Cotton is king, and pro-slavery arguments

Chapter XXVI: Appendix (2)

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"'There are very few indeed who arrive here with
sufficient means at once to acquire a farm, or to
enter into business of any kind. The great mass of
them may be called paupers, claiming aid from the
societies through whose agency they are brought
out. Some of these societies hold large tracts of
land, which they sub-divide and sell to new comers
upon long time, but with conditions as to
clearing, residence, etc., that are difficult of
observance. I believe there is much trouble in
carrying out this plan, arising in some measure
from the peculiarities of negro character--a want
of constancy or steadiness of purpose, as well as
from a feeling of distrust as to their having the
land secured to them. If the land is not purchased
from any of these societies, a parcel of ten or
fifteen colored families get together and purchase
and settle upon some other spot.

"While there are instances of colored men
accumulating property here, the great mass of them
fail even in securing a living without charity or
crime. They have but little forethought for the
future, and care only to live lazily in the
present. The criminal records of the county show
that nine-tenths of the offenses are committed by
the colored population, and I think the experience
of every citizen who resides near a settlement
will testify to their depredating habits.

"'I have given you thus hurriedly and
disconnectedly my views on these subjects. They
are important enough to demand more time and
consideration in their discussion, but I believe
the opinions I have advanced you will find shared
in by a large proportion of the residents of the
Province. I am, my dear sir, faithfully yours.'
----- -----.

"In addition to the testimony of the writer of the above communication, my views upon the subject under examination were confirmed by the valuable opinion of the Hon. Colonel Prince, the representative of the county in the Provincial Parliament for a long term of years. Colonel Prince has bestowed much consideration upon the negro question, and he has practical experience of the condition and conduct of the colored population. In June, 1858, in the course of a debate in the Legislative Council, Col. Prince was reported to have spoken as follows:

"'In the county of Essex the greatest curse that befell them was the swarm of blacks that infested that county. They were perfectly inundated with them. Some of the finest farmers of the county of Kent had actually left their beautiful farms, so as not to be near this terrible nuisance. If they looked over the criminal calendars of the country they would see that the majority of names were those of colored people. They were a useless, worthless, thriftless set of people, too lazy and indolent to work, and too proud to be taught. . . . . Were the blacks to swarm the country and annoy them with their rascalities? Honorable gentlemen might speak feelingly for the negroes, but they had never lived among them as he had done. Notwithstanding all that he said about them, they would say, if asked on the subject, that they had no better friend than Col. Prince. But there was no use in trying to get the white man to live with them. It was a thing they would not do. There was a great sympathy always expressed for the black man who escaped from the slave life; but he had lived with them twenty-five years, and had come to the conclusion that the black man was born for servitude, and was not fit for any thing else. He might listen to the morbid philanthropy of honorable gentlemen in favor of the negro; but they might as well try to change the spots of the leopard as to change the character of the blacks. They would still retain their idle and thievish propensities.'

"While Col. Prince claims that he was very inaccurately reported, and that he never said one word in favor of slavery, which he professes to abhor with a holy horror, he yet adheres to the opinion that the colored race is not fit to live and mix in freedom with the whites. He deplores deeply the action of such of his countrymen as improperly interfere in the affairs of the States, and condemns the lawless running off of slaves from the South, and the attempts to raise servile insurrection in the slaveholding States. As a constitutional British gentleman, he reveres the laws, and believes that where they are bad, or where the constitution of a country is unwise, the remedy lies in the power of the people by legal means. He sees the evil effect, morally and socially, of the influx of fugitive slaves into Canada, and would shut them out if he could. He knows that the negroes form an enormous portion of the criminals of his county, and the county of Kent, and he is doubly annoyed that men who come from servitude to freedom should abuse their privileges as the negroes do. He admits that every distinct attempt to make a settlement of negroes self-supporting and prosperous, has failed, and he believes that the negro is not yet fit for self-government, and requires over him a guiding, if not a master's hand.

Col. Prince is a gentleman of the old school--hale, hearty and whole-souled--and does not fear to express the sentiments he entertains.

"The lessons taught by an examination into the action of the Canadian abolitionists, and of the condition and prospects of the fugitive slaves in the Province, should be made useful to the American people. The history of the past proves that Great Britain would gladly destroy the Union of the States, which makes the American republic a leading power among nations. As in days past she sought to accomplish this object through the instrumentality of traitors and of the foes of the Union, so now she seeks aid in her designs from the republican abolition enemies of the confederacy in our own States. The intrigues of the British emissaries in Canada should stay the hand of every man who fancies that in helping to rob the South of its slaves he is performing an act of humanity; for they should teach him that he is but helping on the designs of those who look eagerly to the slavery agitation and the sectional passions engendered thereby, to accomplish a disruption of the Union, and encompass the failure of our experiment of free government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

"Let our merchants and our farmers carefully consider these facts, and then reflect upon what they are required by the abolition agitators to do. To what end are the systematized negro stealing of the North, the attempts to incite insurrection at the South, and their natural results, a dissolution of the Union, to lead? Are we to render New York and the other free States subject to the same deplorable evils as afflict the western counties of Canada? Are our Northern farmers willing to have the value of their lands depreciated, and to subject their crops and stock to constant depredations by inviting here the same class of neighbors that at present deplete whole Canadian townships of their sheep? Unless we desire to accomplish such results, why, under a mistaken idea of charity to the negro, do we take him from a life of usefulness and content at the South to plant him in freedom and suffering at the North? Why do we consent to help forward, directly or indirectly, an agitation that can only incite a disruption of the Union and bring upon us the very evils we deplore?"

IMPORTANT DECISIONS.

Since the volume was in type, the Supreme Court of Ohio has made a decision of great importance to the free colored people. We copy from the _Law Journal_, December, 1859:

"NEGROES AND THE COMMON SCHOOLS.

"The Supreme Court of Ohio, on Tuesday, on a question before them involving the right of _colored_ children to be admitted into the Common Schools of the State, decided that the law of the State interfered with no right of colored children on the subject, and that they were not, therefore, entitled of _right_ to the admission demanded. The following is the reported statement of the case:

"'Enos Van Camp _vs._ Board of Equalization of incorporated village of Logan, Hocking County, Ohio. Error to District Court of Hocking County.

"'Peck J. held:

"'1. That the statute of March 14, 1853, 'to provide for the reorganization, supervision, and maintenance of Common Schools, is a law of _classification_ and not of _exclusion_, providing for the education of _all_ youths within the prescribed ages, and that the words 'white' and 'colored,' as used in said act, are used in their popular and ordinary signification.

"'2. That children of three-eighths African and five-eighths white blood, but who are distinctly colored, and generally treated and regarded as colored children by the community where they reside, are not, _as of right_, entitled to admission into the Common Schools, set apart under said act, for the instruction of white youths.

"'Brinkherhoff, C. J., and Sutliff, J., dissented.'"

(From the Cincinnati Gazette.)

MASSACHUSETTS BLACK MILITIA.

Last Wednesday a bill passed by the Massachusetts Legislature authorizing colored persons to join military organizations, was vetoed by Gov. Banks, on the ground that he believed the chapter in the bill relating to the militia, in which the word "white" was stricken out, to be unconstitutional. In this opinion he is sustained by the Supreme Court and by the Attorney General.

The matter was discussed in the House at some length, and the veto sustained by a vote of 146 to 6.

A new chapter was then introduced on leave, and it being precisely the same as the other, except that the word "white" was restored, it passed the House with but one negative vote.

Under a suspension of the rules the new bill was then sent to the Senate, where, after debate, it was passed by a vote of 11 to 15.

The Governor signed the new bill, and the Legislature adjourned _sine die_.

SOUTH-SIDE VIEWS.

REV. Dr. Fuller, of Baltimore, has written a long letter to Hon. Edward Everett, in regard to the present state of things as regards slavery. We subjoin two or three specimens:--_Cincinnati Gazette._

"In June, 1845, there assembled in Charleston a body of men, representing almost all the wisdom and wealth of South Carolina. There were present, also, delegates from Georgia, and I believe from other States. It was a meeting of the association for the improvement, moral and religious, of the slave population. The venerable Judge Huger presided. Having been appointed to address that large and noble audience, I did not hesitate to speak my whole mind: appealing to masters to imitate the Antonines and other magnanimous Roman Emperors, to become the guardians of their slaves, to have laws enacted protecting them in their relations as husbands and wives and parents; to recognize the rights which the Gospel asserts for servants as well as masters. In a word, I pressed upon them the solemn obligations which their power over these human beings imposed upon them--obligations only the more sacred, because their power was so irresponsible.

"That august assembly not only honored me with their attention, but expressed their approval, the presiding officer concurring most emphatically in the views submitted.

"I need scarcely tell you that no such address would be regarded as wise or prudent at this time. It is not that masters are less engaged in seeking to promote the moral and religious well-being of their servants; but measures which once could have been adopted most beneficially would now only expose master and servant to the baneful influence of fanatical intermeddling.

"If any thing is certain, it is that the Gospel does not recognise hatred, abuse, violence and blood as the means by which good is to be done. The Gospel is a system of love. It assails no established social relations, but it infuses love into the hearts of those who are bound together, and thus unites them in affection."

Again he says:

"I think I speak accurately when I say, that hitherto every sacrifice for the emancipation of slaves has been made by Southern men; and many hundred thousand dollars have been expended in such liberations. The North has wasted large sums for abolition books and lectures; for addresses calculated to inflame the imaginations of women and children, and to mislead multitudes of men--most excellent and pious--but utterly ignorant as to the condition of things at the South. We now find, indeed, that money has been contributed even for the purchase of deadly weapons to be employed against the South, and to enlist the most ferocious passions in secret crusades, compared with which an open invasion by foreign enemies would be a blessing. I believe, however, that not one cent has yet been given to set on foot--or even encourage when proposed--any plausible enterprise for the benefit of the slave."

* * * * *

"I do now believe that the guardianship of a kind master is at this time a great blessing to the African. If emancipation is ever to take place, it will be gradually, and under the mild, but resistless influence of the Gospel. Whether slavery be an evil or not, we at the South did not bring these Africans here--we protested against their introduction. The true friend of the African is at the South, and thousands of hearts there are seeking to know what can be done for the race. There must be some limits to human responsibility, and a man in New England has no more right to interfere with the institutions of Virginia, than he has to interfere with those of England or France. All such interference will be repelled by the master, but it will prove injurious to the slave. Dr. Channing was regarded as a leading abolitionist in his day, but could that noble man now rise up, he would stand aghast at the madness which is rife everywhere on this subject. 'One great principle, which we should lay down as immovably true, is, that if a good work cannot be carried on by the calm, self-controlled, benevolent spirit of Christianity, then the time for doing it has not yet come.' Such was his language, when opposing slavery. Were he now living, the delirious spirit of the day would denounce him, as it denounced Mr. Webster, and now denounces you and every true patriot. Nay, even Mr. Beecher is abused as not truculent enough.

"Jesus saw slavery all around him. Did he seek to employ force? He said 'All power in heaven and earth is given unto me, therefore, go teach, go preach the Gospel.'"

COLORED PEOPLE EMIGRATING FROM LOUISIANA TO HAYTI.

The _New Orleans Picayune_ notices that a vessel cleared from that port on the previous day, having on board eighty-one free colored persons, emigrating to Hayti. The _Picayune_ says:

"These people are all from the Opelousas parishes, and all cultivators--well versed in farming, and in all the mechanical arts connected with a farm. Among them are brickmakers, blacksmiths, wheelwrights, carpenters, etc. Some of them are proficient weavers, who have long been employed making the stuff called Attakapas cottonade, so favorably known in the market. They take along with them the necessary machinery for that trade, and all sorts of agricultural and mechanical implements.

"These eighty-one persons--twenty-four adults and fifty-seven children and youths--compose fourteen families, or rather households, for they are all related, and the eighty-one may be called one family. They are all in easy circumstances, some even rich, one family being worth as much as $50,000. They were all land owners in this State, and have sold out their property with the intention of investing their capital in Hayti."--

_Cincinnati Commercial_, January, 1860.

THE COOLIE TRAFFIC.

It may be well to put upon record one of those extreme cases of hardship and cruelty which necessarily accompany the transportation of laborers to the West Indies, whether under the name of the slave trade, or coolie immigration. The China correspondent of the _New York Journal of Commerce_, of a recent date, says: The Flora Temple, an English vessel, had made all arrangements to secure a full cargo of coolies. They were cheated, inveigled, or stolen, and either taken directly to the ship or else confined in the barracoons in Macao till the ship was ready to sail for Havanna--the crew numbering fifty, and the coolies eight hundred and fifty. The vessel sailed October 8, 1859, when the coolies soon learned their destiny, and resolved to avert it at all hazards. On the morning of the 11th, without weapons of any kind, they rushed upon the guard and killed him. The noise brought the captain and his brother on deck, fully armed with revolvers, who by rapid firing and resolutely pressing forward, drove the miserable wretches below; where, without light and air, they were locked and barred like felons, in a space too limited to permit their living during the long voyage before them. Think of eight hundred and fifty human beings all full grown men, pressed into this contracted, rayless, airless dungeon, in which they were to be deported from China to Havana, all the long way over the China sea, the Indian ocean, and the Atlantic!

On the 14th, the vessel struck upon an unknown reef, a gale of wind in the meantime blowing, and the sea running high. Every effort was made to save the ship by the officers and crew; the poor coolies, battened down beneath the decks, being allowed no chance to aid in saving the ship or themselves. Although the yards were "braced around" and the ship "hove aback," she struck first slightly, and then soon after several times with a tremendous crash, the breakers running alongside very high. Pieces of her timbers and planking floated up on her port side, and after some more heavy thumps she remained apparently immovable. The water rapidly increased in the hold till it reached the "between-decks," where the eight hundred and fifty coolies were confined.

While this was going on, indeed, almost immediately after the ship first struck, the officers and crew very naturally became afraid of the coolies for the treatment they had received, and the captain ordered the boats to be lowered, not to save the coolies in whole or in part, but to preserve himself and crew. These boats, even under favorable circumstances, were not more than sufficient for the officers and crew, showing that no provision had been made for the poor coolies in case of disaster. The boats passed safely through the breakers, leaving the ship almost without motion, all her masts standing, her back broken, and the sea making a clear break over her starboard and quarter.

When the boats left the ship, and steered away, without making an effort to save the eight hundred and fifty coolies, or allowing them to do any thing themselves, with their last look toward the ship they saw that the coolies had escaped from their prison through doors which the concussion had made for them, and stood clustering together, helpless and despairing, upon the decks, and gazing upon the abyss which was opening its jaws to receive them. My friend assures me that he knows these poor creatures were completely imprisoned all the night these terrible occurences were going on, the hatches being "battened down," and made as secure as a jail door under lock and bars.

The ship was three hundred miles from land when it struck, and after fourteen days of toil and struggle, one of the boats only succeeded in reaching Towron, in Cochin-China. The three other boats were never heard of. Here the French fleet was lying; and the admiral at once sent one of his vessels to the fatal scene of the disaster, where some of the wreck was to be seen; but not a _single coolie_! Every one of the _eight hundred and fifty_ had perished.

TABLE I.

FACTS IN RELATION TO COTTON--ITS GROWTH, MANUFACTURE, AND INFLUENCE ON COMMERCE, SLAVERY, EMANCIPATION, ETC., CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED.

| Great Britain Annual Import | United States' Annual |
YEARS. | and Consumption of Cotton, | Exports Cotton to Great |
| from earliest dates to | Britain and Europe |
| 1858, in lbs. | generally. |
--------|-----------------------------|--------------------------|
1641 | Cotton manufacture first | |
| named in English history. | |
| | |
| TOTAL IMPORTS. | |
1697 | 1,976,359 | |
1701 | 1,985,868 | |
1700 |} | |
to |} 1,170,881 | |
1705 |} | |
1710 | 715,008 | |
1720 | 1,972,805 | |
1730 | 1,545,472 | |
1741 | 1,645,031 | 1747-48, 7 bags of |
1751 | 2,976,610 | Cotton were shipped from |
1764 | 3,870,392 | Charleston, S. C., to |
1771 |} | England. |
to |} 6,766,613 | |
1775 |} | 1770, 2,000 lbs. shipped |
1781 | 5,198,778 | from Charleston. |
1782 | 11,828,039 | |
1783 | 9,735,663 | |
1784 | 11,482,083 | 71 bags shipped and |
1785 | 18,400,384 | seized in England, on |
1786 | 19,475,020 | the ground that America |
1787 | 23,250,268 | could not produce so |
1788 | 20,467,436 | much. |
1789 | 32,576,023 | |
1790 | 31,447,605 | |
1791 | 28,706,675 | lbs. 189,316 |
1792 | 34,907,497 | 138,328 |
1793 | 19,040,929 | 500,000 |
1794 | 24,358,567 | 1,601,760 |
1795 | 26,401,340 | 6,276,300 |
1796 | 23,126,357 | 6,100,000 |
1797 | 23,354,371 | 3,800,000 |
1798 | 31,880,641 | 9,330,000 |
1799 | 43,379,278 | 9,500,000 |
1800 | 56,010,732 | 17,789,803 |
1801 | 56,004,305 | 20,900,000 |
1802 | 60,345,600 | 27,500,000 |
1803 | 53,812,284 | 41,900,000 |
1804 | 61,867,329 | 38,900,000 |
1805 | 59,682,406 | 40,330,000 |
1806 | 58,176,283 | 37,500,000 |
1807 | 74,925,306 | 66,200,000 |
1808 | 43,605,982 | 12,000,000 |
1809 | 92,812,282 | 53,200,000 |
1810 | 132,488,935 | 93,900,000 |
1811 | 91,576,535 | 62,200,000 |
1812 | 63,025,936 | 29,000,000 |
1813 | 50,966,000 | 19,400,000 |
1814 | 73,728,000 | 17,800,000 |

==================================================================
Dates of Inventions promoting the growth and manufacture of
Cotton, and of movements to elevate the African race.

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Previous to the invention of the machinery named below, all
carding, spinning, and weaving of wool and cotton had been done
by the use of the hand-cards, one-spindle wheels, and common
hand-looms. The work, for a long period, was performed in
families; but the improved machinery propelled by steam power,
has so reduced the cost of cotton manufactures, that all
household manufacturing has long since been abandoned, and the
monopoly yielded to capitalists, who now fill the world with
their cheap fabrics.

1762. Carding machine invented.
1767. Spinning Jenny invented.
1769. Spinning Roller-frame invented.
" Cotton first planted in the United States.
" Watt's Steam Engine patented.
1775. Mule Jenny invented.
1776. Virginia forbids foreign slave trade.
1780. Emancipation by Pennsylvania and Massachusetts.
1781. Muslins first made in England.
1784. Emancipation by Connecticut and Rhode Island.
1785. Watts' Engine improved and applied to cotton machinery.
First cotton mill erected, 1783.
1785. New York Abolition Society organized.
1786. Carding and spinning machines erected in Massachusetts.
1787. Power Loom invented.
" First Cotton mill erected in Beverly, Massachusetts.
" Pennsylvania Abolition Society formed.
" Slavery excluded from N. W. Territory, including Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois, &c.
1789. Franklin issues an appeal for aid to instruct the free
blacks.
1792. Emancipation by New Hampshire.
1793. Cotton Gin invented.
1799. Emancipation by New York.
1804. Do. New Jersey.
1800. Cotton consumed in the United States, 200,000 lbs.
1801. United States exported to--
France, lbs. 750,000
England 19,000,000
1803. Louisiana Territory acquired, including the region
between the Mississippi river (upper and lower) and
the Mexican line.
1805. United States export to France, 4,500,000 lbs.
1807. Fulton started his steamboat.
1808. Slave trade prohibited by United States and England.
1808. Cotton manufacture established in Boston.
1810. Cotton consumed in United States, 4,000,000 lbs.
1812. Two-thirds of steam engines in Great Britain employed in
cotton spinning, etc.
1813. United States export to France, 10,250,000 lbs.

==================================================================
| Great Britain Annual Import | United States' Annual |
YEARS. | and Consumption of Cotton, | Exports Cotton to Great |
| from earliest times to | Britain and Europe |
| 1858, in lbs. | generally. |
--------|-----------------------------|--------------------------|
1815 | 96,200,000 | 83,000,000 |
1816 | 97,310,000 | 81,800,000 |
1817 | 126,240,000 | 95,660,000 |
| | |
| Total Consumption. | |
1818 | 109,902,000 | 92,500,000 |
1819 | 109,518,000 | 88,000,000 |
1820 | 120,265,000 | 127,800,000 |
1821 | 129,029,000 | 124,893,405 |
1822 | 145,493,000 | 144,675,095 |
1823 | 154,146,000 | 173,723,270 |
1824 | 165,174,000 | 142,369,663 |
1825 | 166,831,000 | 176,449,907 |
1826 | 150,213,000 | 204,535,415 |
1827 | 197,200,000 | 294,310,115 |
1828 | 217,860,000 | 210,590,463 |
1829 | 219,200,000 | 264,837,186 |
1830 | 247,600,000 | 298,459,102 |
1831 | 262,700,000 | 276,979,784 |
1832 | 276,900,000 | 322,215,122 |
1833 | 287,000,000 | 324,698,604 |
1834 | 303,000,000 | 384,717,907 |
1835 | 326,407,692 | 387,358,992 |
1836 | 363,684,232 | 423,631,307 |
1837 | 367,564,752 | 444,211,537 |
1838 | 477,206,108 | 595,952,297 |
1839 | 445,744,000 | 413,624,212 |
1840 | 517,254,400 | 743,941,061 |
1841 | 460,387,200 | 530,204,100 |
1842 | 477,339,200 | 584,717,017 |
1843 | 555,214,400 | 792,297,106 |
1844 | 570,731,200 | 663,633,455 |
1845 | 626,496,000 | 872,905,996 |
1846 | 624,000,000 | 547,558,055 |
1847 | 442,416,000 | 527,219,958 |
1848 | 602,160,000 | 814,274,431 |
1849 | 624,000,000 | 1,026,602,269 |
1850 | 606,000,000 | 635,381,604 |
1851 | 648,000,000 | 927,237,089 |
1852 | 817,998,048 | 1,093,230,639 |
1853 | 746,376,848 | 1,111,570,370 |
1854 | 761,646,704 | 987,833,106 |
1855 | 775,814,112 | 1,008,424,601 |
1856 | 877,225,440 | 1,351,431,827 |
1857 | 837,406,300 | 1,048,282,475 |
1858 | 884,733,696 | 1,118,624,012 |
1859 | | 1,372,755,006 |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
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==================================================================
Great Britain's sources of Cotton supplies other than the |
United States, with total Cotton crop of United States at |
intervals. |
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------|
1815. Peace proclaimed between the United States and Great |
Britain. |
1818. Cotton crop of the U. S., 125,000,000 lbs. |
1821. _Exports_ from-- |
West Indies, lbs. 9,000,000 |
Brazil, 28,000,000 |
India, 50,000,000 |
Turkey and Egypt, 5,500,000 |
Elsewhere, 6,000,000 |
1822. Cotton crop of the U. S., 210,000,000 lbs. |
1828. Cotton crop of the U. S., 325,000,000 lbs. |
_Imports_ by Great Britain from West Indies,-- |
1829. lbs. 4,640,414 |
1830, 3,449,249 |
1831, 2,401,685 |
1834, 2,296,525 |
1832. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |
Brazil, lbs. 20,109,560 |
Turkey and Egypt, 9,113,890 |
East Indies and Mauritius 5,178,625 |
British West Indies. 1,708,764 |
Elsewhere, 964,933 |
1838. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |
Brazil, lbs. 24,464,505 |
East Indies and Mauritius 40,230,064 |
British West Indies, 928,425 |
1840. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |
British West Indies, lbs. 427,529 |
1841. _Imports_ by Great Britain from India, 1835 to 1839, |
annual average, 57,600,000 lbs. |
_Imports_ by Great Britain, 1840 to 1844, during the Chinese |
war, 92,800,000 lbs. |
1845. Do. from Egypt, 32,537,600 lbs. |
1848. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |
West Indies and Demarara, lbs. 3,155,600 |
Brazil and Portuguese Colonies 40,080,400 |
East Indies, 91,004,800 |
_Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |
1849. East Indies, lbs. 72,800,000 |
1850. Do. 123,200,000 |
1852. Do. 84,022,432 |
1853. Do. 180,431,496 |
1854. Do. 119,835,968 |
1855. Do. 145,218,976 |
1856. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |
British East Indies, lbs. 180,496,624 |
Brazil, 21,830,704 |
Egypt, 34,399,008 |
1857. _Imports_ from-- |
Brazil, lbs. 29,910,832 |
Egypt, 24,532,256 |
1858. _Imports_ from Brazil, lbs. 18,617,872 |
Do. Egypt, 38,232,320 |
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==================================================================
Dates of Inventions promoting the growth and manufacture of
Cotton, and of movements to elevate the African race.

------------------------------------------------------------------
1815. Power Loom first used in United States.
1816. First steamboat crossed the British Channel.
1816. Power Loom brought into general use in England.
1817. Colonization Society organized.
1819. Florida annexed.
1820. Slave trade declared piracy by Congress.
1820. Emigrants to Liberia first sent.
1821. Benjamin Lundy published his "Genius of Universal
Emancipation."
1823. United States export to France, 25,000,000 lbs.
1824. Do. do. do. 40,500,000 lbs.
1825. New York and Erie Canal opened.
Production and manufacture of cotton now greatly above the
consumption, and prices fell so as to produce general distress
and stagnation, which continued with more or less intensity
throughout 1828 and 1829. The fall of prices was about 55
per cent.--_Encyc. Amer._
1826. Creek Indians removed from Georgia.
1829. Emancipation in Mexico.
1830. United States export to France, 75,000,000 lbs.
1831. Slave Insurrection in Virginia.
1832. Garrison declares war against the Colonization Society.
1832. Ohio Canal completed.
1833. Cotton consumption in France, 72,767,551 lbs.
1834. Emancipation in West Indies, commenced.
1834. Birney deserted the Colonization Society.
1835. United States export to France, 100,330,000 lbs.
1836. Gerrit Smith repudiates the Colonization Society.
1836. Cherokee and Choctaw Indians removed from Georgia,
Mississippi, and Alabama.
1837. American Anti-Slavery Society had an income of $36,000,
and 70 agents commissioned.
1838. Colonization Society had an income of only $10,900.
1840. Cotton consumed in the United States, 106,000,000 lbs.
1844. Value of cotton goods imported into the United States
$13,286,830.
1845. Texas annexed.
1846. Mexican War.
1847. Gold discovered in California.
1848. New Mexico and California annexed.
1849. United States export to France, 151,340,000 lbs.
Do. Other Continental countries, 128,800,000 lbs.
1850. Cotton consumed in United States, 256,000,000 lbs.
1851. Value of United States cotton fabrics, $61,869,184.
1853. Value of cottons imported, $27,675,000.
1853. United States export to England, 768,596,498 lbs.
1853. Do. do. Continent, 335,271,064 lbs.
1855. United States export to Great Britain and North American
Colonies, 672,409,874 lbs.
1855. Do. do. Continent, 322,905,056 lbs.
1855. Value of Cottons imported, $21,655,624.
The remaining statistics of this column can be found in the
other Tables.
------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE.--Our commercial year ends June 30: that of England January 1. This will explain any seeming discrepancy in the imports by her from us, and our exports to her.

N. B.--In 1781 Great Britain commenced re-exporting a portion of her imports of Cotton to the Continent; but the amount did not reach a million of pounds, except in one year, until 1810, when it rose to over eight millions. The next year, however, it fell to a million and a quarter, and only rose, from near that amount, to six millions in 1814 and 1815. From 1818, her _consumption_, only, of cotton, is given, as best representing her relations to slave labor for that commodity. After this date her exports of cotton gradually enlarged, until, in 1853, they reached over one hundred and forty-seven millions of pounds. Of this, over eighty-two millions were derived from the United States, and over fifty-nine millions from India. That is to say, of her imports of 180,431,000 lbs. in 1853, from India, she re-exported 59,000,000.

We are enabled to add, for our second edition, that the imports of Cotton into Great Britain, from India, for 1854, amounted to 119,835,968 lbs., of which 66,405,920 lbs. were re-exported; and that her imports from the same for 1855 amounted to 145,218,976 lbs., of which 66,210,704 lbs. were re-exported; thus leaving, for the former year, but 53,430,048 lbs., and for the latter but 79,008,272 lbs. of East India Cotton for consumption in England. The present condition of cotton supplies from India up to 1859, will be seen in the extracts from the _London Economist_.

TABLE II.

TABULAR STATEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS,
DOMESTIC ANIMALS, ETC., EXPORTED FROM THE UNITED
STATES: THE TOTAL VALUE OF PRODUCTS AND ANIMALS
RAISED IN THE COUNTRY; AND THE VALUE OF THE
PORTION THEREOF LEFT FOR HOME CONSUMPTION AND USE,
FOR THE YEAR 1853. See Patent Office Report;
Abstract of Census; Rep. Com. Nav., etc.

========================================================================
| Value of | Total Value | Value of
| Exports. | of Products | portion left
| | and Animals. | for home
| | | consumption.
-------------------|--------------|--------------------|----------------
Cattle, and their | | |
products, | $3,076,897 | Catt. $400,000,000 | $396,923,103
Horses and Mules, | 246,731 | 300,000,000 | 299,753,269
Sheep and Wool, | 44,375 | Sheep, 46,000,000 | 45,955,625
Hogs and their | | |
products, | 6,202,324 | Hogs, 160,000,000 | 153,797,676
Indian Corn and | | |
Meal, | 2,084,051 | Corn, 240,000,000 | 237,915,949
Wheat Flour and | | |
Biscuit, | 19,591,817 | Wheat, 100,000,000 | 80,408,183
Rye Meal, | 34,186 | Rye, 12,600,000 | 12,565,814
Other Grains, and | | |
Peas and Beans, | 165,824 | 54,144,874 | 53,979,050
Potatoes, | 152,569 | 42,400,00 | 42,247,431
Apples, | 107,283 |(1850) 7,723,326 | 7,616,043
Hay, averaged at | | |
$10 per ton, | |(1850) 138,385,790 | 138,385,790
Hemp, | 18,195 | 4,272,500 | 4,254,305
Sugar--Cane and | | |
maple, etc., | 427,216 |(1850) 36,900,000 | 36,472,784
Rice, | 1,657,658 | 8,750,000 | 7,092,342
|--------------|--------------------|----------------
Totals, | $33,809,126 | $ 1,551,176,490 |$1,517,367,364
|==============|====================|================
Cotton, | $109,456,404 | $128,000,000 | $18,543,596
Tobacco, and its | | |
products, | 11,319,319 | 19,900,000 | 8,580,681
|--------------|--------------------|----------------
Totals, | $120,775,723 | $147,900,000 | $27,124,277
------------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE.--This table is left as it was in the first edition. As the census tables supply a portion of its materials, a new statement cannot be made until after 1860.

TABLE III.

TOTAL IMPORTS OF THE MORE PROMINENT ARTICLES OF
GROCERIES, FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1853;
SPECIFYING ALSO, THE RE-EXPORTS, AND THE
PROPORTIONS FROM SLAVE-LABOR COUNTRIES. See Report
on Commerce and Navigation.

=======================================================================
Coffee, Imported, | Value, $15,525,954 | lbs. 199,049,823
" Re-Exported, | 1,163,875 | " 13,349,319
" Slave-Labor | |
production, | 12,059,476 | " 156,108,569
| |
Sugar, Imported, | $15,093,003 | " 464,427,281
" Re-Exported, | 819,439 | " 18,981,601
" Slave-Labor | |
production, | 14,810,091 | " 459,743,322
| |
Molasses, Imported, | $3,684,888 | gals. 31,886,100
" Re-Exported, | 97,880 | " 488,666
" Slave-Labor | |
production, | 3,607,160 | " 31,325,735
| |
Tobacco, etc., Imported, | $4,175,238 |
" Re-Exported, | 312,733 |
" Slave-Labor | |
production, | 3,674,402 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE.--A part of the modifications necessary in this table to adopt it to 1859, can be inferred from some of the tables which follow.

TABLE IV.

FREE COLORED AND SLAVE POPULATION, OF THE STATES
NAMED, IN THE PERIODS OF TEN YEARS, FROM 1790 TO
1850, WITH THE RATIO OF INCREASE OR DECREASE PER
CENT. PER ANNUM, OF THE FORMER.

===========================================================================
STATES AND CLASSES.| 1790. | 1800. | 1810. | 1820. | 1830. | 1840. | 1850.
-------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------
PENNSYLVANIA. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 6,537 | 14,561| 22,492| 30,202| 37,930| 47,854| 53,626
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| 12.27| 5.44| 3.42| 2.55| 2.61| 1.20
Slaves | 3,737 | 1,706| 795| 211| 403| 64| ......
MASSACHUSETTS. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 5,463| 6,452| 6,737| 6,740| 7,048| 8,669| 9,064
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| 1.81| .44| .004| .45| 2.29| .45
Slaves | ......| ......| ......| ......| ......| ......| ......
NEW YORK. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 4,654| 10,374| 25,333| 29,279| 44,870| 50,027| 49,069
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......| 12.29| 14.41| 1.55| 5.32| 1.14| [a].19
Slaves | 21,324| 20,343| 15,017| 10,088| 75| 4| ......
NEW JERSEY. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 2,762| 4,402| 7,843| 12,460| 18,303| 21,044| 23,810
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| 5.93| 7.81| 5.88| 4.68| 1.49| 1.31
Slaves | 11,423| 12,422| 10,851| 7,557| 2,254| 674| 236
RHODE ISLAND. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 3,469| 3,304| 3,609| 3,554| 3,561| 3,238| 3,670
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......| [a].47| .92| [a].15| .01| [a]90| 1.33
Slaves | 952| 381| 108| 48| 17| 5| ......
VERMONT. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 225| 557| 750| 903| 881| 730| 718
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......| 11.84| 3.46| 2.04| [a].24|[a]1.71| [a]16
Slaves | 17| ......| ......| ......| ......| ......| ......

===========================================================================
STATES AND CLASSES.| 1790. | 1800. | 1810. | 1820. | 1830. | 1840. | 1850.
-------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------
MAINE. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 538| 818| 969| 929| 1,190| 1,355| 1,356
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......| 5.20| 1.84| [a].41| 2.80| 1.38| .007
Slaves | ......| ......| ......| ......| 2| ......| ......
NEW HAMPSHIRE. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 630| 856| 970| 786| 604| 537| 520
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......| 3.58| 1.33|[a]1.89|[a]2.31|[a]1.10| [a].31
Slaves | 158| 8| ......| ......| 3| 1| ......
CONNECTICUT. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 2,801| 5,330| 6,453| 7,844| 8,047| 8,105| 7,693
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......| 9.02| 2.10| 2.15| .25| .07| [a].50
Slaves | 2,759| 951| 310| 97| 25| 17| ......
OHIO. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | ......| 337| 1,899| 4,723| 9,568| 17,342| 25,279
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| ......| 46.35| 14.87| 10.25| 8.12| 4.57
Slaves | ......| ......| ......| ......| 6| 3| ......
INDIANA. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | ......| 163| 393| 1,230| 3,629| 7,165| 11,262
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| ......| 14.11| 21.29| 19.50| 9.74| 5.75
Slaves | ......| 135| 237| 190| 3| 3| ......
DELAWARE. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 3,899| 8,268| 13,163| 12,958| 15,855| 16,919| 18,073
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......| 11.20| 5.88| [a].13| 2.23| .67| .68
Slaves | 8,887| 6,153| 4,177| 4,509| 3,292| 2,605| 2,290
MARYLAND. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 8,043| 19,587| 33,927| 39,730| 52,938| 62,078| 74,723
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| 14.35| 7.32| 1.71| 3.32| 1.72| 2.03
Slaves |103,036|105,635|111,502|107,397|102,994| 89,737| 90,368
VIRGINIA. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 12,766| 20,124| 30,570| 36,889| 47,348| 49,852| 54,333
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| 5.76| 5.99| 2.06| 2.83| .52| .89
Slaves |293,427|345,796|392,518|425,153|469,757|449,087|472,528

==========================================================================
STATES AND CLASSES.| 1790. | 1800. | 1810. | 1820. | 1830. | 1840. | 1850.
-------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------
NORTH CAROLINA. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 4,975| 7,043| 10,266| 14,612| 19,543| 22,732| 27,463
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| 4.15| 4.57| 4.23| 3.37| 1.63| 2.08
Slaves |100,572|133,296|168,824|205,017|245,601|245,817|288,548
SOUTH CAROLINA. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 1,801| 3,185| 4,554| 6,826| 7,921| 8,276| 8,960
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| 7.68| 4.29| 4.98| 1.60| .44| .82
Slaves |107,094|146,151|196,365|258,475|315,401|327,038|584,984
GEORGIA. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 398| 1,019| 1,801| 1,763| 2,486| 2,753| 2,931
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......| 15.60| 7.67| [a].21| 4.10| 1.07| .64
Slaves | 22,264| 59,404|105,218|149,654|217,531|280,944|381,682
TENNESSEE. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 361| 309| 1,317| 2,727| 4,555| 5,524| 6,422
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......|[a]1.44| 32.62| 10.70| 6.70| 2.12| 1.62
Slaves | 3,417| 13,584| 44,535| 80,107|141,603|183,050|239,459
MISSISSIPPI. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | ......| 182| 240| 458| 519| 1,366| 930
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......| ......| 3.18| 9.08| 1.33| 16.31|[a]3.19
Slaves | ......| 3,489| 17,088| 32,814| 65,659|195,211|309,878
ALABAMA. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | ......| ......| ......| 517| 1,572| 2,039| 2,265
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| ......| ......| ......| 17.53| 2.97| 1.10
Slaves | ......| ......| ......| 41,879|117,549|252,532|342,844
MISSOURI. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | ......| ......| 607| 347| 596| 1,574| 2,618
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......| ......| ......|[a]4.28| 6.39| 17.66| 6.63
Slaves | ......| ......| 3,011| 10,222| 25,091| 58,240| 87,422
KENTUCKY. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | 114| 741| 1,713| 2,759| 4,917| 7,317| 10,011
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| 55.00| 13.11| 6.10| 7.82| 4.88| 3.68
Slaves | 11,830| 40,343| 80,561|126,732|165,213|182,258|210,981

===========================================================================
STATES AND CLASSES.| 1790. | 1800. | 1810. | 1820. | 1830. | 1840. | 1850.
-------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------
LOUISIANA. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | ......| ......| 7,585| 10,476| 16,710| 25,502| 17,462
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......| ......| ......| 3.81| 5.95| 5.26|[a]3.15
Slaves | ......| ......| 34,660| 69,064|109,588|168,452|244,809
ILLINOIS. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | ......| ......| 613| 457| 1,637| 3,598| 5,436
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......| ......| ......|[a]2.54| 25.82| 11.97| 5.10
Slaves | ......| ......| 168| 917| 747| 331| ......
FLORIDA. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | ......| ......| ......| ......| 844| 817| 932
Increase or | | | | | | |
decrease per | | | | | | |
cent. per annum | ......| ......| ......| ......| ...... [a].31| 1.40
Slaves | ......| ......| ......| ......| 15,501| 25,717| 39,310
ARKANSAS. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | ......| ......| ......| 59| 141| 465| 608
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| ......| ......| ......| 13.89| 2.29| 1.10
Slaves | ......| ......| ......| 1,617| 4,576| 19,935| 47,100
MICHIGAN. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | ......| ......| 120| 174| 261| 707| 2,583
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| ......| ......| 4.50| 5.00| 17.08| 25.53
Slaves | ......| ......| 24| ......| 32| ......| ......
DISTRICT OF | | | | | | |
COLUMBIA. | | | | | | |
Free Colored | ......| 783| 2,549| 4,048| 6,152| 8,361| 10,059
Increase per cent. | | | | | | |
per annum | ......| ......| 22.55| 5.88| 5.19| 3.59| 2.03
Slaves | ......| 3,244| 5,395| 6,377| 6,119| 4,694| 3,687
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

FOOTNOTE:

[a] DECREASE.

TABLE V.

INFLUENCE OF THE COLORED POPULATION ON PUBLIC SENTIMENT.

TABLE SHOWING THE PROPORTION OF THE FREE COLORED
POPULATION IN THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN PORTIONS
OF THE STATE OF OHIO, BY COUNTIES, AS PRESENTED BY
THE CENSUS OF 1840 AND 1850, TOGETHER WITH THE
POPULAR VOTE FOR AND AGAINST THE ABOLITION
CANDIDATE, HON. S. P. CHASE, AT THE ELECTION FOR
GOVERNOR, OCTOBER, 1855.

=================================================
SOUTHERN COUNTIES. | MR. CHASE. ||
-------------------------------|---------------||
COUNTIES. | 1840. | 1850. | FOR |AGAINST||
---------------|-------|-------|-------|-------||
Hamilton, | 2,576| 3,600| 4,516| 18,764||
Clermont, | 122| 412| 2,434| 2,879||
Brown, | 614| 863| 1,571| 2,129||
Adams, | 63| 55| 1,139| 1,629||
Scioto, | 206| 211| 1,042| 1,497||
Lawrence, | 148| 326| 1,092| 1,067||
Gallia, | 799| 1,198| 344| 1,972||
Meigs, | 28| 52| 1,515| 1,504||
Jackson, | 315| 391| 714| 906||
Pike, | 329| 618| 641| 1,156||
Highland, | 786| 896| 1,209| 2,599||
Clinton, | 377| 598| 1,640| 964||
Warren, | 341| 602| 2,306| 1,821||
Butler, | 254| 367| 1,960| 3,235||
Preble, | 88| 77| 1,567| 1,326||
Montgomery, | 376| 249| 2,746| 3,830||
Greene, | 344| 654| 1,953| 1,357||
Fayette, | 239| 291| 909| 757||
Ross, | 1,195| 1,906| 2,160| 2,255||
Vinton, | [a]| 107| 722| 901||
Hocking, | 46| 117| 927| 1,199||
Pickaway, | 333| 412| 1,521| 1,862||
Fairfield, | 342| 280| 2,474| 2,726||
Perry, | 47| 29| 1,772| 1,540||
Athens, | 55| 106| 1,634| 1,072||
Washington, | 269| 390| 2,212| 1,774||
Morgan, | 68| 90| 1,776| 1,235||
Noble, | [a]| [b]| 1,361| 1,030||
Monroe, | 13| 69| 1,451| 1,901||
Belmont, | 742| 778| 1,755| 2,856||
Guernsey, | 190| 168| 1,893| 1,491||
Muskingum, | 562| 631| 2,551| 3,204||
Franklin, | 805| 1,607| 2,487| 4,033||
Madison, | 97| 78| 562| 1,012||
Clarke, | 20| 323| 1,866| 1,404||
Miami, | 211| 602| 1,787| 1,977||
Darke, | 200| 248| 1,685| 1,829||
Champaigne, | 328| 494| 1,353| 1,463||
Union, | 78| 128| 1,222| 829||
Delaware, | 76| 135| 1,602| 1,504||
Licking, | 140| 128| 2,021| 3,252||
Harrison, | 163| 287| 1,712| 1,259||
Jefferson, | 497| 665| 2,156| 1,654||
Shelby, | 262| 407| 955| 1,286||
|-------|-------|-------|-------||
Total, South, | 14,924| 21,745| 72,915| 95,941||
-------------------------------------------------

===============================================
NORTHERN COUNTIES. | MR. CHASE.
-------------------------------|---------------
COUNTIES. | 1840. | 1850. | FOR |AGAINST
---------------|-------|-------|-------|-------
Ashtabula, | 17| 43| 3,772| 1,156
Lake, | 21| 38| 1,640| 521
Geauga, | 3| 7| 1,816| 486
Cuyahoga, | 121| 359| 3,965| 3,545
Trumbull, | 70| 65| 3,109| 1,505
Portage, | 39| 58| 2,660| 1,871
Summit, | 42| 121| 2,242| 1,326
Medina, | 13| 35| 2,032| 1,526
Lorain, | 62| 264| 2,693| 919
Huron, | 106| 39| 2,295| 1,411
Erie, | 97| 202| 1,564| 1,191
Seneca, | 65| 151| 2,332| 1,976
Sandusky, | 41| 47| 1,382| 1,509
Ottawa, | 5| 1| 369| 406
Lucas, | 54| 139| 1,618| 1,156
Fulton, | [a]| 1| 715| 453
Williams, | 2| 0| 890| 878
Defiance, | [a]| 19| 592| 626
Henry, | 6| 0| 440| 511
Wood, | 32| 18| 1,099| 636
Paulding, | 0| 1| 362| 115
Putnam, | [a]| 11| 528| 858
Hancock, | 8| 26| 1,238| 1,359
Vanwert, | 0| 47| 602| 483
Allen, | 23| 27| 1,235| 929
Wyandott, | [a]| 49| 1,143| 1,106
Crawford, | 5| 10| 1,449| 1,753
Richland, | 65| 67| 2,220| 2,329
Ashland, | [a]| 3| 1,580| 1,660
Wayne, | 41| 28| 2,421| 2,585
Starke, | 204| 159| 3,343| 3,044
Mahoning, | [a]| 90| 1,592| 1,552
Columbiana, | 417| 182| 3,118| 2,170
Carroll, | 49| 52| 1,502| 1,082
Tuscarawas, | 71| 89| 2,552| 2,179
Coshocton, | 38| 44| 2,064| 2,014
Holmes, | 3| 5| 1,194| 1,675
Knox, | 63| 62| 2,166| 2,135
Morrow, | [a]| 18| 1,631| 1,371
Marion, | 52| 21| 1,220| 1,184
Hardin, | 4| 14| 903| 725
Logan, | 407| 536| 1,424| 1,119
Mercer, | 204| 399| 492| 968
Auglaise, | [a]| 87| 643| 1,286
|-------|-------|-------|-------
Total, North, | 2,450| 3,524| 73,877| 59,319
-----------------------------------------------

FOOTNOTES:

[a] Not organized in 1840.

[b] Not organized in 1850.

TABLE VI.

TOTAL COTTON CROP OF THE UNITED STATES, WITH THE
AMOUNTS EXPORTED, THE CONSUMPTION OF THE UNITED
STATES, NORTH OF VIRGINIA, AND THE STOCK ON HAND,
SEPTEMBER 1, OF EACH YEAR, FROM 1840 TO 1859, IN
POUNDS.--_London Economist_, 1859.

=======================================================================
| | EXPORTS TO VARIOUS PLACES. |
YEARS.| TOTAL CROP. |-------------------------------------------------|
| | | | OTHER | |
| | ENGLAND. | FRANCE. | POINTS. | TOTAL. |
------|-------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-------------|
1840 | 871,134,000|498,716,400|178,986,000| 72,698,800| 750,401,200|
1841 | 653,978,000|343,496,800|139,510,400| 42,303,600| 525,290,800|
1842 | 673,429,600|374,252,400|159,251,600| 52,594,800| 586,098,800|
1843 | 551,550,000|587,884,400|138,455,600| 77,714,800| 804,052,000|
1844 | 812,163,600|480,999,200|113,074,000| 57,722,800| 651,796,000|
1845 | 957,801,200|575,722,400|143,742,800|114,037,200| 433,502,400|
1846 | 840,214,800|440,497,600|143,881,200| 81,888,000| 666,716,800|
1847 | 711,460,400|332,363,600| 96,594,400| 67,530,800| 496,488,800|
1848 | 939,053,600|529,706,000|111,668,800|101,929,600|1,743,304,400|
1849 |1,091,437,600|615,160,400|147,303,600|128,672,400| 891,141,600|
1850 | 838,682,400|422,708,400|115,850,800| 77,502,800| 636,062,000|
1851 | 942,102,800|565,306,000|120,534,200|107,634,800| 795,484,000|
1852 |1,206,011,600|667,499,600|168,550,000|141,408,800| 977,458,400|
1853 |1,305,152,800|694,744,000|170,691,200|145,924,800|1,011,360,000|
1854 |1,172,010,800|641,500,000|149,623,200|136,536,000| 927,659,200|
1855 |1,138,935,600|619,886,400|163,972,400|113,824,000| 897,683,600|
1856 |1,411,138,000|768,554,400|192,254,800|221,033,200|1,181,842,400|
1857 |1,175,807,600|571,548,000|165,342,800|164,172,000| 901,062,800|
1858 |1,245,584,800|723,986,400|153,600,800|158,594,800|1,036,181,000|
1859 |1,606,800,000|...........|...........|...........|1,208,561,200|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

========================================
|CONSUMPTION OF |
YEARS.|U. S. NORTH OF | STOCK ON HAND
| VIRGINIA. | 1ST SEPTEMBER.
------|---------------|-----------------
1840 | 118,077,200 | 23,376,800
1841 | 118,915,200 | 28,991,600
1842 | 107,140,000 | 12,722,800
1843 | 130,051,600 | 37,794,400
1844 | 138,697,600 | 63,908,800
1845 | 155,602,400 | 39,368,000
1846 | 169,038,800 | 42,848,800
1847 | 171,186,800 | 85,934,800
1848 | 212,708,800 | 68,587,200
1849 | 207,215,600 | 61,901,200
1850 | 195,107,600 | 67,172,000
1851 | 161,643,200 | 51,321,600
1852 | 241,211,600 | 36,470,400
1853 | 268,403,600 | 54,257,200
1854 | 244,228,400 | 27,120,600
1855 | 237,433,600 | 28,667,200
1856 | 261,091,600 | 25,668,400
1857 | 280,855,200 | 17,703,200
1858 | 184,692,800 | 40,410,000
1859 | 304,087,200 | ..........
----------------------------------------

Consumption for Virginia and South of that State, for 1859, is estimated at 66,973,600 lbs. The _crop_ year closes, August 31st.

TABLE VII.

STATEMENT OF THE VALUE OF COTTON MANUFACTURES, OF
FOREIGN PRODUCTION, WHICH WERE IMPORTED INTO THE
UNITED STATES; AND THE VALUE OF THE COTTON GOODS
MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES, AND EXPORTED,
DURING THE YEARS STATED--THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30.

===================================================================
| FOREIGN | DOMESTIC || | FOREIGN | DOMESTIC
YEARS.| IMPORTS. | EXPORTS. ||YEARS.| IMPORTS. | EXPORTS.
------|-------------|------------||------|-------------|-----------
1840. | $ 6,504,484 | $3,549,607 ||1850. | $20,108,719 | $4,734,424
1841. | 11,757,036 | 3,122,546 ||1851. | 22,164,442 | 7,241,205
1842. | 9,578,515 | 2,970,690 ||1852. | 19,689,496 | 7,672,151
1843. | 2,958,796 | 3,223,550 ||1853. | 27,731,313 | 8,768,894
1844. | 13,641,478 | 2,898,780 ||1854. | 33,949,503 | 5,535,516
1845. | 13,863,282 | 4,327,928 ||1855. | 17,757,112 | 5,857,181
1846. | 13,530,625 | 3,545,481 ||1856. | 25,917,999 | 6,967,309
1847. | 15,192,875 | 4,082,523 ||1857. | 28,685,726 | 6,115,177
1848. | 18,421,589 | 5,718,205 ||1858. | 17,965,130 | 5,651,504
1849. | 15,754,841 | 4,933,129 ||1859. | 26,026,140 | 8,316,222
--------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE. Of the goods imported, a part were re-exported, and the remainder was used in the United States. The re-exports stood as follows, beginning with 1840:--$1,103,489--$929,056--$836,892--$314,040--$404,648 --$502,553--$673,203--$486,135--$1,216,172--$571,082--$427,107--$677,940 --$977,030--$1,254,363--$1,468,179--$2,012,554--$1,580,495--$570,802-- $390,988.--_Congress Report on Finances._

STATEMENT SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF COFFEE IMPORTED
INTO THE UNITED STATES ANNUALLY, WITH THE AMOUNT
TAKEN FOR CONSUMPTION, DURING THE YEARS 1850 TO
1858, INCLUSIVE--THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31.

===============================================
YEARS.| RECEIPTS. | CONSUMPTION.
------|--------------------|-------------------
1850. | lbs. 152,580,310 | lbs. 134,539,736
1851. | 216,043,870 | 181,225,700
1852. | 205,542,855 | 204,991,595
1853. | 193,112,300 | 175,687,790
1854. | 182,473,853 | 179,481,083
1855. | 283,214,533 | 210,378,287
1856. | 230,913,150 | 218,225,490
1857. | 217,871,839 | 172,565,934
1858. | 227,656,186 | 251,255,099
-----------------------------------------------

NOTE. The New York _Shipping and Commercial List_, to which we are indebted for these statements, says, that it includes the quantity withdrawn from our markets, and forwarded inland to Canada and the British Provinces; the amount of which is not ascertained, but will not vary greatly from 2,230,000 lbs., for the last year.

TABLE VIII.

STATEMENT EXHIBITING THE VALUE OF THE EXPORTS FROM
THE UNITED STATES, OF BREADSTUFFS AND PROVISIONS;
THE AMOUNT AND VALUE OF COTTON EXPORTED, WITH THE
AVERAGE COST, IN CENTS, PER POUND; AND THE AMOUNT
OF TOBACCO EXPORTED, FROM 1821 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE:
THE YEAR FROM 1821 TO 1842 ENDING SEPTEMBER 30,
AND FROM 1844 TO 1859 ENDING JUNE 30,--THE YEAR
1843 INCLUDING ONLY NINE MONTHS.

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Cotton is king, and pro-slavery argumentsChapter XXVI: Appendix (2)

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