Chapter II: Faunae

A. _Great Britain._--1. R. Parnell, _The Natural History of the Fishes
of the Firth of Forth_ (Edin., 1838). 2. W. Yarrell, _A History of
British Fishes_ (3rd ed., Lond., 1859). 3. J. Couch, _History of the
Fishes of the British Islands_ (Lond., 1862-1865).

B. _Denmark and Scandinavia._--1. H. Kröyer, _Danmark's Fiske_
(Copenhagen, 1838-1853). 2. S. Nilsson, _Skandinavisk Fauna_, vol. iv.
"Fiskarna" (Lund, 1855). 3. Fries och Ekström, _Skandinaviens Fiskar_
(Stockh., 1836).

C. _Russia._--1. Nordmann, "Ichthyologie pontique," in Demidoff's
_Voyage dans la Russie méridionale_, tome iii. (Paris, 1840).

D. _Germany._--1. Heckel und Kner, _Die Süsswasserfische der
österreichischen Monarchie_ (Leipz., 1858). 2. C. T. E. Siebold, _Die
Süsswasserfische von Mitteleuropa_ (Leipz., 1863).

E. _Italy and Mediterranean._--1. Bonaparte, _Iconografia della fauna
italica_, tom iii., "Pesci" (Rome, 1832-1841). 2. Costa, _Fauna del
regno di Napoli_, "Pesci" (Naples, about 1850).

F. _France._--1. E. Blanchard, _Les Poissons des eaux douces de la
France_ (Paris, 1866).

G. _Spanish Peninsula._--The fresh-water fish fauna of Spain and
Portugal was almost unknown, until F. Steindachner paid some visits to
those countries for the purpose of exploring the principal rivers. His
discoveries are described in several papers in the _Sitzungsberichte
der Akademie zu Wien_. B. du Bocage and F. de B. Capello made
contributions to our knowledge of the marine fishes on the coast of
Portugal (_Jorn. Scienc. Acad. Lisb._).

H. _North America._--1. J. Richardson, _Fauna Bareali-Americana_, part
iii., "Fishes" (Lond., 1836). The species described in this work are
nearly all from the British possessions in the north. 2. Dekay,
_Zoology of New York_, part iv., "Fishes" (New York, 1842). 3.
_Reports of the U.S. Comm. of Fish and Fisheries_ (5 vols.,
Washington, 1873-1879) and _Reports_ and special publications of the
U.S. Bureau of Fisheries contain valuable information. Numerous
descriptions of North American fresh-water fishes have been published
in the reports of the various U.S. Government expeditions, and in
North American scientific journals, by D. H. Storer, S. F. Baird, C.
Girard, W. O. Ayres, E. D. Cope, D. S. Jordan, G. Brown Goode, &c.

I. _Japan._--1. _Fauna Japonica_, "Poissons," par H. Schlegel,
(Leiden, 1850).

J. _East Indies; Tropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans._--1.
E. Rüppell, _Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika_ (Frankf., 1828).
2. E. Rüppell, _Neue Wirbelthiere_, "Fische" (Frankf., 1837). 3. R. L.
Playfair and A. Günther, _The Fishes of Zanzibar_ (Lond., 1876). 4. C.
B. Klunzinger, _Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meers_ (Vienna,
1870-1871). 5. F. Day, _The Fishes of India_ (Lond., 1865, 4to)
contains an account of the fresh-water and marine species. 6. A.
Günther, _Die Fische der Südsee_ (Hamburg, 4to), from 1873 (in
progress). 7. Unsurpassed in activity, as regards the exploration of
the fish fauna of the East Indian archipelago, is P. Bleeker
(1819-1878), a surgeon in the service of the Dutch East Indian
Government, who, from the year 1840, for nearly thirty years, amassed
immense collections of the fishes of the various islands, and
described them in extremely numerous papers, published chiefly in the
journals of the Batavian Society. Soon after his return to Europe
(1860) Bleeker commenced to collect the final results of his labours
in a grand work, illustrated by coloured plates, _Atlas ichthyologique
des Indes Orientales Néerlandaises_ (Amsterd., fol., 1862), the
publication of which was interrupted by the author's death in 1878.

K. _Africa._--1. A. Günther, "The Fishes of the Nile," in Petherick's
_Travels in Central Africa_ (Lond., 1869). 2. W. Peters,
_Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique_, iv., "Flussfische"
(Berl., 1868, 4to).

L. _West Indies and South America._--1. L. Agassiz, _Selecta genera et
species piscium, quae in itinere per Brasiliam, collegit J. B. de
Spix_ (Munich, 1829, fol.). 2. F. de Castelnau, _Animaux nouveaux ou
rares, recueillis pendant l'expédition dans les parties centrales de
l'Amérique du Sud_, "Poissons" (Paris, 1855). 3. L. Vaillant and F.
Bocourt, _Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique
centrale_, "Poissons" (Paris, 1874). 4. F. Poey, the celebrated
naturalist of Havana, devoted many years of study to the fishes of
Cuba. His papers and memoirs are published partly in two periodicals,
issued by himself, under the title of _Memorias sobre la historia
natural de la isla de Cuba_ (from 1851), and _Repertorio
fisico-natural de la isla de Cuba_ (from 1865), partly in North
American scientific journals. And, finally, F. Steindachner and A.
Günther have published many contributions, accompanied by excellent
figures, to our knowledge of the fishes of Central and South America.

M. _New Zealand._--1. F. W. Hutton and J. Hector, _Fishes of New
Zealand_ (Wellington, 1872).

N. _Arctic Regions._--1. C. Lütken, "A Revised Catalogue of the Fishes
of Greenland," in _Manual of the Natural History, Geology and Physics
of Greenland_ (Lond., 1875, 8vo). 2. The fishes of Spitzbergen were
examined by A. J. Malmgren (1865). (A. C. G.)