
Crocker, Kreymborg, Paul Greene, Arthur Hopkins, Jeannette Marks,
Oscar M. Wolff, David Pinski, Beulah Bornstead.)

Mayorga, Margaret Gardner. Representative One-Act Plays by American
Authors. Little, Brown, 1919. (Full bibliographies). (Mary Aldis,
Cook and Glaspell, Sada Cowan, Bosworth Crocker, Elva De Pue, Beulah
Marie Dix, Hortense Flexner, Esther E. Galbraith, Alice Gerstenberg,
Doris F. Halnan, Ben Hecht and Kenneth Sawyer Goodman, Phoebe
Hoffman, Kreymborg, Mackaye, Marks, Middleton, O'Neill, Eugene
Pillot, Frances Pemberton Spenser, Thomas Wood Stevens and Kenneth
Sawyer Goodman, Walker, Wellman, Wilde, Oscar M. Wolff.)

More Portmanteau Plays. Stewart Kidd, 1919. (Stuart Walker.)

Morningside Plays. Shay, 1917. (Elva de Pue, Caroline Briggs, Elmer L.
Reizenstein, Zella Macdonald).

Moses, Montrose J. Representative Plays by American Dramatists. Dutton,
1918-21. Vol. III. (Belasco, Thomas, Walter.)

Pierce, John Alexander. The Masterpieces of Modern Drama. English and
American. (Summarized and quoted.) 1915. (Thomas [2], Walter,
Mackaye, Belasco.)

Portmanteau Plays. Stewart Kidd, 1918. (Stuart Walker.)

Provincetown Plays. _See_ Cook.

Quinn, A.H. Representative American Plays. Century, 1917. (Crothers,
Mackaye, Sheldon, Thomas).

Shay, Frank, and Loving, P. Fifty Contemporary One-Act Plays, 1920.

Small Stages, Plays for. Duffield, 1915. (Mary Aldis.)

Smith, Alice Mary. Short Plays by Representative Authors. Macmillan,
1920. (Constance D'Arcy Mackay, Mary Macmillan, Marks, Torrence,
Walker.)

Stage, Guild Plays and Masques. (Kenneth Sawyer Goodman, Thomas Wood
Stevens.)

Washington Square Plays. Drama League Series. Doubleday, Page, 1916.
(Lewis Beach, Alice Gerstenberg, Edward Goodman, Moeller.)

Wisconsin Plays. _See_ Dickinson.

COLLECTIONS OF SHORT STORIES

Heydrick, B.A. Americans All. Harcourt, Brace, 1920.

Howells, W.D. Great Modern American Stories. Boni & Liveright, 1920.
(Does not include much recent work.)

Laselle, Mary Augusta. Short Stories of the New America. Holt, 1919.

Law, F.H. Modern Short Stories. Century, 1918.

O'Brien, Edward J.H. Best short stories for 1915, 1916, etc. Published
annually. Small, Maynard.

Thomas, Charles Swain. Atlantic Narratives. Atlantic, 1918.

Wick, Jean. The Stories Editors Buy and Why. Small, Maynard, 1921.

Williams, Blanche Colton. Our Short Story Writers. Moffat, Yard, 1920.

COLLECTIONS OF ESSAYS

Kilmer, Joyce. Literature in the Making. Harper, 1917.

Morley, Christopher, Modern Essays. Harcourt, Brace, 1921.

Tanner, W.M. Essays and Essay-Writing. Atlantic, 1917.

Thomas, Charles Swain. Atlantic Classics, First and Second Series.
Atlantic, 1918.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

OF SHORT PLAYS

Boston Public Library. One-Act Plays in English. 1900-20.

Brown University Library. Plays of Today. 1921. (100 of the best modern
dramas.)

Chicago Public Library. Actable One-Act Plays. 1916.

University of Utah. The One-Act Play in Colleges and High Schools. 1920.

Worcester, Massachusetts, Free Public Library. Selected List of One-Act
Plays. 1921.

Boynton, Percy H. History of American Literature. 1919.

Cheney, Sheldon. The Art Theatre. 1917. (Appendix.)

Clapp, John Mantel. Plays for Amateurs. 1915. (Drama League of America.)

Clark, Barrett H. How to Produce Amateur Plays. 1917.

Dickinson, Thomas H. The Insurgent Theatre. 1917. (Appendix.)

Drummond, A.M. Fifty One-Act Plays. 1915. (Quarterly Journal of Public
Speaking, I, 234.)

---- ---- One-Act Plays for Schools and Colleges. 1918. (Education, IV,
372.)

Johnson, Gertrude Elizabeth. Choosing a Play. Century, 1920.

Lewis, B. Roland. Contemporary One-Act Plays. 1922.

Mackay, Constance D'Arcy, The Little Theatre in the United States. 1917.
Appendix.

Mayorga, Margaret Gardner, Representative One-Act Plays by American
Authors. 1919.

Plays for Amateurs; a Selected List Prepared by the Little Theatre
Department of the New York Drama League. Wilson, 1921.

Riley, Alice C.D. The One-Act Play Study Course. 1918. (Drama League
Monthly, Feb.-Apr.)

Shay, Frank, Plays and Books of the Little Theatre, 1921.

Shay, Frank, and Loving, P. Fifty Contemporary One-act Plays, 1920.

Stratton, Clarence, Producing in Little Theatres, 1921. (Appendix lists
200 plays for amateurs.)

OF SHORT STORIES

Hannigan, F.J. Standard Index to Short Stories, 1900-1914. 1918.

O'Brien, E.J.H. Best Short Stories for 1915, 1916, etc. (Published
annually.)

CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN LITERATURE

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF AUTHORS

+Franklin Pierce Adams+--(Illinois, 1881)--humorous poet, "columnist."

Editor of "The Conning Tower" in the _New York World_.

For bibliography, cf. _Who's Who in America_.

+Henry (Brooks) Adams+--man of letters.

Born in Boston, 1838. Great-grandson of John Adams and grandson of John Quincy Adams, presidents of the United States. Brother of Charles Francis and Brooks Adams. A.B., Harvard, 1858, LL.D., Western Reserve, 1892.

Secretary to his father, Charles Francis Adams, American Minister to England, 1861-8. Assistant professor at Harvard, 1870-7, and editor of _North American Review_, 1870-6.

Lived in Washington from 1877 until his death in 1918, but traveled extensively and knew many famous people.

In memory of his wife, he commissioned Saint Gaudens to make for her tomb in Rock Creek Cemetery, Washington, the statue sometimes called _Silence_, which is one of the sculptor's most beautiful works.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. _The Education of Henry Adams_ is autobiographic.

The persistent irony of the presentation should be corrected by reading Brooks Adams's account of his brother.

2. _Mont Saint Michel and Chartres_ is an attempt to interpret the spirit of mediæval architecture, both secular and ecclesiastical. To appreciate it fully, familiarity with the subject is necessary.

The novels are worth study as satires.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Democracy. 1880. (Novel.)
Esther. 1884. (Novel; under pseudonym, "Frances Snow Compton.")
Historical Essays. 1891.
Mont Saint Michel and Chartres. 1904.
The Education of Henry Adams. 1918.
The Degradation of the Democratic Dogma. 1919.
Letters to a Niece and Prayer to the Virgin of Chartres. 1920.
Also in: A Cycle of Adams Letters, 1861-1865. Edited by Worthington
Chauncey Ford. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Cambridge.

Ath. 1919, 1: 361; 1919, 2: 633; 1920, 1: 243, 665.
Atlan. 125 ('20): 623; 127 ('21): 140.
Bookm. (Lond.) 57 ('19): 30.
Cur. Op. 66 ('19): 108.
Dial, 65 ('18): 468.
Dublin Rev. 164 ('19): 218.
Harv. Grad. M. 26 ('18): 540.
Lond. Times, May 30, 1919: 290.
Nation, 106 ('18): 674.
New Repub. 15 ('18): 106.
New Statesman, 16 ('21): 711.
19th Cent. 85 ('19): 981.
Pol. Sci. Q. 34 ('19): 305.
Scrib. M. 69 ('21): 576 (portrait).
Spec. 122 ('19): 231.
World's Work, 4 ('02): 2324.
Yale Rev. n.s. 8 ('19): 580; n.s. 9 ('20): 271, 890.

+George Ade+--humorist, dramatist.

Born at Kentland, Indiana, 1866. B.S., Purdue University, 1887. Newspaper work at Lafayette, Indiana, 1887-90. On the _Chicago Record_, 1890-1900.

Although some of his earlier plays were successful and promised a career as dramatist, his reputation now rests chiefly upon his humorous modern fables.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Fables in Slang. 1900.
More Fables. 1900.
Forty Modern Fables. 1901.
The County Chairman. 1903. (Play.)
The College Widow. 1904. (Play.)
Ade's Fables. 1914.
Hand-Made Fables. 1920.

For complete bibliography, see _Cambridge_, III (IV), 640, 763.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Moses.

Am. M. 73 ('11): 71 (portrait), 73.
Bookm. 51 ('20): 568; 54 ('21): 116.
Harp. W. 47 ('03): 411 (portrait), 426.
No. Am. 176 ('03): 739. (Howells.)
Rev. 2 ('20): 461.

+Conrad Potter Aiken+--poet, critic.

Born at Savannah, Georgia, 1889. A.B., Harvard, 1912. Has lived abroad, in London, Rome, and Windermere.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. A good introduction to Mr. Aiken's verse is his own explanation of his theory in _Poetry_, 14 ('19); 152ff. To readers to whom this is not accessible, the following extracts may furnish some clue as to his aim and method:

What I had from the outset been somewhat doubtfully hankering for
was some way of getting contrapuntal effects in poetry--the effects
of contrasting and conflicting tones and themes, a kind of
underlying simultaneity in dissimilarity. It seemed to me that by
using a large medium, dividing it into several main parts, and
subdividing these parts into short movements in various veins and
forms, this was rendered possible. I do not wish to press the
musical analogies too closely. I am aware that the word symphony, as
a musical term, has a very definite meaning, and I am aware that it
is only with considerable license that I use the term for such poems
as _Senlin_ or _Forslin_, which have three and five parts
respectively, and do not in any orthodox way develop their themes.
But the effect obtained is, very roughly speaking, that of the
symphony, or symphonic poem. Granted that one has chosen a theme--or
been chosen by a theme!--which will permit rapid changes of tone,
which will not insist on a tone too static, it will be seen that
there is no limit to the variety of effects obtainable: for not only
can one use all the simpler poetic tones...; but, since one is using
them as parts of a larger design, one can also obtain novel effects
by placing them in juxtaposition as consecutive movements....

All this, I must emphasize, is no less a matter of emotional tone
than of form; the two things cannot well be separated. For such
symphonic effects one employs what one might term emotion-mass with
just as deliberate a regard for its position in the total design as
one would employ a variation of form. One should regard this or that
emotional theme as a musical unit having such-and-such a tone
quality, and use it only when that particular tone-quality is
wanted. Here I flatly give myself away as being in reality in quest
of a sort of absolute poetry, a poetry in which the intention is not
so much to arouse an emotion merely, or to persuade of a reality, as
to employ such emotion or sense of reality (tangentially struck)
with the same cool detachment with which a composer employs notes or
chords. Not content to present emotions or things or sensations for
their own sakes--as is the case with most poetry--this method takes
only the most delicately evocative aspects of them, makes of them a
keyboard, and plays upon them a music of which the chief
characteristic is its elusiveness, its fleetingness, and its
richness in the shimmering overtones of hint and suggestion. Such a
poetry, in other words, will not so much present an idea as use its
resonance.

2. An interesting comparison may be made between the work of Mr. Aiken, and that of Mr. T.S. Eliot (q.v.), of whom he is an admirer. See also Sidney Lanier's latest poems.

3. Another interesting study is the influence of Freud upon the poetry of Mr. Aiken.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Earth Triumphant and Other Tales. 1914.
Turns and Movies. 1916.
The Jig of Forslin. 1916.
Nocturne of Remembered Spring. 1917.
The Charnel Rose; Senlin: a Biography, and other Poems. 1918.
Scepticisms: Notes on Contemporary Poetry. 1919.
The House of Dust. 1920.
Punch, the Immortal Liar. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Ath. 1919, 2: 798, 840; 1920, 1: 10.
Bookm. 47 ('18): 269; 51 ('20): 194.
Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 26.
Dial, 64 ('18): 291 (J.G. Fletcher); 66 ('19): 558 (J.G. Fletcher);
68 ('20): 491; 70 ('21): 343, 700.
Egoist, 5 ('18): 60.
Nation, 111 ('20): 509.
Poetry, 9 ('16): 99; 10 ('17): 162; 13 ('18): 102; 14 ('19): 152;
15 ('20): 283; 17 ('21): 220.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1920.

+"Henry G. Aikman" (Harold H. Armstrong)+--novelist. Born in 1879. His
books dealing with the psychology of the young man have attracted
attention.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Groper. 1919.
Zell. 1921.

For reviews, see _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1921.

+Zoë Akins+ (Missouri, 1886)--dramatist.

Attracted attention by her _Papa_, 1913, produced, 1919. Followed up this success by _Déclassée_, also produced 1919 (quoted with illustrations in _Current Opinion_, 68 ['20]: 187); and _Daddy's Gone A-Hunting_, produced 1921.

For complete bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Mrs. Richard Aldington+ (Hilda Doolittle, "H.D.")--poet.

Born at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1886. Studied at Bryn Mawr, 1904-5, but ill health compelled her to give up college work. In 1911, she went abroad and remained there. In 1913, she married Richard Aldington, the English poet (cf. Manly and Rickert, _Contemporary British Poetry_).

"H.D.'s" work is commonly regarded as the most perfect embodiment of the Imagist theory.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Sea Garden. 1916.
Hymen. 1921.
Also in: Des Imagistes. 1914.
Some Imagist Poets. 1915, 1916.
The Egoist. (_Passim._)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Lowell.
Untermeyer.

Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('17): 132.
Chapbook, 2 ('20): No. 9, p. 22. (Flint.)
Dial, 72 ('22): 203. (May Sinclair.)
Egoist, 2 ('15): 72 (Flint); 88 (May Sinclair).
Little Review, 5 ('18): Dec., p. 14. (Pound.)
Lond. Times, Oct. 5, 1916: 479.
Poetry, 20 ('20): 333.
Poetry Journal, 7 ('17): 171.

+James Lane Allen+--novelist.

Born near Lexington, Kentucky, 1849, of Scotch-Irish Revolutionary ancestry. A.B., A.M., Transylvania University; and honorary higher degrees. Taught in various schools and colleges. Since 1886 has given his time entirely to writing. Nature lover. Describes the Kentucky life that he knows.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Flute and Violin and Other Kentucky Tales and Romances. 1891.
The Blue Grass Region of Kentucky and Other Kentucky Articles. 1892.
John Gray--a Novel. 1893.
*A Kentucky Cardinal. 1895.
Aftermath. 1896.
A Summer in Arcady. 1896.
The Choir Invisible. 1897. (Novel; play, 1899.)
Two Gentlemen of Kentucky. 1899.
The Reign of Law. A Tale of the Kentucky Hemp Fields. 1900.
*The Mettle of the Pasture. 1903.
The Bride of the Mistletoe. 1909.
The Doctor's Christmas Eve. 1910.
The Heroine in Bronze, or A Portrait of a Girl. 1912.
The Last Christmas Tree. 1914.
The Sword of Youth. 1915.
A Cathedral Singer. 1916.
The Kentucky Warbler. 1918.
The Emblems of Fidelity. 1919.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Harkins.
Pattee.
Toulmin.

Acad. 59 ('00): 35; 76 ('09): 800; 88 ('15): 234.
Bk. Buyer, 20 ('00): 350, 374.
Bookm. 32 ('10-11): 360, 640.
Cur. Lit. 29 ('00): 147; 35 ('03): 129 (portrait).
Lamp, 27 ('03): 117, 119 (portrait).
Mentor, 6 ('18): 2 (portrait).
Outlook, 96 ('10): 811.

+Sherwood Anderson+--short-story writer, novelist.

Born at Camden, Ohio, 1876. Of Scotch-Irish ancestry. Father a journeyman harness-maker. Public school education. At the age of sixteen or seventeen came to Chicago and worked four or five years as a laborer. Soldier in the Spanish-American War. Later, in the advertising business.

In 1921, received the prize of $2,000 offered by _The Dial_ to further the work of the American author considered to be most promising.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. The autobiographical element in Mr. Anderson's work is marked and should never be forgotten in judging his work. The conventional element is easily discoverable as patched on, particularly in the long books.

2. To realize the qualities that make some critics regard Mr. Anderson as perhaps our most promising novelist, examples should be noted of the following qualities which he possesses to a striking degree: (1) independence of literary traditions and methods; (2) a keen eye for details; (3) a passionate desire to interpret life; (4) a strong sense of the value of individual lives of little seeming importance.

3. Are Mr. Anderson's defects due to the limitations of his experience, or do you notice certain temperamental defects which he is not likely to outgrow?

4. Mr. Anderson's experiments in form are interesting to study. Compare the prosiness of his verse with his efforts to use poetic cadence in _The Triumph of the Egg_. Does it suggest to you the possibility of developing a form intermediate between prose and free verse?

5. Does Mr. Anderson succeed best as novelist or as short-story writer? Why?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Windy McPherson's Son. 1916. (Novel.)
Marching Men. 1917. (Novel.)
Mid-American Chants. 1918. (Poems.)
Winesburg, Ohio. 1919.
Poor White. 1920. (Novel.)
The Triumph of the Egg. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 45 ('17): 302 (portrait), 307.
Dial, 72 ('22): 29, 79.
Freeman, 2 ('21) 1403; 4 ('21): 281.
New Repub. 9 ('17): 333; 24 ('20): 330; 28 ('21): 383.
New Statesman, 8 ('17): 330.
Poetry, 12 ('18): 155.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1920, 1921.

+Mary Raymond Shipman Andrews+--(+Mrs. William Shankland
Andrews+)--short-story writer, novelist.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

*The Perfect Tribute. 1906.
The Militants. 1907.
*The Lifted Bandage. 1910.
The Counsel Assigned. 1912.
The Marshal. 1912.
The Three Things. 1915.
Joy in the Morning. 1919.
His Soul Goes Marching On. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 27 ('08): 155.
Nation, 85 ('07): 58.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1912, 1915, 1919.

+Mary Antin (Mrs. Amadeus W. Grabau)+--writer.

Born at Polotzk, Russia, 1881. Came to America in 1894. Educated in American schools. Studied at Teachers' College, Columbia, 1901-2, and at Barnard College, 1902-4.

Her second book attracted attention for its fresh and sympathetic treatment of the experiences of immigrants coming to this country.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

From Polotzk to Boston. 1899.
*The Promised Land. 1912.
They Who Knock at Our Gates. 1914.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Acad. 83 ('12): 637.
Am. M. 77 ('14): Mar., p. 64 (portrait).
Bookm. 35 ('12): 584.
J. Educ. 81 ('15): 91.
Lond. Times, Oct. 10, 1912: 420.
Outlook, 104 ('13): 473 (portrait).

+Walter Conrad Arensberg+--poet.

Illustrates in his _Poems_, 1914, and _Idols_, 1916, conversion from the old forms of verse to the new. Cf. also _Others_, 1916.

For studies, cf. Untermeyer; also _Dial_, 69 ('20): 61 _Poetry_, 8 ('16): 208.

+Gertrude Franklin Atherton (Mrs. George H. Bowen Atherton)+--novelist.

Born at San Francisco, 1859. Great-grandniece of Benjamin Franklin. Educated in private schools. Has lived much abroad.

Mrs. Atherton's work is very uneven, but is interesting as reflecting different aspects of social and political life in this country.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Doomswoman. 1892.
Patience Sparhawk and Her Times. 1897.
*American Wives and English Husbands. 1898. (Revised edition, 1919;
under the title _Transplanted_.)
The Californians. 1898.
*Senator North. 1900.
The Aristocrats. 1901.
*The Conqueror. 1902.
The Splendid Idle Forties. 1902.
Rezanov. 1906.
*Ancestors. 1907.
Perch of the Devil. 1914.
California--an Intimate History. 1914.
The White Morning. 1918.
Sisters-in-law. 1921.
Sleeping Fires. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Cooper.
Courtney, W.L. The Feminine Note in Fiction. 1904.
Halsey. (Women.)
Harkins. (Women.)
Underwood.

Bookm. 12 ('01): 541, 542 (portrait); 30 ('09): 356.
Forum, 58 ('17): 585.

+Mary Hunter Austin (Mrs. Stafford W. Austin)+--novelist, dramatist.

Born at Carlinville, Illinois, 1868. At the age of nineteen went to live in California. B.S., Blackburn University, 1888. Lived on the edge of the Mohave Desert where she is said to have worked like an Indian woman, housekeeping and gardening. Studied the desert, its form, its weather, its lights, its plants. Also studied Indian lore extensively, contributing the chapter on Aboriginal Literature to the _Cambridge History of American Literature_ (IV [Later National Literature, III], 610ff.).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Land of Little Rain. 1903.
*The Basket Woman: Fanciful Tales for Children. 1904.
Isidro. 1905.
The Flock. 1906.
Santa Lucia. 1908.
Lost Borders. 1909.
*The Arrow Maker. 1911. (Play.) (Also in _Drama_, 1915.)
*A Woman of Genius. 1912.
The Green Bough. 1913.
The Lovely Lady. 1913.
Love and the Soul-Maker. 1914.
The Man Jesus. 1915.
The Ford. 1917.
Outland. 1919. (Originally published under the pseudonym, "Gordon
Stairs," London, 1910.)
No. 26 Jayne Street. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Overton.

Am. M. 72 ('11): 178 (portrait).
Bookm. 35 ('12): 586 (portrait).
Cur. Lit. 53 ('12): 698 (portrait.)
Freeman, 1 ('20): 311.
New Repub. 24 ('20): 151.
R. of Rs. 47 ('13): 241 (portrait).
Review, 3 ('20): 73.
Sunset, 43 ('19): 49 (portrait).

+Irving (Addison) Bacheller+ (New York, 1859)--novelist.

His outstanding books are:

Eben Holden. 1900.
A Man for the Ages. 1919. (Lincoln, the hero.)

For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Josephine Dodge Daskam Bacon (Mrs. Selden Bacon)+--novelist.

Born at Stamford, Connecticut, 1876. A.B., Smith College, 1898.

Mrs. Bacon has made a special study of child life.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Smith College Stories. 1900.
The Imp and the Angel. 1901.
Fables for the Fair. 1901.
The Madness of Philip. 1902.
Middle Aged Love Stories. 1903.
*Memoirs of a Baby. 1904.
The Domestic Adventurers. 1907.
*Biography of a Boy. 1910.
While Caroline Was Growing. 1911.
Margarita's Soul. 1909. (Under the pseudonym "Ingraham Lovell.")
Open Market. 1915.
When Binks Came. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Am. M. 69 ('10): 765, 766 (portrait).
Bk. Buyer, 20 ('00): 191 (portrait).
Bookm. 27 ('08): 159.
Critic, 40 ('02): 332 (portrait), 335.
Outlook, 78 ('04): 288 (portrait).

+Ray Stannard Baker ("David Grayson")+--man of letters.

Born at Lansing, Michigan, 1870. B.S., Michigan Agricultural College, 1889. Studied law and literature at University of Michigan; LL.D., 1917. On the _Chicago Record_, 1892-7. Managing editor of McClure's Syndicate, 1897-8, and associate editor of _McClure's Magazine_, 1899-1905. On the _American Magazine_, 1906-15. Director of Press Bureau of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace at Paris, 1919.

His studies of country life under the pseudonym "David Grayson" are widely popular.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adventures in Contentment. 1907.
Adventures in Friendship. 1910.
The Friendly Road. 1913.
Hempfield. 1915.
Great Possessions. 1917.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Acad. 86 ('14): 137.
Am. M. 78 ('14)138.
Bookm. 43 ('16): 1 (portrait), 394.
Bookm. (Lond.) 39 ('11): 290; 47 ('14): 107.
McClure's, 24 ('04): 108, 110 (portrait).

+John Kendrick Bangs+ (New York, 1862-1922)--humorist.

Published some sixty volumes of prose sketches, verses, stories, and plays, most of which belong to the nineteenth century. Characteristic volumes are:

Coffee and Repartee. 1893.
A House Boat on the Styx. 1895.
The Bycyclers and Other Farces. 1896.
A Rebellious Heroine. 1896.
Alice in Blunderland. 1907.
Autobiography of Methuselah. 1909.
The Foothills of Parnassus. 1914.

For complete bibliography, cf. _Who's Who in America_.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Halsey.
Harkins.

Bk. Buyer, 20 ('00): 183 (portrait), 208.
Bookm. 15 ('02): 412 (portrait).
Critic, 42 ('03): 105 (portrait).
Harp. W. 46 ('02): 891; 51 ('07): 23, 28. (Portraits.)

+Rex Ellingwood Beach+ (Michigan, 1877)--novelist.

Writer of novels of adventure, mainly about Alaska. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+(Charles) William Beebe+--Nature writer.

Born at Brooklyn, 1877. B.S., Columbia, 1898; post-graduate work, 1898-9. Honorary Curator of Ornithology, New York Zoölogical Society since 1899; director of the British Guiana Zoölogical Station. Has traveled extensively in Asia, South America, and Mexico, especially, for purposes of observation.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Although Mr. Beebe is preëminently an ornithologist, he belongs to literature by reason of the volumes of nature studies listed below. A comparison of his books with those of the English ornithologist, W.H. Hudson (cf. Manly and Rickert, _Contemporary British Literature_) is illuminative of the merits of both.

2. Another interesting comparison may be made between Mr. Beebe's descriptions of the jungle in _Jungle Peace_ and H.M. Tomlinson's in _Sea and Jungle_ (cf. Manly and Rickert, _op. cit._).

3. An analysis of the use of suggestion in appeal to the different senses brings out one of the main sources of Mr. Beebe's charm as a writer.

4. Read aloud several fine passages to observe the prose rhythms.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Two Bird Lovers in Mexico. 1905.
The Log of the Sun. 1906.
Our Search for a Wilderness. 1910. (With Mrs. Beebe.)
Tropical Wild Life in British Guiana. 1917.
*Jungle Peace. 1918.
Edge of the Jungle. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Nation, 106 ('18): 213.
Science, n.s. 50 ('19): 473.
Spec. 95 ('05): 1128.
Travel, 38 ('21): 17 (portrait).
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1918, 1921.

+David Belasco+--dramatist.

Born at San Francisco, 1859. Stage manager of various theatres and producer of many plays. Owner and manager of Belasco Theatre, New York City.

His most successful recent play, _The Return of Peter Grimm_ (1911), is printed by Baker, _Modern American Plays_, 1920, and by Moses, _Representative Plays by American Dramatists_, 1918-21, III. For bibliography of unpublished plays, cf. _Cambridge_, III (IV), 763.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Eaton, W.P. Plays and Players. 1916.
Moses.
Winter, William. Life of David Belasco. 1918.
Acad. 83 ('12): 673.
Nation, 100 ('10): 525.
New Repub. 8 ('16): 155.
Theatre Arts M. 5 ('21): 259=Outlook, 127 ('21): 418 (portrait).

+Stephen Vincent Benét+--poet, novelist.

Born at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1898; brother of William Rose Benét (q.v.) Graduate of Yale, 1919.

Mr. Benét's work at once attracted attention by its qualities of exuberance and fancy. In 1921, he shared with Carl Sandburg (q.v.) the prize of the Poetry Society of America.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Five Men and Pompey. 1915.
The Drug Shop. 1917.
Young Adventure. 1918.
Heavens and Earth. 1920.
The Beginning of Wisdom. 1921. (Novel.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 47 ('18): 558 (Phelps); 54 ('21): 394.
Dial, 71 ('21): 597.
Poetry, 16 ('20): 53; 20 ('22): 340.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1920, 1921.

+William Rose Benét+--poet.

Born at Fort Hamilton, New York Harbor, 1886. Ph.B., Sheffield Scientific School, Yale, 1907. Free lance writer in California 1907-11. Reader for the _Century Magazine_, 1911-18. In 1920, associate editor of the _Literary Review_ of the _New York Evening Post_.

Mr. Benét's verse has attracted attention for its pictorial imagination, vigorous rhythms, and grotesque and lively fancy.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Merchants from Cathay. 1913.
The Falconer of God. 1914.
The Great White Wall. 1916.
The Burglar of the Zodiac. 1918.
Perpetual Light. 1919.
Moons of Grandeur. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Bookm. 47 ('18): 558; 53 ('21): 168.
Dial, 56 ('14): 67.
Poetry, 5 ('14): 91; 9 ('17): 322; 12 ('18): 216; 15 ('19): 48.
R. of Rs. 51 ('15): 759.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1914, 1917, 1918, 1920.

+Konrad Bercovici+--story writer.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Crimes of Charity. 1917. (With introduction by John Reed.)
Dust of New York. 1919. (Short stories.)
Ghiza and Other Romances of Gipsy Blood. 1921.

For reviews, see _Book Review Digest_, 1917, 1919, 1921.

+Edwin (August) Björkman+--critic.

Born at Stockholm, Sweden, 1866. Educated in Stockholm high school. Clerk, actor, and journalist in Sweden, 1881-91. Came to America, 1891. On staffs of St. Paul and Minneapolis papers, 1892-7; on the _New York Sun_ and _New York Times_, 1897-1905. On the editorial staff of the _New York Evening Post_, 1906. Department editor of the _World's Work_ and editor of the _Modern Drama Series_, 1912--.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Is There Anything New Under the Sun? 1911.
Gleams: A Fragmentary Interpretation of Man and His World. 1912.
Voices of To-morrow. 1913.
The Soul of a Child. 1922. (Novel.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Cur. Op. 55 ('13): 190 (portrait).
R. of Rs. 45 ('12): 115 (portrait).
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1913.

+Maxwell Bodenheim+--poet.

Born at Natchez, Mississippi, 1892. Grammar school education. Served in the U.S. Army, 1910-13. Studied law and art in Chicago.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

Mr. Bodenheim gets his effects by his management of detail. For this reason, his use of picture-making words and suggestive phrases offers material for special study. See the _New Republic_, 13 ('17): 211, for his own statement of his creed.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Minna and Myself. 1918.
Advice. 1920.
Introducing Irony. 1922.
Also in: Poetry. (_Passim._)
The Little Review. (_Passim._)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Dial, 66 ('19): 356; 69 ('20): 645.
Poetry, 13 ('19): 342.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1920, 1921.

+Gamaliel Bradford+--man of letters.

Born at Boston, 1863. Studied at Harvard, 1882; no degree, because of ill health. Has confined his attention almost entirely to literature since 1886. Specializes in character portraits.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Types of American Character. 1895.
A Pageant of Life. 1904.
The Private Tutor. 1904.
Between Two Masters. 1906.
Matthew Porter. 1908.
Lee, the American. 1912.
Confederate Portraits. 1914.
Union Portraits. 1916.
Portraits of Women. 1916.
A Naturalist of Souls. 1917.
Portraits of American Women. 1919.
The Prophet of Joy. 1920. (Poems.)
Shadow Verses. 1920.
American Portraits, 1875-1900. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 41 ('15): 586 (portrait); 52 ('20): 170.
Nation, 112 ('21): 86.
New Repub. 9 ('16): supp. p. 3.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1916, 1920.

+George H. Broadhurst+ (1866)--dramatist.

Of his plays the following have been published:

What Happened to Jones. 1897.
The Man of the Hour. 1908.
Why Smith Left Home. 1912.
The Law of the Land. 1914.
Innocent. 1914.
Bought and Paid for. 1916.

For bibliography of unpublished plays, see _Cambridge_, III (IV), 773.

+Alter Brody+--poet.

Born in Russia, 1895, of a Russian-Jewish family. Came to New York when he was eight years old. Very little education. Translated for Jewish and American newspapers. His first poems appeared in _The Seven Arts_ (cf. James Oppenheim).

His one book, _A Family Album_, 1918, is interesting for its realistic pictures of New York as seen through the temperament of a Russian Jew.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Poetry, 14 ('19): 280.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1918.

+Charles (Stephen) Brooks+--essayist.

Born in 1878. Graduate of Yale. Business man in Cleveland. Essay writing an avocation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Journeys to Bagdad. 1915.
"There's Pippins and Cheese to Come." 1917.
Chimney-Pot Papers. 1919.
Luca Sarto. 1920. (Historical novel.)
Hints to Pilgrims. 1921.
Frightful Plays! 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 47 ('18): 439 (portrait).
Nation, 109 ('19): 178.
Review, 2 ('20): 463.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920.

+Van Wyck Brooks+--critic.

Born at Plainfield, New Jersey, 1886. A.B., Harvard, 1907. Taught at Leland Stanford, 1911-3. With the Century Company since 1915.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Wine of the Puritans. 1909.
The Malady of the Ideal. 1913.
John Addington Symonds--a Biographical Study. 1914.
The World of H.G. Wells. 1915.
America's Coming-of-Age. 1915.
Letters and Leadership. 1918.
The Ordeal of Mark Twain. 1919.
The History of a Literary Radical; a Biography of Randolph Bourne, 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 41 ('15): 132 (portrait); 52 ('21): 333.
Dial, 69 ('20): 293.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1920.

+Heywood (Campbell) Broun+--critic, essayist.

Born at Brooklyn, New York, 1888. Studied at Harvard, 1906-10. On _Morning Telegraph_, New York, 1908-9, 1911-12; _New York Tribune_, 1912-21. Now with _New York World_. War correspondent in France, 1917.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A.E.F.--With General Pershing and the American Forces. 1918.
Seeing Things at Night. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 53 ('21): 443.
Cur. Op. 67 ('19): 315.
Dial, 65 ('18): 125.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1918, 1921.

+Alice Brown+--short-story writer, novelist, dramatist.

Born on a farm near Hampton Falls, New Hampshire, 1857. Graduated from Robinson Seminary, Exeter, New Hampshire, 1876. Lived on a farm many years and loves outdoor life. Many years on staff of _Youth's Companion_.

Her stories of New England life should be compared with those of Sarah Orne Jewett and Mary Wilkins Freeman (q.v.). In 1915, she won the Winthrop Ames $10,000 prize for her play, _Children of Earth_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Fools of Nature. 1887.
*Meadow-Grass. 1895. (Short stories.)
Robert Louis Stevenson--A Study. 1895. (With Louise Imogene Guiney.)
By Oak and Thorn. 1896. (English travels.)
The Road to Castaly. 1896. (Poems.)
The Day of His Youth. 1897.
*Tiverton Tales. 1899. (Short stories.)
King's End. 1901.
Margaret Warrener. 1901.
Judgment. 1903.
The Mannerings. 1903.
The Merrylinks. 1903.
High Noon. 1904. (Short stories.)
Paradise. 1905.
The County Road. 1906.
The Court of Love. 1906.
Rose MacLeod. 1908.
The Story of Thyrza. 1909.
Country Neighbors. 1910. (Short stories.)
John Winterbourne's Family. 1910.
The One-Footed Fairy. 1911. (Short stories.)
The Secret of the Clan. 1912.
Vanishing Points. 1913. (Short stories.)
Robin Hood's Barn. 1913.
My Love and I. 1913. (Under the pseudonym "Martin Redfield.")
*Children of Earth. 1915. (Play.)
The Prisoner. 1916.
Bromley Neighborhood. 1917.
The Flying Teuton. 1918. (Short stories.)
The Black Drop. 1919.
Homespun and Gold. 1920. (Short stories.)
The Wind between the Worlds. 1920. (Short stories.)
Louise Imogene Guiney. 1921.
One Act Plays. 1921.
Old Crow. 1022. (Novel.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Overton.
Pattee.
Rittenhouse.

Acad. 76 ('09): 110.
Atlan. 98 ('06): 55.
Cur. Op. 57 ('14): 28.
Lit. Digest, 48 ('14): 1435.
Outlook, 123 ('19): 514 (portrait).
R. of Rs. 39 ('09): 761; 43 ('11): 121. (Portraits.)
Spec. 102 ('09): 785.

+Arthur Bullard ("Albert Edwards")+--novelist.

Born at St. Joseph, Missouri, 1869. Studied about two years at Hamilton College. Settlement worker, probation officer of Prison Association of New York, 1903-6. Since 1906, has traveled widely. In Russia and Siberia, 1917-9. Foreign correspondent for different magazines both before and during the War. Socialist.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

*A Man's World. 1912.
Comrade Yetta. 1913.
The Barbary Coast. 1913. (Travels.)
The Stranger. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 37 ('13): 518 (portrait).
Cur. Lit. 53 ('12): 698, 699 (portrait).
New Repub. 21 ('20): 361; 24 ('20): 25.
R. of Rs. 47 ('13): 244 (portrait).
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1913, 1916, 1920.

+(Frank) Gelett Burgess+ (Massachusetts, 1866)--humorist.

Inventor of the "Goops" and of "Bromide" (_Are You a Bromide?_ 1907). The humor of his illustrations contributes greatly to the success of his writing. For bibliography, cf. _Who's Who in America_.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 53 ('21): 488.
Overland, n.s. 60 ('12): 377.
R. of Rs. 35 ('07): 116 (portrait).

+Frances Hodgson Burnett (Mrs. Stephen Townsend)+--novelist.

Born at Manchester, England, 1849, but went to live at Knoxville, Tennessee, 1865. She began to write for magazines in 1867.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

That Lass o' Lowrie's. 1877.
Through One Administration. 1883.
Little Lord Fauntleroy. 1886. (Dramatized.)
Editha's Burglar. 1888.
The One I Knew the Best of All. 1893. (Autobiographical.)
A Lady of Quality. 1896. (Dramatized; with Stephen Townsend.)
T. Tembaron. 1913.
The White People. 1917.
The Head of the House of Coombe. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Halsey. (Women.)
Harkins. (Women.)
Overton.

Am. M. 70 ('10): 748 (portrait).
Bookm. 20 ('04): 276 (portrait).
Cur. Lit. 37 ('04): 321 (portrait).
Good Housekeeping, 74 ('22): Feb., p. 27 (portrait).
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1915-1917.

+John Burroughs+--Nature writer, essayist, poet.

Born at Roxbury, New York, 1837. Academy education with honorary higher degrees. Taught for about eight years; clerk in the Treasury, 1864-73; national bank examiner, 1873-84. From 1874 lived on a farm, after 1884 dividing his time between market gardening and literature. He died in 1921.

Mr. Burroughs' cottage in the woods not far from West Park, New York, appropriately called "Slabsides," has become famous and an effort is being made to keep it for the nation.

Mr. Burroughs continued to write and publish to the time of his death.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Notes on Walt Whitman as Poet and Person. 1867.
Wake Robin. 1871.
Winter Sunshine. 1875.
Birds and Poets. 1877.
Locusts and Wild Honey. 1879.
Pepacton. 1881.
Fresh Fields. 1884.
Signs and Seasons. 1886.
Indoor Studies. 1889.
Riverby. 1894.
Whitman, a Study. 1896.
The Light of Day. 1900.
Squirrels and Other Fur Bearers. 1900.
Literary Values. 1904.
Far and Near. 1904.
Ways of Nature. 1905.
Bird and Bough. 1906. (Poems.)
Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt. 1907.
Leaf and Tendril. 1908.
Time and Change. 1912.
The Summit of the Years. 1913.
The Breath of Life. 1915.
Under the Apple Trees. 1916.
Field and Study. 1919.
Accepting the Universe. 1920.
My Boyhood: An Autobiography. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Barrus, Clara. Our Friend John Burroughs. 1914.
---- ---- John Burroughs. Boy and Man. 1920.
Halsey.
James, Henry. Views and Reviews. 1908.
Loach, De, R.J.H. Rambles with John Burroughs. 1912.
Sharp, Dallas Lore. The Seer of Slabsides. 1921.

Atlan. 106 ('10): 631; 128 ('21): 517.
Bookm. 49 ('19): 389.
Cent. 63 ('02): 860 (poem by Edwin Markam to John Burroughs);
80 ('10): 521; 101 ('21): 619; 102 ('21): 731. (Hamlin Garland.)
Craftsman, 8 ('05): 564; 22 ('12): 240, 357, 525, 635; 27 ('15): 590.
Critic, 47 ('05): 101 (portraits).
Cur. Lit. 45 ('08): 60; 49 ('10): 680; 50 ('11): 413 (portraits).
Cur. Op. 70 ('21): 644 (portrait), 667; 71 ('21): 74
Dial, 32 ('02): 7.
Edin. R. 208 ('08): 343.
Lit. Digest, 48 ('14): 1441; 69 ('21): Apr. 16, p. 23.
Liv. Age, 248 ('06): 188. (W.H. Hudson.)
Nation, 112 ('21): 531.
New Repub. 26 ('21): 186.
No. Am. 214 ('21): 177.
Outlook, 66 ('00): 351 (portrait); 109 ('15): 224 (portraits);
127 ('21): 580 (portrait), 582; 129 ('21): 344.
R. of Rs. 63 ('21): 517 (portrait).
Review, 4 ('21): 338.

+Richard (Eugene) Burton+--critic, poet.

Born at Hartford, Connecticut, 1861. A.B., Trinity College, 1883; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, 1888. Three years of teaching, editorial work, and travel abroad. Editor of the _Hartford Courant_, 1890-7. Associate editor of _Warner's Library of the World's Best Literature_, 1897-9. Head of the English department at the University of Minnesota, 1898-1902 and 1906--.

Besides his critical work, he has written a novel, a play, and a number of volumes of poetry. For complete bibliography, cf. _Who's Who in America_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Literary Likings. 1898.
Forces in Fiction. 1902.
Literary Leaders of America. 1904.
The New American Drama. 1913.
How to See a Play. 1914.
Bernard Shaw--The Man and the Mask. 1916.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Rittenhouse.

Bookm. 47 ('18): 348.
Chaut. 38 ('03): 82 (portrait).
Lond. Times, Mar. 17, 1910: 95.
R. of Rs. 55 ('17): 214 (portrait).

+Witter Bynner+--poet, dramatist.

Born at Brooklyn, 1881. A.B., Harvard, 1902. Assistant editor of _McClure's Magazine_, 1902-6. Literary adviser to various publishing companies. Has recently traveled in the Orient. Under the pseudonyms "Emanuel Morgan" and "Anne Knish," Bynner and Arthur Davison Ficke (q.v.) wrote _Spectra_, a burlesque of modern tendencies in poetry, which some critics took seriously.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

An Ode to Harvard. 1907. (=Young Harvard, 1918.)
Tiger. 1913. (Play.)
The Little King. 1914. (Play.)
The New World. 1915.
Spectra. 1916. (Under pseudonym "Emanuel Morgan," with Arthur Davison
Ficke, q.v.)
Grenstone Poems. 1917.
A Canticle of Praise. 1919.
The Beloved Stranger. 1919.
A Canticle of Pan and Other Poems. 1920.
Pins for Wings. 1920. (Under pseudonym "Emanuel Morgan.")

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Boynton
Untermeyer.

Acad. 86 ('14): 687.
Bookm. 47 ('18): 394.
Dial, 67 ('19): 302.
Forum, 55 ('16): 675.
Freeman, 1 ('20): 476.
Mentor, 7 ('19): supp. (portrait).
Nation, 109 ('19): 440.
New Repub. 9 ('16): supp. p. 13. (Review of _Spectra_, Bynner.)
Poetry, 7 ('15): 147; 12 ('18): 169; 15 ('20): 281.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1914, 1920, 1921.

+James Branch Cabell+--novelist, critic.

Born at Richmond, Virginia, 1879, of an old Southern family. A.B., William and Mary College, 1898, where he taught French and Greek, 1896-7. Newspaper work from 1899-1901. Since then he has devoted his time almost entirely to the study and writing of literature. His study of genealogy and history has an important bearing upon his creative work.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Before reading Mr. Cabell's stories, read his _Beyond Life_, which explains his theory of romance. He maintains that art should be based on the dream of life as it should be, not as it is; that enduring literature is not "reportorial work"; that there is vital falsity in being true to life because "facts out of relation to the rest of life become lies," and that art therefore "must become more or less an allegory."

2. Mr. Cabell's fiction falls into two divisions:

(1) Romances of the middle ages.
(2) Comedies of present-day Virginia.

Both elements are found in _The Cream of the Jest_ (cf. with Du Maurier's _Peter Ibbetson_). The romances illustrate different aspects of his theory of chivalry; the modern comedies, his theory of gallantry (cf. _Beyond Life_).

3. In his romances he has created an imaginary province of France, the people of which bear names and use idioms drawn from widely diverse and incongruous sources. His effort to create mediæval atmosphere by the use of archaisms does not preclude modern idiom and slang. Through all this work, elaborate pretense of non-existent sources of the tales and frequent allusions to fictitious authors are a part of the method. After reading some of these stories, consider the following criticism from the _London Times_ quoted by Mr. Cabell himself at the end of _Beyond Life_: "It requires a nicer touch than Mr. Cabell's, to reproduce the atmosphere of the Middle Ages ... the artifice is more apparent than the art...."

4. An interesting study is to isolate the authors for whom Mr. Cabell expresses particular admiration and those for whom he expresses contempt in _Beyond Life_ and to deduce from his attitudes his peculiar literary qualities.