Chapter XVI: Conclusion: Sidenote: Society established (2)

[1027] _Ibid._, 276, 277, 279.

[1028] P. C. S. M., I., 309.

[1029] _Ibid._, 288.

[1030] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg. 7-30-1779, 151.

[1031] _Ibid._ (An extract of the report to the monthly meeting is given on page 71ff., chapter on Philadelphia, showing the state of schools in 1784.)

[1032] _Ibid._, 1-30-1784, 123ff.

[1033] _Ibid._, 1-25-1793, 184.

[1034] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 2-23-1798, 149.

[1035] Quoted in Jenkins’ _Hist. Collections of Gwynedd_, 396-7.

[1036] The works from which the notices were taken: Watson, _Annals of Philadelphia_; Simpson, _Lives of Eminent Philadelphians_; Jordan, _Colonial Families of Philadelphia_; Oberholtzer, _Philadelphia City and Its People_; W. Thompson, _History of Philadelphia_.

[1037] Vaux, _Memoirs_, p. 7; also Keyser, _Old Germantown_, I, 79.

[1038] P. C. S. M., I, 33.

[1039] _Ibid._, 117.

[1040] Oberholtzer, I, 233.

[1041] P. C. S. M., I, 117.

[1042] Vaux, _Memoirs_, p. 8

[1043] P. C. S. M., I, 114.

[1044] _Ibid._, 115.

[1045] _Ibid._, 161.

[1046] _Ibid._, 244.

[1047] _Ibid._, 311.

[1048] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 5-31-1782, 28.

[1049] For list of his works, see Hildeburn or Smith.

[1050] P. C. S. M., I, 21.

[1051] _Pa. Gaz._, No. 673, 1741.

(Advertising for pupils in newspapers was not the usual rule among Quaker masters in early Pennsylvania, though some cases occurred. 345 advertisements from 1730 to 1790 have been noted in various newspapers of the period. Of a list of seventy Quakers who are known to have taught school, only 15 were found in the list of advertisers. The papers examined were the _Weekly Mercury_, _Pennsylvania Gazette_, _Freeman’s Journal_, _Evening Post_, _Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser_, _Pa. Packet_, and the _Pa. Chronicle_; also the _Courrier Francais_ (which is not mentioned in the bibliography).)

[1052] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 1-30-1784, 123.

[1053] _Ibid._, 1-25-1793, 184.

[1054] _Ibid._, 2-23-1798, 149.

[1055] _Ibid._, 11-28-1800, 300.

[1056] Oberholtzer, I, 181.

[1057] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 1-29-1700, 254.

[1058] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 2-24-1702, 329.

[1059] _Ibid._, 6-27-1703, 376.

[1060] _Am. Wk. Mercury_, Nov. 29, 1733.

[1061] Watson I, 287.

[1062] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 3-29-1691, 146.

[1063] _Collections of the Protestant Episcopal Historical Soc._, 1851, Vol. I, XIX to XX.

[1064] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 1-30-1784, 123ff.

[1065] Moses Patterson was the first teacher in the Negro School. Phila. Mo. Mtg. Min., 6-29-1799, 398.

[1066] P. C. S. M., I, 274.

[1067] P. C. S. M., I, 208.

[1068] _Ibid._, 272.

[1069] _Ibid._, 288.

[1070] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 6-26-1748, 64.

[1071] P. C. S. M., I, 101.

[1072] _Ibid._, 84.

[1073] _Ibid._, 122.

[1074] _Ibid._, 131.

[1075] _Ibid._, 133.

[1076] _Pa. Gaz._, No. 1403, 1755.

[1077] P. C. S. M., I, 133.

[1078] P. C. S. M., I, 106.

[1079] _Ibid._, 122.

[1080] _Ibid._, 131.

[1081] _Ibid._, 141.

[1082] _Ibid._, 188.

[1083] Simpson, 912-13.

[1084] P. C. S. M., I, 175.

[1085] _Ibid._, 234.

[1086] _Ibid._, 334.

[1087] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 1-30-1784, 123.

[1088] Robert Proud _Ms. Col._, No. 20, 27.

[1089] Watson, I, 282.

[1090] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 7-30-1779, 151.

[1091] _The Public School Gazetteer_, 1777, in Norris _Ms. Collections_, H. S. P.

[1092] P. C. S. M., I, 90.

[1093] _Ibid._, 117.

[1094] _Ibid._, 198.

[1095] _Ibid._, 199.

[1096] _Ibid._, 266.

[1097] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 7-30-1779, 151.

[1098] _Ibid._, 1-30-1784, 123f.

[1099] Watson, I, 290f.

[1100] _Ibid._, 292.

[1101] _Ibid._, 290.

[1102] _Ibid._, 291.

[1103] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 7-30-1779, 151.

[1104] P. C. S. M., I, 24.

[1105] _Ibid._, 165.

[1106] _Pa. Gaz._, No. 1951, 1766.

[1107] _Ibid._

[1108] _Pa. Gaz._, No. 1865, 1764.

[1109] P. C. S. M., I, 164.

[1110] _Ibid._, 173.

[1111] The last eight mentioned are named as teachers in Gwynedd neighborhood school, by Joseph Foulke. (Jenkins, 396-7.)

[1112] Min. Abington Mo. Mtg., 4-25-1711, 73.

[1113] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 2-27-1722, 83.

[1114] Min. Abington Mo. Mtg., 10-29-1753, 111.

[1115] _Pa. Gaz._, No. 2371, 1774. _Ibid._, No. 2147, 1770. _Ibid._, No. 2118, 1769. _Ibid._, No. 1821, 1763.

[1116] Wickersham, 26.

[1117] _Ibid._, 27.

[1118] Prowell, I, 539.

[1119] _Ibid._, 541

[1120] Name found in the account book for the Jonathan Walton Fund used for that meeting, p. 1. (Deposited at Friends Meeting House in Quakertown, Pa.)

[1121] Min. Horsham Mo. Mtg., 4-28-1784.

[1122] _Ibid._

[1123] Min. Horsham Sch. Com., 1-11-1793.

[1124] Min. Horsham Mo. Mtg., 4-28-1784.

[1125] Min. Exeter Mo. Mtg., 4-28-1784, 510f.

[1126] _Ibid._

[1127] _Ibid._, 10-31-1787, 60f.

[1128] _Pa. Mag. Hist._, XXV, 3.

[1129] Proud, _Hist. of Pa._, I, 233 and 109f. See Ms. description of the province of Pennsylvania written by William Penn relating to the first settlement written 1682. A copy in Logan _Ms. Collections_, Vol. 1.

[1130] _2 Pa. Archives_, XVI, 234.

[1131] Hazard, _Annals of Pa._, 331. N. Y. _Col. Doc._ II, 213-14.

[1132] _Col. Rec._, XII, 99.

[1133] _Laws of Pa._, III, 269-272; _3 Pa. Archives_, XVIII, 303-430.

[1134] _Ms. Ancient Rec. of Phila._, July 28, 1702.

[1135] Turner, _The Negro in Pa._, 79.

[1136] London Yr. Mtg., Epistles, 1772, 394.

[1137] _3 Pa. Archives_, XVIII, 303-430.

[1138] Turner, _The Negro in Pa._

[1139] _Stat. at Large of Pa._, II, 107, 285.

[1140] _Ms. Bd. of Trade Papers, Proprieties_, IX, Q, 39, 42; _Stat. at Large of Pa._, II, 543-4.

[1141] Watson, _Annals of Phila._, II, 264.

[1142] _Ms. Bd. of Trade Papers, Proprieties_, IX, Q, 39, 42; Stat. at Large of Pa. II, 543-4.

[1143] _Votes and Proceedings_, 1726-1742, 31.

[1144] Smith, _Hist. of Del. Co._, 261; Kaln, _Travels_, I, 391.

[1145] _Pa. Gaz. and Wk. Advt._, 1779, No. 2580.

[1146] _Col. Rec._, XII, 99.

[1147] The quality of the clothing on their backs does not necessarily mean they enjoyed a good location. It was in many cases stolen goods.

[1148] _Pa. Gaz._, No. 2568, 1779.

[1149] Watson, _Annals_, I, 406.

[1150] Heatwole, _Hist. of Ed. in Va._, 299.

[1151] _Pa. Mag. of Hist._, XXIX, 363.

[1152] Smith, H. W., Life of _W. Smith_, I, 238.

[1153] _Pa. Gaz._, 1740, 624; _Am. Wk. Mer._, 1740, No. 1097.

[1154] _Am. Wk. Mer._, 1722-3, IV, 16.

[1155] _Ibid._

[1156] _Pa. Archives_, XVIII, 303-430. _Ibid._, XXI, 165-324. _Ibid._, XVII, 489-685.

[1157] Christian Doc. Prac. and Dis. Relig. Soc. of Friends, 1727, 122, (published 1861). _Ibid._, extract of 1758.

[1158] _Friends’ Lib._, I, 79.

[1159] Woolman’s _Works_, 15.

[1160] Turner, _Negro in Pa._, 67.

[1161] Woolman’s _Words_, 156-7.

[1162] _Ibid._, 78.

[1163] _Ibid._, 44.

[1164] Woolman’s _Works_, 96-7.

[1165] _Ibid._, 244.

[1166] Most significant works are given in the bibliography.

[1167] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 1-30-1784, 128.

[1168] _Ibid._, 6-29-1770, 398.

[1169] Benezet, _A Short Account of the People Called Quakers_, 81-2.

[1170] Vaux, _Memoirs of Lay and Sandiford_.

[1171] _Pa. Mag. of Hist._, XIII, 265; Old Germantown, _Lippincott’s Mag._, Feb., 1884, 118ff., containing an account of the protest; Phila. Quarterly Meeting would not take action, it being considered too weighty a question (Min. Phila. Q. Mtg., 4-4-1688, 136.)

[1172] _Pa. Mag. of Hist._, 266, 268.

[1173] Christian Doc. Prac. and Discipline, 1727, pub. 1861, 122.

[1174] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 4-30-1756, 215.

[1175] Epistles London Yr. Mtg., 1772, 394.

[1176] Christian Doc. Prac. and Discipline, 1758, pub. 1861, 122.

[1177] Extracts Buckingham Mo. Mtg., 12-6-1762, 107.

[1178] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 4-30-1756, 215; Concord Mo. Mtg., 6-9-1779, 86; Horsham Sch. Com, 8-17-1792; Chester Mo. Mtg., 10-25-1779, 31; Uwchlan Mo. Mtg., 9-9-1779, 65f.; Sadsbury, 7-17-1782, 340.

[1179] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 4-30-1756, 215 and 1-25-1765, 7.

[1180] _Ibid._, 7.

[1181] _Ibid._, 1-26-1770, 371; (Proud in his Ms. _History of Philadelphia_ gives Benezet the whole credit of establishing the Negro school. There were two branches, one for boys and one for girls, taught by different tutors. He says the successful outcome of this school of Benezet’s was the incentive which caused the Abolition Society to establish others.) See Proud’s Ms. _History_, p. 64. H. S. P.

[1182] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 2-23-1770, 376.

[1183] _Ibid._, 3-30-1770, 379.

[1184] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 3-30-1770, 379.

[1185] _Ibid._

[1186] _Ibid._, 1-25-1771, 430.

[1187] _Ibid._, 6-29-1770, 398.

[1188] _Ibid._, 1-25-1771, 430.

[1189] _Ibid._, 2-28-1777, 438.

[1190] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 5-31-1782, 28; 1-25-1793, 184; 3-30-1770, 379.

[1191] _Ibid._

[1192] _Ibid._

[1193] _Ibid._

[1194] _Ibid._

[1195] Dewey, p. 39.

[1196] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 3-30-1770, 379.

[1197] _Ibid._, 4-26-1771, 444, and 21-25-1772, 145.

[1198] _Ibid._, 7-28-1786, 271.

[1199] _Ibid._, 1-30-1784, 128.

[1200] _Ibid._, 1-25-1793, 184.

[1201] _Ibid._

[1202] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 1-25-1793, 184.

[1203] For an insight to the real value of the money see note p. 212 of this work; also Dewey, p. 39.

[1204] _Ibid._

[1205] _Ibid._, 2-23-1798, 149.

[1206] _Ibid._

[1207] _Ibid._

[1208] Ms. _Minutes of the Committee on Negro Education_, I, 19; other expenditures mentioned are for copy books, ciphering books, child’s spelling books, lessons for youth, writing paper, red blotting paper, slates, quills, ink, tutors’ assistants, Cheap Repository, 4 volumes, and one set Murray’s _Introduction_, I, 138.

[1209] Min. Phila. Mo. Mtg., 11-28-1800, 300; Ibid., 2-23-1798, 149.

[1210] _Ibid._

[1211] Min. Exeter Mo. Mtg., 7-26-1764, 519.

[1212] Min. Uwchlan Mo. Mtg., 9-9-1779, 65; Min. Sadsbury Mo. Mtg., 7-17-1782, 340.

[1213] Min. Uwchlan Mo. Mtg., 9-9-1779, 65f.

[1214] _Ibid._

[1215] Min. Deercreek Mo. Mtg., 7-24-1779, 304.

[1216] _Ibid._, 11-23-1776, 274.

[1217] _Ibid._

[1218] Min. Sadsbury Mo. Mtg., 7-17-1782, 340.

[1219] Min. Chester Mo. Mtg., 10-25-1779, 31.

[1220] Extracts, Buckingham Mo. Mtg., 12-6-1779, 202; (this was a part of the discipline).

[1221] _Ibid._, 12-6-1762, 107.

[1222] Min. Uwchlan Mo. Mtg., 9-9-1779, 65f.

[1223] Cf. Report on Philadelphia, pp. 68f.

[1224] Min. Exeter Mo. Mtg., 7-26-1764, 519.

[1225] _Ibid._, 10-26-1758, 301.

[1226] Min. Radnor Mo. Mtg., 10-12-1756, 287.

[1227] _Ibid._, 1-11-1757, 300; 4-10-1759, 28; 6-8-1764, 54; 7-8-1766, 139.

[1228] _Ibid._, 7-8-1766, 139.

[1229] Min. Radnor Mo. Mtg., 7-12-1768, 209.

[1230] _Ibid._, 7-10-1770, 286.

[1231] _Ibid._

[1232] _Ibid._, 10-8-1776, 102; 8-13-1779, 171; 11-12-1779, 179.

[1233] _Ibid._, 12-10-1778, 145.

[1234] _Ibid._, 11-13-1778, 140.

[1235] _Ibid._, 7-1-1780, 198.

[1236] _Ibid._, 7-13-1790, 7.

[1237] _Ibid._

[1238] See p. 228ff.; also Davis, _Hist. Bucks Co._, II, 294.

[1239] _Col. Rec._ XII, 99.

[1240] Davis, _Hist._, II, 297.

[1241] Davis, _Hist._, II, 295.

[1242] _Ibid._

[1243] Min. Middletown Mo. Mtg., 8-1-1782, 535.

[1244] _Ibid._, 8-7-1783, 557.

[1245] Extracts, Min. Buckingham Mo. Mtg., 12-6-1762, p. 107.

[1246] _Ibid._, 11-2-1778, 181.

[1247] Min. Bucks Q. Mtg., 8-28-1777, 29.

[1248] Min. Buckingham Mo. Mtg., 12-6-1779, 202.

[1249] Min. Bucks Q. Mtg., 2 vols., 1684-1804. Newtown First Nat’l Bank.

[1250] _Ibid._, 6-27-1730.

[1251] _Ibid._

[1252] _Ibid._, 8-28-1766.

[1253] _Ibid._, 8-27-1772.

[1254] _Ibid._, 8-28-1777, 29.

[1255] Min. Bucks Q. Mtg., 8-28-1777, 29.

[1256] _Ibid._, 11-27-1777, 33.

[1257] _Ibid._, 8-27-1795.

[1258] _Ibid._, 2-28-1799, 289.

_Ibid._, 2-7-1758.

[1259] Min. Falls Mo. Mtg., 2-2-1757.

[1260] _Ibid._, 8-7-1771, 86; 8-5-1772, 105; 9-6-1780, 275; 8-6-1783, 350.

[1261] _Ibid._, 8-1-1781, 301; 3-2-1763; 2-4-1767; 7-2-1769.

[1262] Min. Buckingham Mo. Mtg., 11-2-1778, 181; 8-1762, 107.

[1263] Davis, _Hist. Bucks Co._, II, 297.

[1264] _Ibid._, 296.

[1265] _Ibid._, 297.

[1266] Min. London Mo. Mtg. 1792, I (deposited at L. G. Mtg.).

[1267] Min. Kennett Mo. Mtg., 8-16-1770—439.

[1268] _Ibid._, 10-16-1777, 619.

[1269] _Ibid._, 1-14-1779, 658.

[1270] Min. Kennett Mo. Mtg., 8-14-1788, 887.

[1271] Futhey and Cope, 424.

[1272] Min. New Garden Mo. Mtg., 12-5-1778, 419 (committee had been appointed in 1774).

[1273] _Ibid._, 5-5-1781, 108.

[1274] _Ibid._, 9-1-1781, 119.

[1275] _Ibid._, 8-6-1785, 256.

[1276] _Ibid._, 9-5-1789, 419.

[1277] Futhey and Cope, _Hist. of Chester Co._, 424.

[1278] Min. Uwchlan Mo. Mtg., 3-1-1765, 66.

[1279] Min. Uwchlan Mo. Mtg., 9-9-1779, 65f.

[1280] _Ibid._

[1281] _Ibid._

[1282] Min. Middletown Mo. Mtg., 1-7-1699, 113.

[1283] Min. Sadsbury Mo. Mtg., 7-17-1782, 340.

[1284] _Ibid._

[1285] _Ibid._

[1286] _Col. Rec._, XII, 99; _Laws of Pa._, III, 268-272.

[1287] Futhey and Cope, 424.

[1288] Min. Chester Mo. Mtg., 10-25-1779, 31.

[1289] _Ibid._

[1290] _Ibid._, 7-30-1781, 73f.

[1291] _Ibid._, 9-23-1785, 177.

[1292] Min. Concord Mo. Mtg., 6-9-1779, 86.

[1293] Min. Goshen Mo. Mtg., 10-18-1756.

[1294] _Ibid._, 7-18-1757.

[1295] _Ibid._, 7-17-1758.

[1296] _Ibid._, 2-5-1762.

[1297] _Ibid._, 8-6-1762.

[1298] _Ibid._, 2-10-1764.

[1299] _Ibid._, 4-5-1776.

[1300] _Ibid._, 3-7-1777.

[1301] Min. Goshen Mo. Mtg., 7-10-1778.

[1302] _Ibid._, 12-11-1778.

[1303] _Ibid._, 8-11-1780.

[1304] Futhey and Cope, 424.

[1305] This statement is based on the results of G. Cope’s study of local history.

[1306] Bunting, _Recs._, Mtg. Phila. Yr. Mtg., 24.

[1307] Rec. Horsham School Com., 11-15-1793.

[1308] Martindale, _Hist. of Byberry and Moreland_, 49.

[1309] _Ibid._, 50. (The sources used by Martindale are not found.)

[1310] Min. Byberry Prep. Mtg., 9-15-1779.

[1311] Min. Gwynedd Mo. Mtg., 4-25-1756, 215.

[1312] Min. Gwynedd Mo. Mtg., 7-27-1756, 164.

[1313] _Ibid._, 7-28-1767, 13.

[1314] _Ibid._, 7-26-1768, 40.

[1315] Min. Gwynedd Mo. Mtg., 8-27-1775, 202.

[1316] _Ibid._, 5-25-1779, 306.

[1317] _Ibid._, 8-26-1783, 172.

[1318] _Ibid._, 7-27-1790, 112.

[1319] Kaln, P., _Travels into North America_, I, 390, 394.

[1320] Min. Warrington and Fairfax Q. Mtg., 9-16-1776, 11.

[1321] _Ibid._, 9-20-1779, 73. (Warrington Meeting, in the County of York.)

[1322] Applegarth, _Quakers in Pa._, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies, VIII-IX, 56.

[1323] Mention should also be made of the Friendly Ass’n for Preserving Peace with the Indians. For reference see Vol. 3, Penn’s MS., relating to Indian Affairs, pp. 17-18, an address to Governor Dewey, 1757; also p. 89, an address to Proprietaries Thomas Penn and Richard Penn on same subject.

[1324] _Col. Rec._ II, 16.

[1325] _Ibid._, III, 356.

[1326] Bowden, II, 70.

[1327] London Yr. Mtg. Epistles, 1795, 487.

[1328] Conduct of the Society of Friends towards Indians, 98-99.

[1329] _Ibid._

[1330] A brief account of the Committee’s proceedings (pub. in Phila.), 7.

[1331] _Ibid._

[1332] _Ibid._

[1333] _Ibid._

[1334] Conduct of the Society of Friends towards Indians, 10.

[1335] _Ibid._, 8, 9, 10.

[1336] _Ibid._, 11.

[1337] See page 263.

[1338] No summary is given of conditions in each of the meetings; if desired, see in index, “negro education.”

[1339] The digest of the standards to be attained may be seen on pages 172f.

[1340] Bowden, II, 247ff. (tables showing the particular monthly, and quarterly meetings, etc.).

[1341] See in index: Merion and Valley, for example.

[1342] Bowden, II, 157.

[1343] _Ibid._, 156; quoted from Oldmixon, I, 304.

[1344] 6,200 new settlers came in 1729 (Bowden, II, 156).

[1345] _Ibid._, 157.

[1346] Winterbotham, II, 438-439; also, census report, 1790.

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Penn. _Letters and Papers, Private and Official and Indian Affairs_, 21 vols. H. S. P.

Penn Charter School: _Overseer’s Minute Books_, 1712-1813, 3 vols., also additional loose papers, rules, advices, etc. Provident Life and Trust Building, Phila., Pa.

_Philadelphia Monthly Meeting Minutes_, 12 vols. 304 Arch Street, Phila., Pa.

_Philadelphia Quarterly Meeting Minutes_, 1682-1826, 5 vols. 304 Arch Street, Phila., Pa.

_Philadelphia (and Burlington) Yearly Meeting Minutes_, 2 vols. 304 Arch Street, Phila., Pa.

Proud, Robert. _Papers and Letters_, 3 boxes, also vol. of Mss. H. S. P.

_Radnor Monthly Meeting Minutes_, 1699-1803, 14 vols. (1704-1712 not found). 15th & Race Streets, Phila., Pa.

_Richland Monthly Meeting Minutes_, 1742-1806. 4 vols. Meeting House, Quakertown, Pa.

_Richland School Committee Minutes_, 1 vol. Meeting House, Quakertown, Pa.

_Richland: Accounts of Jonathan Walton Fund_, 1 vol. Meeting House, Quakertown, Pa.

_Sadsbury Monthly Meeting Minutes_, 1737-1824, 2 vols. 15th & Race Streets, Phila., Pa.

_Uwchlan Monthly Meeting Minutes_, 1763-1809, 3 vols. 142 North 16th Street, Phila., Pa.

_Warrington Monthly Meeting Minutes_ (Extracts from), 1747-1856, 1 vol. H. S. P.

_Warrington and Fairfax Quarterly Meeting Minutes_, 1776-1787, 1 vol. H. S. P.

_Western Quarterly Meeting Minutes_, 1758-1818, 2 vols. Orthodox Meeting House, West Grove, Pa.

_Westland Monthly Meeting Minutes_, 1785-1865, 1 vol. H. S. P.

_Wrightstown Monthly Meeting Minutes_, 1734-1800, 2 vols. (first vol. not found). First National Bank, Newtown, Pa.

PRINTED SOURCES

A Brief Account of the Concern of the Yearly Meeting of Philadelphia in relation to the guarded religious education of their youth.... Phila., 1835.

Abolition, The Constitution of the Pennsylvania Society for the—of Slavery.... Phila., 1787.

Acts of Parliament relative to those Protestant Dissenters called Quakers from 1688. London, 1757.

Africans, The case of our fellow creatures, the oppressed Africans, respectfully recommended to the serious consideration of the Legislature of Great Britain by the people called Quakers (by A. Benezet), London, 1784.

BALL, GAWEN. Premonitory Extracts, selected from various authors of the Religious Society of Friends. N. P., 1819.

BANKS, JOHN A. A Journal of his Life, Labors and Travels. London, 1712.

BARCLAY, ROBERT. A Catechism and Confession of his Faith, N. P., 1673.

Apology for the true Christian Divinity. London, 1678.

BELLERS, J. Proposals for raising a college of industry of all useful trades and husbandry.... London, 1818.

BENEZET, ANTHONY. Short Account of the People called Quakers. Phila., 1780.

The Pennsylvania Spelling Book or Youth’s Friendly Instructor.
Dublin, 1800.

Some observations on the situation, disposition and character
of the Indian natives. Phila., 1784.

Notes on the Slave Trade, 1780, H. S. P.

Observations on the enslaving, importing, and purchasing of
negroes.... Germantown, 1760.

Brief Considerations on Slavery, and the Expediency of its
Abolition. Burlington, N. J., 1773.

BESSE, JOSEPH. Edition of a collection of the works of William Penn. London, 1726.

Collections of the Sufferings of Quakers. London, 1753.

BIDDLE, OWEN. A pamphlet of 52 pages on a plan for a boarding school. Phila., 1790.

BUDD, THOMAS. Good Order established in Pennsylvania and New Jersey in America. Phila., 1685.

BUGG, FRANCIS. The Quakers detected, their errors confuted. London, 1685.

CHALKLEY, THOMAS. A Collection of the works of ... in two parts. Phila., 1749.

CHARTERS. William Penn’s Charters of the Public Schools founded by Charter in the town and county of Philadelphia.... 1701, 1708, 1711. Phila., No date.

CHESTERFIELD, LORD. Advice to his Son. Phila., 1781.

CHURCHMAN, JOHN. An Account of the Gospel Labors and Christian Experiences of. London, 1829.

CLARIDGE, R. Life and Posthumous Works of, collected by J. Besse. London, 1726.

COLONIAL RECORDS OF PENNSYLVANIA, published by the State, 16 vols. Harrisburg and Phila., 1852-1853.

COLLECTIONS OF THE PROTESTANT HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

COMLY, JOHN and ISAAC. Friends’ Miscellaney, 12 vols. Phila., 1831-1839.

COX, S. H. Quakerism not Christianity.... Boston, 1833.

CRAWFORD, CHARLES. Observations on Negro Slavery. Phila., 1784.

CROUCH, WILLIAM. Posthuma Christiana or a collection of his works. London, 1712.

DARUSMONT, F. W. Views of Society and Manners in the United States, 1818-1820. London, 1821.

EARLY CHRISTIAN INSTRUCTION in form of a dialogue between mother and a child. London, 1807.

EPISTLES FROM THE YEARLY MEETING IN LONDON, 1681-1817. London, 1818.

EXTRACTS FROM THE MINUTES AND ADVICES OF THE YEARLY MEETING IN LONDON. London, 1802.

FISHER, SAMUEL. Testimony of Truth Exalted by the collected labors of.... N. P., 1679.

FOTHERGILL, SAMUEL. Discourses, Epistles and Letters. London, 1803.

FOX, GEORGE. Journal. 2 vols. London, 1852.

To all Magistrates, Teachers, Schoolmasters and People ... who
teach your children the way of the heathen.... London, 1660.

A Primmer for the Doctors and Scholars of Europe.... London,
1659.

A Warning to all Teachers of Children who are called
Schoolmasters and Mistresses to Parents. London, 1657.

FOX, GEORGE and HOOKES, ELLIS. Instruction for Right Spelling, Reading and Writing.... London, 1697.

FRIEND, THE. A religious and Literary Journal published weekly at Philadelphia since 1827.

FRIENDS’ LIBRARY, The. 10 vols. Phila., 1837.

FRIENDS’ YEAR BOOK, 1917. Published by the Representative Committee of the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. 15th & Race Streets.

FRIENDS’ CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE AND PRACTICE AND DISCIPLINE. London, 1861.

FRY, JOHN. Alphabetical Extracts of all Annual Printed Epistles sent to the Quarterly Meeting in London. London, 1762.

FURLY, BENJAMIN, FOX, GEORGE, and STUBBS, JOHN. Battledore for Teachers and Professors to learn Singular and Plural. London, 1660.

GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PUBLICATIONS. Vols. 1-5, 1895-1910; other numbers to date. Phila.

GERMANTOWN, Extracts from Records of the Court held in 1691-1701. Phila., 1853.

GOUGH, JOHN and JAMES. A Practical Grammar of the English Tongue. Dublin, 1792.

GOUGH, JOHN. Treatise of Arithmetic in Theory and Practice. Phila., 1788.

GRAMMAR, Practical Syntax in English and French ... and intended chiefly for the use of the Society called Quakers. London, 1795.

GRIFFITH, JOHN. Journal of Life and Travels.... London, 1779; Some Brief Remarks upon Sundry Important Subjects. London, 1768.

HAZARD, SAMUEL. Editor, Register of Pennsylvania, 16 vols. Phila., 1828-1835.

HICKS, ELIAS. Journal of the Life and Religious Labors of Elias Hicks. New York, 1832.

HOLME, BENJAMIN. Collection of Epistles and works of.... London, 1754.

INDIANS, A Brief Account of the Committee appointed in 1795 ... for promoting ... civilization of Indian Natives. Reprint, London, 1806.

INTELLIGENCER, FRIENDS. Published weekly at Philadelphia since 1844.

KALN, PETER. Travels into North America, 3 vols., first vol., Warrington, 1770; second and third vols. London, 1771.

KEITH, GEORGE. Journal of his Travels.... London, 1706.

Standards of Quakers Examined; An Answer to the Apology of
Robert Barclay. London, 1702.

LANCASTER, JOSEPH. Improvements in Education ... School at Borough Road. London, 1805.

LAWS OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA OF 1700-1802, 6 vols. Republished under the authority of the Legislature of Philadelphia. Phila., 1803.

LAWS OF DUKE OF YORK. Charters of William Penn and Laws of Pennsylvania, 1682-1700. London, 1805.

LESSONS FOR YOUTH, Selected for the use of schools. Phila., 1799.

LONDON YEARLY MEETING EPISTLE.... Advice to Parents.... Care for the Education of their Children.... London, 1723.

MINUTES OF THE PROVINCIAL COUNCIL OF PENNSYLVANIA. 10 vols., published by the State, Philadelphia.

MISCELLANIES, Moral and Instructive in Verse and Prose for the Use of Schools. Phila., 1787.

MORE, HANNAH. Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education (in pamphlets published 1823, 2 vols.). London, 1823.

MURRAY, LINDLEY. An Abridgment of Murray’s English Grammar.... London, 1798.

OLDMIXON, JOHN. British Empire in America, 2 vols. London, 1708.

PARRISH, EDWARD. An Essay on Education in the Society of Friends. Phila., 1866.

PASTORIUS, F. D. Geographical Description of Pennsylvania, 1770. Translated by L. H. Weiss, Memoirs of H. S. P. Phila., 1850.

PENN, WILLIAM. Extract from the Advice to his Children. London, 1819.

A Brief Account of the Rise and Progress of the People called
Quakers. London, 1748.

PENNINGTON, ISAAC. Works, 4 vols. London, 1784.

PENN’S LETTER TO HIS WIFE AND CHILDREN. London, 1822.

PENNSYLVANIA ARCHIVES. First Series, 12 vols. Edited by Samuel Hazard. Phila., 1852-1856.

PENNSYLVANIA ARCHIVES. Second Series, 19 vols. Edited by J. B. Linn and W. A. Egle. Harrisburg, 1878-1896.

PENNSYLVANIA ARCHIVES. Third Series, 30 vols. Edited by W. H. Egle. Harrisburg, 1894-1899.

PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS. Published by the Society, 20 vols. Lancaster, 1891-1911.

PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY MEMOIRS, 14 vols. Phila., 1826-1895.

PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY, 39 vols. Published by the H. S. P., Phila., 1877-1915.

PENNY, NORMAN. The Journal of George Fox. University Press. Cambridge, 1911.

PHIPPS, JOSEPH. Original and Present State of Man.... Trenton, 1793.

PIONEER, DER DEUTSCHE. Erinnerungen aus dem Pioneer-Leben der Deutschen in Amerika. 18 vols. Cincinnati, 1869-1887.

PRITTLE, PRATTLE, or a familiar discourse on the I, thou, he or she, we, ye, or you etc. ... by a Lover of the Truth. London, 1752.

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS, Vols. 1 and 2. 1915.

PROUD, ROBERT. History of Pennsylvania, 2 vols. Phila., 1877.

PURVER, ANTHONY. Counsel to Friends’ Children on Education, by J. Freame, with ... poems. London, 1799.

RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION IN OUR SCHOOLS. A letter issued by an executive of the Friends’ Guild of Teachers, No. 9, in a volume of pamphlets. York, No date.

RUTTY, JOHN and WIGHT, THOMAS. History of Quakers in Ireland. London, 1811.

SCOTT, JOB. Journal of the Life, Travels and Gospel Labors.... New York, 1797.

SOME ADVICE IN THE YEARLY MEETING’S EPISTLE, 1709, concerning the education of children.... London, 1710.

STANTON, DANIEL. Journal of his Life, Travels and Gospel Labors. Phila., 1772.

STATUTES AT LARGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Compiled by J. T. Mitchell and Henry Flanders. Harrisburg, 1896-1909.

TRACTS ON MORAL AND RELIGIOUS SUBJECTS. London, 1823.

TUKE, HENRY. Works. York, 1813.

TUKE, SAMUEL. Principles of Religion as professed by the Society of Quakers. London, 1852.

VAUX, ROBERT. Memoirs of Anthony Benezet. Phila., 1817.

VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PROVINCE OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1682-1776. Phila., 1752-1776.

WESCOTT, THOMPSON. History of Philadelphia, 1609-1829 (made up of cuttings from the Sunday Dispatch). Phila., 1867-1884.

WIGHAM, JOHN. Christian Instruction in a discourse between a mother and her daughter. Phila., No date.

WINTERBOTHAM, W. An historical and geographical, commercial and philosophical view of the American United States, 4 vols. London, 1795.

WOOLMAN, JOHN. Serious Considerations on Subjects of Importance, London, 1773; Works. Phila., 1806; The Journal of ... Introduction by J. S. Whittier. London, 1903.

NEWSPAPERS

_Pennsylvania Gazette._ Published by B. Franklin, beginning 1729; incomplete files.

_The American Weekly Mercury._ Published by William Bradford, beginning 1719; incomplete files.

_The Freeman’s Journal or North American Intelligencer._ Incomplete files from 1781-1787.

_The Pennsylvania Evening Post._ Incomplete files from 1775-1781.

_The Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser._ Incomplete files between 1742 and 1788.

_The Pennsylvania Packet or General Advertiser._ Incomplete files from 1771-1800.

_The Pennsylvania Chronicle._ Incomplete files from 1767-1774.

NOTE: The newspapers above mentioned were examined in so far as the rather incomplete files at the New York Public Library and the library of the Pennsylvania Historical Society permitted. Though the files of neither were complete, the seven taken together cover the period studied very well. School advertisements and occasional anonymous articles on education are the chief items they offer, which are of value.

SECONDARY MATERIALS

A Brief Sketch of Schools for Blacks and their descendants established by the Religious Society of Friends in 1770. Phila., 1867.

APPLEGARTH, A. C. Quakers in Pennsylvania. Johns Hopkins University Studies. Baltimore, 1892.

ASHMEAD, H. G. History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Phila., 1884.

ASHMEAD, H. G., and JOHNSON, W. S. Historical Sketch of Chester on Delaware. Chester, 1883.

AYTON. History of Great Ayton School, published for the Jubilee Committee. Middlebrough, 1891.

BEAN, THEODORE W. History of Montgomery County. Phila., 1884.

BALDERSTON, G. W. Historical Sketch of Falls, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Phila., 1882.

BOWDEN, JAMES. History of Friends in America, 2 vols. London, 1884.

BOWEN, DANIEL. A History of Philadelphia to 1837. Phila., 1839.

BRAILSFORD, M. R. Quaker Women, 1650-1690. London, 1915.

BUCK, WM. J. History of Bucks County. Doylestown, 1855; History of Montgomery County within the Schuylkill Valley. Norristown, 1859.

BUNTING, MORGAN. A List of Records of the Meetings constituting the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. Phila., 1906.

CLARKSON, THOMAS. Memoirs of the Private and Public Life of William Penn. London, 1813.

CLARKSON, THOMAS. Portraiture of Quakerism, 3 vols. N. Y., 1806.

COMLY, ISAAC. Sketches of the History of Byberry, in the Memoirs of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, vol. 2. Phila., 1827.

COPE, G. and FUTHEY, JOHN. History of Chester County. Phila., 1881.

DARBY. Proceedings Centennial Anniversary Friends Meeting House. Darby, Pennsylvania, 1905.

DAVIS, W. W. H. History of Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Doylestown, 1876.

DEWEY, D. R. Financial History of the United States. New York, 1912.

DEWEES, W. W. A Centennial History of Westtown Boarding School from 1799 to 1899. Phila., 1899.

ELLIS, FRANKLIN and EVANS, S. History of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Phila., 1883.

FISHER, GEORGE S. The Making of Pennsylvania. Phila., 1898.

FISKE, JOHN. The Dutch and Quaker Colonies in America, 2 vols. Boston, 1899.

GERMANTOWN, History consisting of papers read before the Site and Relic Society of Germantown. Germantown, 1915.

GERMANTOWN, Old and New, _Lippincott’s Magazine_, Feb., 1884.

GLENN, THOMAS ALLEN. Merion in the Welsh Tract. Norristown, 1896.

GOUGH, JOHN and SEWELL, WILLIAM. A History of the People called Quakers ... from Works of Sewell, 2 vols. London, 1799.

GOUGH, JOHN. History of the Quakers, 4 vols. Dublin, 1789.

GREEN, JOHN R. A Short History of the English People. 4 vols. New York, 1898.

GUMMERE, A. M. The Quaker in the Forum. Phila., 1910.

HAVERFORD. A History of Haverford College. Phila., 1892.

HAZARD, SAMUEL. Annals of Pennsylvania, 1609-1682. Phila., 1850.

HEATWOLE, C. J. History of Education in Virginia. New York, 1916.

HILDEBURN, CHAS. R. A Century of Printing, The Issues of the Press of Pennsylvania, 1685-1784, 2 vols. Phila., 1885.

HISTORICAL SKETCHES—A Collection of Papers prepared for the Historical Society of Montgomery County. Norristown, 1900.

HISTORY OF THE ASSOCIATIONS OF FRIENDS FOR THE FREE INSTRUCTION OF THE ADULT COLORED PERSONS IN PHILADELPHIA. Published by direction of the Association. Phila., 1890.

HOBSON, F. G. Addresses on Local History, Early Schools and School Teachers. 1898.

HOLDER, CHAS. F. The Quakers in Great Britain and America. New York, 1913.

INDIANS—Some Account of the Conduct ... of Friends towards the Indian Tribes, to 1843. London, 1844.

JANNEY, SAMUEL M. The Life of William Penn, with selections from his correspondence and autobiography. Phila., 1852.

History of the Society of Friends from its rise to 1828, 4
vols. Phila., 1859-61.

Life of George Fox. Phila., 1856.

JENKINS, HOWARD M. Historical Collections of Gwynedd. Phila., 1884; Memorial of the City of Philadelphia from its first settlement to the year 1895, 2 vols., edited by Young. New York, 1895.

JONES, R. M., assisted by ISAAC SHARPLESS, and GUMMERE, A. M. Quakers in American Colonies. London, 1911.

JORDAN, JOHN W. Colonial Families of Philadelphia, 2 vols. New York and London, 1911.

JORDAN, JOHN W. A History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania. 3 vols. New York, 1914.

KEYSER, NAAMAN H. Old Historic Germantown (an address before the Pennsylvania German Society, 14th Annual Meeting). Lancaster, 1906.

Old Germantown. Germantown, 1907.

KNIGHT, FRANCIS A. History of Sidcot School. London, 1908.

LEARNED, MARION D. The Life of Francis Daniel Pastorius. Phila., 1908.

LEVICK, J. J. Early Friends and their Services in America. Phila., 1883.

MAGILL, EDWARD H., Educational Institutions in the Society of Friends. Chicago, 1893.

MARTINDALE, J. C. A History of the Townships of Byberry and Moreland. Phila., 1867.

MERION. Bicentennial Anniversary of the Friends Meetinghouse at Merion, Pa. Phila., 1895.

MICHENER, EZRA. A Retrospect of Early Quakerism. Phila., 1860.

MOMBERT, J. I. Authentic History of Lancaster County. Lancaster, 1869.

MONTGOMERY, M. L. History of Berks County. Phila., 1886.

MOON, ALPHEUS WILBERFORCE. Early Quaker Education in New Jersey (Master’s Ms. dissertation in Columbia University), 1905.

MYERS, ALBERT COOK. Immigration of the Irish Quakers into Pennsylvania, 1682-1751. Swarthmore, 1902.

Sally Wister’s Journal. Phila., 1902.

Hannah Logan’s Courtship. Phila., 1904.

Quaker Arrivals at Philadelphia. Phila., 1902.

NODAL, JOHN H. Bibliography ... of Ackworth School. Manchester, 1899.

OBERHOLTZER, ELLIS P. The Literary History of Philadelphia. Phila., 1906; Philadelphia, A History of the City and its People, 4 vols. Phila., 1911.

PENNYPACKER, HON. S. W. The Settlement of Germantown. Phila., 1899.

PROWELL, GEORGE R. History of York County, Pa., 2 vols. Chicago, 1907.

SEIDENSTICKER, OSWALD. Die erste deutsche Einwanderung in Amerika und die Gründung von Germantown im Jahre 1683. Phila., 1883.

SEWELL, WILLIAM. History of Friends, 2 vols. London, 1811.

SHARPLESS, ISAAC. Two Centuries of Pennsylvania History. Phila., 1900.

SHEPHERD, W. R. History of Proprietary Government in Pennsylvania. New York, 1896.

SHORE, W. T. John Woolman, His Life and Our Times. London, 1913.

SIMPSON, HENRY. Lives of Eminent Philadelphians now Deceased. Phila., 1859.

SMITH, C. H. Mennonites of America. Scottsdale, Pa., 1909.

SMITH, H. W. Life of W. Smith. Phila., 1877.

SMITH, GEORGE. History of Delaware County. Phila., 1862.

SUMMARY OF THE HISTORY, DOCTRINES, AND DISCIPLINE OF FRIENDS. London, 1790.

TAYLOR, CHRISTOPHER. Account of Waltham Abbey School. Phila., 1797.

THOMAS, A. C. and THOMAS, R. H. A History of the Friends in America. Phila., 1905.

THOMAS, GABRIEL. Historical and Geographical Account of the Province and Country of Pennsylvania and of West Jersey. London, 1698.

THOMPSON, HENRY. A History of Ackworth School. London, 1879.

TOTAH, K. A. The Friends Secondary Schools in the United States (Master’s Ms. dissertation at Teachers College), 1912.

TRAILL, HENRY D., editor. Social England, 6 vols. London and New York, 1909.

TURNER, E. R. Negro in Pennsylvania, American Historical Association Publications. Washington, 1911.

VAUX, ROBERT. Memoirs of Benjamin Lay and Ralph Sandiford. Phila., 1815.

WATSON, J. Account of the First Settlement of the Townships of Buckingham and Solebury. H. S. P. Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 285-319.

WATSON, J. F. Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, 3 vols. Phila., 1887.

WICK, B. L. The Amish Mennonites. Iowa City, 1894.

WICKERSHAM, JAMES PYLE. A History of Education in Pennsylvania, Private, Public, Elementary and Higher. Lancaster, 1886.

WOODSON, C. G. Education of the Negro before 1861. New York and London, 1915.

WRIGHT, RICHARD R. The Negro in Pennsylvania. Phila., 1912.

WRIGHT, PAUL W. Educational Work in New York Yearly Meeting of Friends prior to 1860. (Master’s Ms. dissertation at Teachers College, Columbia University) N. P., 1913.

ABBREVIATIONS

Am. Wk. Mer.—_American Weekly Mercury._
Col. Rec.—_Colonial Records of Pennsylvania._
G. S. P. P.—_Genealogical Society Publications of Pennsylvania._
H. S. P.—_Historical Society of Pennsylvania._
Min. Mo. Mtg.—_Minutes of the monthly meeting._
Min. Prep. Mtg.—_Minutes of the preparative meeting._
Pa. Gaz.—_Pennsylvania Gazette._
Pa. Ger. Soc.—_Pennsylvania German Society._
Pa. Mag. of Hist.—_Pennsylvania Magazine of History._
P. C. S. M.—_Penn Charter School Minutes._
Q. Mtg.—_Quarterly meeting._
Yr. Mtg.—_Yearly meeting._
Wk. Advt.—_Weekly Advertiser._

INDEX

Abington, school land, 106;
school, 106f.

Ackworth School, 22.

Aims of educ., 7ff., 36ff., 161, 268.

Apprenticeship educ., recommended, 9, 85, 86, 159, 206.

Attendance, 180, 185;
in Negro School, 243f.

Baptists, 5.

Barclay, on educ., 31.

Benezet, on educ., 31ff.;
employed in Phila., 57-58, 216ff.;
on keeping slaves, 235f.

Biddle, 73.

Birmingham, 131, 134, 163.

Blue Hill, 151.

Books, distributed, 24;
used in schools, 109, 142, 193ff.

Bradford, 123f., 134, 136ff.

Bristol, school, 88.

Buckingham, school, 95ff.

Budd, educ. scheme of, 36ff.

Buildings and grounds, 65ff.;
interior of, 67ff.

Byberry, school, 74ff.;
report, 76f.;
schoolmasters at, 224f.

Chester, 148ff., 151.

Chichester, 163.

Children, apprenticeship of, 159;
cared for by meetings, 122f., 141.

Classic languages, 11, 59, 71;
not _necessary_ for ministers, 31, 35.

Clerkenwell, school at, 22.

Committees, on schools, functions, 80, 168, 141, 143;
school coms. appointed, 111, 116, 118.

Concord, 162ff.

Cox, criticism by, 26ff.

Crouch, on educ., 34f.

Curriculum, 190ff., 215, 270;
Classical School, 196;
English School, 197;
Negro School, 192;
Latin and Greek, 59, 71;
letter writing, 191;
mathematics, 30, 71f.;
spelling, 192;
subjects recommended, 29ff.

Darby, 23f., 154ff.

Discipline, 186, 223.

East Bradford, 131.

East Caln, 137f.

Education, before the Quakers, 147;
moral, 86;
for Negro and Indian, 233ff., 269;
practical, by apprenticeship, 9, 10;
provided in Frame of Government, 42;
public, recommended, 30;
recommended by yr. mtg., 20ff., 109, 123, 174.

English School, masters of, 222ff.

Evening Schools, 187.

Exeter, 79ff.

Falls, 86ff.

Fox, sketch of life, 2ff.;
conclusions of, 4;
educ’l creed, 7ff.;
recommended schs., 10;
educ. of ministers, 11f.;
mo. mtgs. recommended, 16.

Free Schools, 180.

Germantown, 77ff.

Girls’ School, 70, 213, 217.

Goshen, 130ff.

Gwynedd, 110, 113.

Haverford, 162.

Horsham, 114ff.

Indians, educ. recommended, 8, 12, 37, 269;
friendly relation with, 262;
issue of rum to, 262;
missionaries among, 263;
aid requested by, 263;
educ’l. work among, 263f.;
occupations taught, 265.

Inner light, 2, 4, 7, 13.

Kennett, 122f.;
discontinued, 124, 137, 169f.

Lampeter, 142.

Land, for school use, 81, 87ff., 106, 125, 131f., 148f., 176f.

Latin School, masters of, 220ff.

Legacies: Carter, 74, 107f.;
Wade, Lineham and Richards, 63;
Bryner and Baldwin, 90;
Harker, 93, 95;
Holcomb, 95;
Abbitt, Buckman and Twining, 101;
Roberts and Walton, 103;
Keen and Hoskins, 148;
Taylor and Hall, 149;
Turner, 151f.;
Evans, 152;
Meed, 153;
Blunston, 154;
Lobb, 157;
Yarnall, 165;
Barnes, 106f.;
under care of trustees, 75, 107f.

Literature, used in meetings, 199ff.

London, yearly mtg. established, 17;
advices on educ., 172f.

London Grove, 140.

Maiden Creek, 80f.

Makefield, 88.

Meetings, established, 15f., 79, 85, 105, 122, 147.

Mennonites, 4f.

Merion and Valley, 114.

Methods, 197, 199.

Middletown, 92ff., 149f., 151.

Montgomery Township, 112.

Monthly meeting, function, 19, 169, 175.

Morristown, 111.

Nantmeal, 139f.

Negro, educ. recommended, 8, 12, 37, 269;
manumission, 252, 257, 261;
educ. of ⸺ in Phila., 239-246;
Exeter, 248;
Radnor, 248f.;
Middletown, 249f.;
Buckingham, 250ff.;
Kennett, 253;
New Garden and Uwchlan, 138, 254;
Sadsbury and Bradford, 255;
Concord and Goshen, 256;
Abington and Horsham, 258;
Byberry and Gwynedd, 259ff.;
Warrington and Fairfax, 261;
attitude of sects toward ⸺, 231ff.;
meetings for ⸺, 239;
com. on ⸺ affairs, 240f.;
duties of com. on ⸺, 246-7;
⸺ in Pa. 228ff.

Negro School, established, 241f.;
support, 64;
housed, 70, 71, 215, 217;
status in 1800, 245;
support of, 243f., 247f.;
attendance, 243f.;
teachers in, Patterson, 241;
Houghton, 242;
Benezet, 242;
Britt, Dougherty, Meccum, 243;
Pickering, 244;
Mears, 245.

New Garden, 123f., 128ff., 137.

Organization, of meetings, purpose, 15;
explained, 18;
with regard to schools, 172-190;
weakness of, 268.

Pastorius, 47, 53, 77ff.

Pay scholars, 180.

Penn, on educ., 28ff.;
coming to Phila., 41.

Penn Charter School, 45;
petition to incorporate, 47ff.;
first charter, 49ff.;
rechartered, 52;
self perpetuating corporation of, 53, 106.

Philadelphia, reports on schs. in, 58ff., 71ff.

Plymouth, 112.

Poor, educ. of, 32, 38, 59, 74, 91, 112f., 117, 149, 159.

Preachers, journeys of, 5f.

Preparative meeting, functions, 19.

Printing, encouraged, 152.

Quakers, origin of, 1ff.;
growth of, 6.

Quarterly meeting, functions, 19, 168, 174.

Radnor, 158ff.

Rates, 71ff.

Reading, 81f.

Regulations, adopted for schools, 115f., 125f., 182ff.

Rewards, 186.

Richland, 102f.

Robeson, 80f.

Sadsbury, 141ff.

Salary, 43, 45, 47, 54f., 62, 210f., 154;
compared, 212.

School control, 80, 186, 141, 143;
coms. appointed on, 111, 116, 118.

School day, length of, 186ff.

Schoolhouses, 177ff.;
school property, urged necessary, 176f.

Schoolmistresses, 54, 58ff., 130, 208, 212f.

Schools, modern tendency, 39;
number established estimated, 121, 270.

School support, 39, 45f., 60-65, 71ff., 89f., 92f., 98f., 127f., 133,
139ff., 143f., 148, 150f., 157f., 160, 164, 167-172;
distribution of funds, 108;
of Negro School, 64.

Schwenkfeld, Caspar, 4.

Schlemiel, school, 10, 22.

Slavery, beginning of in Pa., 228;
opponents of, 233ff.;
classes interested, 230;
attitude of Quakers, 236ff.;
laws regarding, 228f.;
increase of, 230;
condition of slaves, 231;
attitude of Fox, 233;
Woolman, 234;
Benezet, 235f.;
Keith, 236.

Spelling, 192.

Springfield, 151.

Student papers, 188f.

Supervision of schools, 96f., 189.

Teachers, selection of, 100, 110;
scarcity, 150;
source, 205f., 209;
qualifications, 204;
tenure, 207f., 209;
duties, 214;
rated, 216;
no contract for, 210;
morality, 225, 269.

Teachers named: Albertson, 113;
Ayres, 225;
Brockden, 56, 74;
Brientnall, 58;
Brown, 59, 72, 218;
Britt, 218;
Burchall, 208, 214;
Binns, 218;
Buller, 218;
Benezet, 31ff., 57, 58, 216ff., 235f.;
Cadwalader, 54, 55, 209, 218;
Cathrall, 59, 215;
Clarke, 60, 72, 219;
Carver, 225, 116;
Clift, 207, 209, 219, 154;
Coggins and Chamberlain, 114;
Dickinson, 207, 219;
Dougherty, 215;
Dull, 114;
Every, 55, 224;
Eldridge, 206;
Evans, 113;
Flower, 42f., 45, 59;
Fitzpatrick, 225, 116;
Foulke, 114;
Hartshorne, 60, 74;
Harry, 60, 72;
Houghton, 57;
Josai, 58;
Jones, 59, 114;
Jackson, 220;
Johnson, 225;
Keith, 45, 207, 209, 219;
Kirk, 225;
King, 207, 220;
Lancaster, 59, 72;
Makin, 46, 53, 54, 56, 57, 207, 209, 219;
Marsh, 60, 73;
McDonnell, 60, 73;
Mears, 218;
Moor, 224;
Meccum, 215;
Naylor, 55;
Pardo, 110, 114;
Parks, 225;
Patterson, 220;
Pastorius, 47, 53, 77ff.;
Proud, 59-71, 183ff., 206, 209, 221ff.;
Pickering, 218;
Pemberton, 224;
Pearson, 225;
Price, 114;
Rakestraw, 59;
Robbins, 56;
Richards, 224;
Smith, 58, 116, 225;
Songhurst, 54, 208, 213;
Snowdon, 223;
Sitch, 224;
Taylor, 107, 207, 225;
Thompson, 58, 220f., 222;
Thorne, 223;
Thornton, 209, 213;
Todd, 58, 59, 72, 222;
Underwood, 225;
Walby, 55;
Warden, 56;
Weaver, 59, 72;
Willian, 57, 205, 209, 220;
Wilson, 220;
Waring, 223;
Warren, 206;
Yerkes, 58, 223.

Tuke, on educ., 34f.

Uwchlan, 138ff.

Waltham, school at, 10, 22.

Warrington, 117.

Westtown Boarding School, 60, 73, 89, 145, 151.

Whitehead, on educ., 34f.

Willistown, 132.

Women, as teachers, 54, 58f., 130;
on school com., 118, 140.

Woolman, on educ., 33f.;
on slave holding, 234.

Writing school, 195.

Yearly meeting, recommends education, 20ff., 109;
functions, 18.

York, 119.

Youths’ meetings, 105f., 117.