Chapter II: Introduction: 1 (2)

In 1536 the Queen was indicted of high treason, and on 19th May
of the same year she was beheaded. Some of the books bearing
Queen Anne Bullen's arms form part of the old Royal library in
the British Museum; the stamp is impressed in blind, without
gold, and with it is often associated one or other of the panel
stamps having the coat-of-arms of Henry VIII.

ANNE OF DENMARK, QUEEN CONSORT OF JAMES I.

_Arms._--A cross gu., surmounted of another arg. _Frederick II._, King of Denmark and Norway.

Dexter canton: Or, semé of hearts ppr., 3 lions passant
guardant az., crowned or. _Denmark._

Sinister canton: Gu., a lion rampant, crowned or, holding in
his paws a battle-axe arg. _Norway._

Dexter base: Az., 3 crowns ppr. _Sweden._

Sinister base: Or, 9 hearts, 4, 3, and 2, gu., in chief a lion
passant guardant az. _Gothes._

In base: Gu., a wyvern, wings expanded and tail nowed or. _The
Vandals._

An escutcheon of Pretence, quarterly;

1. Or, 2 lions passant guardant az. _Sleswick._

2. Gu., an inescutcheon having a nail fixed in every point
thereof in triangle, between as many holly leaves, all arg.
_Holstein._

3. Gu., a swan, wings close arg. _Stormer._

4. Az., a chevalier armed at all points, brandishing his
sword, his helmet plumed, upon a courser arg., trapped or.
_Ditzmers._

Over the whole an inescutcheon per pale--

Dexter: Az., a cross formée fitchée or. _Dalmenhurst._

Sinister: Or, 2 bars gu. _Oldenburg._

_Motto._--LA MIA GRANDEZZA VIENE DAL ECCELSO.

[PLUTARCH. _Les Œuvres morales de Plutarque._
Paris, 1588.]

Anne of Denmark (born 12th December 1574, died 1619), Queen
Consort of James I., King of England, Scotland, France, and
Ireland, was the daughter of Frederick II., King of Denmark and
Norway. The alliance between the Danish Princess and James VI.
of Scotland was not agreeable to Queen Elizabeth, but in spite
of her opposition the marriage took place in 1589 at Upslo. In
1590 the king and queen returned to Scotland, and in 1603, on
the death of Queen Elizabeth, they came to England.

Queen Anne was a great patron of Progresses, Pageants, and
Masques, and is said to have been a beautiful dancer. She was
very extravagant, and incurred much censure for running into
debt, although her allowances were very liberal. At one period
Queen Anne was suspected of leanings towards the Roman Catholic
religion. She objected to the marriage, ultimately of the
greatest importance, of her daughter Elizabeth to Frederick V.,
Elector Palatine of the Rhine, on the ground that his position
was not high enough, but she attended the marriage in 1612.

Several of her books are among the old Royal collection
presented to the British Museum in 1757.

ANNE, QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

_First Coat-of-Arms_

1. _Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.

1st and 4th grand quarters; quarterly; France and England.

2nd grand quarter; Scotland.

3rd grand quarter; Ireland.

As used by James I. (q.v.).

Used from 8th March 1702 until 6th March 1706.

[BIANCHINI. _De Kalendario et Cyclo Cæsaris._
Romae, 1703.]

_Second Coat-of-Arms_

2. _Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.

1st and 4th grand quarters, impaled.

Dexter: England.

Sinister: Scotland.

2nd grand quarter; France.

3rd grand quarter; Ireland.

Colours as used by James I. (q.v.).

Used from 6th March 1706 until 1st August 1714.

_Crest._--A Royal Crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.

_Supporters._--Lion and unicorn.

_Motto._--SEMPER EADEM.

_Badges._--Tudor rose and Thistle.

[ENGLAND. _Laws._ 1702.]

The Royal name ensigned with a Royal Crown, and the motto "VIVAT REGINA" upheld by two cherubs.

[EUCLID. _Elements._ Oxford, 1703.]

The Royal Monogram ensigned with a Royal Crown.

[OVERBECK.
_Reliq. Ant. Romae._
Amst., 1708.]

Queen Anne (born 10th May 1655, died 1st August 1714) was
the second daughter of James II. and Anne Hyde, daughter of
Edward Hyde, first Earl of Clarendon. She succeeded her cousin,
William III., on the throne of England in 1702. Queen Anne was
the last of the Stuart line to occupy the throne of England.

The first coat-of-arms used by Queen Anne was the same as that
generally used by her predecessor, but without the arms of
Nassau, that is to say, first and fourth grand quarters, France
and England quarterly; second grand quarter, Scotland; and
third grand quarter, Ireland. In 1702 a notice was published
in the _London Gazette_ to the effect that "wheresoever there
shall be occasion to embroider, depict, grave, carve, or paint
Her Majesty's Royal Arms with a motto, this Motto following,
_viz_. SEMPER EADEM, is to be used" (23rd December). It will be
remembered that this motto had been previously used by Queen
Elizabeth.

The Legislative Union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland
took place on Thursday, 6th March 1706, when the royal assent
was given to the Act. A change in the Royal coat-of-arms took
place in consequence of this Act, and for the remainder of the
reign of Queen Anne (1706-1714) the first and fourth grand
quarters contained the coats of England and Scotland impaled,
in the manner used to denote husband and wife; the second grand
quarter, France; and the third grand quarter, Ireland. Besides
the coat-of-arms, the crowned initials and name of Queen
Anne were frequently stamped upon her books, and some of her
book-stamps appear to have been designed by foreigners.

Queen Anne's books came to the British Museum with the rest of
the old Royal Library of England in 1757.

ASTLE, THOMAS

_Arms._--Az., a cinquefoil erm., a bordure engrailed of the second. _Astle._

_Crest._--On a chapeau, a plume of five feathers in a case arg. banded gu., and environed with a ducal coronet or.

[Collection of miscellaneous MSS. Stowe, 516.]

Thomas Astle (born 22nd December 1735, died 1st December 1803)
was a book collector and antiquary, and a native of Yoxall in
Staffordshire. In 1783 he was appointed Keeper of the Records
in the Tower of London, where his literary tastes stood him in
good stead, and he edited and indexed the treasures which were
under his care with energy and success; he was also a Trustee
of the British Museum.

Astle wrote several important works; perhaps the most useful
of them are the Catalogue of the MSS. in the Cottonian
Library, and a treatise on the Origin and Progress of Writing.
His printed books now belong to the library of the Royal
Institution, and his collection of Manuscripts is kept at the
British Museum. This important collection belonged successively
to the Marquis of Buckingham at Stowe, and then to the Earl of
Ashburnham, who sold it in 1883 to the Trustees of the British
Museum.

Mr. Astle was a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society
of Antiquaries.

AYLMER, MATTHEW, 1ST BARON AYLMER

_Arms._--Arg., a cross sa., between four Cornish Choughs of the second. _Aylmer._

_Coronet._--That of a Baron.

_Motto._--STEADY.

[BURNET. _History of the Reformation._ London, 1681.]

Matthew Aylmer (born 1660 (?), died 18th August 1720) was a
sailor who took part in the Battle of La Hogue. He subsequently
became Rear-Admiral of Great Britain and Governor of Chelsea
Hospital. In 1718 he was created Baron Aylmer of Balrath in
Meath.

BACON, FRANCIS, BARON VERULAM AND VISCOUNT ST. ALBANS

_Crest._--A boar passant erm., armed and hoofed or, a crescent for difference. _Bacon._

[BACON. _Novum Organum._ Londini, 1620.]

[University Library, Cambridge.]

Francis Bacon (born 22nd January 1561, died 9th April 1626) was
a son of Sir Nicolas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the Seals to Queen
Elizabeth. He went to Cambridge at the age of thirteen and
studied law.

In 1595 he was elected Member of Parliament for Middlesex,
but presently fell upon evil times and, among other troubles,
managed to offend the Queen by some of his writings. James
I., however, restored him to Royal favour. In 1619 he became
Lord Chancellor, and shortly afterwards was created Baron
Verulam and Viscount St. Albans. Bacon's enemies presently
prevailed against him again, and his own malpractices with
regard to various judicial matters gave them the opportunity
of ruining him. In spite of the king's favour and efforts in
his behalf, in 1621 Bacon was ordered to pay a fine of £40,000
for his misdeeds; he was adjudged to be incapable of sitting
in Parliament or to accept any public office under the Crown,
neither was he to be permitted to live in any place where the
Royal Court might be. He was, moreover, condemned to be kept a
prisoner in the Tower of London during the king's pleasure.

In 1625, when Charles I. came to the throne of England, all
these judgments were reversed and Bacon was rehabilitated, but
did not live much longer to enjoy his honours.

BAGOT, RT. HON. SIR CHARLES, KNIGHT

_Arms._--Erm., two chevrons az. _Bagot._

_Crest._--Out of an heraldic coronet, a goat's head ar., attired or.

_Helmet._--That of a Knight.

_Decoration._--The collar and badge of a Knight Grand Cross (civil) of the Order of the Bath, with the motto "TRIA JUNCTA IN UNO."

_Legend._--THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR CHARLES BAGOT.

[CARY. _Memoirs._ Edinburgh, 1808.]

Sir Charles Bagot (born 23rd September 1781, died 19th May
1843) was the second son of William, first Baron Bagot, who for
many years represented Stafford in the House of Commons.

Sir Charles had an important political and diplomatic career;
he was a Privy Councillor and a Knight Grand Cross of the
Order of the Bath. In 1807 he was Under-Secretary of State for
Foreign affairs, and acted as Minister Plenipotentiary both to
France and to the United States of America.

In 1841 Sir Charles Bagot was governor of Canada, and at
different times he held the posts of Ambassador to Russia, the
Netherlands, and to Austria.

BATEMAN, WILLIAM, VISCOUNT BATEMAN

_Arms._--On a fess sa., between three muscovy ducks ppr., a rose of the field. _Bateman._ All within a fillet bearing the legend "TRIA JUNCTA IN UNO," being the motto of the Order of the Bath; dependent from the fillet is the badge of the same Order.

_Coronet._--That of a Viscount.

_Supporters._--Two lions rampant reguardant ppr., collared and chained or.

_Motto._--NEC PRECE NEC PRETIO.

[MONDONVILLE. _Sonates._]

William Bateman (born circ. 1680, died December 1744) was the
son of Sir James Bateman, Lord Mayor of London in 1717.

Mr. Bateman was twice Member of Parliament for Leominster, and
in 1725 was created Viscount Bateman in the Peerage of Ireland.
In 1731 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath.

BAYNTUN, WILLIAM

_Arms._--Impaled.

Dexter: Sa., a bend lozengy arg. _Bayntun._

Sinister: Gu., a fess dancetty between three cross crosslets
fitchée or. _Gore._

_Crest._--A griffin's head erased sa., beaked or.

_Legend._--SIGIL GUL BAYNTUN.

[ENGLAND. _Statuta in Parlameto, etc._ London, 1504.]

Probably the arms of William Bayntun, who was Consul-General at
Algiers in the latter half of the eighteenth century. His son
Henry became an Admiral and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order
of the Bath in 1839.

BEATON, JAMES, ARCHBISHOP OF GLASGOW

_Arms._--On a Bishop's cross. Quarterly, first and fourth, arg., a fess between three mascles or; second and third arg., a chevron sa., charged with an otter's head erased of the first. _Beaton._ At the base of the shield, the fish of Glasgow holding a ring in its mouth.

_Motto._--FERENDVM VT VINCAS.

_Legend._--IACOBVS A BETOVN ARCHIEPISCOPVS GLASGVENSIS 1576.

[_Hours of the Diocese of Salisbury._ 1526.]

James Beaton (born 1517, died 1603) was a son of John Beaton of
Balfour, Fife. He was a man of high character and much esteemed
both in Scotland and in France, where circumstances caused
him to spend a considerable portion of his life. Beaton acted
as Ambassador from Scotland at the French Court, and lived in
Paris at the Scots College, an Institution of which he was
very proud, and to which he bequeathed the greater part of his
fortune.

Beaton also took a leading part in the politics of his time,
and was a staunch friend to Mary Queen of Scots. In 1552 he
was, in Paris, consecrated Archbishop of Glasgow, and he also
held several important ecclesiastical preferments in France.

BENNET, HENRY, EARL OF ARLINGTON

_Arms._--Within the Garter. Gu., a bezant between three demi lions rampant arg. _Bennet._

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

[_Hist. del Ministerio del Card. Guilio Mazarino._
Colonia, 1669.]

Henry Bennet (born 1618, died 20th July 1685) was the second
son of Sir John Bennet of Dawley in Middlesex. He was an
excellent scholar and linguist, and a skilled diplomatist,
especially in foreign affairs, but his standard of political
morality does not appear to have been a very high one.

Bennet was a favourite of Charles II. for a long time, and
the king honoured him highly. He was made Keeper of the Privy
Purse, and Secretary of State in 1662; next year he was
created Baron Arlington. In 1672 he was made a Knight of the
Garter and Earl of Arlington, in 1674 Lord Chamberlain of the
Household, and in 1675 a Lord of the Admiralty.

Arlington was a member of the Cabal Ministry; in 1674 he was
impeached for his promotion of popery, breach of trust, and
other misdeeds, but the vote of censure was lost. In 1674 he
sold his secretaryship to Sir Joseph Williamson, and retired,
more or less in disgrace, to his estate at Euston in Suffolk,
where he had built a splendid house. Here he died in 1685.

BERKELEY, ROBERT

_Arms._--Quarterly.

1st and 4th; gu., a chevron between 10 cinquefoils ar.
_Berkeley._

2nd and 3rd; gu., a lion rampant arg., ducally crowned or.
_Hayward._

_Crest._--A bear's head couped arg., muzzled gu.

_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.

[POLANO. _The Historie of the Council of Trent._
London, 1620.]

Robert Berkeley (born 1713, died 20th December 1804) was a son
of Thomas Berkeley of Spetchley in Worcestershire. He wrote
several anonymous treatises, both political and theological,
on questions of his time. He married three times but left no
issue. Thomas Phillips wrote his _Life of Cardinal Pole_ while
he was chaplain at Spetchley.

BLUNDELL, HENRY

_Crest._--A squirrel sejant gu., collared and holding a nut or. _Blundell._

_Motto._--AGE QUOD AGIS.

_Initials._--H. B. (Henry Blundell).

[_Engravings and etchings of the Principal Statues, etc., in the
collection of Henry Blundell, Esq., at Nice._ 1809.]

Henry Blundell (born 1723, died 1810), of Nice-Blundell in
Lancashire, was the son of Robert Blundell of Nice. He was
a noted collector of works of art and an antiquary of some
repute. His contributions to literature are accounts of his own
collections, and are illustrated with fine engravings.

Blundell was a friend of the antiquary and collector Charles
Towneley of Towneley Hall, also in Lancashire, and it is
probable that his archæological tastes were largely fostered by
this friendship. Towneley certainly suggested the production of
Blundell's catalogues.

BOOTHBY, SIR BROOKE, BART.

_Arms._--Ar., on a canton sa., a lion's gamb erased erect or. _Boothby._ In the centre of the shield an inescutcheon arg., bearing the Ulster hand gu.

_Crest._--A lion's gamb erased erect or.

_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.

[WILLIAMS. _Antichrist._ London, 1660.]

_Crest._--A lion's gamb erased erect or. On an escutcheon arg., pendent from a branch, the Ulster hand gu., the badge of a Baronet.

[CAMPANELLA. _A discourse touching the Spanish Monarchy._
London.]

Sir Brooke Boothby, 7th Baronet (born 1743, died 1824), was the
eldest son of Sir Brooke Boothby, 6th Baronet, of Ashbourne
Hall, Derbyshire.

Sir Brooke was the author of several political treatises and
miscellaneous works, many of which are in verse. He belonged
to the literary circles of his time, and spent some time in
France, where he is said to have enjoyed the friendship of
Rousseau.

BOSCAWEN, HUGH, VISCOUNT FALMOUTH

_Arms._--Erm., a rose gu., barbed and seeded ppr. _Boscawen._

[SETTLE. _Rebellion display'd._ London, 1715.]

Hugh Boscawen of Tregothnen, Cornwall (born 1680 (?), died 25th
October 1734), was a noted whig politician. He represented
successively, Tregony, Cornwall, Truro, and Penryn, following
in the footsteps of his father, Edward Boscawen, who had also
been a member of Parliament for a long time.

In 1720 Boscawen was created Viscount Falmouth, and he held the
appointments of Comptroller of the Household, Vice-Treasurer of
Ireland, and Warden of the Stanneries, besides others of lesser
note. He was also a member of the Privy Council.

BOURCHIER, RACHEL, COUNTESS OF BATH

_Arms._--Impaled.

Dexter: Arg., a cross engrailed gu., between four water bougets
sa. _Bourchier._

Sinister: Arg., three dexter gauntlets, backs affrontées or.
_Fane._

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

_Mottoes._--BON TEMPS VIENDRA.

NE VILE FANO.

NON EST MORTALE QVOD OPTO.

SEMPER EADEM.

_Legend._--EX DONO RACHAEL COMITISSÆ BATHON DOTARE AN. DOM. MDCLXX.

[_Symbolarum in Matthaeum Tom. I., etc._ Tolosae, 1646.]

Rachael Fane (born 1613, died 11th November 1680) was the
daughter of Francis Fane, first Earl of Westmorland. In 1638
she married (1) Henry Bourchier, 6th Earl of Bath, and (2)
Lionel Cranfield, 3rd Earl of Middlesex, retaining, however,
her precedency as Countess of Bath by Royal Warrant.

The earliest English lady's armorial book-plate belonged to
Lady Bath, and was similar to the book-stamp illustrated
herewith.

BRIDGMAN, SIR ORLANDO, BART.

_Arms._--Sa., ten plates, four, three, two, and one; on a chief arg., a lion passant erm. _Bridgman._

_Crest._--A demi lion rampant arg., holding between the paws a garland of laurel ppr.

[LAURI. _Antiquae urbis Splendor._ Romae, 1612.]

Sir Orlando Bridgman (born 1606 (?), died 1674) was a
distinguished lawyer and legal author. He was the son of John
Bridgman, Bishop of Chester, and a Fellow of Magdalene College,
Cambridge.

In 1640 Bridgman was elected Member of Parliament for Wigan
and was Knighted. By submitting to Cromwell he escaped the
penalties of being a Royalist, and made himself of much
importance as a lawyer during the Commonwealth. At the
Restoration Sir Orlando was received into Royal favour in
consideration of his former loyalty, and was given a Baronetcy
and made Chief Baron of the Exchequer. In 1660 he was made
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and in 1667 Lord Keeper of
the Great Seal. On occasions he acted as Speaker in the House
of Lords. Towards the end of his life he fell into some sort of
disfavour, and lived in retirement at Teddington.

BROWNLOW, JOHN, VISCOUNT TYRCONNEL

_Arms._--Quarterly.

1st and 4th; or, an inescutcheon within an orle of martlets sa.
_Brownlow._

2nd and 3rd; arg., a lion rampant az. _Mason._

_Crest._--On a chapeau gules, turned up with ermine, a greyhound passant or, collared of the first.

_Supporters._--Two talbots ppr., collared gu.

_Coronet._--That of a Viscount.

_Helmet._--That of a Peer.

_Motto._--ESSE QUAM VIDERE.

[SAVAGE. _The Wanderer._ London, 1729.]

[Edward Almack, Esq., F.S.A., Brighton.]

Sir John Brownlow (born 1692 (?), died 27th February 1754)
was the eldest son of Sir William Brownlow of Belton in
Lincolnshire. He was Member of Parliament for Grantham and
for Lincolnshire, and in 1718 was created Viscount Tyrconnel.
In 1725 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath. Lord
Tyrconnel died at his country seat of Belton, and left no heir.

BRUDENELL OF STANTON WYVILE

_Crest._--A dexter arm embowed, covered with leaves vert, grasping a spiked club, in bend sinister or, slung to the arm with a chain of the last. _Brudenell._

[LE MIRE. _Geographia Ecclesiastica._ Lugd., 1620.]

Books bearing this crest probably belonged to a member of the
family of Brudenell, of Stanton Wyvile in Leicestershire.

BULLINGHAM

_Arms._--Az., an eagle displayed arg., in the beak a sprig vert, on a chief or, a rose between two crosses crosslet gu. _Bullingham._

[_Hardwick Papers_, Vol. 766.]

The book belonged to a member of the Lincolnshire family of
Bullingham, in the seventeenth century.

BURRELL, SIR WILLIAM, BART.

_Arms._--Vert, 3 shields arg., 2 and 1, each charged with a bordure engrailed or. In the chief point on an escutcheon arg., the Ulster hand gu.

_Crest._--A naked arm embowed holding a branch of laurel, all ppr.

_Motto._--SVB LIBERTATE QVIETEM.

[COLLINSON. _The History and Antiquities of the
County of Summerset._ Bath, 1791.]

William Burrell (born 10th October 1732, died 20th January
1796) was the son of Peter Burrell of Beckenham, Kent, and was
educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated
LL.D.

In 1789 Burrell succeeded, by special remainder, to the
Baronetcy of his father-in-law, Sir Charles Raymond. Sir
William Burrell was Member of Parliament for Haslemere; a
Commissioner of Excise; a Fellow of the Royal Society and of
the Society of Antiquaries. He was especially interested in the
antiquities of Sussex, both architectural and genealogical. He
made a large collection of prints, drawings, and manuscripts
relating to Sussex, which he bequeathed to the British Museum,
and which are now in the Department of Manuscripts. He died at
Deepdene in Surrey.

BYNG

_Crest._--An heraldic antelope statant erm., armed, crined, and unguled or. _Byng._

[RHODES. _Book of Nurture._ 1577.]

Mr. Byng's Library, largely composed of Shakespeare literature,
was mostly bound in a straight-grain green morocco. He was
probably a member of the family of the Earl of Strafford.

CAMPBELL, HUGH, THIRD EARL OF LOUDOUN

_Arms._--Gyronny of eight, erm. and gu. _Campbell_ of Auchmannoch.

_Crest._--A double-headed eagle, on the dexter side a sun in glory ppr.

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

_Helmet._--That of a Peer.

_Motto._--NEMO ME IMPVNE LACESSIT, being the motto of the Order of the Thistle.

[SETTLE. _Irene Triumphaus._ London, 1713.]

Hugh Campbell (born c. 1666, died 20th November 1731) was the
eldest son of James, 2nd Earl of Loudoun. He succeeded to the
title in 1684. Lord Loudoun held several important official
posts in Scotland; he was a Lord of Session, a member of the
Scottish Privy Council, and a Commissioner of the Treasury.
In 1704 he was a joint Secretary of State for Scotland, and
a Commissioner for the Union. In 1707 Lord Loudoun was made
a Knight of the Order of the Thistle, and shortly afterwards
Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland and a member of the
English Privy Council.

Lord Loudoun fought at Sheriffmuir in 1715. He was one of the
Scottish representative peers in the House of Lords, and Lord
Lieutenant of Ayrshire. The Earldom of Loudoun descends through
the female line and has consequently belonged to various
families; it has been held by representatives, among others, of
the families of Rawdon, Campbell, and Hastings.

CAMPBELL, JOHN FREDERICK, EARL CAWDOR

_Arms._--Impaled.

Dexter: Quarterly.

1. Or, a hart's head caboshed sa., attired gu. _Calder._

2. Gyronny of eight, or and sa. _Campbell._

3. Arg., a lymphad sa. _Lorn._

4. Per fess, az. and gu., a cross or. _Lort._ Sinister:
Quarterly.

1 and 4. Barry of 10, or and sa. _Botevile._

2 and 3. Arg., a lion rampant, tail nowed and erected gu.
_Thynne._

_Crest._--A swan ppr., crowned or.

_Coronet._--That of a Baron.

_Helmet._--That of a Peer.

_Supporters._--Dexter, a lion rampant guardant gu. Sinister, a hart
ppr.

_Motto._--BE MINDFULL.

[CAXTON. _Chronicles of England._ Westminster, 1482.]

John Frederick Campbell (born 8th November 1790, died 7th
November 1860) was the eldest son of John Campbell of
Stackpole Court, Pembrokeshire, first Baron Cawdor. In 1821
John Frederick succeeded to his father's Barony, and in 1816
he married Elizabeth Thynne, daughter of the Marquis of Bath.
In 1827 he was created Earl Cawdor of Castlemartin. He was a
Fellow of the Royal Society, and Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthen.

The coat-of-arms of Calder, which is given the place of honour
in Lord Cawdor's coat, is borne by right of Muriel, heiress
of John Calder, or Cawdor, of Nairn. She married Sir John
Campbell, son of Archibald, Earl of Argyll, about 1510, and was
the ancestress of the present family.

CAPELL, WILLIAM, EARL OF ESSEX

_Arms._--Gu., a lion rampant between 3 crosses crosslet fitchée or. _Capell._

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

_Supporters._--Two lions rampant arg., ducally crowned gu.

_Motto._--FIDE ET FORTITUDINE.

[BASNAGE. _History of the Jews._ London, 1708.]

William Capell (born 1697, died 17th January 1742) was the son
of Algernon, Earl of Essex, and succeeded his father in the
Earldom in 1710.

Lord Essex held several important offices, among them those of
Keeper of Hyde Park, Ambassador to Sardinia in 1735, Captain of
the Yeomen of the Guard, Ranger of St. James's Park, and Lord
Lieutenant of Hertfordshire. In 1725 he was made a Knight of
the Order of the Thistle, and in 1738 a Knight of the Garter.

CAREW, GEORGE, EARL OF TOTNESS

_Arms._--Or, 3 lioncels passant sa. _Carew._

[PRATEOLUS. _Elenchus Haereticorum._ COLONIAE, 1605.]

George Carew (born 29th May 1555, died 22nd March 1629) was the
son of George Carew, Dean of Windsor, and educated at Oxford.
In 1583 he was Sheriff of Carlow in Ireland, and was Knighted
in 1585. Sir George Carew held several important military
appointments in Ireland, and became Master of the Ordnance and
commander of expeditions to Cadiz and other places, and in
1598 he was Ambassador to France. In 1600 he was President of
Munster, and shortly afterwards Vice-Chamberlain to Anne, Queen
Consort, and Member of Parliament for Hastings.

In 1605 he was created Baron Carew, and he became Master of
the Ordnance in England and Governor of Guernsey, and in
1625 he was created Earl of Totness, and afterwards became
Treasurer-General to Queen Henrietta Maria.

Lord Totness was an excellent antiquary and a friend of Sir
Robert Cotton. He collected manuscripts, especially those
concerning Ireland, and his collections are now scattered, but
are chiefly to be found in the British Museum, at Lambeth, in
the Bodleian Library at Oxford, at Hatfield, or in the State
Paper Office.

CARTERET, GEORGE, BARON CARTERET

_Arms._--Gu., four fusils in fess arg., with the Ulster hand gu., in an escutcheon arg., in the dexter chief. _Carteret._

_Crest._--On a mount vert, a squirrel sejant, cracking a nut ppr.

_Helmet._--That of a Peer, but wrongly shown, as it should be in three-quarters position.

_Supporters._--Two winged stags.

_Motto._--LOYAL DEVOIR.

[CHURCHILL. _Divi Britannici._ London, 1675.]

George Carteret (born 1669, died 1695) was the grandson of Sir
George Carteret, Governor of Jersey, who had been created a
Baronet by Charles I. in 1645. In 1681 Sir George was created
Baron Carteret of Hawnes, and married Grace, daughter of John
Granville, Earl of Bath, in 1674. In 1714 she was created
Countess Granville, and at her death her son John succeeded to
the Earldom.

CARTERET, JOHN, SECOND BARON CARTERET--AFTERWARDS SECOND EARL
GRANVILLE.

_Arms._--Gu., four fusils in fess arg. _Carteret._

_Crest._--On a mount vert, a squirrel sejant, cracking a nut ppr.

_Coronet._--That of a Baron.

_Supporters._--Two winged stags.

_Motto._--LOYAL DEVOIR.

[THUCYDIDES. _De Bello Peloponnesiaco._ Oxonii, 1696.]

[Sir William Worsley, Bart., Hovingham Hall, York.]

John Carteret (born 12th April 1690, died 2nd January 1763)
succeeded his father as second Baron Carteret in 1695, and in
1744 became Earl Granville on the death of his mother, Countess
Granville, whose Earldom was created January 1, 1714. Lord
Granville was a Lord of the Bedchamber to George I., and in
1716 Lord Lieutenant and Curtos Rotulorum of Devonshire. In
1719 he was Ambassador to Sweden.

In 1721 Lord Granville was Secretary of State, and three years
later Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He was also a Knight of the
Garter. In 1710 he married Frances, daughter of Sir Robert
Worsley, Bart., of Appledurcombe, in the Isle of Wight.

CATHERINE OF ARAGON, QUEEN CONSORT OF HENRY VIII.

_Arms._--Impaled.

Dexter: Quarterly.

1st and 4th, France. 2nd and 3rd, England. All as used by
Henry VIII. (q.v.).

Sinister: Quartered.

1st and 4th grand quarters, quarterly.

1 and 4. Gu., a castle or. _Castile._

2 and 3. Arg., a lion rampant gu. _Leon._

2nd and 3rd grand quarters, per pale.

Dexter: Or, paly of 4 gu. _Aragon._

Sinister: Per saltire arg., 2 eagles displayed sa. and or, paly
of 4 gu. _Sicily._

In the base point, arg., a pomegranate or. _Grenada._

Ensigned with a Royal Crown and supported by two angels.

[HOLKOT. _Opus revera insignissimum in librum Sapietie
Salomonis editum._ Parisius, 1518.]

Catherine of Aragon (born 15th December 1485, died 6th January
1536) was the youngest daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of
Spain, and in 1501 she married Arthur, Prince of Wales, who
died in 1502.

In 1509, Catherine married Henry VIII., and they had several
children, of whom only Mary, afterwards Queen, survived her
infancy. Henry VIII. divorced Queen Catherine in 1533, on the
plea that the marriage was illegal as she was his brother's
widow, and in the same year he married Anne Bullen, who was one
of the Queen's Maids of Honour.

Queen Catherine died at Kimbolton Castle, Huntingdonshire,
in 1536, and was buried at Peterborough. A few of her books
came with the old Royal Library to the British Museum in 1757.
She was fond of literature and a patron to learning of all
sorts, and a friend of Erasmus. She appointed Ludovicus Vives,
a well-known Spanish savant and author, to be tutor to her
daughter Mary.

CATHERINE OF BRAGANZA, QUEEN CONSORT OF CHARLES II.

_Arms._--Arg., 5 shields az., 1, 3, and 1, each charged with 5 plates, 2, 1, and 2; a bordure of Castile, gu., 7 towers or, 3, 2, and 2. _Portugal._

_Crown._--The Royal Crown of England.

[_Jesus Maria Joseph; or, The devout Pilgrim of the Virgin
Mary._ Amsterdam, 1663.]

[Edward Almack, Esq., F.S.A., Brighton.]

Catherine of Braganza (born 15th November 1638, died 31st
December 1705) was the daughter of John, Duke of Braganza, who
in 1640 became Juan IV., King of Portugal. In 1662 the Princess
Catherine married Charles II., King of England, and as part of
her very large dowry, the King received Tangier, commanding the
Straits of Gibraltar, and Bombay.

After Charles's death Queen Catherine retired to Portugal,
where in 1704-5 she acted ably as Regent for her brother, Pedro
II.

CAVENDISH, WILLIAM GEORGE SPENCER, SIXTH DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE

_Arms._--Sa., 3 bucks' heads, caboshed arg. _Cavendish._

_Crest._--A serpent nowed ppr.

_Coronet._--That of a Duke.

_Supporters._--Two bucks ppr.

_Motto._--CAVENDO TUTUS.

[THEODOCRITUS. Δ. Χαλκονδυλου ἐρωτηματα συνοπτικα των ὀκτω
του λογου μερων μετα τινων χρησμων κανονων. Milan, 1493.]

William George Spencer Cavendish (born 21st May 1790, died 17th
January 1858) was the son of William, fifth Duke of Devonshire,
and succeeded to the family honours in 1811.

The Library at Chatsworth was already one of much importance,
but the sixth Duke of Devonshire added to it so extensively
that he is generally considered as its founder. He purchased
rare books at all the great sales of his time, and removed
the books which had accumulated at his other residences to
Chatsworth. His collection has been further added to by
successive owners.

The Duke was a Knight of the Garter, a Member of the Privy
Council, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Derbyshire,
and High Steward of Derby. In 1821 he carried the orb at
the Coronation of George IV. In 1826 he was Ambassador
Extraordinary to Russia, and twice held the office of
Lord Chamberlain of the Household. At the Coronation of
Queen Victoria His Grace carried the Sword "Curtana," the
square-tipped Sword of Mercy.

CECIL, WILLIAM, FIRST BARON BURGHLEY

_Arms._--Quartered.

1 and 6. Barry of 10, arg. and az.; over all six escutcheons
sa., 3, 2, and 1, each charged with a lion rampant of the
first. _Cecil._

2. Per pale, gu. and az. a lion rampant arg., supporting a
tree eradicated vert. _Wynstone._

3. Sa., a plate between 3 castles arg. _Etchington._

4. Gu., on a bend cotised arg., 3 cinquefoils sa. _Berondon._

5. Arg., a chevron erm., between 3 chess-rooks. _Pinchbeck._

_Crest._--Six arrows in saltire or, barbed and feathered arg., girt together with a belt gu., buckled and garnished or, over the arrows a morion cap ppr.

_Helmet._--That of a Peer.

_Supporters._--Two lions rampant erm.

_Motto._--COR · VNV · VIA · VNA.

[_Hebrew Bible._ Antverpiae, 1582.]

_Variety._--Within the Garter, the crest is shown without the morion cap, and the two Supporters are moved up from the side of the shield, the usual place for Supporters, and used as Supporters for the crest.

[ARIOSTO. _Orlando Furioso in English Heroical Verse_,
by John Harington. London, 1591.]

William Cecil (born 13th September 1520, died 4th August
1598) was the son of Richard Cecil, Master of the Robes to
Henry VIII. He was educated at Cambridge, and soon showed a
remarkable ability. After Cambridge Cecil went to Gray's Inn
and studied Law, and presently came under the personal notice
of Henry VIII., who at once took a strong liking to him. At
Court Cecil rapidly gained place and power, and under the
Protector Somerset he became Secretary of State. He steered his
way with some difficulty through the troubles accruing through
the claim of Lady Jane Grey to the throne, but managed to
escape serious misfortune, and was elected Member of Parliament
for Lincolnshire.

At this time he also made himself useful to the Princess
Elizabeth, then holding a difficult political position, and
when she became Queen in 1558 she at once made Cecil a member
of her Privy Council and Secretary of State. In 1563 he was
Speaker of the House of Commons. Although not on friendly
terms with the Earl of Leicester, and in a position which gave
cause to much envy, Cecil was able to retain the confidence of
Queen Elizabeth, who, in 1571, created him Baron Burghley, and
shortly afterwards a Knight of the Garter.

Lord Burghley seems to have had a considerable library, and
most of his books have upon them one or other of his beautiful
stamps, sometimes in gold and sometimes in blind.

CHALLESTON, FAMILY OF

_Arms._--Arg., a chevron vairé between 3 eagles displayed vert. _Challeston._

_Crest._--A demi eagle vert, wings displayed vairé.

_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.

[STOW. _Survey of London._ 1618.]

The family of Challeston does not appear to have distinguished
itself in any of the ordinary ways, but the arms are described
in Burke's _General Armory_, and also in Papworth's _Dictionary
of Coats-of-Arms_.

CHARLES I., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.

1st and 4th grand quarters; France and England quarterly.

2nd grand quarter; Scotland.

3rd grand quarter; Ireland. All as used by James I. (q.v.).

_Crest._--A Royal Crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.

_Helmet._--Royal.

_Supporters._--A lion and a unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).

_Motto._--DIEV ET MON DROIT.

[CESPEDES Y MENESES. _Historia de Don Felipe III., Rey
de las Españas._ Barcelona, 1634.]

Prince Charles (born 29th November 1600, died 30th January
1649) was the second son of James I., and on the death of his
brother Henry became heir to the Crown. He was created Prince
of Wales on 3rd November 1616, and while holding this rank he
often used some of his brother's book-stamps, differentiating
them, however, by the addition of his initials "C. P.," and
also by the substitution of gold for silver in places where the
latter metal had been used by Prince Henry, as, for instance,
in the case of the label of the eldest son and the feathers in
the Prince of Wales' plumes.

As Prince, Charles had a few small books bound for him in
red leather, the first instance of its use for English Royal
bindings, and towards the end of his reign again he had several
fine bindings made for him in the fine red morocco which was so
largely used by Samuel Mearne for Charles II. Whether Charles
I.'s red bindings were made by Mearne is doubtful, but it is
possible that they were. They are quite plain except for the
fine coat-of-arms in the centre, and for delicate gold tooling,
of Mearne style, in the panels of the back. Charles I. was a
patron of the Arts and a man of cultured and literary tastes.
The style of binding that is generally associated with his name
is of a better order than the semis and heavy corners which
marked the bindings made for James I.

Many of James I.'s stamps were, however, used by King Charles
I., and in a majority of cases it is only by the date of the
printing of the book that it is possible to say to which king
the volume belonged. There is a tendency for the corner-pieces
to become less, and also a tendency to substitute a more
distinguished manner with regard to small gold toolings than
that of the formal symmetrical repetition so prevalent in the
previous reign.

CHARLES II., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.

1st and 4th grand quarters; France and England quarterly.

2nd grand quarter; Scotland.

3rd grand quarter; Ireland. All as used by James I. (q.v.).

_Crest._--A Royal Crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.

_Helmet._--Royal.

_Supporters._--A lion and a unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).

_Motto._--DIEV ET MON DROIT.

_Initials._--C. R. (Carolus Rex).

[Reynold's _Works_, 1658.]

_Variety._--Without Supporters.

[_Common Prayer._ London, 1660.]

_Variety._--Within the Garter and without Supporters.

[_Paraphrasis in Psalmos Davidis._ Salmurii, 1662.]

The Royal name and title abbreviated. "CAR. REX" (Carolus Rex) ensigned with a Royal Crown, and with the motto "DIEV ET MON DROIT."

[SANDERSON. _Complete History of the Life and Raigne
of King Charles._ London, 1658.]

Crowned initials "C.C." adossés, within palm branches, commonly found on books bound for Charles II. by Samuel Mearne, the Royal Bookbinder.

[CRANZIUS. _Vandaliae and Saxoniae Alberti Cranzii
Continuatio._ Wittebergae, 1586.]

Charles II. (born May 1630, died 6th February 1685) was the
elder son of Charles I. In 1660 Charles ascended the throne of
England, although his accession is sometimes counted from the
date of the death of Charles I., 30th January 1649. In Scotland
it is always so dated.

Samuel Mearne was appointed Royal Bookbinder to Charles II.
in June 1660, and he bound the greater number of the King's
books in a beautiful red morocco. On most of these bindings
the King's initials within a palm spray appear, and sometimes
the edges of the leaves of the books have designs painted upon
them, only showing when the book is open. Charles II. also used
several of the book-stamps that had been made for Charles I.

Mearne was one of the greatest bookbinders of any time, and
apart from the splendid work he did for Charles II., he
executed numbers of other bindings, many of which are inlaid
and have the leather stained and painted. He invented what is
known as the "Cottage" design, and his style and detail is
often copied even at the present time.

CHARLOTTE OF MECKLENBURG, QUEEN CONSORT OF GEORGE III.

_Arms._--On two separate shields, side by side.

Dexter shield: Quarterly.

1st and 4th, France and England, quarterly.

2nd, Scotland.

3rd, Ireland. All as used by James I. (q.v.).

Sinister shield, the arms of Charlotte of Mecklenburg.
Quartered.

1. Arg., a bull's head in pale sa. (crowned gu.), armed and
ringed arg. _Mecklenburg._

2. Az., a griffin segreant or. _Wenden._

3. Vert, in chief az., a griffin segreant or. Principality of
_Schwerin_.

4. Gu., a cross pattée arg. _Ratzeburg._

5. Gu., an arm armoured ppr., holding a ring or, issuing from
a cloud. County of _Schwerin_.

6. Or, a bull's head sa., in bend sinister (crowned gu.),
armed and ringed arg. _Rostock._

Over all, on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of _Stargard_, per fess, gu. and or.

The two shields are ensigned with the Royal Crown of England.

This stamp is probably of foreign design, as it will be noted that the Royal coat-of-arms of England is as that used by Queen Anne before 1706, and not that used by George III., for whom it is intended.

[CEFFALONIE. _Monument élevé à la gloire de Pierre-le-Grand._
Paris, 1777.]

Charlotte Sophia (born 16th May 1744, died 17th November 1818)
was the youngest daughter of Charles Louis, Grand Duke of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

In 1761 the Princess married George III., King of England, and
her married life was uneventful. As Queen she devoted herself
entirely to domestic matters.

CHETWYND, WALTER

_Arms._--Quartered.

1. Az., a chevron between 3 mullets or. _Chetwynd._

2. Arg., 2 chevrons az. _Bagot._

3. Quarterly, arg. and az., on a bend gu., 3 fleurs-de-lys or.
_Garshall._

4. Arg., 3 bars sa. _Raymond._

5. Gu., 10 billets or. _Salter._

6. Sa., 3 fishes naiant in pale or. _Verney._

7. Gu., a lion rampant erm. _Meriford._

8. Gu., 5 piles issuing from the sinister. _Henderson_ (?).

9. Sa., 3 pheons arg. _Egerton_ of Shropshire.

10. Paly wavy of 6, arg. and gu. _Gurnon._

11. Arg., a chevron between 3 oak leaves vert. _Haslerigg._

12. Az., a lion rampant or. _Hetherfield._

[DEMOCRITUS. _Anatomy of Melancholy._ Oxford, 1628.]

Walter Chetwynd (born circ. 1620, died 1693) was a son of
Walter Chetwynd of Ingestre, in Staffordshire. He was Member of
Parliament for Stafford, and for Staffordshire, and Sheriff in
1680.

Chetwynd was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and an Antiquary,
particularly as concerned the County of Staffordshire. He was
a friend of Dr. Robert Plot, who wrote _The Natural History
of Staffordshire_ in 1686, and assisted him in many ways. His
collections of drawings and manuscripts were nearly all lost in
a fire at Ingestre in 1882.

CHITTING, HENRY

_Arms._--Quarterly; arg. and az., on a bend gu., 3 quatrefoils of the first. _Chitting._

_Crest._--A talbot's head erased arg.

_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.

_Motto._--FIDELITATE ET SAGACITATE.

_Initials._--H. C. (Henry Chitting).

[_Collection of rolls of the reigns of many kings._ Stowe, 601.]

Henry Chitting (born 1580 (?), died 1638) was a herald and
genealogist. In 1618 he became Chester Herald, and conducted
several of the heraldic visitations of English counties.
Chitting wrote a valuable work on the _Extinct Baronage of
England_, and others of less general importance.

CHOLMONDELEY, GEORGE, THIRD EARL CHOLMONDELEY

_Arms._--Gu., in chief 2 helmets in profile arg., and in base a garb or. _Cholmondeley._

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

[FAERNI. _Fabulae._ London, 1743.]

George Cholmondeley (born 2nd January 1702, died 10th June
1770) was the son of George, second Earl Cholmondeley, and
succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1733. He was Member
of Parliament for East Looe, and afterwards for Windsor, and
Governor of Chester Castle. In 1725 Viscount Malpas, the
courtesy title used by George Cholmondeley, was made a Knight
of the Order of the Bath, and he subsequently held the offices
of Master of the Robes, Master of the Horse, and was Lord
Lieutenant of North Wales and of Montgomery. In 1736 he became
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and in 1743 Lord Privy
Seal. He held the rank of Lieutenant-General in the army.

CHURCHILL, GEORGE SPENCER, FIFTH DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH

_Arms._--Impaled.

Dexter: Quarterly.

1st and 4th sa., a lion rampant arg., on a canton of the last a
cross gu. _Churchill._

2nd and 3rd quarterly, arg. and gu., in the second and third
quarters a fret or; over all on a bend sa., 3 escallops of
the first. _Spencer._

Sinister: Or, a bend sa.; over all a lion rampant gu.
_Abernethy_ (?).

_Coronet._--That of a Duke.

_Motto._--FIEL PERO DESDICHADO.

The whole arms are borne upon an Imperial eagle, the heraldic indication of the rank of a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, a dignity given to John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough. The eagle is ensigned with a closed crown, the circlet of which bears the strawberry leaves and pearls of an English Marquis.

[FERRAROTTO. _Della preeminenza dell' officio di Stradicò
della nobile città di Messina._ Venetiis, 1593.]

_Variety._--Used as Marquis of Blandford before 1817. _Spencer._

_Arms._--Quarterly.

1st and 4th quarterly, arg. and gu., on the second and third
quarters a fret or; over all on a bend sa., 3 escallops of
the first. _Spencer._

2nd and 3rd sa., a lion rampant arg., on a canton of the last a
cross gu. _Churchill._

_Coronet._--That of a Marquis.

_Motto._--DIEU DEFEND LE DROIT.

The whole arms are borne upon an Imperial eagle as before, but in this case the whole is ensigned with a Royal orb between the two horns of a crescent arg., issuing from a Marquis's coronet.

[COLONNA. _Discours du Songe de Poliphile._ Paris, 1654.]

George Spencer, afterwards Spencer-Churchill (born 6th March
1766, died 5th March 1840), was the son of George, fourth Duke
of Marlborough. He was educated at Eton and Oxford, and served
as Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire and for Tregony, and
was a Lord of the Treasury. He married Susan, daughter of the
Earl of Galloway.

In 1817, on the death of his father, he succeeded to the
Dukedom of Marlborough, and in the same year he assumed by
Royal Licence the surname and arms of Churchill in addition
to his patronymic of Spencer. This was done in memory of the
first Duke of Marlborough, who left no male heir, but whose
second daughter Anne had married Charles Spencer, third
Earl of Sunderland, and their son Charles, fifth Earl of
Sunderland, succeeded his aunt Henrietta, _suo jure_ Duchess of
Marlborough, in the Dukedom in 1733. While Marquis of Blandford
the Duke collected a magnificent library at his house, White
Knights, near Reading, but extravagance in living compelled him
to part with it by auction in 1819.

COCHRANE, JOHN, FOURTH EARL OF DUNDONALD

_Arms._--Impaled.

Dexter: Arg., a chevron gu., between 3 boars' heads erased arg.
_Cochrane._

Sinister: Az., 3 mullets arg., within a double tressure flory
counterflory or. _Murray._

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

[SETTLE. _Virtute Sacellum._ London, 1720.]

John Cochrane (born 1660 (?), died 5th June 1720) was the
second son of John, second Earl of Dundonald, and succeeded
his brother William in the Earldom in 1705. In 1706 he married
Anne, daughter of Charles Murray, Earl of Dunmore. Lord
Dundonald was a Representative Peer of Scotland and Colonel of
the 4th Regiment of Horse Guards.

COCKS, JOHN, BARON SOMERS

_Crest._--On a mount vert, a stag lodged reguardant arg., attired sa., and gorged with a chaplet of laurel leaves vert. _Cocks._

_Coronet._--That of a Baron.

[_Common Prayer._ London, 1669.]

John Somers Cocks (born 6th May 1760, died circ. 1841) was
the son of Charles Cocks, Baron Somers, and was educated at
Oxford. He was successively Member of Parliament for West Looe,
for Grampound, and for Reigate. In 1806 he succeeded to his
father's barony, and in 1821 was created Earl Somers. Lord
Somers married as his second wife, Jane, daughter of his Uncle
James, and widow of the Rev. George Waddington.

COKE, THOMAS, FIRST EARL OF LEICESTER

_Arms._--Impaled.

Dexter: Per pale, gu. and az., 3 eagles displayed or. _Coke._

Sinister: Sa., an eagle displayed erm. _Tufton._

_Crest._--On a chapeau az., turned up erm., an ostrich arg., holding in its mouth a horseshoe or.

_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.

_Motto._--PRUDENS QUI PATIENS.

[MORGUES. _Diverses Pièces pour la Defense de la Royne
Mère du Roy Louys XIII._ Paris, 1637.]

Thomas Coke (born circ. 1699, died 20th April 1759) was the
eldest son of Edward Coke of Holkham in Norfolk. In 1725
Mr. Coke was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath, and
in 1728 he was created Baron Lovel. In 1733 Lord Lovel was
Postmaster-General, and in 1744 he was given a step in the
Peerage and created Viscount Coke and Earl of Leicester. In
1718 Lord Leicester married Lady Mary Tufton, daughter of
Thomas, Earl of Thanet. He left no heir, but the Earldom of
Leicester was revived in 1837 in the person of one of his
collateral descendants.

THE COMMONWEALTH OF ENGLAND

_Arms._--On two separate shields side by side.

Dexter shield: Arg., a cross gu., being the arms of St. George
of England.

Sinister shield: Az., a harp or, stringed arg., being the Harp
of Ireland.

_Motto._--GOD WITH VS.

_Legend._--THE COMMONWEALTH OF ENGLAND.

[_Proclamations of the Lord Protector_, G. 5194.]

The Commonwealth was established in England in 1649, and Oliver
Cromwell made Protector. In 1649 Charles, Prince of Wales, was
crowned King at Scone, and in the next year at Carlisle. In
1658, on the death of Cromwell, the people of England felt that
the Commonwealth had lasted long enough, and in 1660 Charles
II. returned among general rejoicings. From a bookbinding
point of view the period of the Commonwealth was one of little
interest, but on the Restoration, Samuel Mearne raised the
standard of English bookbinding to a very high level.

COOTE, CHARLES

_Arms._--Arg., a chevron between 3 coots sa. _Coote._

_Crest._--A coot ppr.

_Motto._--VINCIT VERITAS.

[BOULAINVILLIERS. _Parliaments of France._
London, 1739.]

Charles Coote (born circ. 1761, died 19th November 1835) was
the son of a London bookseller, John Coote, and was educated at
St. Paul's School and at Oxford, where he distinguished himself
by his diligence and literary tastes. He took his D.C.L.
degree in 1789. Dr. Coote wrote several historical works of
much importance, and in 1789 he was admitted to the College of
Advocates, but he never appears to have taken much to law. His
son H. C. Coote was an author of much note and a high authority
on the subject of the Romans in Britain.

COTTON, SIR ROBERT, BART.

_Arms._--Quartered.

1. Az., an eagle displayed arg. _Cotton._

2. Sa., a fess dancetté between 3 mullets arg. _Wesenham._

3. Or, a saltire gu., a chief of the first. _Bruce._

4. Three piles gu., meeting in point. _Wishart_; over all on
an escutcheon or, a lion rampant sa., within a double
tressure flory counterflory of the second. _Buchanan._

5. Or, a lion rampant sa., a chief gu. _Beauchamp_ (?).

6. Az., a cross flory between 4 martlets or. _King Edward the
Confessor._

[_Breviary of the Diocese of Salisbury._ Parisiis, 1499.]

_Variety_, with four quarterings only.

[PAPEBURG. _Comment._ Basileae, 1551.]

[Sir W. Worsley, Hovingham Hall, York.]

Robert Bruce Cotton (born 22nd January 1570, died 6th May 1631)
was the eldest son of Thomas Cotton of Connington, Huntingdon.
At an early age he began to collect manuscripts, especially
English ones, and the dissolution of the monasteries in the
earlier half of the sixteenth century afforded him excellent
opportunity of acquiring invaluable examples. So valuable was
Cotton's collections, much of it containing official documents,
that twice it was sequestrated by the Government; some of it,
however, was restored to him. He was made a Baronet in 1611,
having previously received the honour of Knighthood. The part
of the collection of manuscripts which had been retained by the
Government of the day was eventually restored to his son Sir
Thomas Cotton.

A grandson of Sir Robert, Sir John Cotton, desired to present
the collection to the Nation, together with Cotton House, with
various conditions as to name and safe custody, and after
tedious negotiations the collection became National property
and was deposited in Essex House, Strand; in 1730 it was moved
to Ashburnham House, in Little Dean's Yard, Westminster, then
the property of the Government, where also the old Royal
manuscripts were kept. In 1731 a fire occurred at Ashburnham
House, and a large number of manuscripts were burnt and many
others badly injured. The remainder were then stored in a
dormitory at Westminster School, and here they remained until
they were transferred to the British Museum in 1757.

The Cottonian collection of manuscripts is now kept in the
Manuscript Department at the British Museum; but there are
numbers of printed books as well that are widely distributed.
A member of the Cotton Family is always a Family Trustee of
the British Museum. Sir Robert Cotton wrote a large number of
tracts, mainly political. The Cottonian MSS. are curiously
arranged under the names of the Roman Emperors.

COVENTRY, WILLIAM, FIFTH EARL OF COVENTRY

_Arms._--Sa., a fess erm., between 3 crescents sa.

_Crest._--A garb or, lying fesswise, thereon a cock gu., comb, wattles, and legs of the first.

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

_Helmet._--That of a Peer.

[SETTLE. _Honori Sacellum._ London, 1712.]

William Coventry (born c. 1688, died 18th March 1750) was the
son of Walter Coventry of London, the lineal representative
of Walter Coventry, brother of the first Earl of Coventry, in
which line, by special limitation, the Earldom was allowed
to rest. Mr. Coventry was Member of Parliament for Bridport,
and succeeded to the Earldom of Coventry in 1719. He was Lord
Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Worcester, a
Member of the Privy Council, and Clerk Comptroller of the Green
Cloth.

COVERT, WILLIAM

_Arms._--Quartered.

1. Gu., a fess ermine between 3 martlets or. _Covert._

2. Erm., 2 bars and a canton gu. _Boyes._

3. Gu., a fess between 3 lions' heads couped or. _St. Clair._

4. Arg., a chevron between 3 garbs gu. _Sheffield._

5. Or, 2 crescents, 1 and 1, gu., a canton erm. _Symonds._

6. Lozengy, arg. and gu., a fess sa. _Rockly._

7. Arg., a cross sa., with 2 crosses crosslet fitchée of the
last in the upper cantons. _Balderstone._

8. Arg., on a chief gu., 3 lions rampant arg. _Yonge._

9. Or, a cross gu. _Bourke._

10. Arg., 5 fusils in bend, gu. _Bradeston._

11. Arg., on a chief gu., 3 crosses pattée fitchée of the
first. _Dyall._

12. Arg., 3 garbs gu. _Comyn._

13. Lozengy, arg. and sa., each lozenge sa., charged with a
martlet or. _Croft_ (?).

[BABINGTON'S _Works_. London, 1615.]

William Covert of Kent belonged to an old family, members
of which were settled in Kent, Surrey, and Sussex since the
sixteenth century.

John Covert, a member of the same family, had a command at the
Siege of Boulogne in 1558.

COWPER, WILLIAM, FIRST EARL COWPER

_Arms._--Arg., 3 martlets gu., 2 and 1, on a chief engrailed of the last, as many annulets or. _Cowper._

_Note._--The annulets are wrongly shown on this stamp.

[SETTLE. _Fears and Dangers._ London, 1706.]

William Cowper (born c. 1655, died 10th October 1723) was
the son of Sir William Cowper, Bart., M.P. for Hertford, and
succeeded to his father's Baronetcy in 1706. He was educated at
St. Albans, and entered the Middle Temple in 1681, and became a
great lawyer and politician. In 1706 he was made Lord Keeper of
the Great Seal and created Baron Cowper of Wingham. In 1707 he
was Lord High Chancellor, and in 1718 was created Earl Cowper.
Lord Cowper was a Fellow of the Royal Society, a Governor of
the Charterhouse, and Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire.

CRACHERODE, CLAYTON MORDAUNT

_Arms._--Or, a saltire erm., between 4 lions' heads erased sa. _Cracherode._

_Crest._--A demi boar saliant reguardant or, wounded in the shoulder with an arrow ppr., which he holds in his mouth.

_Note._--Probably designed and the stamp cut by Roger Payne.

[SUETONIUS. _Opera._ Leovardiae, 1715.]

Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode (born 23rd June 1730, died 5th
April 1799) was a son of an officer of Marines, Colonel
Mordaunt Cracherode.