Chapter III: Introduction: 1 (3)

Clayton Cracherode was educated at Westminster and
Christchurch, Oxford, and was a Fellow of the Royal Society,
and of the Society of Antiquaries, and a Trustee of the British
Museum. He was ordained shortly after leaving Oxford. On the
death of his father, Mr. Cracherode became a rich man, and
spent his fortune freely in collecting choice books, bindings,
drawings, prints, coins, and gems, always getting the finest
examples procurable.

Mr. Cracherode was an eccentric and shy recluse; he hardly
ever left London, and his life is said to have been embittered
by the fact that he was liable to act as King's Cup-bearer
at a coronation, his manor at Great Wymondley being held on
that Tenure. The collections made by Mr. Cracherode were all
bequeathed to the British Museum except two books, a Bible left
to the Bishop of Durham, and a Homer to Cyril Jackson, Dean of
Christchurch, but both of these eventually were given to the
Museum Library. Several of Mr. Cracherode's books were bound
for him by Roger Payne, one of the greatest English bookbinders.

DERING, SIR EDWARD, BARONET

_Arms._--Or, a saltire sa. _Dering._

_Crest._--Out of an heraldic coronet a plume of 9 ostrich feathers, 4 and 5, arg.

_Legend._--EDOARDVS DERING MILES ET BARONETTVS.

[_The Catholike Moderator._ London, 1623.]

Edward Dering (born 28th January 1598, died 22nd June 1644) was
the son of Sir Anthony Dering of Surrenden. He was educated at
Cambridge, and soon became a collector and lover of antiquities.

In 1619 Dering received the honour of Knighthood, and in
1627 became a Baronet. He represented Kent in the House of
Commons, and interested himself much in religious matters. He
eventually got into trouble with Parliament about some of his
writings, and was imprisoned for a time in the Tower. He raised
a regiment for the King at the commencement of the Civil War,
and in consequence he suffered sequestration of his estates.
He does not appear to have succeeded well as a soldier. Dering
never recovered from the troubles incident upon his advocacy
of the Royalist cause, and he died in comparative poverty. He
has left several works and pamphlets, chiefly political or
theological.

D'EWES, SIR SYMONDS, BARONET

_Arms._--Or, 3 quatrefoils pierced gu. _D'Ewes._

_Crest._--A wolf's head erased or, about the neck a collar vairé.

[D'EWES. _Journals of Parliaments temp. Eliz._
Harl. MS. 73.]

Symonds D'Ewes (born 18th December 1602, died 8th April 1650)
was the son of Paul D'Ewes of Milden in Suffolk. He went to
Cambridge, and was called to the Bar in 1623. His tastes were
always of a literary and antiquarian character, and he was a
friend of Sir Robert Cotton. In 1626 he received the honour
of Knighthood, and on his father's death in 1631 he inherited
considerable property.

D'Ewes was High Sheriff of Suffolk and Member of Parliament
for Sudbury, and in 1641 he became a Baronet. He wrote many
valuable historical and antiquarian works; his "Diaries"
are now in the British Museum, as are several others of his
manuscripts, forming part of the Harleian Collection.

DIGBY, SIR KENELM, KNIGHT

_Arms._--Quarterly.

1. Az., a fleur-de-lys arg. _Digby._

2. Arg., a chevron between 3 crosses crosslet fitchée.
_Davenport._

3. Erm., on a bend sa., 3 goats' heads erased arg., armed or.
_Mulsho._

4. Gu., semé of crosses crosslet arg., 3 leopards' heads
jessant-de-lys, arg. _Neville._

On an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of Venetia Stanley.

Quarterly.

1st and 4th grand quarters arg., on a bend az., 3 bucks' heads
cabossed or, a crescent for difference. _Stanley._

2nd grand quarter, quarterly.

1st and 4th or, a lion rampant az. _The Duke of Brabant._

2nd and 3rd gu., 3 lucies hauriant arg. _Lucy._

3rd grand quarter az., 5 fusils conjoined in fess or. _Percy._

_Crest._--An ostrich arg., with a horseshoe in his mouth ppr.

_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.

[ARISTOTLE. _Opera._ Lut. Parisiorum, 1619.]

_Variety._--Impaled.

Dexter: Quarterly.

1st and 4th, _Digby._ }
} _Sir Kenelm Digby._
2nd and 3rd, _Mulsho._ }

Sinister: Quarterly.

1st and 4th, _Stanley._ }
2nd and 3rd, _The Duke_ } _Venetia Stanley._
_of Brabant._ }

[BOCCALINI. _Delli Avvisi di Parnaso._ Venetia, 1619.]

_Variety._--Within a vesica.

Quarterly.

1. _Digby._ 3. _Mulsho._ }
} _Sir Kenelm Digby._
2. _Davenport._ 4. _Neville._ }

On an escutcheon of pretence.

Quarterly.

1. _Stanley._ 3. _Lucy._ }
2. _The Duke of_ 4. _Percy._ } _Venetia Stanley._
_Brabant._ }

_Legend._--INSIGNIA KENELMI DIGBY EQVITIS AVRATI.

[PLATO. _Opera._ Paris, 1578.]

Initials "K.D." for Kenelm Digby, and "V." for Venetia, his wife.

[ARISTOTLE. _Opera._
Lut. Parisiorum, 1619.]

Kenelm Digby (born 11th July 1603, died 11th June 1665) was
the elder son of Sir Everard Digby, Knight, and Mary Mulsho,
his wife. He inherited large estates from his father in spite
of the fact that much of Sir Everard's property had been
confiscated. Kenelm Digby was educated at Oxford, at Gloucester
Hall, near Worcester College. He travelled much on the
Continent, particularly in France and in Spain. In 1623 he was
Knighted by James I. Quite early in life he had fallen in love
with Venetia, daughter of Sir Edward Stanley, and in 1625 he
married her.

In 1627 Digby fitted out and commanded a curious privateering
expedition, and captured several French, Dutch, Spanish,
Flemish, and Venetian ships, but his conduct was disavowed
by the English government. Digby was suspected of popish
sympathies and suffered various terms of imprisonment in
consequence, but in 1643 he was allowed to leave England for
France, and for a time he made his home in Paris, a town to
which he had always been very partial, and he appears to have
been well received by Louis XIV.

Sir Kenelm Digby wrote a large number of books, religious,
philosophical, and scientific; he was a man of much
imagination, and took delight in inventing quack medicines. He
possessed a large library; many of his books were presented to
the Bodleian Library at Oxford, others are said to have been
given to Louis XIV., and others again were scattered. On some
of the volumes the coat-of-arms of Digby alone occurs, but
in the majority of cases the coat-of-arms is quartered with
various other family coats, and has also the coat-of-arms of
Venetia Stanley either impaled or borne as an escutcheon of
pretence. Many of Sir Kenelm's books were bound in Paris.

DORMER, ROBERT, EARL OF CARNARVON

_Arms._--Impaled.

Dexter: Az., 10 billets or, 4, 3, 2, and 1, on a chief of the
second a demi lion rampant issuant sa. _Dormer._

Sinister: Per pale, az. and gu., 3 lions rampant arg. _Herbert._

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

[_Common Prayer._ Dublin, 1621.]

Robert Dormer (born circ. 1610 (?), died 20th September 1643)
was the only son of Sir William Dormer, son of Robert, Baron
Dormer of Wyng. In 1616 Robert Dormer succeeded to the Barony
of Dormer on the death of his grandfather, his father having
predeceased him. In 1628 he was created Earl of Carnarvon, and
in 1641 he was Lord Lieutenant of Bucks. Lord Carnarvon was
killed at the Battle of Newbury, where he fought as a Royalist.
He married in 1625 Anna Sophia Herbert, daughter of Philip,
Earl of Pembroke.

DOUGLAS, WILLIAM, DUKE OF QUEENSBERRY

_Arms._--Quarterly.

1st and 4th; arg., a human heart gu., imperially crowned ppr.,
on a chief az., 3 mullets of the field. _Douglas._

2nd and 3rd; az., a bend between 6 crosses crosslet fitchée or.
_Marr._

All within a bordure or, charged with the double tressure (flory counterflory) of Scotland, added by Charles II. to the coat of William Douglas, Earl of Queensberry, when he conferred upon him the Marquisate of Queensberry in 1681.

_Coronet._--That of a Duke.

_Supporters._--On each side a Pegasus arg., winged, maned, and hoofed or.

_Motto._--FORDWARD.

[BOETHIUS. _Scotorum Historiae a prima gentis origine._
Paris, 1526.]

_Crest._--A man's heart gu., ensigned with an imperial crown ppr., and winged or. _Douglas._

_Coronet._--That of a Duke.

_Initials._--W. D. (William Douglas).

[PLINY. _C. Plinii Secundi Historiae Naturalis_, Lib. xxxvii.
Lugd. Batavorum, 1635.]

William Douglas (born circ. 1637, died 28th March 1695),
Viscount Drumlanrig, was the son of James Douglas, second
Earl of Queensberry. In 1671 Lord Drumlanrig succeeded to
his father's honours, and in 1681 he received a step in the
Peerage, being created first Marquis of Queensberry. In 1684 he
was created Duke of Queensberry. His Grace was Justice-General
of Scotland in 1680 and a Lord of Session, and from 1682 to
1686 he was High Governor of Edinburgh Castle.

DUDLEY, ROBERT, EARL OF LEICESTER

_Crest._--A bear arg., muzzled and chained or, grimpant on a staff raguly arg. A crescent for difference. _Dudley._

_Initials._--R. D. (Robert Dudley).

[TRISSINO. _La Italia Liberata._ Venezia, 1547.]

Robert Dudley (born 24th June 1532, died 4th September 1588)
was a son of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. In 1549 he
married Amy Robsart, who was killed at Cumnor Place in Berks
in 1560. It was supposed this was done in order to allow of a
marriage between Dudley and Queen Elizabeth.

Lord Robert Dudley was a great favourite both of Edward VI.,
to whom he had been a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber and
Master of the Buckhounds, and of Queen Elizabeth. He was for
a time Member of Parliament for Norfolk. With his father,
the Duke of Northumberland, Lord Robert conspired to place
Lady Jane Grey on the throne of England, and for this he was
sentenced to death in 1553, but shortly afterwards he was
pardoned and restored in blood. Under Elizabeth Dudley received
many honours. He was made Master of the Horse, Lord Steward
of the Household, and Knight of the Garter in 1559, and in
1564 Earl of Leicester. In 1564 he was elected Chancellor of
Oxford University, and in 1575 he entertained the Queen at his
beautiful home at Kenilworth. Leicester was Lord Lieutenant of
Warwickshire and of other counties, and his possessions were
very great. He married a second time in 1573, but left no heir.

The emblem of the ragged staff, or "Sable a staff raguly
in bend arg.," was used as a coat-of-arms by the ancient
Earls of Warwick, and it shows, as well as a bear, in the
representations of the town of Warwick held in the hands of
figures in the "Rows Roll," written and illuminated by John
Rows of Warwick in the fifteenth century. The bear seems to
have been assumed as a cognizance by Earl Arthgallus, and may
either have been taken from the Warwick bear or as an allusion
to his name "Arth," in British meaning "Bear." The successive
Earls of Warwick used the bear and the ragged staff as a badge,
and Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, whose father, among other
honours, was nineteenth Earl of Warwick, used it as a crest.
Lord Leicester used a chained bear as his dexter supporter, and
the ragged staff shows on one of his many quarterings.

EDWARD VI., KING OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

_Arms._--Quarterly, France and England as used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).

_Crown._--Royal.

_Initials._--E. R. (Edvardus Rex).

This coat-of-arms is upon a binding made for Edward VI. by Thomas Berthelet, who had been Royal Bookbinder to Henry VIII. It has been, however, transferred to a volume which belonged to Queen Elizabeth.

[_Public Acts._ London, 1559.]

_Variety._--Quarterly, France and England as used by Henry VIII.
(q.v.).

_Crown._--Royal.

_Initials._--E. R. (Edvardus Rex).

[ANDREASI. _De Amplitudine misericordiae Dei oratio._
Basileae, 1550.]

_Badge._--A daisy ppr., crowned or.

The daisy was used as a badge by Edward VI., in memory of his great-grandmother, Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII.

[_Belief in Christ._ London, 1550.]

_Badge._--The triple ostrich plume arg., of the Prince of Wales, within a princely coronet or.

_Motto._--IHC (_sic_) DIEN.

_Initials._--E. P. (Edward, Prince.)

[_List of Cities, etc., named in Trogus Pompeius and in the
epistles of Cicero; addressed by Peter Olivarius to
Edward, Prince of Wales._ 1546, MS.]

Prince Edward (born 12th October 1537, died 6th July 1553)
was the son of Henry VIII. and Queen Jane Seymour, his third
wife. He succeeded his father on the throne of England in 1547,
and left the crown by will to his cousin Lady Jane Grey, the
result of which was that her relatives endeavoured to place her
upon the throne and she was beheaded in 1554 by order of Queen
Mary. Although the Prince of Wales's plumes were used on the
bindings made for Prince Edward, he never was Prince of Wales.
The majority of his bindings were made by Thomas Berthelet, and
they came to the British Museum with the rest of the old Royal
Library in 1757.

The supporters used by Edward VI. were the golden lion and the
red dragon, as they were used by Henry VIII. after 1528, but
they do not show on any of his bindings as far as is at present
known.

EDWARD VII., KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, AND OF THE BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS, DEFENDER OF THE FAITH; EMPEROR OF INDIA.

_Arms._--Within the Garter, and surrounded by the Collar of the Order of the Garter, dependent from which is the Great George.

Quarterly.

1st and 4th; gu., 2 lions passant guardant in pale or, langued
and unguled az. _England._

2nd; or, a lion rampant within a double tressure flory
counterflory gu. _Scotland._

3rd; az., a harp or, stringed arg. _Ireland._

_Crown._--Royal.

[For illustration see the Frontispiece.]

EGERTON, FRANCIS HENRY, EIGHTH EARL OF BRIDGWATER

_Arms._--Quarterly.

1st and 4th grand quarters; arg., a lion rampant gu., between 3
pheons sa. _Egerton._

2nd grand quarter; quarterly, France and England. _Mary,
daughter of Henry VII._

3rd grand quarter; barry of six, arg. and az. _Grey._

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

_Supporters._--Dexter, a horse; sinister, a griffin; each gorged with a ducal coronet.

_Motto._--SIC DONEC.

[_Rabani Mauri Tractatus super Librum Regum._
Eg. MS. 1783.]

_Variety._--The shield alone.

[BEZA. _Nov. Test._ London,
1582.]

_Crest._--A lion rampant gu., supporting an arrow erect or, headed and feathered arg.

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

[TAYLOR. _An arrant Thiefe._
London, 1625.]

Francis Henry Egerton (born 11th November 1756, died 11th
February 1829) was a son of John Egerton, Bishop of Durham.
He was educated at Eton and All Souls' College, Oxford, and
was for a long time Rector of Middle, Shropshire. He was a
Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries.
Mr. Egerton was a scholar and a book lover, and wrote several
books, mostly genealogical, a subject of which he was very fond.

In 1823, on the death of his brother, Mr. Egerton became Earl
of Bridgwater, but he remained in Paris, where he had lived
for some time. With the Peerage Lord Bridgwater inherited
a large fortune, and he bequeathed a large portion of this
in the endowment of Literature, one result of which was the
"Bridgwater Treatises." He also left a very large collection of
manuscripts and other treasures to the Trustees of the British
Museum, with property to allow of accessions.

ELIZABETH, QUEEN OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly, first and fourth, France; second and third, England, as used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).

_Crown._--Royal.

[GRANT. _Graecae Linguae Spicilegium._ London, 1577.]

_Variety._--Within the Garter.

[GUICCIARDINI. _Historie._ London, 1599.]

_Badge._--Upon a mound or, a falcon arg., royally crowned or, and holding in his dexter claw a Royal sceptre or; growing on the dexter side of the mound a rose-tree ppr., with red and white roses.

Queen Elizabeth used this badge in memory of her mother, Queen Anne, at whose coronation it was shown in a pageant. A falcon was the crest of the Ormond family, and it is shown sculptured on the tomb of the Earl of Wiltshire, father of Anne Bullen.

[_Trogi Pompeii historiarum Philippicarum Epitoma._
Paris, 1581.]

_Badge._--A Tudor rose, arg. and gu., seeded or, and leaved vert. Ensigned with a Royal Crown.

[CAIUS. _De Antiquitate Cantebrigiensis Academiae libri
duo._ Londini, 1574.]

_Badge._--A Tudor rose bearing a scroll upon which is the name "ELIZABETH."

[_New Testament._ London, 1532.]

The Princess Elizabeth (born 7th September 1533, died 24th
March 1603) was the daughter of Henry VIII. and his second wife
Anne Bullen.

In 1558 Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister Mary as Queen of
England. Queen Elizabeth loved magnificence of all kinds, and
the bindings made for her show a considerable range of style;
several were sumptuously bound in velvet with rich embroideries
and pearls, some of these being made by the workmen of
Archbishop Parker; other velvet bindings were stamped in gold,
and had overlays of coloured satin. As Princess, Elizabeth is
supposed to have embroidered a few bindings; two of these are
now in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and another is in the
British Museum. Others were in carved, engraved, or repoussé
gold finely enamelled, and numbers were in leather, both gold
tooled and blind tooled; some of the former were very likely
bound for the Queen by the printer John Day, who was the first
English binder to use inlays of leather coloured differently to
the main part of the binding.

Small series of triple dots and small corner-pieces show for
the first time on small books bound for Queen Elizabeth towards
the end of her reign.

The supporters used by Queen Elizabeth were the golden lion
and the red dragon; they show on some of the beautiful painted
bindings done for the Queen, but not on any of the stamps. The
Queen's portrait is sometimes found stamped on her books.

FINCH, HENEAGE, EARL OF AYLESFORD

_Arms._--Quarterly.

1st and 4th; arg., a chevron between 3 griffins passant.
_Finch._

2nd and 3rd; per pale, az. and gu., 3 lions rampant arg.
_Herbert._

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

_Motto._--NEC ELATA NEC DEIECTA.

[SACCHI. _Platinae hystoria de vitis potificum._
Venetiis, 1511.]

Heneage Finch (born c. 1647, died 22nd July 1719) was the
second son of the first Earl of Nottingham. Mr. Finch was an
eminent lawyer, and in 1678 he became Solicitor-General. He was
Member of Parliament for Oxford, and in 1702, shortly after the
accession of Queen Anne, he was chosen to receive Her Majesty
when she visited that city. On this occasion he was created
Baron of Guernsey. On the accession of George I. Lord Guernsey
was created Earl of Aylesford, and also made a Member of the
Privy Council and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.

FITZ-ALAN, HENRY, EIGHTEENTH EARL OF ARUNDEL

_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.

1st and 4th; gu., a lion rampant or. _Fitz-Alan._

2nd and 3rd; sa., a fret or. _Maltravers._

_Crest._--Out of an heraldic coronet gu., a demi eagle, wings displayed or.

_Helmet._--That of a Peer.

_Motto._--VIRTVTIS LAVS ACTIO.

_Note._--Coloured. The earliest heraldic book-stamp of an English subject as yet known.

[ARISTOTLE. Venetiis, 1513.]

_Badge._--A horse courant arg., bearing in his mouth a sprig of oak
ppr.

[_Biblia._ Venice, 1544.]

Henry Fitz-Alan (born c. 1511, died c. 1580) was the son of
William, Earl of Arundel, and succeeded his father in 1544.

Lord Arundel was a soldier of repute, and took part in the
siege of Boulogne in 1545. He gave political offence to the
Earl of Warwick in the reign of Edward VI. and was committed
to the Tower. He acted as Constable at the coronation of Queen
Mary, and as Lord High Steward at that of Queen Elizabeth. He
was a Knight of the Garter. Fond of books, Lord Arundel made
a large collection of them, and profited by the dissolution
of the monasteries in the early sixteenth century to add
to his library at Nonsuch. Many of his books had belonged
to Archbishop Cranmer. He bequeathed his library to his
son-in-law, Lord Lumley, and they were nearly all purchased
eventually by Henry, Prince of Wales.

FREDERICK, ELECTOR PALATINE OF THE RHINE, AFTERWARDS KING OF BOHEMIA.

_Arms._--Impaled.

Dexter: Quarterly.

1st and 4th; sa., a lion rampant or, crowned gu.
_Pfalz-am-Rhein._

2nd and 3rd; lozengy, az. and arg. _Bavaria._

Over all an escutcheon of pretence bearing a Royal orb as an
emblem of dominion.

Sinister: The Royal arms of James I. (q.v.).

_Crest._--Out of a princely coronet, a lion sejant or, crowned gu., between 2 buffalo horns lozengy, az. and arg.

_Supporters._--2 lions rampant or, crowned gu.

[LEGRAIN. _Decade contenant la vie et gestes de Henry le
Grand Roy de France._ Paris, 1614.]

Frederick V., Elector Palatine of the Rhine, married the
Princess Elizabeth (born 15th August 1596, died 13th February
1662), daughter of James VI. of Scotland, in 1613. In 1618,
Frederick was elected King of Bohemia; his acceptance of
this dignity is said to have been largely due to his wife's
ambition. As Queen of Bohemia, Elizabeth's life was not easy,
and she was never popular at Prague, and in 1622 the Palatinate
was taken by the Duke of Bavaria. Her father, now James I. of
England, does not appear to have taken much interest in the
Queen of Bohemia; neither in turn did Charles I. In 1632 the
King of Bohemia died, and the Queen passed the latter part of
her life in England.

Queen Elizabeth's youngest daughter, Sophia, Electress of
Hanover, was the mother of George I., King of England.

FREDERICK, PRINCE OF WALES

_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.

1st; _England_ and _Scotland_ impaled.

2nd; _France_.

3rd; _Ireland_.

4th; the arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany.

As used by George I. (q.v.); over all the label arg. of the eldest son of the King; and the whole ensigned with a Princely coronet.

_Crest._--A Princely coronet ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, coroneted with a princely coronet ppr.

_Helmet._--Royal.

_Supporters._--The lion and unicorn of England, differenced with a label of three points arg., and the lion wearing a Prince's coronet.

_Motto._--ICH DIEN.

[_Papers relating to Cuba._ London, 1744.]

Frederick Louis, Prince of Hanover, and afterwards Prince of
Wales (born 6th January 1707, died 20th March 1751), was the
eldest son of George, Electoral Prince of Hanover, afterwards
George II., King of England. In 1729 Prince Frederick was
created Prince of Wales, but all his life there were incessant
quarrels between himself and his parents. In 1736 he married
the Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha; it proved an unhappy
marriage.

The Prince of Wales died in 1751, from the after-effects of
an accidental blow from a tennis ball, and nobody appears to
have regretted him. He left nine children, the eldest of whom,
George, succeeded to the throne of England on the death of his
grandfather in 1760. The Prince of Wales' books were generally
bound in red morocco, with one or other of his armorial stamps,
some of which bear the label of the eldest son, and others do
not. But they all have the motto "ICH DIEN," and occasionally
the initials "F. P." at the top on each side of the crest.

GARRICK, DAVID

_Arms._--Per pale, or and az., in the dexter compartment a tower gu., and in the sinister, on a mount vert, a sea-horse arg., mane, fins, and tail of the first; on a chief or, 3 mullets of the second.

_Crest._--A mullet or.

[ETHEREGE. _The Comical Revenge._ London, 1690.]

David Garrick (born 19th February 1716, died 20th January 1779)
was the son of an officer in the army, and of Huguenot descent
from the family of La Garrique of Bordeaux. Garrick took to
the stage at an early age, and after having unsuccessfully
tried other means of making a livelihood he eventually took to
acting as a profession. He acted as an amateur at St. John's
Gate, Clerkenwell, and he wrote several plays. His family did
not approve of his becoming an actor, but his rapid success
ultimately reconciled them to it. His life-history is one of
unvarying triumphs, which, however, naturally made him many
enemies; he left the stage practically in 1762.

Garrick was a collector of treasures of all sorts, but
particularly copies of Early English plays, of which he made
a very large and valuable collection. These he bequeathed to
the British Museum. He left a large fortune, and was buried in
Westminster Abbey.

GEORGE I., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.

1st grand quarter; _England_ }
and _Scotland_ impaled. } As used by Queen
2nd grand quarter; _France_. } Anne.
3rd grand quarter; _Ireland_. }
4th grand quarter; the arms of the Royal
Dominions in Germany. Impaled.

Dexter: Gules, 2 lions passant guardant or. _Brunswick._

Sinister: Or, semée of hearts ppr., a lion rampant az.
_Lunenburg._

In the base point gu., a horse current arg. _Saxony._

Over all an escutcheon gu., charged with the Crown of
Charlemagne or, as a badge of the office of _High Treasurer
of the Holy Roman Empire_. The Crown of Charlemagne is one
of the finest Byzantine Crowns in the world, and it is
one of the very few heraldic bearings that are in actual
existence. It is of gold and richly ornamented with jewels
and enamels, and is kept in the Royal Treasury at Vienna.

_Crest._--A Royal Crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.

_Helmet._--Royal.

_Supporters._--The lion and unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).

_Motto._--DIEU ET MON DROIT.

_Initials._--G. R. (Georgius Rex).

_Badges._--A Tudor rose and a thistle.

[_The many advantages of a good Language._ 1724.]

George Lewis, Electoral Prince of Hanover (born 28th May 1660,
died 11th June 1727), was the eldest son of Sophia, youngest
daughter of the Princess Elizabeth, daughter of James I., and
Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburg. In 1714 Prince
George succeeded his cousin, Queen Anne, on the throne of
England. He was then fifty-four years of age, and firmly
fixed in his German ideas; he never spoke English well, and
took every possible opportunity of revisiting his electoral
dominions, where he died in 1727.

George I. made an important change in the English coat-of-arms,
by including the quartered coat containing the Arms of the
Royal Dominions in Germany, Brunswick, Lunenburg, and Saxony.
These arms were used in the fourth quarter by George I.,
George II., and George III. until 1801. After that date they
were shown on an escutcheon of pretence by George III., George
IV., and William IV., at whose death they were discontinued
altogether.

GEORGE II., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.

1st grand quarter; _England_ and _Scotland_ impaled.

2nd grand quarter; _France_.

3rd grand quarter; _Ireland_.

4th grand quarter; Brunswick impaling Lunenburg, Saxony in the
base point, and the Crown of Charlemagne on an escutcheon
of pretence; all as used by George I. (q.v.).

_Crest._--A Royal Crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.

_Supporters._--The lion and the unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).

_Motto._--DIEU ET MON DROIT.

_Badges._--Roses and a Thistle.

[BOERHAVE. _Methodus Studii Medici._ Amst., 1751.]

_Variety._--Used as Prince of Wales.

_Arms._--Within the Garter. Impaled.

Dexter: The Royal Arms of England, quarterly; first, England
and Scotland impaled; second, France; third, Ireland;
fourth, the arms of the Dominions of the Crown in Germany;
over all the label, with three points arg., of an elder son.

Sinister: The arms of Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Anspach.
Quartered.

1. Per fess, gu. and arg. _Magdeburg._

2. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Brandenburg._

3. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Jägerndorff._

4. Or, a griffin segreant gu. _Herz. Wenden._

5. Or, a griffin segreant sa. _Fürst Wenden._

6. Arg., a griffin segreant gu. _Pommern._

7. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Crossen._

8. Arg., a griffin segreant gu. _Kassuben._

9. Arg., an eagle displayed gu. _Prussia._

10. Per pale, arg. and gu. _Halberstadt._

11. Or, a lion rampant sa., crowned or, within a bordure
gobony, arg. and gu. _Nüremberg._

12. Gu., 2 keys in saltire or. _Minden._

13. Quarterly, arg. and sa. _Hohenzollern._

14. Gu., a cross ar. _Ratzeburg._

15. Gu. For right of Regalia.

_Crest._--A Prince's coronet ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, coroneted ppr.

_Helmet._--Royal.

_Supporters._--The lion and unicorn, the Royal Supporters of England, each charged with a Prince of Wales' label. The lion is coroneted with the coronet of a Royal Prince.

_Motto._--ICH DIEN.

[PLAYFORD. _Wit and Mirth._ London, 1714.]

_Variety._--Used as Prince of Wales. The Prince of Wales' plumes, within a princely coronet, and flanked by the initials "G. P." for "Georgius Princeps."

_Motto._--ICH DIEN.

[MUSGRAVE. _Antiquitates Britanno-Belgicae._
Exeter, 1719.]

George, Electoral Prince of Hanover, afterwards Prince of Wales
(born 30th October 1683, died 25th October 1760), was the only
son of George I., and succeeded his father on the throne of
England in 1727.

In 1753 an Act was passed "For the purchase of the Museum or
Collection of Sir Hans Sloane and of the Harleian Collection of
MSS.; and for providing one General Repository for the better
reception and more convenient use of the said Collections,
and of the Cottonian Library." In 1757 King George II. added
to these "Foundation Libraries" of the British Museum, the
old Royal Library of England, which had been largely brought
together by Henry, Prince of Wales. The old Royal Library
underwent several vicissitudes after the death of Prince Henry.
It was kept at St. James's Palace. When it was at length
incorporated with the Sloane and Cotton collections it numbered
altogether about fifteen thousand volumes, manuscripts, and
printed books.

On 2nd September 1705, Prince George, then Electoral Prince of
Hanover, married Wilhelmina Caroline (born 1st March 1683, died
20th November 1737), the eldest daughter of John Frederick,
Margrave of Brandenburg-Anspach. Queen Caroline made herself
as important in Court and political affairs as she had already
done as Princess, and allied herself strongly with Sir Robert
Walpole, then Minister of State, and her power became very
great, as the King gave way to her wishes almost invariably.
Both George II. and Queen Caroline disliked their eldest son
Frederick. During the King's several absences in Hanover, Queen
Caroline acted as Regent, to the great annoyance of the Prince
of Wales.

GEORGE III., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND, AFTERWARDS KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, AFTERWARDS KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

_First Coat-of-Arms_

_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.

1st, England and Scotland impaled. 2nd, France. 3rd, Ireland.
4th, The arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany; all as
used by George I. (q.v.).

_Crest._--A royal crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.

_Supporters._--The lion and the unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).

_Motto._--DIEU ET MON DROIT.

_Badges._--A rose for England and a thistle for Scotland.

_Note._--Used from 24th October 1760 until 1st January 1801.

[VITRUVIUS POLLIO. _Architecture._ London, 1791.]

_First Coat-of-Arms_

_Variety._--With supporters bearing the standards of St. George and St. Andrew. Probably a foreign design.

[SECONDAT. _Le Temple de Guide_. Parisiis, 1772.]

_First Coat-of-Arms_

_Variety._--Within the Garter, with the "George" jewel, and the badges and collars of the Orders of the Thistle and the Bath (Civil), with their respective mottoes, NEMO ME IMPUNE LACESSIT and TRIA JUNCTA IN UNO.

[PETAVIUS. _De Nithardo breve Syntagma._ Parisiis,
1613.]

_First Coat-of-Arms_

_Variety._--Used without supporters.

[MONRO. _Works._ Edinburgh, 1781.]

_Second Coat-of-Arms_

_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.

1st and 4th, England. 2nd, Scotland. 3rd, Ireland.

Over all, on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany ensigned with an electoral bonnet gu., turned up with miniver. Used from 1st January 1801 until 8th June 1816. Colours as used by George I. (q.v.).

_Crest, Supporters, and Motto_ as used by James I. (q.v.).

_Badges._--Roses and thistles.

[S. AUGUSTINUS. _De Civitate Dei, etc._ 1467.]

_Third Coat-of-Arms_

_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly, as in the preceding case, but with the Royal Hanoverian Crown, instead of the electoral bonnet, over the escutcheon of pretence. Used from 8th June 1816 until 29th January 1820.

_Crest, Supporters, Badges, and Motto._--As before, with a Royal helmet, but the shield is additionally enclosed within the collar of the Order of the Garter, dependent from which is the badge of the Great George.

[_Inventories of plate belonging to the Crown, etc._]

The Royal Initials ensigned with a Royal Crown.

[ALLIONIUS. _Tractatio de Miliarium origine et
curatione._ Aug. Taurinorum, 1758.]

The Irish Harp, crowned.

[_Lord's Journals of Ireland._ Dublin, 1780.]

George III. (born 4th June 1738, died 29th January 1820) was
the eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and grandson of
George II. He succeeded to the throne in 1760.

The troubles in Ireland ended, for a time, in the Legislative
Union in 1801. During the latter part of his reign George III.
became insane and the Prince of Wales was appointed Regent.
Almost as soon as George III. succeeded to the throne he began
collecting books, no doubt to a great extent induced to do so
because of the fact that George II. had practically denuded the
Royal Libraries of their treasures in 1757, but in many ways he
possessed the true collector's instinct. The Royal Librarian
was Sir Frederick Barnard, K.C.H., who travelled about the
Continent seeking early editions and desirable books generally,
under the advice of Dr. Samuel Johnson. Besides the books
collected abroad by Sir Frederick, large numbers were acquired
in England, among these the entire library of Joseph Smith,
British Consul at Venice. Sir Frederick Barnard did not neglect
the sale-room, and he acquired especially valuable additions to
the Royal Library at the sales of the important libraries of
James West, John Ratcliffe, and Richard Farmer, all of which
took place about the same time.

The library collected by George III. is now housed in the
beautiful room known as the "King's Library" in the British
Museum. All the books have one or other of the many book-stamps
used by the King impressed upon them, either on the sides or
on the back. The estimated number of volumes in the library at
the time of its acquisition by the British Museum was about
eighty-four thousand, as well as a very large collection of
charts, maps, and drawings, and several manuscripts. The books
in the King's Library are in splendid condition, and among them
are numbers of precious bindings, especially later English,
Scottish, and Irish. Several of the Royal books were bound by
Charles Kalthoeber, a German binder who copied the style and
stamps used by Roger Payne.

The coat-of-arms used by George III. in the early part of his
reign was the same as that used by his predecessor, viz. first
quarter, England and Scotland impaled; second quarter, France;
third quarter, Ireland; and fourth quarter, Brunswick impaling
Lunenburg, in the base point Saxony, and an escutcheon of
pretence bearing the crown of Charlemagne, as a badge of the
office of High Treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire. This coat
was used until 1801.

On the 1st of January 1801, a Proclamation was issued by the
King regarding the Legislative Union with Ireland, and certain
armorial changes are noted. The first is that in future the
title of the King is to be "of Great Britain and Ireland King,"
instead of as heretofore, "King of Great Britain, France, and
Ireland." Next the arms "shall be Quarterly: first and fourth
England; second Scotland; third Ireland; and it is our Will and
Pleasure that there shall be borne therewith on an escutcheon
of pretence, the arms of Our Dominions in Germany, ensigned
with the electoral Bonnet." So that now the fourth quarter, as
used by George I. and George II., is moved up, and shown on the
escutcheon of pretence in the centre of the shield.

It will be noticed that the Fleurs-de-lys of France are now
left out of the English coat-of-arms, as well as the title of
King of France. The arms of France had been used in the English
coat-of-arms since their adoption, with the motto "DIEU ET MON
DROIT," by Edward III. in 1341, when he claimed the throne of
France by right of his mother Isabella, only surviving child of
Philippe IV. From that time until 6th March 1706, when Queen
Anne changed the first quarter of the English coat, the French
Fleurs-de-lys had held the place of honour. Although the French
coat was discarded in 1801, the motto which alluded to the same
claim to the French throne has been retained and is still used.
The Fleurs-de-lys of France were at first semées, but Charles
VI. of France reduced them to three, and a corresponding change
was presently made in the English coat.

In 1816 the electorate of Hanover was given the rank of a
kingdom, so that the electoral bonnet no longer properly
represented the dignity. On 8th June 1816, a notice was given
in the London _Gazette_ that his Majesty was in future "King of
Hanover," and that a corresponding alteration is to be made in
the Royal arms, and it is ordered that, "instead of the arms of
His Majesty's Dominions in Germany, ensigned with the electoral
bonnet, as directed by His Majesty's Proclamation above
mentioned, there shall henceforth be used and borne with the
arms or ensigns armorial of His Majesty's said United Kingdom,
on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of His Majesty's
Dominions in Germany, ensigned with the Hanoverian Royal Crown."

The Royal title _Britanniarum Rex_, "King of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland," without the Ducal titles of the
Royal Dominions in Germany, which had been used by George I.
and George II., first appears on the Fifth Great Seal of George
III., used from 1st August 1815 to 17th September 1821.

GEORGE IV., KING OF THE BRITAINS

The coat-of-arms of George IV. was the same as the last used by George III., namely 1st and 4th, England; 2nd, Scotland; 3rd, Ireland; with the arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany on an escutcheon of pretence, ensigned with the Royal Crown of Hanover.

Several of the older book-stamps of George III. were, however, frequently used by George IV.

[_Inventories of plate at Windsor, etc._]

Used when Prince of Wales. A Prince of Wales' plume within a princely coronet.

[_London and its Environs
described._ London, 1761.]

George IV. used the same coat-of-arms as the last one of George
III., that is to say, first and fourth grand quarters, England;
second grand quarter, Scotland; and third grand quarter,
Ireland; on an escutcheon of pretence the arms of the Dominions
of the Crown in Germany, ensigned with the Hanoverian Royal
Crown.

When George IV. inherited the large library made by his
father, he very soon found that it was a very costly and
troublesome legacy, and at one time he was inclined to sell it
to the Emperor, Alexander I. of Russia. This idea, however,
was very displeasing to English feeling, and the Premier,
Lord Liverpool, was able to convince the King that any such
sale would be highly unpopular. After considerable trouble
the matter was amicably arranged, and Ministers were able
to satisfy the King by means of a fund called "Droits of
Admiralty," which they could dispose of without troubling
Parliament. The King then wrote a letter, 15th January 1823, to
Lord Liverpool, in which he says:--

"The King, my late revered and excellent father, having formed
during a long series of years, a most valuable and extensive
Library, I have resolved to present this collection to the
British Nation."

The library was consequently removed from Buckingham House to
the British Museum in 1828, and arranged in the beautiful room
built for it. In this room the books are kept by themselves,
apart from the rest of the library. It is probable that some
idea of the ultimate destination of this library existed as
long ago as 1791, as in that year a German preacher, Frederick
Wendeborn, wrote that the books in the King's private library,
"it is said, will be one time or another joined to those of the
British Museum."

GILBERT, JOHN, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK

_Arms._--Quarterly.

1st and 4th; erm., on a chevron sa., 3 roses arg. _Gilbert._

2nd and 3rd; arg., 2 bendlets sa. _Bradshaw._

_Note._-Used before 1726.

[TESAURO. _Patriarchae Genealogia._ Mediolani, 1645.]

John Gilbert (born circ. 1693, died 9th August 1761) was a
son of John Gilbert, Prebendary of Exeter. He was educated at
Oxford, and ordained about 1718.

In 1722 Gilbert succeeded to his father's Prebendal stall at
Exeter, and two years later he was made Dean. In 1726 Dr.
Gilbert was consecrated Bishop of Llandaff, and was afterwards
translated to Salisbury. In 1757 he became Archbishop of York.
Gilbert was not a man of much learning, and his preferment in
the Church is remarkable as being due more to influence than
character. He published several sermons.

GOWER, GEORGE GRANVILLE LEVESON, DUKE OF SUTHERLAND

_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quartered.

1. Quarterly;

1st and 4th, barry of 8, arg. and gu., over all a cross patonce
sa. _Gower._

2nd and 3rd, az., 3 laurel leaves or. _Leveson._

2. Barry of 8, arg. and gu., over all a cross patonce sa.
_Gower._

3. Gu., 3 clarions or. _Granville._

4. Arg., a lion rampant gu., between 3 pheons, sa. _Egerton._

5. Arg., on a bend az., 3 bucks' heads cabossed or. _Stanley._

6. Gu., 2 lions passant arg. _Strange._

7. Barry of 10, arg. and gu., a lion rampant or, on a canton
sa., a fess arg. _Brandon._

8. Quarterly;

1st and 4th, France.

2nd and 3rd, England; being the arms of England, borne by right
of descent from the Princess Mary, daughter of Henry VII.

_Coronet._--That of a Duke.

[JEWEL. _Defense of the Apologie, etc._ London, 1576.]

George Granville Leveson-Gower (born 9th January 1758, died
19th July 1833) was the son of Granville, Marquis of Stafford.
Lord George was summoned to the House of Lords as Baron Gower
during his father's lifetime, and succeeded to the Marquisate
in 1803.

The Marquis was a Member of the Privy Council and a Knight of
the Garter, and in 1833 he was created Duke of Sutherland. The
Earldom of Sutherland came into the Gower family by right of
Elizabeth, Countess of Sutherland in her own right, who married
the Duke in 1785. It is said to be the most ancient Earldom
in North Britain, and to date back as far as 1057. The Duke's
successors all used a quartering on their coat-of-arms for this
ancient Earldom, namely, gu., 3 mullets or, within a bordure of
the last, charged with a double tressure, flory counterflory of
the field.

GREEN, JOSEPH HENRY

_Arms._--Az., 3 bucks statant or. A crescent for difference. _Green._

_Motto._--NEC SPERO NEC DESPERO.

[BACON. _Of the Advancement and Proficience of Learning._
Oxford, 1640.]

Joseph Henry Green of Barnet (born 1st November 1791, died 13th
December 1863) was the second son of Joseph Green of London.
He was an eminent surgeon, and commenced his medical studies
in Germany. Returning to London, Green worked at St. Thomas's
Hospital, where he eventually held important office, becoming
chief surgeon in 1820. In 1824, Green was appointed Professor
of Anatomy at the College of Surgeons. He was Professor of
Surgery at King's College, a Fellow of the Royal Society, and
twice President of the College of Surgeons. Professor Green was
a friend and literary executor to S. T. Coleridge.

GRENVILLE, RT. HON. THOMAS

_Arms._--Vert., on a cross arg., 5 torteaux. A crescent for difference. _Grenville._

[_Tristan, Chlr. de la Table Ronde._ Paris.]

Thomas Grenville (born 31st December 1755, died 17th December
1846) was the second son of George Grenville of Wotton Hall,
Bucks, and was educated at Oxford. He served for a short time
in the army. In 1780 Grenville was Member of Parliament for
Buckinghamshire, and interested himself much in political
matters. In 1790 he was Member for Aldborough, and in 1794
he was Minister Extraordinary at Vienna. His younger brother
William, Baron Grenville, was Premier in 1806.

Grenville was a Member of the Privy Council, and in 1799
Ambassador to Berlin, and was the last person to hold the
office of Chief-Justice in Eyre south of Trent. He was for
a time First Lord of the Admiralty. In 1818 Grenville left
public life. He was always an eager collector of fine books,
and bequeathed his magnificent library to the nation. It is
now kept at the British Museum, of which Mr. Grenville was a
Trustee, in a room especially kept for it, and known as the
Grenville Room.

Among the Grenville books are still a few fine old bindings,
but the majority have been rebound by George Lewis, one of the
most eminent of the later English trade binders.

GREY, HENRY, EARL OF STAMFORD

_Arms._--Quartered.

1. Barry of 6, arg. and az. A label for difference. _Grey._

2. Sa., 6 mullets or, 3, 2, and 1. _Bonvile._

3. Arg., a fret sa. _Tollemache._

4. A cross engrailed between 4 water bougets sa. _Bourchier._

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

[_L'Histoire de France._ Paris, 1581.]

Henry Grey (born c. 1599, died 23rd August 1673) was the son
of Sir John Grey, and grandson of Henry, first Baron Grey of
Groby, to whom he succeeded in the barony in 1614. In 1628 Lord
Grey was created Earl of Stamford. He was a soldier, and held a
command in the Parliamentary Army, but proved a bad General. He
was Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire, and served for a time as
Member of Parliament for that county. In 1645 he was impeached
in the House of Commons for an assault on Sir Arthur Haselrig.

Many of the books which had belonged to Lord Stamford
subsequently came into the possession of Robert Harley, Earl of
Oxford, and now form part of the Harleian Library.

GULSTON, WILLIAM, BISHOP OF BRISTOL

_Crest._--An ostrich wing, the feathers alternately arg. and gu., charged with a bend sa., charged with 3 plates. _Gulston._

[BOCCACCIO. _Decamerone._ Firenze, 1516.]

_Arms._--Arg., 3 bars nebuly gu., over all a bend sa., charged with 3 plates. _Gulston._

_Note._--Used by a lady of the Gulston family.

[COQVILLE. _Histoire du Pays et Duché de Nivernois._
Paris, 1612.]

Variety of crest in smaller size.

[_Tirante il Bianco valorissimo Cavaliere._ Vinegia, 1538.]

William Gulston was Rector of Symondsbury in Dorsetshire. In
1679 he was consecrated Bishop of Bristol, a preferment he held
until his death in 1684.

The Gulston coat-of-arms is shown on the screen in Bristol
Cathedral. The coat shown on a lozenge is that of a lady of the
Gulston family, possibly a daughter of the Bishop. In most of
the books on which this coat occurs there is a book-plate of
"Elize Gulston," so the book-stamp was in all probability hers
also. Both the small coat and the small crest are usually added
on the backs of finely bound books, but the large crest occurs
on the side in the usual manner.

HAMILTON, JOHN, ARCHBISHOP OF ST. ANDREWS

_Arms._--On an archiepiscopal cross. Quarterly.

1 and 4. Gu., 3 cinquefoils erm. _Hamilton._

2 and 3. Arg., a lymphad sa. _Arran._

[CELSUS. _De arte Medicina._ Basileae.]

John Hamilton (born c. 1510, died 1st April 1570) at an early
age became a Benedictine monk at Kilwinning, and in time went
to study at Paris. The Regent Arran was his half-brother, and
the priest had considerable influence with him. Hamilton's
preferment in the Church was rapid. In 1545 he was made Bishop
of Dunkeld, and in 1546 succeeded David Beaton as Archbishop of
St. Andrews and Primate of Scotland. He was also Keeper of the
Privy Seal and Lord Treasurer of Scotland.

The Archbishop was a strong adherent of Mary, Queen of
Scotland, and was a Member of her Privy Council; he actively
helped her escape from Loch Leven, as well as taking the field
on her behalf. He was accused of complicity in the murders of
Darnley and of the Regent Moray. Archbishop Hamilton wrote
several theological works. He was hanged at Stirling in 1570.

HARBORNE, WILLIAM

_Arms._--Gu., a lion passant or, between 3 bezants. _Harborne._

_Motto._--DEVS INDVSTRIAM BEAT.

[PASSE. _Hortus Floridus._ Utrecht, 1615.]

William Harborne (born circ. 1550, died 9th September 1617)
was the son of William Harborne of Great Yarmouth. He was a
great traveller. In 1582 Harborne was appointed the Queen's
Ambassador to Turkey, and remained at Constantinople until
1588. His tenure of this office was beneficial to trade, and he
also procured several privileges from the Sultan as to English
travellers in the East. Mr. Harborne wrote an account of his
voyage to Constantinople, and other books about his stay there.
His manuscripts are mostly at the British Museum or at the
Bodleian Library at Oxford.

HARLEY, ROBERT, EARL OF OXFORD AND EARL OF MORTIMER

_Arms._--Or, a bend cotised sa. _Harley._

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

_Supporters._--Two angels ppr.

_Motto._--VIRTUTE ET FIDE.

[_Survey of Manors in various Counties._ Harl. MS. 2192.]

_Arms._--Or, a bend cotised sa. _Harley._

_Motto._--VIRTVTE ET FIDE.

_Legend._--ROBERT HARLEY.

[_The Annals of King James and King Charles the First._
London, 1681.]

Robert Harley (born 5th December 1661, died 21st May 1724) was
the son of Sir Edward Harley of Brampton Bryan, Herefordshire.
Robert Harley was Member of Parliament for Tregony, and
afterwards for New Radnor, and was distinguished for his
knowledge of finance. In 1701 he became Speaker of the House of
Commons, and had a considerable share in the passing of the Act
for the Protestant succession to the Throne of England.

In 1704, Mr. Speaker Harley became a Member of the Privy
Council, and also was made one of the Principal Secretaries
of State. Owing to various jealousies and plots against him,
Harley resigned office in 1707. In 1710 he was made Chancellor
of the Exchequer; in 1711 he was nearly assassinated by Antoine
de Guiscard, a French adventurer, and his escape increased his
popularity, and he was created Earl of Oxford, and Lord High
Treasurer, an office he held until 1714.

In 1715 Lord Oxford was impeached for betrayal of duty and
other matters, twenty-two articles in all, and in 1717 he was
acquitted after a long trial.

Through all his many political troubles, Harley continued the
collection of manuscripts, which was his dearest hobby. He
brought together many of the most famous collections, among
them those of Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Symonds D'Ewes, and the
Earl of Stamford. In the Harleian Library were about six
thousand volumes of manuscripts, as well as about fifteen
thousand separate rolls and charters, and this collection was
largely added to by the second Earl. The entire collection was
purchased by Parliament in 1753, and is now in the British
Museum. The printed books were dispersed.

Many of the Harleian books were bound, generally in red
morocco, by Thomas Eliot and Christopher Chapman, with broad,
gold-tooled borderings, and this style is known as the
"Harleian." Several of Lord Oxford's favourite books have a
facsimile signature "Robert Harley," impressed inside on the
paper in gold. A member of the Harley family always holds one
of the six family trusteeships of the British Museum.

HASTINGS, FERDINANDO, SIXTH EARL OF HUNTINGDON

_Crest._--A bull's head erased sa., armed and ducally gorged or. _Hastings._

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

_Motto._--HONORANTES ME HONORABO.

[CAMDEN. _Tomus alter Annalium Rerum Anglicarum ...
regnante Elizabetha._ Londini, 1627.]

_Crest._--A bull's head erased sa., armed and ducally gorged or. _Hastings._

_Coronet._--That of an Earl.

[REUSNER. ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΩΝ _operis Genealogici Catholici Auctarium,
illustres Stirpes Comitum continens, etc._ Francofurti, 1592.]

Ferdinando Hastings (born 18th January 1608, died 13th February
1655) was the son of Henry, fifth Earl of Huntingdon, and his
wife Elizabeth, daughter of Ferdinando, Earl of Derby. He
succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1643. Lord Huntingdon
married Lucy, daughter of Sir John Davis of Englefield, Berks.

HATTON, SIR CHRISTOPHER, KNIGHT

_Arms._--Quartered.

1. Az., a chevron between 3 garbs or. _Hatton._

2. Arg., a cross flory between 4 cornish choughs, ppr.
_Offley._

3. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Browne._

4. Arg., a bend lozengy gu. _Bradeston._

5. Az., a cross engrailed erm. _Stanton._

6. Gu., a saltire arg. _Nevill_ of Raby.

7. Az., a chevron between 3 garbs or; a crescent for
difference. _Hatton._

8. Arg., a fess sa., in chief a crescent of the last. _York._

9. Az., 5 cinquefoils in cross arg., 1, 3, and 1. _Holdenby._

10. Bendy, arg. and sa., on a canton of the second a castle of
the first. _Carrell._

11. Gu., on a chief or, 3 quatrefoils vert. _Wedson._

_Crest._--A hind passant or.

_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.

[_Bible._ London, 1588.]

Christopher Hatton (born c. 1540, died 20th November
1591) was the youngest son of William Hatton of Holdenby,
Northamptonshire. He was educated at Oxford and entered the
Middle Temple.

Queen Elizabeth noticed Hatton at a masque, and was struck by
his good looks and graceful dancing. He was shortly afterwards
attached to the Court, and became a Gentleman of the Privy
Chamber, Captain of the Guard, Vice-Chamberlain, and a Member
of the Privy Council. In 1587 he was made Lord Chancellor, and
also a Knight of the Garter. From 1588 until he died, Hatton
was Chancellor of the University of Oxford. He wrote a few
books on law or the drama, and had a considerable library.

HEATH, BENJAMIN

_Arms._--Sa., 3 heathcocks arg., membered gu. _Heath._

[COLLE. _Medicina Practica._ Pisauri, 1617.]

Benjamin Heath (born 20th April 1704, died 13th September 1766)
was a son of Benjamin Heath, a merchant of Exeter. He inherited
a considerable fortune from his father, and as a young man
travelled much on the Continent.

Mr. Heath spent all his life in the pursuit of literature and
the collection of books. Among his writings is one of some
importance, "Notæ sive Lectiones ad Æschyli, quæ supersunt
dramata," published at Oxford in 1762. He was a D.C.L. of
Oxford. He also wrote some political pamphlets, and others
concerning Shakespeare. Dr. Heath left a large family, and one
of his sons became headmaster of Eton. His library was very
extensive, and he gave a large portion of it to his sons during
his lifetime, and the remainder was sold in 1810.

HENRY VII., KING OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE, AND LORD OF IRELAND

_Arms._--Quarterly.

1st and 4th; az., 3 fleurs-de-lys or. _France._

2nd and 3rd; gu., 3 lions passant or, langued and unguled az.
_England._

_Crown._--Royal, but of a type used before the time of Henry VI. and supported by two angels.

_Supporters._--Two lions sejant arg. _Mortimer, Earls of March._