Chapter XX: Part II: Questions and Examples (2)

1. What is it to _avenge_? 2. How does _avenge_ differ from _revenge_? 3. Which word would be used of an act of God? 4. Is _retaliate_ used in the sense of _avenge_ or of _revenge_?

EXAMPLES.

O, that the vain remorse, which must chastise
Crimes done, had but as loud a voice to warn
As its keen sting is mortal to ----.

I lost mine eye laying the prize aboard,
And therefore to ---- it, shalt thou die.

* * * * *

AVOW (page 69).

QUESTIONS.

1. Which words of this group refer exclusively to one's own knowledge or action? 2. What is the distinctive sense of _aver_? of _avouch_? of _avow_? 3. How do _avouch_ and _avow_ differ from _aver_ in construction? 4. Is _avow_ used in a good or a bad sense? What does it imply of others' probable feeling or action? 5. How does _avow_ compare with _confess_?

EXAMPLES.

And, but herself, ---- no parallel.

The child ---- his fault and was pardoned by his parent.

* * * * *

AWFUL (page 70).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what matters should _awful_ properly be restricted? 2. Is _awful_ always interchangeable with _alarming_ or _terrible_? with _disagreeable_ or _annoying_?

EXAMPLES.

Then must it be an ---- thing to die.

The silent falling of the snow is to me one of the most ---- things
in nature.

* * * * *

AWKWARD (page 70).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the derivation and original meaning of _awkward_? of _clumsy_? 2. To what, therefore, does _awkward_ primarily refer? and to what _clumsy_? 3. Is a draft-horse distinctively _awkward_ or _clumsy_? 4. Give some metaphorical uses of _awkward_.

EXAMPLES.

Though he was ----, he was kindly.

The apprentice was not only ----, but ----, and had to be taught
over and over again the same methods.

The young girl stood in a ---- way, looking in at the showy
shop-windows.

* * * * *

AXIOM (page 71).

QUESTIONS.

1. In what do _axiom_ and _truism_ agree? 2. In what do they differ? 3. How do they compare in interest and utility?

EXAMPLES.

It is almost an ---- that those who do most for the heathen abroad
are most liberal for the heathen at home.

Trifling ----s clothed in great, swelling words of vanity.

* * * * *

BABBLE (page 71).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what class do most of the words in this group belong? Why are they so called? 2. What is the special significance of _blab_ and _blurt_? How do they differ from each other in use? 3. What is _chat_? 4. How does _prattling_ differ from _chatting_? 5. In what sense is _jabber_ used? How does it compare with _chatter_?

EXAMPLES.

"The crane," I said, "may ---- of the crane,
The dove may ---- of the dove."

Two women sat contentedly ----ing, one of them amusing a ----ing
babe.

* * * * *

BANISH (page 72).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what land may one be _banished_? From what _expatriated_ or _exiled_? 2. By whom may one be said to be _banished_? by whom _expatriated_ or _exiled_? 3. Which of these words is of widest import? Give examples of its metaphorical use.

* * * * *

BANK (page 72).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _beach_? a _coast_? 2. How does each of the above words differ from _bank_? 3. What is the distinctive sense of _strand_? In what style of writing is it most commonly used? 4. What are the distinctive senses of _edge_ and _brink_?

* * * * *

BANTER (page 73).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _banter_? 2. How is _badinage_ distinguished from _banter_? _raillery_ from both? 3. What is the distinctive sense of _irony_? 4. Is _irony_ kindly or the reverse? _badinage_? _banter_? 5. What words of this group are distinctly hostile? 6. Is _ridicule_ or _derision_ the stronger word? What is the distinction between the two? between _satire_ and _sarcasm_? between _chaff_, _jeering_, and _mockery_?

* * * * *

BARBAROUS (page 73).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _barbarian_? 2. What is the added significance of _barbaric_? 3. How does _barbarous_ in general use differ from both the above words? 4. What special element is commonly implied in _savage_? 5. In what less opprobrious sense may _barbarous_ and _savage_ be used? Give instances.

EXAMPLES.

A multitude like which the populous North
Poured never from her frozen loins, to pass
Rhene or the Danaw, when her ---- sons
Came like a deluge on the south.

Or when the gorgeous East, with richest hand,
Showers on her kings ---- pearl and gold.

It is most true, that a natural and secret hatred and aversation
toward society, in any man, hath somewhat of the ---- beast.

Thou art bought and sold among those of any wit like a ---- slave.

* * * * *

BARRIER (page 74).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _bar_? and what is its purpose? 2. What is a _barrier_? 3. Which word is ordinarily applied to objects of great extent? 4. Would a mountain range be termed a _bar_ or a _barrier_? 5. What distinctive name is given to a mass of sand across the mouth of a river or harbor?

* * * * *

BATTLE (page 74).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the general meaning of _conflict_? 2. What is a _battle_? 3. How long may a _battle_ last? 4. On how many fields may one _battle_ be fought? 5. How does _engagement_ differ from _battle_? How does _combat_ differ? _action_? _skirmish_? _fight_?

* * * * *

BEAUTIFUL (page 76).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is necessary to constitute an object or a person _beautiful_? 2. Can _beautiful_ be said of that which is harsh and ragged, however grand? 3. How is _beautiful_ related to our powers of appreciation? 4. How does _pretty_ compare with _beautiful_? _handsome_? 5. What does _fair_ denote? _comely_? _picturesque_?

EXAMPLES.

I pray thee, O God, that I may be ---- within.

A happy youth, and their old age is ---- and free.

'Twas sung, how they were ---- in their lives
And in their death had not divided been.

How ---- has the day been, how bright was the sun.
How lovely and joyful the course that he run.
Though he rose in a mist when his race he began
And there followed some droppings of rain!

* * * * *

BECOMING (page 77).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _becoming_? of _decent_? of _suitable_? 2. Can that which is worthy or beautiful in itself ever be otherwise than _becoming_ or _suitable_? Give instances. 3. What is the meaning of _fit_? How does it differ from _fitting_ or _befitting_?

EXAMPLES.

A merrier man,
Within the limit of ---- mirth,
I never spent an hour's talk withal.

Still govern thou my song,
Urania, and ---- audience find, tho few.

Indeed, left nothing ---- for your purpose
Untouch'd, slightly handled, in discourse.

In such a time as this, it is not ----
That every nice offense should bear his comment.

How could money be better spent than in erecting a ---- building for
the greatest library in the country?

* * * * *

BEGINNING (page 78).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is _beginning_ derived? _commencement_? How do the two words differ in application and use? Give instances. 2. What is an _origin_? a _source_? a _rise_? 3. How are _fount_, _fountain_, and _spring_ used in the figurative sense?

EXAMPLES.

For learning is the ---- pure,
Out from which all glory springs.

Truth is the ---- of every good to gods and men.

Courage, the mighty attribute of powers above,
By which those great in war are great in love;
The ---- of all brave acts is seated here.

It can not be that Desdemona should long continue her love to the
Moor, nor he his to her: it was a violent ----, and thou shalt see
an answerable sequestration.

In the ---- God created the heaven and the earth.

* * * * *

BEHAVIOR (page 79).

QUESTIONS.

1. How do _behavior_ and _conduct_ differ? 2. What is the special sense of _carriage_? of _bearing_? _demeanor_? 3. What is _manner_? _manners_?

EXAMPLES.

Our thoughts and our ---- are our own.

Good ---- are made up of petty sacrifices.

* * * * *

BENEVOLENCE (page 80).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the original distinction between _benevolence_ and _beneficence_? 2. In what sense is _benevolence_ now most commonly used? 3. What words are commonly used for _benevolence_ in the original sense? 4. What was the original sense of _charity_? the present popular sense? 5. What of _humanity_? _generosity_? _liberality_? _philanthropy_?

EXAMPLES.

---- is a virtue of the heart, and not of the hands.

The secrets of life are not shown except to ---- and likeness.

* * * * *

BIND (page 81).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinctive sense of _bind_? 2. What is the special meaning of _tie_? 3. In how general a sense is _fasten_ used? 4. Which of the above three words is used in a figurative sense?

EXAMPLES.

Shut, shut the door, good John! fatigu'd, I said;
---- up the knocker, say I'm sick, I'm dead.

Adjust our lives to loss, make friends with pain,
---- all our shattered hopes and bid them bloom again.

* * * * *

BITTER (page 81).

QUESTIONS.

1. How may _acid_, _bitter_, and _acrid_ be distinguished? _pungent_? _caustic_? 2. In metaphorical use, how are _harsh_ and _bitter_ distinguished? 3. What is the special significance of _caustic_? 4. Give examples of these words in their various uses.

* * * * *

BLEACH (page 82).

QUESTIONS.

1. How do _bleach_ and _blanch_ differ from _whiten_? from each other?

EXAMPLES.

You can behold such sights,
And keep the natural ruby of your cheeks,
When mine is ---- with fear.

We let the years go: wash them clean with tears,
Leave them to ---- out in the open day.

* * * * *

BLEMISH (page 82).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _blemish_? 2. How does it differ from a _flaw_ or _taint_? 3. What is a _defect_? a _fault_? 4. Which words of this group are naturally applied to reputation, and which to character?

EXAMPLES.

Every page enclosing in the midst
A square of text that looks a little ----.

The noble Brutus
Hath told you Cæsar was ambitious:
If it were so, it was a grievous ----.

* * * * *

BLUFF (page 83).

QUESTIONS.

1. In what sense are _bluff_, _frank_, and _open_ used? 2. In what sense are _blunt_, _brusk_, _rough_, and _rude_ employed?

EXAMPLES.

There are to whom my satire seems too ----.

Stout once a month they march, a ---- band
And ever but in times of need, at hand.

* * * * *

BOUNDARY (page 84).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the original sense of _boundary_? 2. How does it differ in usage from _bound_ or _bounds_? 3. In what style and sense is _bourn_ used? 4. What is the distinctive meaning of _edge_?

EXAMPLES.

So these lives ...
Parted by ----s strong, but drawing nearer and nearer,
Rushed together at last, and one was lost in the other.

In worst extremes, and on the perilous ----
Of battle.

* * * * *

BRAVE (page 85).

QUESTIONS.

1. How does _brave_ differ from _courageous_? 2. What is the special sense of _adventurous_? of _bold_? of _chivalrous_? 3. How do these words differ from _venturesome_? 4. What is especially denoted by _fearless_ and _intrepid_? 5. What does _valiant_ tell of results? 6. What ideas are combined in _heroic_?

EXAMPLES.

A ---- man is also full of faith.

Fir'd at first sight with what the Muse imparts,
In ---- youth we tempt the heights of Arts.

Thy danger chiefly lies in acting well;
No crime's so great as ---- to excel.

* * * * *

BUSINESS (page 88).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinctive meaning of _barter_? 2. What does _business_ add to the meaning of _barter_? 3. What is _occupation_? Is it broader than _business_? 4. What is a _vocation_? 5. What (in the strict sense) is an _avocation_? 6. What is implied in _profession_? _pursuit_? 7. What is a _transaction_? 8. How does _trade_ differ from _commerce_? 9. What is _work_? 10. What is an _art_ in the industrial sense? a _craft_?

EXAMPLES.

A man must serve his time to every ----.

We turn to dust, and all our mightiest ----s die too.

* * * * *

CALCULATE (page 90).

QUESTIONS.

1. How do you distinguish between _count_ and _calculate_? _compute_, _reckon_ and _estimate_? 2. Which is used mostly with regard to future probabilities? 3. Do we use _compute_ or _estimate_ of numbers exactly known? 4. Of _compute_, _calculate_, and _estimate_, which is used with especial reference to the future?

EXAMPLES.

There were 4046 men in the district, by actual ----.

The time of the eclipse was ---- to a second.

We ask them to ---- approximately the cost of the building.

* * * * *

CALL (page 91).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinctive meaning of _call_? 2. Do we ever apply _bellow_ and _roar_ to human sounds? 3. Can you give more than one sense of _cry_? 4. Are _shout_ and _scream_ more or less expressive than _call_? 5. Which of the words in this group are necessarily and which ordinarily applied to articulate utterance? Which rarely, if ever, so used?

EXAMPLES.

---- for the robin redbreast and the wren.

The pioneers could hear the savages ---- outside.

I ---- my servant and he came.

The captain ---- in a voice of thunder to the helmsman, "Put your
helm hard aport!"

* * * * *

CALM (page 91).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what classes of objects or states of mind do we apply _calm_? _collected_? _quiet_? _placid_? _serene_? _still_? _tranquil_? 2. Do the antonyms _boisterous_, _excited_, _ruffled_, _turbulent_, and _wild_, also apply to the same? 3. Can you contrast _calm_ and _quiet_? 4. How many of the preceding adjectives can be applied to water? 5. How does _composed_ differ from _calm_?

EXAMPLES.

The possession of a ---- conscience is an estimable blessing.

The water is said to be always ---- in the ocean depths.

---- on the listening ear of night
Fall heaven's melodious strains.

* * * * *

CANCEL (page 92).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the difference in method involved in the verbs _cancel_, _efface_, _erase_, _expunge_, and _obliterate_? 2. Which suggest the most complete removal of all trace of a writing? 3. How do the figurative uses of these words compare with the literal? 4. Is it possible to _obliterate_ or _efface_ that which has been previously _canceled_ or _erased_?

EXAMPLES.

It is practically impossible to clean a postage-stamp that has been
properly ---- so that it can be used again.

With the aid of a sharp penknife the blot was quickly ----.

By lapse of time and elemental action, the inscription had become
completely ----.

* * * * *

CANDID (page 93).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what class of things do we apply _aboveboard_? _candid_? _fair_? _frank_? _honest_? _sincere_? _transparent_? 2. Can you state the similarity between _artless_, _guileless_, _naive_, _simple_, and _unsophisticated_? How do they differ as a class from the words above referred to? 3. How does it happen that "To be frank," or "To be candid" often precedes the utterance of something disagreeable?

EXAMPLES.

The sophistry was so ---- as to disgust the assembly.

A. T. Stewart relied on ---- dealing as the secret of mercantile
success.

An ---- man will not steal or defraud.

---- she seems with artful care
Affecting to be unaffected.

* * * * *

CARE (page 94).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the special difference between _care_ and _anxiety_? 2. Wherein does _care_ differ from _caution_? _solicitude_ from _anxiety_? _watchfulness_ from _wariness_? 3. Can you give some of the senses of _care_? 4. Is _concern_ as strong a term as _anxiety_? 5. What is _circumspection_? _precaution_? _heed_?

EXAMPLES.

Take her up tenderly, lift her with ----.

A military commander should have as much ---- as bravery.

The invaders fancied themselves so secure against attack that they
had not taken the ---- to station sentinels.

* * * * *

CARICATURE (page 95).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinctive meaning of _caricature_? 2. What is the special difference between _parody_ and _travesty_? between both and _burlesque_? 3. To what is _caricature_ mostly confined? 4. How do _mimicry_ and _imitation_ differ? 5. Is an _extravaganza_ an _exaggeration_?

EXAMPLES.

The eagle nose of the general was magnified in every artist's ----.

His laughable reproduction of the great actor's vagaries was a
clever bit of ----.

If it be not lying to say that a fox's tail is four feet long, it is
certainly a huge ----.

* * * * *

CARRY (page 96).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what sort of objects do we apply _bear_? _carry_? _move_? _take_? 2. What kinds of force or power do we indicate by _convey_, _lift_, _transmit_, and _transport_? 3. What is the distinction between _bring_ and _carry_? between _carry_ and _bear_? 4. What does _lift_ mean? 5. Can you give some figurative uses of _carry_?

EXAMPLES.

The strong man can ---- 1,000 pounds with apparent ease.

Napoleon always endeavored to ---- the war into the enemy's
territory.

It was found necessary to ---- the coal overland for a distance of
500 miles.

My punishment is greater than I can ----.

* * * * *

CATASTROPHE (page 97).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _catastrophe_ or _cataclysm_? 2. Is a _catastrophe_ also necessarily a _calamity_ or a _disaster_? 3. Which word has the broader meaning, _disaster_ or _calamity_? 4. Does _misfortune_ suggest as serious a condition as any of the foregoing? 5. How does a _mishap_ compare with a _catastrophe_, a _calamity_, or a _disaster_? 6. Give some chief antonyms of the above.

EXAMPLES.

War and pestilence are properly ----, while the loss of a battle may
be a ----, but not a ----.

Fortune is not satisfied with inflicting one ----.

Well had the boding tremblers learned to trace
The day's ---- in his morning face.

The failure of the crops of two successive years proved an
irreparable ---- to the emigrants.

* * * * *

CAUSE (page 98).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the central distinction between _antecedent_ and _cause_? 2. How are the words _cause_, _condition_, and _occasion_ illustrated by the fall of an avalanche? 3. And the antonyms _consequence_? _effect_? _outgrowth_? _result_? 4. What are _causality_ and _causation_? 5. How are _origin_ and _source_ related to _cause_?

EXAMPLES.

Where there is an effect there must be also a ----.

It is necessary to know something of the ---- of a man before we can
safely trust him.

The ---- of the river was found to be a small lake among the hills.

What was given as the ---- of the quarrel was really but the ----.

* * * * *

CHAGRIN (page 100).

QUESTIONS.

1. What feelings are combined in _chagrin_? 2. How do you distinguish between _chagrin_, _disappointment_, _humiliation_, _mortification_, and _shame_? 3. Which involves a sense of having done wrong?

EXAMPLES.

The king's ---- at the limitations imposed upon him was painfully
manifest.

He is not wholly lost who yet can blush from ----.

Hope tells a flattering tale,
Delusive, vain, and hollow.
Ah! let not hope prevail,
Lest ---- follow.

* * * * *

CHANGE (page 100).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinction between _change_ and _exchange_? Are they ever used as equivalent, and how? 2. Can you distinguish between _modify_ and _qualify_?

EXAMPLES.

The tailor offered to ---- the armholes of the coat.

We requested the pianist to ---- his music by introducing a few
popular tunes.

We often fail to recognize the actor who ---- his costume between
the acts.

* * * * *

CHARACTER (page 102).

QUESTIONS.

1. How do you distinguish between _character_ and _reputation_? _constitution_ and _disposition_? 2. Is _nature_ a broader word than any of the preceding? 3. If so, why?

EXAMPLES.

The philanthropist's ---- for charity is often a great source of
annoyance to him.

Let dogs delight to bark and bite, for 'tis their ---- to.

Misfortune may cause the loss of friends and reputation, yet if the
man has not yielded to wrong, his ---- is superior to loss or
change.

* * * * *

CHOOSE (page 104).

QUESTIONS.

1. What are the shades of difference between _choose_, _cull_, _elect_, _pick_, _prefer_, and _select_? 2. Also between the antonyms _cast away_, _decline_, _dismiss_, _refuse_, _repudiate_? 3. Does _select_ imply more care or judgment than _choose_?

EXAMPLES.

The prettiest flowers had all been ----.

Jacob was ---- to Esau, tho he was the younger.

When a man deliberately ---- to do wrong, there is little hope for
him.

* * * * *

CIRCUMSTANCE (page 105).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what classes of things do we apply _accompaniment_? _concomitant_? _circumstance_? _event_? _fact_? _incident_? _occurrence_? _situation_? 2. Can you give some instances of the use of _circumstance_? 3. Is it a word of broader meaning than _incident_?

EXAMPLES.

The ---- that there had been a fire was proved by the
smoke-blackened walls.

Extreme provocation may be a mitigating ---- in a case of homicide.

* * * * *

CLASS (page 106).

QUESTIONS.

1. How does a _class_ differ from a _caste_? 2. In what connection is _rank_ used? _order_? 3. What is a _coterie_? How does it differ from a _clique_?

EXAMPLES.

An ---- was formed for the relief of the poor and needy of the city.

A select ---- met at the residence of one of the leading men of the
city.

There is a struggle of the masses against the ----.

* * * * *

CLEAR (page 107).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _clear_ originally signify? 2. How does _clear_ differ from _transparent_ as regards a substance that may be a medium of vision? 3. With what meaning is _clear_ used of an object apprehended by the senses, as an object of sight or hearing? 4. What does _distinct_ signify? 5. What is _plain_? 6. What special sense does this word always retain? How does _transparent_ differ from _translucent_? 7. What do _lucid_ and _pellucid_ signify? 8. What is the special force of _limpid_?

* * * * *

CLEVER (page 109).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _clever_ as used in England? 2. What was the early New England usage? 3. What is to be said of the use of _smart_ and _sharp_? 4. What other words of this group are preferable to _clever_ in many of its uses?

EXAMPLES.

His brief experience in the department had made him very ---- in the
work now assigned him.

She was especially ---- in song.

Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be ----;
Do noble things, not dream them, all day long;
And so make life, death, and the vast forever
One grand, sweet song.

* * * * *

COMPANY (page 110).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what is _company_ derived? What is its primary meaning? 2. For what are those associated who constitute a _company_? Is their association temporary or permanent? 3. What is the difference between _assemblage_ and _assembly_? 4. What is a _conclave_? a _convocation_? a _convention_? 5. What are the characteristics of a _group_? 6. To what use is _congregation_ restricted? How does _meeting_ agree with and differ from it?

EXAMPLES.

Far from the madding ----'s ignoble strife,
Their sober wishes never learned to stray.

The room contained a large ---- of miscellaneous objects.

A fellow that makes no figure in ----.

A great ---- had met, but without organization or officers.

If ye inquire anything concerning other matters, it shall be
determined in a lawful ----.

* * * * *

COMPEL (page 111).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is it to _compel_? 2. What does _force_ imply? 3. What is the especial significance of _coerce_? 4. What does _constrain_ imply? In what favorable sense is it used?

EXAMPLES.

Even if we were not willing, they possessed the power of ---- us to
do justice.

Employers may ---- their employees into voting as they demand, but
for the secret ballot.

These considerations ---- us to aid them to the utmost of our power.

* * * * *

COMPLAIN (page 112).

QUESTIONS.

1. By what is _complaining_ prompted? _murmuring_? _repining_? 2. Which finds outward expression, and which is limited to the mental act? 3. To whom does one _complain_, in the formal sense of the word? 4. With whom does one _remonstrate_?

EXAMPLES.

It is not pleasant to live with one who is constantly ----ing.

The dog gave a low ---- which frightened the tramp away.

* * * * *

COMPLEX (page 112).

QUESTIONS.

1. How does _complex_ differ from _compound_? from _composite_? 2. What is _heterogeneous_? _conglomerate_? 3. How does _complicated_ differ from _intricate_? from _involved_?

* * * * *

CONSCIOUS (page 116).

QUESTIONS.

1. Of what things is one _aware_? of what is he _conscious_? 2. How does _sensible_ compare with the above-mentioned words? 3. What does _sensible_ indicate regarding the emotions, that would not be expressed by _conscious_?

EXAMPLES.

To be ---- that you are ignorant is a great step to knowledge.

They are now ---- it would have been better to resist the first
temptation.

He was ---- of a stealthy step and a bulk dimly visible through the
darkness.

* * * * *

CONSEQUENCE (page 116).

QUESTIONS.

1. How does _consequence_ differ from _effect_? both from _result_? 2. How do _result_ and _issue_ compare? 3. In what sense is _consequent_ used?

* * * * *

CONTAGION (page 117).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what is _contagion_ now limited by the best medical usage? 2. To what is the term _infection_ applied?

EXAMPLES.

During the plague in London persons walked in the middle of the
streets for fear of the ---- from the houses.

The mob thinks by ---- for the most part, catching an opinion like a
cold.

No pestilence is so much to be dreaded as the ---- of bad example.

* * * * *

CONTINUAL (page 117).

QUESTIONS.

1. How does _continuous_ differ from _continual_? _incessant_ from _ceaseless_? Give examples.

* * * * *

CONTRAST (page 118).

QUESTIONS.

1. How is _contrast_ related to _compare_? 2. What are the special senses of _differentiate_, _discriminate_ and _distinguish_?

* * * * *

CONVERSATION (page 118).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the essential meaning of _conversation_? 2. How does _conversation_ differ from _talk_? 3. How is _discourse_ related to _conversation_? 4. What are the special senses of _dialogue_ and _colloquy_?

EXAMPLES.

There can be no ---- with a great genius, who does all the ----ing.

Nor wanted sweet ----, the banquet of the mind.

* * * * *

CONVEY (page 119).

QUESTIONS.

1. In what do _convey_, _transmit_, and _transport_ agree? What is the distinctive sense of _convey_? 2. To what class of objects does _transport_ refer? 3. To what class of objects do _transfer_, _transmit_, and _convey_ apply? 4. Which is the predominant sense of the latter words?

* * * * *

CRIMINAL (page 120).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinctive meaning of _criminal_? How does it differ from _illegal_ or _unlawful_? 2. What is _felonious_? _flagitious_? 3. What is the primary meaning of _iniquitous_? 4. Is an _iniquitous_ act necessarily _criminal_?

* * * * *

DANGER (page 121).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinctive meaning of _danger_? 2. Does _danger_ or _peril_ suggest the more immediate evil? 3. How are _jeopardy_ and _risk_ distinguished from _danger_ and _peril_?

EXAMPLES.

Delay always breeds ----.

The careful rider avoids running ----.

Stir, at your ----!

* * * * *

DECAY (page 122).

QUESTIONS.

1. What sort of things _decay_? _putrefy_? _rot_? 2. What is the essential difference between _decay_ and _decompose_?

EXAMPLES.

The flowers wither, the tree's trunk ----.

The water was ---- by the electric current.

* * * * *

DECEPTION (page 123).

QUESTIONS.

1. How is _deceit_ distinguished from _deception_? from _guile_? _fraud_? _lying_? _hypocrisy_? 2. Do all of these apply to conduct as well as to speech? 3. Is _deception_ ever innocent? 4. Have _craft_ and _cunning_ always a moral element? 5. How is _dissimulation_ distinguished from _duplicity_?

EXAMPLES.

The ---- of his conduct was patent to all.

It was a matter of self-----.

The judge decided it to be a case of ----.

* * * * *

DEFINITION (page 124).

QUESTIONS.

1. Which is the more exact, a _definition_ or a _description_? 2. What must a _definition_ include, and what must it exclude? 3. What must a _description_ include? 4. In what respect has _interpretation_ a wider meaning than _translation_? 5. How does an _explanation_ compare with an _exposition_?

EXAMPLES.

A prompt ---- of the difficulty prevented a quarrel.

The ---- of scenery was admirable.

The seer gave an ---- of the dream.

Many a controversy may be instantly ended by a clear ---- of terms.

* * * * *

DELIBERATE (page 125).

QUESTIONS.

1. What are the chief distinctions between _deliberate_? _consult_? _consider_? _meditate_? _reflect_? 2. Do large gatherings of people _consult_, or _meditate_, or _deliberate_? 3. Do we _reflect_ on things past or things to come? 4. How many persons are necessarily implied in _consult_, _confer_, and _debate_ as commonly used? in _deliberate_, _consider_, _ponder_, _reflect_? in _meditate_? 5. What idea of time is implied in _deliberate_?

EXAMPLES.

The matter was carefully ---- in all its bearings.

The legislature ---- for several days.

* * * * *

DELUSION (page 127).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the essential difference between _illusion_ and _delusion_? How does _hallucination_ differ from both? 2. Which word is used especially of objects of sight?

EXAMPLES.

The ---- of the sick are sometimes pitiful.

In the soft light the ---- was complete.

* * * * *

DEMONSTRATION (page 127).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what kind of reasoning does _demonstration_ in the strict sense apply? 2. What is _evidence_? _proof_? 3. Which is the stronger term? 4. Which is the more comprehensive?

EXAMPLES.

The ---- of the witness was so complete that no further ---- was
required.

A mathematical ---- must be final and conclusive.

* * * * *

DESIGN (page 128).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinctive meaning of _design_? 2. What element is prominent in _intention_? _purpose_? _plan_? 3. Does _purpose_ suggest more power to execute than _design_? 4. How does _intent_ specifically differ from _purpose_? Which term do we use with reference to the Divine Being?

EXAMPLES.

The architect's ---- involved much detail.

Hell is paved with good ----.

It is the ---- of the voter that decides how his ballot shall be
counted.

The ---- of the Almighty can not be thwarted.

The adaption of means to ends in nature clearly indicates a ----,
and so proves a ----er.

* * * * *

DESPAIR (page 129).

QUESTIONS.

1. In what order might _despair_, _desperation_, _discouragement_, and _hopelessness_ follow, each as the result of the previous condition? 2. How does _despondency_ especially differ from _despair_?

EXAMPLES.

The utter ---- of their condition was apparent.

In weak ---- he abandoned all endeavor.

* * * * *

DEXTERITY (page 129).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what is _adroitness_ derived? From what _dexterity_? How might each be rendered? 2. How does _adroitness_ differ in use from _dexterity_? 3. From what is _aptitude_ derived, and what does it signify? 4. How does _skill_ differ from _dexterity_? Which can and which can not be communicated?

EXAMPLES.

He had a natural ---- for scientific investigation, and by long
practise gained an inimitable ---- of manipulation.

His ---- in debate enabled him to evade or parry arguments or
attacks which he could not answer.

The ---- of the best trained workman can not equal the precision of
a machine.

* * * * *

DICTION (page 130).

QUESTIONS.

1. Which is the more comprehensive word, _diction_, _language_, or _phraseology_? 2. What is the true meaning of _verbiage_? Should it ever be used as the equivalent of _language_ or _diction_? 3. What is _style_? How does it compare with _diction_ or _language_?

EXAMPLES.

The ---- of the discourse was plain and emphatic.

The ---- of a written contract should be such as to prevent
misunderstandings.

The poetic ---- of Milton is so exquisitely perfect that another
word can scarcely ever be substituted for the one he has chosen
without marring the line.

* * * * *

DIFFERENCE (page 131).

QUESTIONS.

1. Which pertain mostly to realities, and which are matters of judgment--_difference_, _disparity_, _distinction_, or _inconsistency_? 2. What do we mean by "a _distinction_ without a _difference_"?

EXAMPLES.

The proper ---- should be carefully observed in the use of "shall"
and "will."

The ---- between black and white is self-evident.

The ---- of our representatives' conduct with their promises is
unpardonable.

* * * * *

DISCERN (page 133).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what sort of objects do we apply _behold_, _discern_, _distinguish_, _observe_, and _see_? 2. What do _behold_ and _distinguish_ suggest in addition to _seeing_?

EXAMPLES.

With the aid of a great telescope we may ---- what stars are double.

---- the upright man.

Let us minutely ---- the color of the goods.

* * * * *

DISCOVER (page 133).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinctive meaning of _detect_? _discover_? _invent_? 2. How do _discover_ and _invent_ differ? 3. Is _detect_ often used in a favorable sense?

EXAMPLES.

An experienced policeman acquires wonderful skill in ----ing
criminals.

Newton ---- the law of gravitation.

To ---- a machine, one must first understand the laws of mechanics.

* * * * *

DISEASE (page 134).

QUESTIONS.

1. What was the early and general meaning of _sick_ and _sickness_ in English? 2. How long did that usage prevail? 3. What is the present restriction upon the use of these words in England? What words are there commonly substituted? 4. What is the prevalent usage in the United States?

EXAMPLES.

---- spread in the camp and proved deadlier than the sword.

The ---- was found to be contagious.

He is just recovering from a slight ----.

It is not good manners to talk of one's ----s.

* * * * *

DO (page 135).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the most comprehensive word of this group? 2. In what sense are _finish_ and _complete_ used, and how are they discriminated from each other? 3. How do we discriminate between _fulfil_, _realize_, _effect_, and _execute_? _perform_ and _accomplish_? _accomplish_ and _complete_?

EXAMPLES.

A duty has been ----, a work of gratitude and affection has been
----.

It is wonderful how much can be ---- by steady, plodding industry
without brilliant talents.

The work is not only grand in design but it is ---- with the most
exquisite delicacy in every detail.

It is the duty of the legislators to make laws, of the magistrates
to ---- them.

Every one should labor to ---- his duties faithfully, and ---- the
just expectations of those who have committed to him any trust.

* * * * *

DOCTRINE (page 136).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what matters do we apply the word _creed_? _doctrine_? _dogma_? _principle_? 2. Which is the more inclusive word? 3. Is _dogma_ used favorably or unfavorably?

EXAMPLES.

The ---- rests either upon the authority of the Scriptures, or upon
a decision of the Church.

A man may have upright ----s even while he disregards commonly
received ----s.

* * * * *

DOUBT, _v._ (page 137).

QUESTIONS.

1. Do we apply _doubt_, _distrust_, _surmise_, and _suspect_ mostly to persons and things, or to motives and intentions? 2. Is _mistrust_ used of persons or of things? 3. Is it used, in a favorable or an unfavorable sense?

EXAMPLES.

We do not ---- that the earth moves around the sun.

Nearly every law of nature was by man first ----, then proved to be
true.

I ---- my own heart.

I ---- that man from the outset.

* * * * *

DOUBT, _n._ (page 138).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what class of objects do we apply _disbelief_? _doubt_? _hesitation_? _misgiving_? 2. Which of these words most commonly implies an unfavorable meaning? 3. What meaning has _skepticism_ as applied to religious matters?

EXAMPLES.

We feel no ---- in giving our approval.

The jury had ----s of his guilt.

We did all we could to further the enterprise, but still had our
----s as to the outcome.

* * * * *

DUPLICATE (page 141).

QUESTIONS.

1. Can you give the distinction between a _copy_ and a _duplicate_? a _facsimile_, and an _imitation_? 2. What sort of a _copy_ is a _transcript_?

EXAMPLES.

The ---- of an organ by the violinist was perfect.

This key is a ----, and will open the lock.

The signature was merely a printed ----.

* * * * *

DUTY (page 142).

QUESTIONS.

1. Do we use _duty_ and _right_ of civil things? or _business_ and _obligation_ of moral things? 2. Does _responsibility_ imply connection with any other person or thing?

EXAMPLES.

I go because it is my ----.

We recognize a ---- for the good conduct of our own children, but do
we not also rest under some ---- to society to exercise a good
influence over the children of others?

* * * * *

EAGER (page 142).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinction between _eager_ and _earnest_ in the nature of the feeling implied? in the objects toward which it is directed? 2. How does _anxious_ in this acceptation differ from both _eager_ and _earnest_?

EXAMPLES.

Hark! the shrill trumpet sounds to horse! away!
My soul's in arms, and ---- for the fray.

I am in ----. I will not equivocate; I will not excuse; I will not
retreat a single inch; and I will be heard!

I am ---- to hear of your welfare, and of the prospects of the
enterprise.

* * * * *

EASE (page 143).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _ease_ denote, in the sense here considered? Does it apply to action or condition? 2. Is _facility_ active or passive? _readiness_? 3. What does _ease_ imply, and to what may it be limited? 4. What does _facility_ imply? _readiness_? 5. To what is _expertness_ limited?

EXAMPLES.

He plays the violin with great ----, and delights an audience.

Whatever he did was done with so much ----,
In him alone 'twas natural to please.

It is often said with equal truth that we ought to take advantage of
the ---- which children possess of learning.

* * * * *

EDUCATION (page 143).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinctive meaning of _education_? _instruction_? _teaching_? 2. How is _instruction_ or _teaching_ related to _education_? 3. How does _training_ differ from _teaching_? 4. What is _discipline_? _tuition_? 5. What are _breeding_ and _nurture_, and how do they differ from each other? 6. How are _knowledge_ and _learning_ related to _education_?

EXAMPLES.

The true purpose of ---- is to cherish and unfold the seed of
immortality already sown within us.

By ----, we do learn ourselves to know
And what to man, and what to God we owe.

---- maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact
man.

For natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by
----; and ----s themselves do give forth directions too much at
large, except they be bounded in by experience.

A branch of ---- is often put to an improper use, for fear of its
being idle.

* * * * *

EFFRONTERY (page 144).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _audacity_? _hardihood_? 2. What special element does _effrontery_ add to the meaning of _audacity_ and _hardihood_? 3. What is _impudence_? _shamelessness_? 4. How does _effrontery_ compare with these words? 5. What is _boldness_? Is it used in a favorable or an unfavorable sense?

EXAMPLES.

When they saw the ---- of Peter and John, and perceived that they
were unlearned and ignorant men they marvelled.

I ne'er heard yet
That any of these bolder vices wanted
Less ---- to gainsay what they did,
Than to perform it first.

I am not a little surprised at the easy ---- with which political
gentlemen in and out of Congress take it upon them to say that there
are not a thousand men in the North who sympathize with John Brown.

* * * * *

EGOTISM (page 145).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _egoism_ and how does it differ from _egotism_? 2. What is _self-assertion_? _self-conceit_? 3. Does _conceit_ differ from _self-conceit_, and how? 4. What is _self-confidence_? Is it worthy or unworthy? 5. Is _self-assertion_ ever a duty? _self-conceit_? 6. What is _vanity_? How does it differ from _self-confidence_? from _pride_? 7. What is _self-esteem_? How does it differ from _self-conceit_? from _self-confidence_?

EXAMPLES.

---- may puff a man up, but never prop him up.

---- is as ill at ease under indifference, as tenderness is under
the love which it can not return.

* * * * *

EMBLEM (page 146).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is _emblem_ derived? What did it originally signify? 2. What is the derivation and primary meaning of _symbol_? 3. How do the two words compare as now used? 4. How does a _sign_ suggest something other than itself? 5. Can the same thing be both an _emblem_ and a _symbol_? a _sign_ and a _symbol_? 6. What is a _token_? a _figure_? an _image_? a _type_?

EXAMPLES.

Rose of the desert, thou art to me
An ---- of stainless purity, ----
Of those who, keeping their garments white,
Walk on through life with steps aright.

All things are ----s: the external shows
Of nature have their ---- in the mind
As flowers and fruits and falling of the leaves.

Moses, as Israel's deliverer, was a ---- of Christ.

* * * * *

EMIGRATE (page 147).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinctive meaning of _migrate_? What is its application? 2. What do _emigrate_ and _immigrate_ signify? To what do they apply? Can the two words be used of the same person and the same act? How?

EXAMPLES.

The ship was crowded with ---- mostly from Germany.

---- are pouring into the United States often at the rate of half a
million a year.

* * * * *

EMPLOY (page 147).

QUESTIONS.

1. What are the distinctive senses of _employ_ and _use_? Give instances. 2. What does _use_ often imply as to materials _used_? 3. How does _hire_ compare with _employ_?

EXAMPLES.

The young man had been ---- by the firm for several months and had
proved faithful in every respect.

The church was then ready to ---- a pastor.

What one has, one ought to ----: and whatever he does he should do
with all his might.

* * * * *

END, _v._ (page 148).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is it to _end_, and what reference does _end_ have to intention or expectation? 2. What do _close_, _complete_, _conclude_, and _finish_ signify as to expectation or appropriateness? Give instances. 3. What specially distinctive sense has _finish_? 4. Does _terminate_ refer to reaching an arbitrary or an appropriate end? 5. What does _stop_ signify?

EXAMPLES.

The life was suddenly ----.

The train ---- long enough for the passengers to get off, then
whirled on.

* * * * *

END, _n._ (page 148).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the _end_? 2. What is the distinctive meaning of _extremity_? 3. How does _extremity_ compare with _end_? 4. What reference is implied in _extremity_? 5. What is the meaning of _tip_? _point_? How does _extremity_ differ in use from the two latter words? 6. What is a _terminus_? What specific meaning has the word in modern travel? 7. What is the meaning of _termination_, and of what is it chiefly used? _expiration_? _limit_?

EXAMPLES.

Seeing that death, a necessary ---- will come when it will come.

All rejoice at the successful ---- of the vast undertaking.

He that endureth to the ---- shall be saved.

Do not turn back when you are just at the ----.

* * * * *

ENDEAVOR, _v._ (page 149).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is it to _attempt_? to _endeavor_? To what sort of exertion does _endeavor_ especially apply? 2. How does _essay_ differ from _attempt_ and _endeavor_ in its view of the results of the action? 3. What is implied in _undertake_? Give an instance. 4. What does _strive_ suggest? 5. How does _try_ compare with the other words of the group?

EXAMPLES.

---- first thyself, and after call on God,
For to the worker God himself lends aid.

---- the end, and never stand to doubt;
Nothing's so hard but search will find it out.

---- to enter in at the strait gate.

* * * * *

ENDEAVOR, _n._ (page 150).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is an _effort_? an _exertion_? Which includes the other? 2. How does _attempt_ differ from _effort_? 3. What is a _struggle_? 4. What is an _essay_, and for what purpose is it made? 5. What is an _endeavor_, and how is it distinguished from _effort_? from _attempt_?

EXAMPLES.

Youth is a blunder; manhood a ----; old age a regret.

So vast an ---- required more capital than he could command at that
time. Others combining with him enabled him to succeed with it.

After a few spasmodic ----, he abandoned all ---- at improvement.

* * * * *

ENDURE (page 150).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _bear_ as applied to care, pain, grief, and the like? 2. What does _endure_ add to the meaning of _bear_? 3. How do _allow_ and _permit_ compare with the words just mentioned? 4. How do _put up with_ and _tolerate_ compare with _allow_ and _permit_? 5. What is the special sense of _afford_? How does it come into connection with the words of this group? 6. What is the sense of _brook_? 7. Of what words does _abide_ combine the meanings?

EXAMPLES.

Charity ---- long and is kind; charity ---- all things.

I follow thee, safe guide, the path
Thou lead'st me, and to the hand of heav'n ----.

For there was never yet philosopher
That could ---- the toothache patiently.

* * * * *

ENEMY (page 151).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is an _enemy_? an _adversary_? 2. What distinction is there between the two words as to the purpose implied? 3. What is an _antagonist_? an _opponent_? a _competitor_? a _rival_? 4. How does _foe_ compare with _enemy_?

EXAMPLES.

He makes no friend who never made a ----.

This friendship that possesses the whole soul,
... can admit of no ----.

Mountains interposed
Make ---- of nations who had else,
Like kindred drops been molded into one.

He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our
skill. Our ---- is our helper.

* * * * *

ENMITY (page 152).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _enmity_? 2. How does _animosity_ differ from _enmity_? 3. What is _hostility_? What is meant by _hostilities_ between nations? 4. What is _bitterness_? _acrimony_? 5. How does _antagonism_ compare with the words above mentioned?

EXAMPLES.

Let all ----, and wrath, and anger, and clamor, and evil speaking,
be put away from you, with all malice.

But their ----, tho smothered for a while, burnt with redoubled
violence.

The carnal mind is ---- against God, for it is not subject to the
law of God, neither indeed can be.

* * * * *

ENTERTAIN (page 152).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is it to _entertain_ mentally? to _amuse_? 2. What is the distinctive sense of _divert_? 3. Can one be _amused_ or _entertained_ who is not _diverted_? 4. What is it to _recreate_? to _beguile_?

EXAMPLES.

Books can not always ----, however good;
Minds are not ever craving for their food.

Who God doth late and early pray
More of his grace than gifts to lend;
And ---- the harmless day
With a religious book or friend.

* * * * *

ENTERTAINMENT (page 153).

QUESTIONS.

1. What do _entertainment_ and _recreation_ imply? How, accordingly, do they rank among the lighter matters of life? 2. How do _amusement_ and _pastime_ differ? 3. On what plane are _sports_? How do they compare with _entertainment_ and _recreation_? 4. How do _amusement_ and _enjoyment_ compare?

EXAMPLES.

At Christmas play, and make good ----,
For Christmas comes but once a year.

It is as ---- to fools to do mischief.

No true heart can find ---- in another's pain or grief.

The Puritans hated bear-baiting, not because it gave pain to the
bear, but because it gave ---- to the spectators.

As Tammie glowered, amazed and curious,
The mirth and ---- grew fast and furious.

And so, if I might be judge, God never did make a more calm, quiet,
innocent ---- than angling.

* * * * *

ENTHUSIASM (page 153).

QUESTIONS.

1. In what sense was _enthusiasm_ formerly used? 2. What is now its prevalent and controlling meaning? 3. How does _zeal_ differ from _enthusiasm_?

EXAMPLES.

An ardent ---- leads to great results in exposing certain evils.

His ---- was contagious and they rushed into battle.

The precept had its use; it could make men feel it right to be
humane, and desire to be so, but it could never inspire them with an
---- of humanity.

* * * * *

ENTRANCE (page 154).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what does _entrance_ refer? 2. What do _admittance_ and _admission_ add to the meaning of _entrance_? 3. To what does _admittance_ refer? To what additional matters does _admission_ refer? Illustrate. 4. What is the figurative use of _entrance_?

EXAMPLES.

---- was obtained by a side-door, and a good position secured to the
crowded hall.

No ---- except on business.

He was never so engrossed with cares of state that the needy could
not have ---- to him.

However carefully church-membership may be guarded, unworthy members
will sometimes gain ----.

* * * * *

ENVIOUS (page 155).

QUESTIONS.

1. What do we mean when we say that a person is _envious_? 2. What is the difference between _envious_ and _jealous_? 3. Is an _envious_ spirit ever good? 4. Is _jealous_ capable of being used in a good sense? 5. In what sense is _suspicious_ used?

EXAMPLES.

Neither be thou ---- against the workers of iniquity.

---- in honor, sudden and quick in quarrel.

* * * * *

EQUIVOCAL (page 155).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the derivation and the original signification of _equivocal_? of _ambiguous_? How do the two words compare in present use? 2. What is the meaning of _enigmatical_? 3. How do _doubtful_ and _dubious_ compare? 4. In what sense is _questionable_ used? _suspicious_?

EXAMPLES.

These sentences, to sugar or to gall,
Being strong on both sides, are ----.

An ---- statement may result from the thoughtless use of a single
word that is capable of more than one meaning.

* * * * *

ESTEEM, _n._ (page 157).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the difference between _esteem_ and _estimate_? 2. Is _esteem_ now used of concrete valuation? 3. What is its chief present use? 4. What is its meaning in popular use as said of persons?

EXAMPLES.

They please, are pleas'd; they give to get ----,
Till seeming blest, they grow to what they seem.

The loss of conscience or honor is one that can not be ----.

* * * * *

ETERNAL (page 157).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _eternal_ in the fullest sense? 2. To what being, in that sense, may it be applied? 3. In what does _everlasting_ fall short of the meaning of _eternal_? 4. How does _endless_ agree with and differ from _everlasting_? 5. In what inferior senses are _everlasting_ and _interminable_ used? 6. Is _eternal_, in good speech or writing, ever brought down to such inferior use?

EXAMPLES.

Truth crushed to earth shall rise again,
The ---- years of God are hers.

Whatever may befall thee, it was preordained for thee from ----.

It were better to be eaten to death with a rust than to be scoured
to nothing with ---- motion.

Here comes the lady! Oh, so light a foot
Will ne'er wear out the ---- flint.

* * * * *

EVENT (page 158).

QUESTIONS.

1. How do _event_ and _incident_ differ etymologically? 2. Which is the greater and more important? Give examples. 3. How does _circumstance_ compare with _incident_? 4. What is the primary meaning of _occurrence_? 5. What is an _episode_? 6. How does _event_ differ from _end_? 7. What meaning does _event_ often have when applied to the future?

EXAMPLES.

Fate shall yield
To fickle ----, and Chaos judge the strife.

Men are the sport of ---- when
The ---- seem the sport of men.

Coming ---- cast their shadows before.

Where an equal poise of hope and fear
Does arbitrate the ----, my nature is
That I incline to hope rather than fear,
And gladly banish squint suspicion.

* * * * *

EVERY (page 158).

QUESTIONS.

1. In what are _all_ and _both_ alike? _any_, _each_, and _every_? 2. How does _any_ differ from _each_ and _every_? 3. How do _each_ and _every_ differ from _all_? 4. How does _each_ compare with _every_? with _both_? 5. What does _either_ properly denote? In what other sense is it often used? What is the objection to the latter use?

EXAMPLES.

---- person in the room arose to his feet.

A free pardon was offered to ---- who should instantly lay down
their arms.

As the garrison marched out, the victorious troops stood in arms on
---- side of the way.

In order to keep his secret inviolate, he revealed it privately to
---- of his most intimate friends.

---- person giving such information shall be duly rewarded.

* * * * *