Chapter IV: Front Matter (4)

Am. M. 74 ('12): 422 (portrait).
Ath. 1919, 2: 1334.
Bookm. 46 ('18): 575; 47 ('18): 125 (Phelps); 53 ('21): 525 (Morley).
Bookm. (Lond.) 57 ('20): 178.
Cent. 102 ('21): 638.
Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 19.
Collier's, 51 ('13): 7 (portrait).
Cur. Lit. 50 ('11): 320.
Cur. Op. 68 ('20): 851; 69 ('20): 371 (portrait).
Dial, 57 ('14): 281.
Ind. 77 ('14): 72.
Lit. Digest, 65 ('20): 43.
Liv. Age, 307 ('20): 671.
Lond. Merc. 2 ('20): 645; 3 ('20): 112.
New Repub. 9 ('16): supp. 6, (Hackett); 21 ('20): 321.
Poetry, 3 ('14): 182; 5 ('15): 296; 11 ('18): 214; 16 ('20): 101;
17 ('21): 262.
R. of Rs. 49 ('14): 245.
Spec. 125 ('20): 372, 604; 126 ('21): 645.
Touchstone, 2 ('18): 510.

+Philip Littell+--critic.

Born at Brookline, Massachusetts, 1868. A.B., Harvard, 1890. On staff of _Milwaukee Sentinel_, 1890-1901, and _New York Globe_, 1910-13. On _The New Republic_ since 1914. His one volume is _Books and Things_, 1919.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Dial, 68 ('20): 362.
No. Am. 210 ('19): 849.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1919.

+Jack London+--novelist.

Born at San Francisco, 1876. Studied at the University of California, but left college to go to the Klondyke. In 1892, shipped before the mast. Went to Japan; hunted seal in Behring Sea. Tramped far and wide in the United States and Canada, in 1894, for social and economic study. War correspondent in the Russian-Japanese War. Traveled extensively. Socialist. Died in 1916.

His work is very uneven; but the following books are regarded as among his best:

The Call of the Wild. 1903.
The Sea-Wolf. 1904.
Martin Eden. 1909. (Autobiographical.)
John Barleycorn. 1913. (Autobiographical.)

For an account of his life and work, see _The Book of Jack London_, by Charmian London, 1921 (cf. _Freeman_, 4 ['22]: 407). For reviews, cf. the _Book Review Digest_, especially 1903-7, 1911, 1915.

+Robert Morss Lovett+--man of letters.

Born at Boston, 1870. A.B., Harvard, 1892. Taught English at Harvard, 1892-3; at Chicago, since 1893; professor since 1909. Editor of _The Dial_, 1919. On the staff of _The New Republic_, 1921--.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Richard Gresham. 1904. (Novel.)
A Winged Victory. 1907. (Novel.)
Cowards. 1917. (Play, published in _Drama_, 7.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Drama, 7 ('17): 325.

+Amy Lowell+--poet, critic.

Born at Brookline, Massachusetts, 1874. Sister of President Lowell of Harvard, and of Percival Lowell, the astronomer. Distantly related to James Russell Lowell. Educated at private schools. Traveled extensively in Europe as a child. Her visits to Egypt, Greece, and Turkey influenced her development. In 1902, she decided to become a poet and spent eight years studying, without publishing a poem. Her first poem appeared in the _Atlantic_, 1910.

She is a collector of Keats manuscripts and says that the poet who influenced her most profoundly was Keats. She has also made special study of Chinese poetry.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. As Miss Lowell is the principal exponent of the theories of imagism and free verse in this country, careful reading of some of her critical papers leads to a better understanding of her work. Especially valuable are her studies of Paul Fort in her volume entitled _Six French Poets_, of "H.D." and John Gould Fletcher in her _Tendencies in Modern American Poetry_, the prefaces to different volumes of her poems and to the anthologies published under the title _Some Imagist Poets_ (1915, 1916), and her articles in the _Dial_, 64 ('18): 51 ff., and in Poetry, 3 ('13): 213 ff.

2. In judging her work, consider separately her poems in regular metrical form and those in free verse. Decide which method is better suited to her type of imagination.

3. To what extent does her inspiration come from cultural sources--travel, literature, art, music?

4. Consider especially her presentation of "images." How far do these seem to be derived from direct experience? Test them by your own experience. What principles seem to determine her choice of details? Which sense impressions--sight, sound, taste, smell, touch--does she most frequently and successfully suggest? Note instances where her figures of speech sharpen the imagery and others where they seem to distort it. In what ways is the influence of Keats perceptible in her work?

5. It is worth while to make special study of the historical imagery of the poems in _Can Grande's Castle_.

6. If you are familiar with the impressionistic method of painting, work out an analogy between it and Miss Lowell's word pictures.

7. Study separately her varieties of free verse and polyphonic prose (cf. her study of Paul Fort and the preface to _Can Grande's Castle_). Choose several poems in which you think the free verse form is especially adapted to the content and draw conclusions as to the problems of development of this kind of verse or of its possible influence upon regular metrical forms.

8. Use the following poem by Miss Lowell as a basis for judging her work:

FRAGMENT

What is poetry? Is it a mosaic
Of colored stones which curiously are wrought
Into a pattern? Rather glass that's taught
By patient labor any hue to take
And glowing with a sumptuous splendor, make
Beauty a thing of awe; where sunbeams caught,
Transmuted fall in sheafs of rainbows fraught
With storied meaning for religion's sake.

9. In summing up Miss Lowell's achievement, consider the different phases of it that appear in her volumes taken in chronological order, noting the successive influences under which she has come. In what qualities does she stand out strikingly from other contemporary poets? Do you expect different and more important work from her in the future?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Dome of Many-Colored Glass. 1912.
Sword Blades and Poppy Seed. 1914.
Six French Poets. 1915.
Men, Women and Ghosts. 1916.
Tendencies in Modern American Poetry. 1917.
Can Grande's Castle. 1918.
Pictures of the Floating World. 1919.
Legends; Tales of Peoples. 1921.
Fir-Flower Tablets. Poems Translated from the Chinese. 1921. (With
Florence Ayscough.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Boynton.
Hunt, R. and Snow, R.H. Amy Lowell. 1921.
Untermeyer.

Bookm. 47 ('18): 255. (Phelps.)
Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 8.
Dial, 61 ('16): 528; 65 ('18): 346; 67 ('19): 331
Egoist, 1 ('14): 422; 2 ('15): 81, 109; 3 ('16): 9.
Freeman, 4 ('21): 18.
Ind. 87 ('16): 306 (portrait); 88 ('16):533 (portrait); 93 ('18): 294.
Lit. Digest, 52 ('16): 971; 63 ('19): Nov. 29, p. 31 (portraits);
72 ('22): 38.
Lond. Mer., 3 ('21): 441.
New Repub. 6 ('16): 178.
No. Am. 207 ('18): 257, 736.
Poetry, 6 ('15): 32; 9 ('17): 207; 10 ('17): 149; 13 ('18): 97;
15 ('20): 332.
Sewanee R. 28 ('20): 37.
Spec. 125 ('20): 744.
Touchstone, 2 ('18): 416; 7 ('20): 219.

+George Barr McCutcheon+ (1866)--novelist.

The creator of Graustark. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Percy (Wallace) Mackaye+--dramatist, poet.

Born in New York City, 1875, son of Steele Mackaye, dramatist and manager. A.B., Harvard, 1897. Traveled in Europe, 1898-1900, studying at the University of Leipzig, 1899-1900. Taught in private school in New York, 1900-04. Joined the colony at Cornish, New Hampshire, 1904. Since then has been engaged chiefly in dramatic work.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Fenris the Wolf. 1905. (Tragedy.)
The Scarecrow. 1908. (Also, Dickinson, _Chief Contemporary Dramatists_.
1915.)
The Playhouse and the Play. 1909. (Essays.)
A Garland to Sylvia. 1910. (Comedy.)
Anti-Matrimony. 1910. (Satirical comedy.)
Tomorrow. 1911. (Play.)
Yankee Fantasies. 1912. (One act plays.)
The Civic Theatre. 1912.
Sinbad the Sailor. 1912. (Lyric drama.)
A Thousand Years Ago. 1914. (Comedy.)
The Immigrants. 1915. (Lyric drama.)
A Substitute for War. 1915. (Essay.)
*Poems and Plays. 1916.
American Conservation Hymn. 1917.
The Community Drama. 1917. (Essay.)
Washington. 1919. (Ballad-play.)
Rip Van Winkle. 1919. (Folk-opera.)
Dogtown Common. 1921. (Verse.)

For full bibliography see _Cambridge_, III (IV), 770.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Am. M. 71 ('10): 121 (portrait).
Bookm. 25 ('07): 230 (portrait), 231; 32 ('10): 256 (portrait only);
39 ('14): 376 (portrait); 47 ('18): 395.
Craftsman, 26 ('14): 139 (portrait)=R. of Rs. 49 ('14): 749 (condensed);
30 ('16): 483.
Cur. Op. 60 ('16): 408.
Everybody's, 40 ('19): 29.
Harv. Grad. M. 17 ('09): 599 (portrait).
No. Am. 199 ('14): 290.
Survey, 35 ('16): 508.
World Today, 17 ('09): 997 (portrait).

+(Charles) Edwin Markham+--poet.

Born at Oregon City, Oregon, 1852. Went to California, 1857. Worked at farming, blacksmithing, and herding cattle and sheep during boyhood. Educated at San José Normal School and at Christian College, Santa Rosa. Principal and superintendent of schools in California until 1899. Made famous by the publication of _The Man with the Hoe_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Man with the Hoe, and Other Poems. 1899.
The Man with the Hoe, with Notes by the Author. 1900.
Lincoln, and Other Poems. 1901.
California the Wonderful. 1914.
The Children in Bondage. 1914. (Study of child labor problem.)
The Shoes of Happiness and Other Poems. 1915.
The Gates of Paradise. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Arena, 27 ('02): 391; 35 ('06): 143, 146.
Bookm. 27 ('08): 267; 37 ('13): 300; 41 ('15): 397.
Cur. Lit. 29 ('00): 1 (portrait), 16; 42 ('07): 317 (portrait).
Poetry, 6 ('15): 308.
R. of Rs. 30 ('04): 622 (portrait).

+Jeannette(Augustus) Marks+--novelist, dramatist.

Born at Chattanooga, Tennessee, 1875. A.B., Wellesley, 1900; A.M., 1903. Studied in England. Associate professor of English literature at Mt. Holyoke, 1901-10, and lecturer since 1913, where she introduced Poetry Shop Talks by writers to students. Her most interesting work has been based upon Welsh material, which she obtained by walking several summers with a knapsack in Wales. In 1911, two of Miss Marks's one-act Welsh plays (_The Merry, Merry Cuckoo_, and _Welsh Honeymoon_) were given first prize in the Welsh National Theatre competition, notwithstanding the fact that the prize was offered for a three-act play.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Cheerful Cricket and Others. 1907.
Through Welsh Doorways. 1909.
The End of a Song. 1911.
Gallant Little Wales. Sketches of its People, Places, and Customs. 1912.
Leviathan: the Record of a Struggle and a Triumph. 1913.
*Three Welsh Plays: The Merry, Merry Cuckoo; the Deacon's Hat; Welsh
Honeymoon. 1917.
Courage. 1919. (Essays.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 33 ('11): 116 (portrait); 44 ('17): 569 (portrait).
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1913-4, 1917, 1919.

+Donald (Robert Perry) Marquis (Don Marquis)+--humorist, "columnist,"
poet.

Born at Walnut, Illinois, 1878. Newspaper man, conductor of the column called "The Sun Dial" in the _New York Evening Sun_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Danny's Own Story. 1912.
Dreams and Dust. 1915. (Poems.)
The Cruise of the Jasper B. 1916.
*Hermione and her Little Group of Serious Thinkers. (Satire.) 1916.
*Prefaces. 1919.
Carter and Other People. 1921.
Noah an' Jonah an' Cap'n John Smith. 1921.
The Old Soak, and Hail and Farewell. 1921.
Poems and Portraits. 1922.
Sonnets to a Red-Haired Lady and Famous Love Affairs. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Am. M. 84 ('17): Sept., p. 18 (portrait).
Bookm. 42 ('15): 365 (portrait), 460.
Cur. Op. 67 ('19): 119.
Everybody's, 42 ('20): Jan., p. 29 (portrait).
Outlook, 124 ('20): 289; 126 ('20): 100. (Portraits.)

+Edward Sandford Martin+--satirist, man of letters.

Born at Owasco, New York, 1856. A.B., Harvard, 1877. Honorary higher degrees. Admitted to the Rochester bar, 1884. Editorial writer for _Life_ nearly thirty years, for _Harper's Weekly_ about fifteen years, and for other periodicals.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Sly Ballades in Harvard China. 1882.
*A Little Brother of the Rich. 1890. (Verses.)
Pirated Poems. 1890.
*Windfalls of Observation. 1893.
Cousin Anthony and I. 1895.
Lucid Intervals. 1900.
Poems and Verses. 1902.
The Luxury of Children, and Other Luxuries. 1904.
The Courtship of a Careful Man. 1905.
In a New Century. 1908.
Reflections of a Beginning Husband. 1913.
The Unrest of Women. 1913.
The Diary of a Nation. 1917.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Am. M. 71 ('11): 728 (portrait).
Bookm. 28 ('08): 301 (portrait), 324.
Critic, 42 ('03): 233 (portrait).
Harp. W. 48 ('04): 1995 (portrait).
Outlook, 90 ('08): 707 (portrait).

+George Madden Martin (Mrs. Attwood R. Martin)+--story writer.

Born at Louisville, Kentucky, 1866. Educated in the Louisville public schools, finishing at home on account of ill health. Made her reputation by her study of a little Kentucky girl in _Emmy Lou--Her Book and Heart_, 1902. For complete bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Outlook, 78 ('04): 287 (portrait).
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1916, 1920.

+Helen Reimensnyder Martin+ (Pennsylvania, 1868)--novelist.

Writes about the Pennsylvania Dutch. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Edgar Lee Masters+--poet.

Born at Garnett, Kansas, 1868, but brought up in Illinois. His schooling was desultory, but he read widely. Studied one year at Knox College; learned Greek, which influenced him strongly.

Studied law in his father's office at Lewiston, and practiced there for a year. Then went to Chicago where he became a successful attorney and also took an active part in politics.

Mr. Masters' fame was established by the _Spoon River Anthology_, which was suggested by _The Greek Anthology_. With this Mr. Masters had become familiar as early as 1909, through Mr. William Marion Reedy. _The Spoon River Anthology_ first appeared in _Reedy's Mirror_, under the significant pseudonym, "Webster Ford."

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Begin with _The Spoon River Anthology_. (Cf. the preface to _Toward the Gulf_.) How much does it owe to its model? to other literary sources? to the central Illinois environment in which the author grew up? What are its most conspicuous merits and defects? How do you explain each?

2. Test the sketches by your own experience of small town life. Which seem to you truest to individual character and most universal in type?

3. Compare similar sketches of personalities by Edwin Arlington Robinson, which Mr. Masters had not read until after his book was published.

4. Consider how far Mr. Masters has achieved his avowed purpose "to analyze society, to satirise society, to tell a story, to expose the machinery of life, to present a working model of the big world"; to create beauty, and to depict "our sorrows and hopes, our religious failures, successes and visions, our poor little lives, rounded by a sleep, in language and figures emotionally tuned to bring all of us closer together in understanding and affection."

5. How do you explain the sudden popularity of the _Anthology_? What are its chances of becoming a classic?

6. Read one of Mr. Masters' later volumes and compare it with the _Anthology_ as to merits and defects.

7. Mr. Masters has always been a great reader. Trace, as far as you can, the influence of the following authors: Homer; the Bible; Poe; Keats; Shelley; Swinburne; Browning.

8. Draw parallels between his work and the work of (1) Edwin Arlington Robinson, q.v., (2) of Robert Frost, q.v., (3) of Vachel Lindsay, q.v., and (4) of Carl Sandburg, q.v.

9. An interesting study might be made of the effects of Mr. Masters' legal training upon his poetry.

10. Compare _Children of the Market Place_ with the _Anthology_ or _Domesday Book_. Is Mr. Masters more successful as poet or as novelist?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Book of Verses. 1898.
Maximilian. 1902. (Drama in blank verse.)
The New Star Chamber and Other Essays. 1904.
Blood of the Prophets. 1905.
Althea. 1907. (Play.)
The Trifler. 1908. (Play.)
*The Spoon River Anthology. 1915.
Songs and Satires. 1916.
The Great Valley. 1916.
Toward the Gulf. 1918.
Starved Rock. 1919.
Domesday Book. 1920.
Mitch Miller. 1920. (Boy's story.)
The Open Sea. 1921.
Children of the Market Place. 1922. (Novel.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Boynton.
Lowell.
Untermeyer.

Ath. 1916, 2: 323, 520.
Bookm. 41 ('15): 355, 432; 44 ('16): 264 (Kilmer); 47 ('18): 262.
(Phelps.)
Bookm. (Lond.) 49 ('16): 187; 52 ('17): 153.
Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 11.
Cur. Op. 58 ('15): 356; 60 ('16): 127.
Dial, 60 ('16): 415, 498; 61 ('16): 528.
Forum, 55 ('16): 109, 118, 121.
Ind. 88 ('16): 533 (portrait).
Lit. Digest, 52 ('16): 564 (portrait).
Lond. Times, Apr. 13, 1917: 173; May 19, 1921: 318.
New Repub. 20 ('19): supp. 10.
New Statesman, 6 ('16): 332; 7 ('16): 593.
Poetry, 6 ('15): 145; 8 ('16): 148; 9 ('17): 202; 12 ('18): 150;
16 ('20): 151.
R. of Rs. 51 ('15): 758 (portrait).
So. Atlan. Q. 16 ('17): 155.
Touchstone, 3 ('18): 172.

+(James) Brander Matthews+--critic, man of letters.

Born at New Orleans, 1852. A.B., Columbia, 1871, LL.B., 1873, A.M., 1874. Many honorary higher degrees. Admitted to the bar in 1873, but took up writing. Professor at Columbia since 1892.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Theatres of Paris. 1880.
French Dramatists of the Nineteenth Century. 1881.
In Partnership; Studies in Story-Telling. 1884. (With H.C. Bunner.)
With My Friends; Tales Told in Partnership. 1891.
The Story of a Story and Other Stories. 1893.
Studies of the Stage. 1894.
Vignettes of Manhattan. 1894.
Aspects of Fiction. 1896.
Outlines in Local Color. 1898.
The Historical Novel. 1901.
The Philosophy of the Short Story. 1901.
A Study of the Drama. 1910.
Vistas of New York. 1912.
A Book about the Theatre. 1916.
These Many Years. Recollections of a New Yorker. 1917.
The Principles of Playmaking. 1919.
Essays on English. 1921.

For complete bibliography, cf. _Who's Who in America_ and _Cambridge_, III (IV), 771.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Halsey.

Bk. Buyer, 22 ('21): 15 (portrait).
Bookm. 31 ('10): 117.
Forum, 39 ('08): 377.
Ind. 69 ('10): 1085 (portrait).
Internat. Q. 4 ('01): 289.
Outlook, 78 ('04): 879 (portrait); 102 ('12): 645 (portrait), 649;
117 ('17): 640. (Lyman Abbott.)
Putnam's, 1 ('07): 708 (portrait).
Spec. 106 ('11): 969; 114 ('15): 686.

+H(enry) L(ouis) Mencken+--critic, man of letters.

Born at Baltimore, Maryland, 1880, of German ancestry. Graduate of Baltimore Polytechnic, 1896. On the Baltimore _Herald_, 1903-5, and _Baltimore Sun_, 1906-17. Became literary critic for _The Smart Set_, 1908, and (with George Jean Nathan), editor, 1914--. War correspondent in Germany and Russia, 1917. Much interested in music.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ventures Into Verse. 1903.
George Bernard Shaw, His Plays. 1905.
The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. 1908.
Men vs. the Man. 1910. (With R.R. LaMonte.)
The Artist. 1912.
Europe After 8:15. 1914. (With George Jean Nathan, q.v., and Willard
Huntingdon Wright.)
A Book of Burlesques. 1916.
A Little Book in C Major. 1916.
A Book of Prefaces. 1917.
In Defense of Women. 1918.
Damn: a Book of Calumny. 1918.
The American Language. 1919. (Revised ed., 1922.)
Prejudices: First Series. 1919.
The American Credo; a Contribution toward the Interpretation of the
National Mind. 1920. (With George Jean Nathan, q.v.)
Prejudices: Second Series. 1920.
Heliogabalus, a Buffoonery in Three Acts. 1920. (With George Jean
Nathan, q.v.)
Prejudices: Third Series.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Hatteras, O.A.J. Pistols for Two. 1917.
Rascoe, Burton, and Others (Vincent O'Sullivan, q.v., and F.C.
Henderson). H.L. Mencken. Brief Appreciations and a Bibliography.
1920.

Ath. 1920, 1: 10.
Bookm. 41 ('15): 46 (portrait), 56; 53 ('21): 79; 54 ('22): 551
(portrait).
Cur. Op. 66 ('19): 391 (portrait); 71 ('21): 360.
Dial, 68 ('20): 267.
Freeman, 1 ('20): 88.
Liv. Age, 303 ('19): 798.
New Repub. 21 ('20): 239; 26 ('21): 191; 27 ('21): 10.
Little Review, 5 ('18): Jan., p. 10.
New Statesman, 14 ('20): 748.

+George Middleton+--dramatist.

Born at Paterson, New Jersey, 1880. A.B., Columbia, 1902. Married Fola La Follette, 1911. Literary editor of _La Follette's Weekly_, 1912--.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

*Embers; with The Failures, The Gargoyle, In His House, Madonna, The
Man Masterful: One-Act Plays of Contemporary Life. 1911.
Tradition, with On Bail, Their Wife, Waiting, The Cheat of Pity, and
Mothers: One-Act Plays of Contemporary Life, 1913.
Nowadays; a Contemporaneous Comedy. 1914.
Criminals; a One-Act Play about Marriage. 1915.
Back of the Ballot; a Woman Suffrage Farce in One Act. 1915.
Possession, with The Groove, The Unborn, Circles, A Good Woman, The
Black-Tie: One-Act Plays of Contemporary Life. 1915.
The Road Together; a Contemporaneous Drama in Four Acts. 1916.
Masks, Jim's Beast, Tides, Among the Lions, The Reason, The House:
One-Act Plays of Contemporary Life. 1920. (With Guy Bolton.)

For bibliography of unpublished work, see _Who's Who in America_.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 51 ('20): 472.
Cur. Op. 56 ('14): 376 (portrait); 68 ('20): 783 (portrait).
Freeman, 1 ('20): 449.
Nation, 110 ('20): 693.
New Repub. 24 ('20): 26.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1913-6, 1920.

+Lloyd Mifflin+--poet.

Born at Columbia, Pennsylvania, 1846. Son of an artist. Educated at Washington Classical Institute and by tutors. Studied art with his father and in Germany and Italy. Began as a painter, but later turned to poetry. Is best known for his sonnets, the form in which most of his poetry is written. These may be studied in his _Collected Sonnets_, 1905 (revised edition, 1907), although several volumes have been published since then.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Cur. Lit. 39 ('05): 106 (portrait).
Dial, 40 ('06): 125; 47 ('09): 100.
Nation, 81 ('05): 17, 508.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1905.

+Edna St. Vincent Millay+--poet, dramatist.

Born at Rockland, Maine, 1892. A.B., Vassar, 1917. Connected with the Provincetown players both as dramatist and as actress.

Miss Millay's first poem, "Renascence," was published in _The Lyric Year_, 1912.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. The poems need to be read aloud to give the full effect of their passion and lyric beauty.

2. Compare Miss Millay's naïveté with that of Blake. Do you find suggestions of philosophy behind it or sheer emotion?

3. Does Miss Millay's later work show growth toward greatness or toward sophisticated cleverness?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Renascence and other Poems. 1917.
A Few Figs from Thistles: Poems and Four Sonnets. 1920.
Aria da Capo. 1920. (Play; published in _The Monthly Chapbook_, 1920.)
Second April. 1921.
The Lamp and the Bell. 1921. (Play.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Freeman, 1 ('20): 307; 4 ('21): 189.
Poetry, 13 ('18): 167; 19 ('21): 151.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1918, 1921.

+Enos A(bijah) Mills+--Nature writer.

Born near Kansas City, Kansas, 1870. Self-educated. Worked on a ranch fourteen years. Foreman in a mine. Went to the Rocky Mountains early in life. Built a home on Long's Peak, Colorado, 1886. Has explored the Rocky Mountains extensively, alone, on foot, and without firearms. Colorado "snow observer" for Government, 1907, 1908.

Mr. Mills has done valuable work for the protection of wild animals and flowers and for the establishment of national parks. His work belongs with that of Thoreau, Burroughs, and Muir (by whom he was influenced to continue it) for its freshly observed Nature content.

Among his best-known books are, perhaps, _The Story of a Thousand Year Pine_, 1914, and _The Story of Scotch_, 1916 (dog story).

For complete bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 51 ('20): 103.
Lit. Digest, 55 ('17): July 14, p. 44.
Sunset, 38 ('17): 40 (portrait).

+Philip Moeller+--dramatist.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Helena's Husband. 1916.
Madame Sand; a Biographical Comedy. 1917.
Five Somewhat Historical Plays. 1918. (Helena's Husband; A Road-house
in Arden; Sisters of Susannah; The Little Supper; Pokey.)
(Burlesques.)
Two Blind Beggars and One Less Blind; a Tragic Comedy in One Act. 1918.
Molière; a Romantic Play in Three Acts. 1919.
Sophie, a Comedy. 1919. (Prologue by Carl Van Vechten.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

See _Book Review Digest_, 1918, 1920.

+Harriet Monroe+ (Illinois)--critic, poet.

Editor of _Poetry_, 1912--. Compiler of _The New Poetry; an Anthology_ (with Alice Corbin, q.v.), 1917. For bibliography of her poems, cf. _Who's Who in America_.

+Marianne Moore+--poet.

Her reputation was established by her poems in _Others_, 1916, 1917, 1919, and in the _Dial_ and _Poetry_ (_passim_). Her first volume, _Poems_, was published in 1921. Cf. _Poetry_, 20 ('22): 208.

+Paul Elmer More+--critic, man of letters.

Born at St. Louis, 1864. A.B., Washington University, 1887; A.M., 1892; Harvard, 1893. Honorary higher degrees. Taught Sanskrit at Harvard, 1894-5; Sanskrit and classical literature at Bryn Mawr, 1895-7. Literary editor of _The Independent_, 1901-3; _New York Evening Post_, 1903-9. Editor of _The Nation_, 1909-14.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Century of Indian Epigrams; Chiefly from the Sanskrit of Bhartrihari.
1898.
The Jessica Letters, an Editor's Romance. 1904. (With Mrs. L.H. Harris.)
*Shelburne Essays, (11 volumes.) 1904-21.
Nietzsche. 1912.
Platonism. 1917.
The Religion of Plato. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Pattee.

Acad. 80 ('11): 353.
Ath. 1909, 1: 67; 1920, 1: 703.
Bookm. (Lond.) 44 ('13): 256; 58 ('20): 207.
Critic, 45 ('04): 395 (portrait).
Cur. Op. 55 ('13): 126.
Ind. 65 ('08): 1337 (portrait).
Outlook, 81 ('05): 678.
Philos. R. 26 ('17): 409.
Putnam's, 1 ('07): 716 (portrait) 752.
Review, 2 ('20): 54.
R. of Rs. 60 ('19): 190 (portrait).
Sat. Rev. 132 ('21): 323.
Sewanee R. 26 ('18): 63.
Spec. 116 ('16): 632; 125 ('20): 113.

+Christopher (Darlington) Morley+--essayist, poet.

Born at Haverford, Pennsylvania, 1890. A.B., Haverford College, 1910. Rhodes Scholar at Oxford, 1910-13. Editorial staff Doubleday, Page and Company, 1913-17; _Ladies Home Journal_, 1917-18; _Philadelphia Evening Public Ledger_, 1918-20. In 1920, began his column, "The Bowling Green" in the _New York Evening Post_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Eighth Sin. 1912.
Parnassus on Wheels. 1917.
Songs for a Little House. 1917.
Shandygaff. 1918.
The Rocking Horse. 1919.
The Haunted Book Shop. 1919.
In the Sweet Dry and Dry. 1919. (+With Bart Haley.+)
Mince Pie. 1919.
Travels in Philadelphia. 1920.
Kathleen. 1920.
Hide and Seek. 1920. (Poems.)
Chimneysmoke. 1921.
Modern Essays. 1921. (Compilation.)
Plum Pudding. 1921.
Tales from a Roll-Top Desk. 1921.
Where the Blue Begins. 1922.
Thursday Evening. 1922. (Play.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 46 ('18): 657 (portrait).
Everybody's 42 ('20): Feb., p. 29 (portrait).
Ind. 94 ('18): 412 (portrait).
Lit. Digest, 63 ('19): Oct. 18, p. 27=Liv. Age, 303 ('19): 170.
Outlook, 124 ('20): 202 (portrait).

+George Jean Nathan+--critic, man of letters.

Born at Fort Wayne, Indiana, 1882. A.B., Cornell, 1904. On editorial staff of the _New York Herald_, 1904-6. On the staffs of various magazines, including _Harper's Weekly_, the _Associated Sunday Magazine_, and the _Smart Set_, usually as dramatic critic, 1906-14. With James Huneker (q.v.) dramatic critic for _Puck_, 1915-6. Dramatic critic for the National Syndicate of Newspapers since 1912. Editor since 1914 of _The Smart Set_ (with H.L. Mencken, q.v.).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Europe After 8:15. 1914. (With H.L. Mencken, q.v., and Willard
Huntingdon Wright.)
Another Book on the Theatre. 1916.
Bottoms Up. 1917.
Mr. George Jean Nathan Presents. 1917.
A Book Without a Title. 1918.
The Popular Theatre. 1918.
Comedians All. 1919.
Heliogabalus. 1920. (With H.L. Mencken, q.v.)
The American Credo. 1920. (With H.L. Mencken, q.v.).
The Theatre, the Drama, the Girls. 1921.
The Critic and the Drama. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Hatteras, O.A.J. Pistols for Two. 1917.

Bookm. 43 ('16): 282 (portrait only); 53 ('21): 163.
Cur. Op. 63 ('17): 95 (portrait).
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1920.

+Robert Nathan+--novelist.

Author of: Peter Kindred. 1919.
Autumn. 1921.

Cf. _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1921.

+John G(neisenau) Neihardt+--poet.

Born at Sharpsburg, Illinois, 1881. Finished scientific course at Nebraska Normal College, 1897; Litt. D., University of Nebraska, 1917. Lived among the Omaha Indians, 1901-7, studying them and their folk lore. Has worked many years on an American epic cycle of pioneer life. Shared with Gladys Cromwell (q.v.) the prize of the Poetry Society of America, 1919.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Bundle of Myrrh. 1907.
Man-Song. 1909.
The River and I. 1910.
The Dawn-Builder. 1911.
The Stranger at the Gate. 1912.
The Death of Agrippina. 1913. (Also in _Poetry_, 2 ['13]:33.)
Life's Lure. 1914.
The Song of Hugh Glass. 1915.
The Quest. 1916. (Collected lyrics.)
*The Song of Three Friends. 1919.
The Splendid Wayfaring. 1920.
The Two Mothers. 1921. (Eight Hundred Rubles; Agrippina.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

House, J.T. John G. Neihardt: Man and Poet. 1920.

Bookm. 47 ('18): 395; 49 ('19): 496.
Lit. Digest, 69 ('21): May 14, p. 31 (portrait).
Poetry, 7 ('16): 264; 17 ('20): 94.
Putnam's, 4 ('08): 473, 506 (portrait).
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1920.

+A(lfred) Edward Newton+--essayist.

Born at Philadelphia, 1863. Educated in private schools. Business man. Collector of first editions of books, especially of the eighteenth century.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Amenities of Book-Collecting and Kindred Affections. 1918.
A Magnificent Farce, and Other Diversions of a Book-Collector. 1921.

For reviews, see _Book Review Digest_, 1921.

+Meredith Nicholson+--novelist, man of letters.

Born at Crawfordsville, Indiana, 1866. His reputation was founded upon the novel, _The House of a Thousand Candles_, 1905. He has published also several volumes of essays and studies, beginning with _The Hoosiers_ (National Studies in American Letters), 1900. Note among them _The Valley of Democracy_, 1918, a characterization of the Middle West. For bibliography, cf. _Who's Who In America_.

+Charles Gilman Norris+--novelist.

Brother of Frank Norris, the novelist. Married Kathleen Thompson (cf. Kathleen Norris).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Amateur.
Salt: The Education of Griffith Adams. 1918.
Brass. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 47 ('18): 679.
New Repub. 29 ('21): 48. (Lovett.)
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1918, 1921.

+Kathleen Norris+--novelist.

Born at San Francisco, 1880. Educated privately. Had experience as business woman. Married Charles Gilman Norris (q.v.), 1909.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mother. 1911.
The Rich Mrs. Burgoyne. 1912.
*"Saturday's Child." 1914.
The Story of Julia Page. 1915.
The Heart of Rachael. 1916.
Martie, the Unconquered. 1917.
The Beloved Woman. 1921.
Lucretia Lombard. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Overton.

Bookm. 34 ('11): 437 (portrait); 37 ('13): 109 (portrait).
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1911, 1913-7.

+Grace Fallow Norton+--poet.

Born at Northfield, Minnesota, 1876.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Little Gray Songs from St. Joseph's. 1912.
The Sister of the Wind. 1914.
Roads. 1916.
What is Your Legion? 1916.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Poetry, 5 ('14): 87; 11 ('17): 164.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1912, 1914, 1916.

+Frederick O'Brien+--travel writer.

Mr. O'Brien's account of his experiences in the Marquesas Islands created a literary fashion for the South Sea Islands.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

White Shadows in the South Seas. 1919.
Mystic Isles of the South Seas. 1921.

See _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1921.

+Eugene Gladstone O'Neill+--dramatist.

Born in New York City, 1888. Son of the actor, James O'Neill. Studied at Princeton, 1906-7. Much of the material used in his plays seems to be drawn from or based upon his adventurous experiences between 1907 and 1914. Actor and newspaper reporter. Spent two years at sea. In 1909, is said to have gone on a gold-prospecting expedition in Spanish Honduras (cf. _Gold_). Lived in the Argentine. Threatened tuberculosis gave him his first leisure (cf. _The Straw_). In 1914-5, he studied dramatization at Harvard. In 1918, when he married, he went to live in a deserted life-saving station near Provincetown. Associated with the Provincetown Players. In 1920, his _Beyond the Horizon_ was given the Pulitzer Prize.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. What effect has Mr. O'Neill's life experience had upon the quality of his plays?

2. What evidence of originality do you find in his (1) themes, (2) background, and (3) technique?

3. Consider the influence of Joseph Conrad (cf. Manly and Rickert, _Contemporary British Literature_) upon O'Neill. Read especially _The Nigger of the "Narcissus."_

4. How has Mr. O'Neill been influenced by the plays of John Millington Synge?

5. What do you make of the fact that Mr. O'Neill has struck out in various directions instead of working a particular vein?

6. What reasons do you find for the common opinion that he is our most promising dramatist? What limitations or weaknesses do you think may interfere with his development? Do you think he will become a great dramatist?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Thirst, and Other One-Act Plays. 1914. (The Web, Warnings, Fog,
Recklessness.)
Before Breakfast. 1916.
The Moon of the Caribbees, and Other Plays of the Sea. 1919. (Bound
East for Cardiff; The Long Voyage Home; In the Zone; Ile; Where the
Cross is Made; The Rope.)
*Chris Christopherson. 1919. (Produced as Anna Christie, quoted with
illustrations, Cur. Op. 72 ['22]: 57.)
*Beyond the Horizon. 1920.
Gold. 1920.
The Emperor Jones; Diff'rent; The Straw. 1921.
The Hairy Ape; Anna Christie; The First Man. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 53 ('21): 511; 54 ('22): 463.
Century, 103 ('22): 351 (portrait).
Cur. Op. 65 ('18): 159 (portrait); 68 ('20): 339.
Everybody's, 43 ('20): July, p. 49 (portrait).
Freeman, 1 ('20): 44.
Ind. 105 ('21): 158 (portrait).
Nation, 113 ('21): 626.
New Repub. 25 ('21): 173.
Theatre Arts M. 4 ('20): 286; 5 ('21): 174 (portrait only).

+James Oppenheim+--novelist, short-story writer, poet.

Born at St. Paul, Minnesota, 1882. Two years later his family moved to New York, where he has lived ever since. Special student at Columbia, 1901-3. Has done settlement work, as assistant head worker of the Hudson Guild Settlement. Superintendent of the Hebrew Technical School for Girls, 1904-7. In 1916-7 edited the magazine, _The Seven Arts_ (cf. _Poetry_, 9 ['16-'17]: 214).

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. The following influences have entered largely into Oppenheim's work: Whitman, the Bible, and the theories of psycho-analysis developed by Freud and Jung. Without considering these, no fair estimate of the value of his work can be reached.

2. In what respects does his poetry reflect the Oriental temperament?

3. What strength do you find in his work? what weakness?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Doctor Rast. 1909. (Short stories.)
Monday Morning and Other Poems. 1909.
Wild Oats. 1910. (Novel.)
The Pioneers. 1910. (Poetic play.)
*Pay-Envelopes. 1911. (Short stories.)
The Nine-Tenths. 1911. (Novel.)
The Olympian: A Story for the City. 1912.
Idle Wives. 1914.
*Songs for the New Age. 1914.
The Beloved. 1915.
War and Laughter. 1916. (Poems.)
The Book of Self. 1917. (Poems.)
Night. 1918. (Poetic drama in one act.)
*The Solitary. 1919. (Poems.)
The Mystic Warrior. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Acad. 89 ('15): 218.
Bookm. 30 ('09): 322 (portrait), 393.
Dial, 67 ('19): 301.
Ind. 88 ('16): 533 (portrait).
Nation, 109 ('19): 441.
New Statesman, 6 ('16): 332.
Outlook, 102 ('12): 207 (portrait).
Poetry, 5 ('14): 88; 11 ('18): 219; 16 ('20): 49; 20 ('22): 216.
R. of Rs. 47 ('13): 243 (portrait)

+Vincent O'Sullivan+--novelist.

Of American birth, but has lived many years in England. His work published in the time of the _Yellow Book_ was especially admired by the English critic, Edward Garnett, who maintained that Mr. O'Sullivan should rank high among our writers. American editions of _The Good Girl_ and _Sentiment_ were published in 1917.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Book of Bargains. 1896. (With frontispiece by Aubrey Beardsley.)
Poems. 1896.
The Houses of Sin. 1897. (Poems.)
Green Window. 1899.
A Dissertation upon Second Fiddles. 1902.
Human Affairs. 1905.
The Good Girl. 1912.
Sentiment and Other Stories. 1913.

See _Book Review Digest_, 1917.

+Thomas Nelson Page+--novelist, short-story writer.

Born on a Virginia plantation, 1853. Studied a short time at Washington and Lee University. Many higher honorary degrees. Practiced law in Richmond, Virginia, 1875-93. Ambassador to Italy, 1913-9.

Mr. Page is one of the pioneer writers in negro dialects. His first collection of short stories, _In Ole Virginia_, 1887, is his best-known work.

For bibliography, see _Cambridge_, III (IV), 668. For biography and criticism, see Halsey, Harkins, Pattee, Toulmin, and the _Book Review Digest_, especially for 1906, 1909, 1913.

+Josephine Preston Peabody (Mrs. L.S. Marks)+--poet, dramatist.

Born in New York City. Educated at Girls' Latin School, Boston, and at Radcliffe, 1894-6. Instructor in English at Wellesley College, 1901-3. Her play _The Piper_ obtained the Stratford-on-Avon prize in 1910. Died in 1922.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Wayfarers--A Book of Verse. 1898.
Fortune and Men's Eyes--New Poems with a Play. 1900.
Marlowe, a Drama. 1901.
The Singing Leaves. 1903.
Pan--A Choric Idyl. 1904.
The Wings. 1905. (Play.)
The Book of the Little Past. 1908.
The Piper. 1909. (Play.)
The Singing Man. 1911. (Poems.)
The Wolf of Gubbio. 1913. (Play.)
Harvest Moon. 1916. (War poems.)
The Chameleon. 1917.
Portrait of Mrs. W. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Eaton, W.P. Plays and Players, 1916.
Moses.
Rittenhouse.

Bk. Buyer, 21 ('00): 9 (portrait).
Bookm. 32 ('10): 7 (portrait); 47 ('18): 550.
Critic, 40 ('02): 14 (portrait).
Cur. Lit. 49 ('10): 435 (portrait).
New Eng. M. n.s. 33 ('05): 426; 39 ('08): 225 (portrait), 236;
42 ('10): 270 (portrait).
Poetry, 9 ('17): 269.

+Bliss Perry+--critic.

Born at Williamstown, Massachusetts, 1860. A.B., Williams, 1881; A.M., 1883. Studied at the universities of Berlin and Strassburg. Honorary higher degrees. Professor of English at Williams College, 1886-93; at Princeton, 1893-1900. Editor of the _Atlantic Monthly_, 1899-1909. Professor of English literature at Harvard, 1907--. Harvard lecturer at University of Paris, 1909-10.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Broughton House. 1890.
Salem Kittredge, and Other Stories. 1894.
The Plated City. 1895.
The Powers at Play. 1899. (Short stories.)
A Study of Prose Fiction. 1902.
The Amateur Spirit. 1904.
Park St. Papers. 1909.
The American Mind. 1912.
The American Spirit in Literature. 1918.
The Study of Poetry. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 12 ('00): 359, 362 (portrait); 36 ('12): 443.
Dial, 70 ('21): 347.
Lit. W. 30 ('99): 264.
Outlook, 78 ('04): 880 (portrait); 102 ('12): 648.
R. of Rs. 34 ('06): Dec., p. 758; 46 ('12): Dec., p. 749. (Portraits.)
Spec. 110 ('13): 809.

+William Lyon Phelps+--critic.

Born at New Haven, Connecticut, 1865. A.B., Yale, 1887; Ph.D. 1891; A.M., Harvard, 1891. Instructor in English literature at Yale, 1892-6, assistant professor of the English language and literature, 1896-1901; Lampson professor since 1901. Deacon in the Baptist Church.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Essays on Modern Novelists. 1910.
Essays on Russian Novelists. 1911.
Essays on Books. 1914.
Browning. 1915.
The Advance of the English Novel. 1916.
The Advance of English Poetry. 1918.
Archibald Marshall. 1918.
The Twentieth Century Theatre. 1918.
Reading the Bible. 1919.
Essays on Modern Dramatists. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 41 ('15): 585 (portrait), 587; 31 ('10): 349 (portrait).
Ind. 71 ('11): 815 (portrait).
Lond. Times, Mar. 17, 1910: 95.
Poetry, 14 ('19): 159.
R. of Rs. 45 ('12): 103 (portrait).

+David Pinski+--dramatist.

Born in Russia, 1873. Educated at the University of Berlin, 1897-9. Came to the United States, 1899. Studied at Columbia, 1903-4. President of Pinski-Massel Press. President of Jewish National Workers' Alliance. Socialist-Zionist.

His reputation is based principally upon his five volumes of plays and two of stories in Yiddish, but he has also written in English.

BIBLIOGRAPHY (of works in English)

The Treasure. 1916. (Comedy.)
Three Plays. 1918.
Little Heroes; The Stranger. 1918. (In Goldberg, I., Six Plays of the
Yiddish Theatre. Second Series.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Cambridge.

See also _Book Review Digest_, 1918-20.

+Edwin Ford Piper+ (Nebraska, 1871)--poet.

Mr. Piper's volume, (_Barbed Wire and Other Poems_, 1917) reflects the prairies of the Middle West.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Poetry, 12 ('18): 276.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1917.

+Ernest Poole+--novelist.

Born at Chicago, 1880. A.B., Princeton, 1902. Lived in University Settlement, New York, 1902-5, studying social conditions, especially in connection with child labor, and in the movement to fight tuberculosis. He helped Upton Sinclair (q.v.) gather stockyards material for _The Jungle_. War correspondent in Germany and France, 1914-5. As a socialist, Mr. Poole also worked for a time in Russia with the revolutionaries.

The familiarity with dockyards and dockmen, which is such a striking feature of _The Harbor_, dates back to Mr. Poole's boyhood.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Voice of the Street. 1906.
The Harbor. 1915.
His Family. 1917.
His Second Wife. 1918.
The Village. 1918.
"The Dark People," Russia's Crisis. 1918.
Blind. 1920.
Beggar's Gold. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 41 ('15): 115 (portrait).
Cur. Op. 58 ('15): 266 (portrait).
Ind. 94 ('18): 229 (portrait).
Mentor, 6 ('18): 7 (portrait).
R. of Rs. 51 ('15): 631 (portrait).
Unpop. R. 6 ('16): 231.
World Today, 18 ('10): 232 (portrait).
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920.

+Ezra (Loomis) Pound+--poet, critic.

Born at Hailey, Idaho, 1885. Of English descent; on his mother's side distantly related to Longfellow. Ph.B., Hamilton College. Fellow of the University of Pennsylvania. Traveled in Spain, in Italy, in Provence, 1906-7; lived in Venice, and finally made his home in England. London editor of _The Little Review_, 1917-9, and foreign correspondent of _Poetry_, 1912-9.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Mr. Pound is an experimenter in verse, who has come under many influences and belonged to many schools. His work should be studied chronologically to discover these changes in interest and relationship. To be noted among the influences are: (1) the mediæval poetry of Provence; (2) the Greek poets; (3) the Latin poets of the Empire; (4) among modern French poets, Laurent Tailhade; (5) the poets of China and Japan, whom he learned to know through the manuscript notes of Ernest Fenollosa; (6) the work of the English Imagists (cf. especially the poems of T.E. Hulme, published in Mr. Pound's volume called _Ripostes_); (7) the work of the Vorticist school of poets and artists (cf. _Blast_, edited by Wyndham Lewis), and the more accessible periodical, _The Egoist_, of which Richard Aldington (cf. Manly and Rickert, _Contemporary British Literature_) is assistant editor.

2. Consider also this from his own theory of poetry: "Poetry is a sort of inspired mathematics, which gives us equations, not for abstract figures, triangles, spheres and the like, but equations for the human emotions. If one have a mind which inclines to magic rather than science, one will prefer to speak of these equations as spells or incantations; it sounds more arcane, mysterious, recondite."

Can this be related to the qualities of Mr. Pound's poetry?

3. After reading Mr. Pound's output, discuss the adequacy of the following: "When content has become for an artist merely something to inflate and display form with, then the petty serves as well as the great, the ignoble equally with the lofty, the unlovely like the beautiful, the sordid as the clean.... Real feeling consequently becomes rarer, and the artist descends to trivialities of observation, vagaries of assertion, or mere _bravado_ of standards and expression--pure tilting at convention."

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Provença: Poems Selected from Personæ, Exultations, and Canzoniere.
1910.
The Spirit of Romance. 1910.
The Sonnets and Ballate of Cavalcanti. 1912. (Translations.)
Ripostes of Ezra Pound, whereto are Appended the Complete Poetical Works
of T.E. Hulme. 1912.
Gaudier Brzeska; a Memoir. 1916.
Lustra of Ezra Pound, with Earlier Poems. 1917.
Noh; or, Accomplishment; a Study of the Classical Stage of Japan. 1917.
(With Ernest F. Fenollosa.)
Pavannes and Divisions. 1918. (Essays and sketches.)
Quia Pauper Amavi. 1919. (English edition.)
Instigations, 1920. (Criticism.)
*Umbra: the Early Poems of Ezra Pound, All That He Now Wishes to Keep
in Circulation from "Personæ," "Exultations," "Ripostes." With
Translations from Guido Cavalcanti and Arnaut Daniel and Poems by
the Late T.E. Hulme. 1920.
Also in: Des Imagistes. 1914.
Poetry. (_Passim._)
The Little Review. (_Passim._)

Cf. also Ezra Pound, his Metric and Poetry. 1917. (Bibliography, p. 29.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Acad. 81 ('11): 354.
Ath. 1911, 2: 238; 1919, 2: 1065, 1132, 1268.
Bookm. 35 ('12): 156; 46 ('18): 577.
Bookm. (Lond.) 36 ('09): 154 (portrait); 52 ('17): 151.
Chapbook, 1-2: May, 1920: 22. (Fletcher.)
Dial, 54 ('13): 370; 69 ('20): 283 (portrait); 72 ('22): 87.
Egoist, 2 ('15): 71; 4 ('17): 7, 27, 44.
Eng. Rev. 2 ('09): 627.
Ind. 70 ('11): 259 (portrait).
Lond. Times, Sept. 20, 1918: 437.
New Repub. 16 ('18): 83.
New Statesman, 8 ('17): 332, 476.
No. Am. 211 ('20): 658. (May Sinclair.)
Poetry, 7 ('16): 249 (Carl Sandburg); 11 ('18): 330; 12 ('18): 221;
14 ('19): 52 (William Gardner Hale); 15 ('20): 211; 16 ('20): 213.

+(John) Herbert Quick+ (Iowa, 1861)--novelist.

Farmer, lawyer, editor of _Farm and Fireside_, 1909-16. Author of _The Fairview Idea_, 1919; and of _Vandemark's Folly_ 1922, which introduces fresh material (canalboat life) into fiction, and also contributes to the literature that deals with the opening up of the middle west.

See _Book Review Digest_, 1919.

+Lizette Woodworth Reese+--poet.

Born at Baltimore, in 1856. Educated in private and public schools. Teacher in Baltimore high school.

Her poems, always conventional in form and limited in ideas, are admired for their simplicity, intensity of emotion, and perfection of technique.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Branch of May. 1887.
A Handful of Lavender. 1891.
A Quiet Road. 1896.
A Wayside Lute. 1909.
Spicewood. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Rittenhouse.
Untermeyer.

+Agnes Repplier+--essayist.

Born at Philadelphia, 1858, of French extraction. Educated at the Sacred Heart Convent, Torresdale, Pennsylvania. Litt. D., University of Pennsylvania, 1902. Has traveled much in Europe. Roman Catholic.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books and Men. 1888.
Points of View. 1891.
Essays in Miniature. 1892.
Essays in Idleness. 1893.
In the Dozy Hours. 1894.
Varia. 1897.
The Fireside Sphinx. 1901.
Compromises. 1904.
In Our Convent Days. 1905.
A Happy Half Century. 1908.
Americans and Others. 1912.
The Cat. 1912. (Compilation.)
Counter Currents. 1915.
Points of Friction. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Halsey. (Women.)
Pattee.

Critic, 45 ('04): 302; 47 ('05): 204. (Portraits).
Lit. Digest, 48 ('14): 827 (portrait).
Lond. Times, Aug. 10, 1916: 378.
New Repub. 7 ('16): 20. (Francis Hackett.)
New Statesman, 7 ('16): 597.
Outlook, 78 ('04): 880 (portrait).
Spec. 117 ('16): 105.

+Alice (Caldwell) Hegan Rice (Mrs. Cale Young Rice)+--novelist.

Born at Shelbyville, Kentucky, 1870. Educated in private schools. One of the founders of the Cabbage Patch Settlement House, Louisville. Uses her own experience in charity work in her books.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch. 1901.
Lovey Mary. 1903.
Sandy. 1905.
Captain June. 1907.
Mr. Opp. 1909.
A Romance of Billy Goat Hill. 1912.
The Honorable Percival. 1914.
Calvary Alley. 1917.
Miss Mink's Soldier and Other Stories. 1918.
Turn About Tales. 1920. (With Cale Young Rice, q.v.)
Quin. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Overton.

Bookm. 29 ('09): 412; 32 ('10): 369.
Bookm. (Lond.) 24 ('03): 158 (portrait), 160.
Outlook, 72 ('02): 802 (portrait); 78 ('04): 282, 286 (portrait).
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1905, 1907, 1909, 1912, 1918.

+Cale Young Rice+ (Kentucky, 1872)--poet, dramatist.

Collected Plays and Poems. 1915.
For later volumes, cf. _Who's Who in America_.

+Lola Ridge+--poet, critic.

Born at Dublin, Ireland, but brought up in Sydney, Australia. As a child, lived also in New Zealand, but studied art in Australia. In 1907 she came to the United States and supported herself for three years by writing fiction for the popular magazines. But finding that this work was going to kill her creative ability, she earned her living in a variety of other ways--as organizer, advertisement writer, illustrator, artist's model, factory worker, etc.--while she wrote poems. Her reputation was made by the publication of _The Ghetto_ in 1918.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Ghetto and Other Poems. 1918.
Sun-up and Other Poems. 1920.
Also in: Others, 1919.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Dial, 66 ('18): 83. (Aiken.)
New Repub. 17 ('18): 76. (Hackett.)
Poetry, 13 ('19): 335; 17 ('21): 332.
See also _Book Review Digest_, 1918, 1920.

+James Whitcomb Riley+--poet.

Born at Greenfield, Indiana, 1853, of Irish and Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry. Educated in the public schools, but received many higher honorary degrees. Died in 1916.

Mr. Riley came to be the representative poet of his native state, the "Hoosier poet," and many of his poems are written in the dialect of Indiana, but his reputation is national. His numerous poems were collected and published in ten volumes, as _Complete Works_, in 1916. For detailed bibliography, cf. _Cambridge_, III (IV), 651.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Cambridge.
Pattee.

Atlan. 118 ('16): 503. (Nicholson.)
Bookm. 20 ('04): 18; 33 ('11): 67 (portrait); 35 ('12): 357 (portrait),
637; 38 ('13): 163 (portrait), 598; 44 ('16): 22 (portraits), 58, 79.
Cur Lit. 41 ('06): 160 (portrait); 57 ('14): 425 (portrait).
Cur. Op. 61 ('16): 196 (portrait).
J. Educ. 84 ('16): 149, 298.
Lit. Digest, 47 ('13): 782; 53 ('16): Aug. 1, pp. 304 (portrait), 408;
51 ('15): 730.
Nation, 97 ('13): 332.
No. Am. 204 ('16): 421.
Outlook, 111 ('15): 249, 273 (portrait), 396; 113 ('16): 778.
R. of Rs. 54 ('16): 327 (portrait).
World's Work, 22 ('11): 14777 (portrait); 25 ('13): 565.
Yale R. n.s. 9 ('20): 395.

+Charles George Douglas Roberts+--novelist, poet, Nature writer.

Born at Douglas, New Brunswick, 1860. Studied at the University of New Brunswick, 1876. Has been a teacher, editor, soldier. In France during the War.

Major Roberts has published many volumes of poems, besides novels and animal stories.

For bibliography, see _Who's Who_ (English). For reviews, see _Book Review Digest_, 1914, 1916, 1919.

+Edwin Arlington Robinson+--poet.

Born at Head Tide, Maine, 1869. Educated at Gardiner, Maine, on the Kennebec River ("Tilbury Town"). Studied at Harvard, 1891-3. Struggled in various ways to make a living in New York, even working in the subway, while publishing his first poems. His _Captain Craig_, 1902, attracted the attention of Roosevelt, who gave the author a position in the New York Custom House, which he held 1905-10. Since then he has been able to give his entire time to poetry.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. A good introduction to Mr. Robinson's work is Miss Lowell's review of his _Collected Works_, in the _Dial_, 72 ('22): 130. Although Miss Lowell's contention that Mr. Robinson is our greatest living poet would be disputed by some critics, her article suggests many points of departure in the study of his very important contribution to American poetry.

2. Divide Mr. Robinson's work into two groups: (1) poems of which the material is based upon literature; (2) those of which it comes from his own life experience. Is it possible to say now which of these two groups has the best chance of long endurance? Can you decide how far literature has had a good effect upon Mr. Robinson's work, and how far it has lessened the value of his poetry?

3. Consider as a group the poems that grow out of Mr. Robinson's New England origin. In what ways is he characteristic of New England? Compare his work with that of Mr. Frost in this respect.

4. Compare and contrast Mr. Robinson's portraits of persons with names as titles with similar portraits in the _Spoon River Anthology_. This type of verse seems to have been developed independently by both poets.

5. An interesting study could be made of the influence on Robinson of Crabbe; another, of the influence of Hardy.

6. Another interesting study might grow out of the consideration of Robinson as a poet born twenty years too soon. How much has the temper of his work been determined by the fact that he had to wait so long for recognition?

7. What are the main features of Mr. Robinson's philosophy as suggested in the poems?

8. Can you find many poems that sing? What is to be said of the poet's mastery of rhythms?

9. After reading the best of Mr. Robinson's work, it is interesting to look up the comments of various admirers of it published on the occasion of his fiftieth birthday, in the _New York Times_, December 21, 1919, or the quotations from this article in _Poetry_, 15 ('20): 265, and to see how far your judgment bears out these extravagant statements.

10. The influence of Robinson's work on younger American poets, especially on Lindsay and Sandburg, makes an interesting study.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Torrent and the Night Before. 1896. (Privately printed.)
The Children of the Night. 1897.
Captain Craig. 1902.
The Town down the River. 1910.
Van Zorn. 1914. (Play.)
The Porcupine. 1915. (Play.)
The Man against the Sky. 1916.
Merlin. 1917.
Lancelot. 1919.
The Three Taverns. 1920.
*Collected Poems. 1921.
Avon's Harvest. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Boynton.
Lowell.
Untermeyer.

Atlan. 98 ('06): 330.
Bk. Buyer, 25 ('02): 429.
Bookm. 45 ('17): 429 (portrait); 47 ('18): 551; 50 ('20): 507;
51 ('20): 457.
Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 1. (Fletcher.)
Dial, 34 ('03): 18; 72 ('22): 130. (Amy Lowell.)
Fortn. 86 ('06): 429.
Forum, 45 ('11): 80; 51 ('14): 305.
Ind. 55 ('03): 446.
Lit. Digest, 64 ('20): Jan. 10: p. 32 (portrait), 40.
Nation, 75 ('02): 465; 111 ('20): 453.
New Eng. M. 33 ('05): 425.
New Repub. 2 ('15): 267; 7 ('16): 96 (Amy Lowell); 23 ('20): 259.
No. Am. 211 ('20): 121.
Outlook, 105 ('13): 736, 744 (portrait); 112 ('16): 786; 123 ('19): 535.
Poetry, 8 ('16): 46; 10 ('17): 211; 15 ('20): 265; 16 ('20): 217;
20 ('22): 278.
Scrib. M. 66 ('19): 763.

+Edwin Meade Robinson+--poet, novelist.

Born at Lima, Indiana, 1879. Not related to Edwin Arlington Robinson. Newspaper man, first on the _Indianapolis Sentinel_, later on the _Cleveland Plain Dealer_, in which he conducts a column. Besides his successful volume of verse, _Piping and Panning_, 1920, Mr. Robinson has published a novel which has attracted attention as an honest record of a growing boy, _Enter Jerry_, 1920. For reviews, see _Book Review Digest_, 1920, 1921.

+Carl Sandburg+--poet.

Born at Galesburg, Illinois, of Swedish stock. Has little schooling but wide experience of life. At thirteen drove a milk wagon, and for the next six years did all kinds of rough work--as porter in a barber shop, scene-shifter, truck-handler in a brickyard, turner apprentice in a pottery, dishwasher in hotels, harvest hand in Kansas.

During the Spanish-American War served as private in Porto Rico.

Studied at Lombard College, Galesburg, 1898-1902, where he was captain of the basket-ball team and editor-in-chief of the college paper.

After leaving college, earned his living in various ways--as advertising manager for a department store, salesman, newspaperman, "safety first" expert. Worked also as district organizer for the Social-Democratic party of Wisconsin and was secretary to the mayor of Milwaukee, 1910-12.

In 1904 he had published a small pamphlet of poems, but his first real appearance before the public was in _Poetry_, 1914. In the same year he was awarded the Levinson prize for his "Chicago." In 1918 he shared with Margaret Widdemer (q.v.) the prize of the Poetry Society of America; and in 1921, shared this with Stephen Vincent Benét (q.v.).

Mr. Sandburg has a good voice and sings his poems to the accompaniment of the guitar.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. In judging Mr. Sandburg's work, it is important to remember that his theory involves complete freedom from conventions of all sorts--in thinking, in metrical form, and in vocabulary. His aim seems to be to reproduce the impressions that all phases of life make upon him.

2. Consider whether his early prairie environment had anything to do with the large scale of his imagination, the appeal to him of enormous periods of time, masses of men, and forces.

3. Do you find elements of universality in his exaggerated localisms? Do they combine to form a definite philosophy?

4. What effect do the eccentricities and crudities of form have upon you? Do you consider them an essential part of his poetic expression or blemishes which he may one day overcome?

5. Do you find elements of greatness in Mr. Sandburg's work? Do you think they are likely to outweigh his obvious defects?

6. Compare and contrast his democratic ideals with those of Lindsay.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chicago Poems. 1916.
Cornhuskers. 1918.
The Chicago Race Riots. 1919.
Smoke and Steel. 1920.
Slabs of the Sunburnt West. 1922.
Rootabaga Stories. 1922. (Children's stories.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Lowell.
Untermeyer.