Chapter XXI: Part II: Questions and Examples (3)

EVIDENT (page 159).

QUESTIONS.

1. How do _apparent_ and _evident_ compare? 2. What is the special sense of _manifest_? How does it compare in strength with _evident_? 3. What is the sense of _obvious_? 4. How wide is the range of _visible_? 5. How does _discernible_ compare with _visible_? What does it imply as to the observer's action? 6. What is the sense of _palpable_ and _tangible_? _conspicuous_?

EXAMPLES.

A paradox is a real truth in the guise of an ---- absurdity or
contradiction.

The prime minister was ---- by his absence.

The statement is a ---- absurdity.

On a comparison of the two works the plagiarism was ----.

Yet from those flames
No light; but only darkness ----.

These lies are like the father that begets them; gross as a
mountain, open, ----.

* * * * *

EXAMPLE (page 160).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the etymological meaning of _example_? 2. What two contradictory meanings does _example_ derive from this primary sense? 3. How does _example_ differ from _sample_? 4. How does it compare with _model_? with _pattern_? 5. How does _exemplar_ agree with, and differ from _example_? 6. What is an _exemplification_? an _ensample_?

EXAMPLES.

I bid him look into the lives of men as tho himself a mirror, and
from others to take an ---- for himself.

We sleep, but the loom of life never stops and the ---- which was
weaving when the sun went down is weaving when it comes up
to-morrow.

History is an ---- of philosophy.

The commander was resolved to make an ---- to deter others from the
like offense.

* * * * *

EXCESS (page 160).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _excess_? Is it used in the favorable or unfavorable sense? 2. What is _extravagance_? 3. What is _exorbitance_? 4. What kind of _excess_ do _overplus_ and _superabundance_ denote? _lavishness_ and _profusion_? 5. Is _surplus_ used in the favorable or unfavorable sense? 6. To what do _redundance_ and _redundancy_ chiefly refer? 7. What words are used as synonyms of _excess_ in the moral sense?

EXAMPLES.

Saving requires self-denial, and ---- is the death of self-denial.

Where there is great ---- there usually follows corresponding ----.

---- of wealth is cause of covetousness.

Haste brings ----, and ---- brings want.

The ---- of the demand caused unfeigned surprise.

More of the present woes of the world are due to ---- than to any
other single cause.

---- of language often weakens the impression of what would be
impressive in sober statement.

* * * * *

EXECUTE (page 161).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _execute_? of _administer_? of _enforce_? 2. How are the words applied in special cases? Give instances. 3. What secondary meaning has _administer_?

EXAMPLES.

It is the place of the civil magistrate to ---- the laws.

The pasha gave a signal and three attendants seized the culprit, and
promptly ---- the bastinado.

I can not illustrate a moral duty without at the same time ----ing a
precept of our religion.

* * * * *

EXERCISE (page 162).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _exercise_ apart from all qualifying words? 2. How does _exercise_ in that sense differ from _exertion_? 3. How may _exercise_ be brought up to the full meaning of _exertion_? 4. What is _practise_? How does it differ from _exercise_? 5. How is _practise_ discriminated from such theory or profession? 6. What is _drill_?

EXAMPLES.

Regular ---- tends to keep body and mind in the best working order.

---- in time becomes second nature.

By constant ---- the most difficult feats may be done with no
apparent ----.

* * * * *

EXPENSE (page 162).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _cost_? _expense_? 2. How are these words now commonly differentiated? 3. What is the meaning of _outlay_? of _outgo_?

EXAMPLES.

Which of you, intending to build a tower, sitteth not down first,
and counteth the ----, whether he have sufficient to finish it.

The entire receipts have not equaled the ----.

When the ---- is more than the income, if the income can not be
increased, it becomes an absolute necessity to reduce the ----.

* * * * *

EXPLICIT (page 162).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what are _explicit_ and _express_ alike opposed? 2. How do the two words differ from each other?

EXAMPLES.

I came here at this critical juncture by the ---- order of Sir John
St. Clare.

The language of the proposition was too ---- to admit of doubt.

Now the Spirit speaketh ----ly that in the latter times some shall
depart from the faith.

* * * * *

EXTEMPORANEOUS (page 163).

QUESTIONS.

1. What did _extemporaneous_ originally mean? 2. What has it now come to signify in common use? 3. What is the original meaning of _impromptu_? The present meaning? 4. How does the _impromptu_ remark often differ from the _extemporaneous_? 5. How does _unpremeditated_ compare with the words above mentioned?

EXAMPLES.

In ---- prayer, what men most admire, God least regardeth.

As a speaker, he excelled in ---- address, while his opponent was at
a loss to answer him because not gifted in the same way.

No more on prancing palfrey borne,
He carolled light as lark at morn,
And poured to lord and lady gay
The ---- lay.

* * * * *

EXTERMINATE (page 163).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the derivation, and what is the original meaning of _exterminate_? _eradicate_? _extirpate_? 2. To what are these words severally applied?

EXAMPLES.

Since the building of the Pacific railroads in the United States,
the buffalo has been quite ----.

The evil of intemperance is one exceedingly difficult to ----.

No inveterate improver should ever tempt me to ---- the dandelions
from the green carpet of my lawn.

* * * * *

FAINT (page 164).

QUESTIONS.

1. What are the chief meanings of _faint_? 2. How is _faint_ a synonym of _feeble_ or _purposeless_? of _irresolute_ or _timid_? of _dim_, _faded_, or _indistinct_?

EXAMPLES.

Great is the strength of ---- arms combined,
And we can combat even with the brave.

In his right hand a tipped staffe he held,
With which his ---- steps he stayed still;
For he was ---- with cold, and weak with eld;
That scarce his loosed limbs he hable was to weld.

* * * * *

FAITH (page 164).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _belief_? 2. How does _credence_ compare with _belief_? 3. What is _conviction_? _assurance_? 4. What is an _opinion_? 5. How does a _persuasion_ compare with an _opinion_? 6. What is a _doctrine_? a _creed_? 7. What are _confidence_ and _reliance_? 8. What is _trust_? 9. What elements are combined in _faith_? 10. How is _belief_ often used in popular language as a precise equivalent of _faith_? 11. How is _belief_ discriminated from _faith_ in the strict religious sense?

EXAMPLES.

---- is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things
not seen.

Put not your ---- in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom there
is no help.

---- is largely involuntary; a mathematical demonstration can not be
doubted by a sane mind capable of understanding the terms and
following the steps.

Every one of us, whatever our speculative ----, knows better than he
practises, and recognizes a better law than he obeys.

There are few greater dangers for an army in the face of an enemy
than undue ----.

* * * * *

FAITHFUL (page 165).

QUESTIONS.

1. In what sense may a person be called _faithful_? 2. In what sense may one be called _trusty_? 3. Is _faithful_ commonly said of things as well as persons? is _trusty_? 4. What is the special difference of meaning between the two words? Give examples.

EXAMPLES.

Be thou ---- unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life.

Thy purpose ---- is equal to the deed:
Who does the best his circumstance allows
Does well, acts nobly; angels could no more.

* * * * *

FAME (page 166).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _fame_? Is it commonly used in the favorable or unfavorable sense? 2. What are _reputation_ and _repute_, and in which sense commonly used? 3. What is _notoriety_? 4. From what do _eminence_ and _distinction_ result? 5. How does _celebrity_ compare with _fame_? 6. How does _renown_ compare with _fame_? 7. What is the import of _honor_? of _glory_?

EXAMPLES.

Saying, Amen: Blessing and ----, and wisdom, and thanksgiving, and
----, and power and might, be unto our God for ever and ever.

A good ---- is more valuable than money.

Great Homer's birthplace seven rival cities claim,
Too mighty such monopoly of ----.

Do good by stealth, and blush to find it ----.

Seeking the bubble ----
Even in the cannon's mouth.

* * * * *

FANATICISM (page 166).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _fanaticism_? _bigotry_? 2. What do _fanaticism_ and _bigotry_ commonly include? 3. What is _intolerance_? 4. What is the distinctive meaning of _superstition_? 5. What is _credulity_? Is it distinctively religious?

EXAMPLES.

---- is a senseless fear of God.

The fierce ---- of the Moslems was the mainspring of their early
conquests.

The ---- that will believe nothing contrary to a creed is often
joined with a blind ---- that will believe anything in favor of it.

* * * * *

FANCIFUL (page 167).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _fanciful_? 2. What does _fantastic_ add to the meaning of _fanciful_? 3. How does _grotesque_ especially differ from the _fanciful_ or _fantastic_? 4. How does _visionary_ differ from _fanciful_?

EXAMPLES.

Come see the north wind's masonry,
... his wild work;
So ----, so savage, naught cares he
For number or proportion.

What ---- tints the year puts on,
When falling leaves falter through motionless air
Or numbly cling and shiver to be gone!

Plays such ---- tricks before high heaven
As make the angels weep.

* * * * *

FANCY (page 167).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is an intellectual _fancy_? 2. How does a _conceit_ differ from a _fancy_? a _conception_ from both? 3. What is an emotional or personal _fancy_? 4. What is _fancy_ as a faculty of the mind?

EXAMPLES.

Tell me where is ---- bred;
Or in the heart or in the head?

Elizabeth united the occasional ---- of her sex with that sense and
sound policy in which neither man nor woman ever excelled her.

That fellow seems to me to possess but one ----, and that is a wrong
one.

If she were to take a ---- to anybody in the house, she would soon
settle, but not till then.

* * * * *

FAREWELL (page 168).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what language do _farewell_ and _good-by_ belong etymologically? How do they differ? 2. From what language have _adieu_ and _congé_ been adopted into English? 3. What is the special significance of _congé_? 4. What are _valediction_ and _valedictory_?

EXAMPLES.

---- my paper's out so nearly
I've only room for yours sincerely.

The train from out the castle drew,
But Marmion stopped to bid ----.

----! a word that must be, and hath been--
A sound which makes us linger;--yet------.

* * * * *

FEAR (page 168).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the generic term of this group? 2. What is _fear_? Is it sudden or lingering? In view of what class of dangers? 3. What is the etymological meaning of _horror_? What does the word signify in accepted usage? 4. What are the characteristics of _affright_, _fright_, and _terror_? 5. How is _fear_ contrasted with _fright_ and _terror_ in actual or possible effects? 6. What is _panic_? What of the numbers affected by it? 7. What is _dismay_? How does it compare with _fright_ and _terror_?

EXAMPLES.

Even the bravest men may be swept along in a sudden ----.

With much more ----
I view the fight than thou that mak'st the fray.

Look in, and see Christ's chosen saint
In triumph wear his Christ-like chain;
No ---- lest he should swerve or faint.

The ghastly spectacle filled every beholder with ----.

A lingering ---- crept upon him as he waited in the darkness.

* * * * *

FEMININE (page 169).

QUESTIONS.

1. How are _female_ and _feminine_ discriminated? 2. What is the difference between a _female_ voice and a _feminine_ voice? 3. How are _womanly_ and _womanish_ discriminated in use?

EXAMPLES.

Notice, too, how precious are these ---- qualities in the sick room.

The demand for closet-room is no mere ---- fancy, but the good sense
of the sex.

* * * * *

FETTER (page 169).

QUESTIONS.

1. What are _fetters_ in the primary sense? 2. What are _manacles_ and _handcuffs_ designed to fasten or hold? _gyves_? 3. What are _shackles_ and what are they intended to fasten or hold? 4. Of what material are all these restraining devices commonly composed? By what general name are they popularly known? 5. What are _bonds_ and of what material composed? 6. Which of these words are used in the metaphorical sense?

EXAMPLES.

But first set my poor heart free,
Bound in those icy ---- by thee.

Slaves can not breathe in England
. . .
They touch our country, and their ---- fall.

* * * * *

FEUD (page 170).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _feud_? Of what is it used? 2. Is a _quarrel_ in word or act? _contention_? _strife_? _contest_? 3. How does _quarrel_ compare in importance with the other words cited? 4. What does an _affray_ always involve? To what may a _brawl_ or _broil_ be confined? 5. How do these words compare in dignity with _contention_, _contest_, _controversy_, and _dissension_?

EXAMPLES.

Could we forbear ---- and practise love
We should agree as angels do above.

"Between my house and yours," he answered,
"There is a ---- of five hundred years."

Beware of entrance to a ----.

* * * * *

FICTION (page 170).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _fiction_ in the most common modern meaning of the word? 2. How does a _fiction_ differ from a _novel_? from a _fable_? from a _myth_? 3. How does a _myth_ differ from a _legend_? 4. How do _falsehood_ and _fabrication_ differ from the words above mentioned? 5. Is _fabrication_ or _falsehood_ the more odious term? Which term is really the stronger? 6. What is a _story_? Is it good or bad, true or false? With what words of the group does it agree?

EXAMPLES.

O scenes surpassing ----, and yet true,
Scenes of accomplished bliss.

A ---- strange is told of thee.

I believe the whole account from beginning to end to be a pure ----.

A thing sustained by such substantial evidence could not be a mere
---- of the imagination.

* * * * *

FIERCE (page 171).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _fierce_ signify? 2. To what does _ferocious_ refer? How do the two words differ? 3. What does _savage_ signify?

EXAMPLES.

---- was the day; the wintry sea
Moaned sadly on New England's strand,
When first the thoughtful and the free,
Our fathers, trod the desert land.

Contentions ----,
Ardent, and dire, spring from no petty cause.

The ---- savages massacred the survivors to the last man.

* * * * *

FINANCIAL (page 172).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what does _monetary_ directly refer? 2. How does _pecuniary_ agree with and differ from _monetary_? 3. To what does _financial_ especially apply? 4. In what connection is _fiscal_ most commonly used?

EXAMPLES.

The ---- year closes with the society out of debt.

He was rejoiced to receive the ---- aid at a time when it was most
needed.

In a ---- panic, many a sound business house goes down for want of
power to realize instantly on valuable securities.

* * * * *

FINE (page 172).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what is _fine_ derived, and what is its original meaning? 2. How, from this primary meaning does _fine_ become a synonym of _excellent_ and _beautiful_? 3. How does it come into connection with _clarified_, _clear_, _pure_, _refined_? 4. How is it connected with _dainty_, _delicate_, and _exquisite_? 5. How does _fine_ come to be a synonym for _minute_, _comminuted_? How for _filmy_, _tenuous_? for _keen_, _sharp_? Give instances of the use of _fine_ in its various senses.

EXAMPLES.

Some people are more ---- than wise.

---- feathers do not always make ---- birds.

The ----est balances must be kept under glass, because so ----ly
adjusted as to be ---- to a film of dust or a breath of air.

* * * * *

FIRE (page 173).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the essential fact underlying the visible phenomena which we call _fire_? 2. What is _combustion_? 3. How wide is its range of meaning? 4. What is a _conflagration_?

EXAMPLES.

He's gone, and who knows how he may report
Thy words by adding fuel to the ----?

Lo! as he comes, in Heaven's array,
And scattering wide the ---- of day.

* * * * *

FLOCK (page 173).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the most general word of this group? 2. What is a _group_, and of what class of objects may it be composed? 3. To what class of animals does _brood_ apply? to what class does _litter_ apply? 4. Of what is _bevy_ used? _flock_? 5. To what is _herd_ limited? 6. Of what is _pack_ used? 7. What is a _drove_?

EXAMPLES.

What is not good for the ---- is not good for the bee.

He heard the bleating of the ----s and the twitter of birds among
the trees.

The lowing ---- winds slowly o'er the lea.

Excited ----s gathered at the corners discussing the affair.

A ---- of brightly clad women and children were enjoying a picnic
under the trees.

* * * * *

FLUCTUATE (page 173).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _fluctuate_? 2. In what one characteristic do _swerve_ and _veer_ differ from _oscillate_, _fluctuate_, _undulate_, and _waver_? 3. What is the difference in mental action between _hesitate_ and _waver_? between _vacillate_ and _waver_? 4. Which of the above-mentioned words apply to persons? which to feelings?

EXAMPLES.

Thou almost mak'st me ---- in my faith.

The surface of the prairies rolls and ---- to the eye.

It is almost universally true that the human mind ---- at the moment
of committing a crime.

The vessel suddenly ---- from her course.

* * * * *

FLUID (page 174).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _fluid_? 2. Into what two sections are _fluids_ divided? 3. What is a _liquid_? a _gas_? 4. Are all _liquids_ _fluids_? 5. Are _gases_ _fluids_? 6. Are _gases_ ever _liquids_? 7. What substance is at once a _liquid_ and a _fluid_ at the ordinary temperature and pressure?

EXAMPLES.

Now nature paints her colors, how the bee
Sits on the bloom, extracting ---- sweet.

This earth was once a ---- haze of light.

* * * * *

FOLLOW (page 174).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is it to _follow_? 2. How does _follow_ compare with _chase_ and _pursue_? 3. As regards succession in time, what is the difference between _follow_ and _ensue_? _result_?

EXAMPLES.

Say, shall my little bark attendant sail,
---- the triumph and partake the gale?

When Youth and Pleasure meet
To ---- the glowing Hours with flying feet.

"Then ---- me, the Prince,"
I answered; "each be hero in his turn!
Seven and yet one, like shadows in a dream."

* * * * *

FORMIDABLE (page 176).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _formidable_? 2. How does _formidable_ differ from _dangerous_? _terrible_? _tremendous_? Give examples.

EXAMPLES.

All delays are ---- in war.

---- as an army with banners.

The great fleet moved slowly toward the forts, a ---- array.

* * * * *

FORTIFICATION (page 176).

QUESTIONS.

1. How does a _fortress_ specifically differ from a _fortification_? 2. What is the distinctive meaning of _citadel_? 3. What is a _fort_? 4. What is a _fastness_ or _stronghold_?

EXAMPLES.

For a man's house is his ----.

A mighty ---- is our God,
A bulwark never failing;
Our helper He amid the flood
Of mortal ills prevailing.

Alva built a ---- in the heart of Antwerp to overawe the city.

* * * * *

FORTITUDE (page 176).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _fortitude_? 2. How does it compare with _courage_? 3. How do _resolution_ and _endurance_ compare?

EXAMPLES.

Unbounded ---- and compassion join'd,
Tempering each other in the victor's mind.

Tell thy story;
If thine, consider'd, prove the thousandth part
Of my ----, thou art a man, and I
Have suffer'd like a girl.

Thou didst smile,
Infused with a ---- from heaven,
When I had decked the sea with drops full salt.

* * * * *

FORTUNATE (page 177).

QUESTIONS.

1. How does _fortunate_ compare with _successful_? 2. How are _lucky_ and _fortunate_ discriminated? 3. In what special sense, and with what reference are _favored_ and _prospered_ used?

EXAMPLES.

It is not a ---- word this same "impossible;" no good comes of those
that have it so often in their mouth.

Ah, ---- years! once more who would not be a boy?

I have a mind presages me such thrift
That I should questionless be ----.

* * * * *

FRAUD (page 177).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _fraud_? How does it differ from _deceit_ or _deception_? 2. What is the design of an _imposture_? 3. What is _dishonesty_? a _cheat_? a _swindle_? How do all these fall short of the meaning of _fraud_? 4. Of what relations is _treachery_ used? _treason_?

EXAMPLES.

---- doth never prosper: what's the reason?
Why, if it prosper none dare call it ----.

Whoever has once become notorious by base ----, even if he speaks
truth gains no belief.

The first and the worst of all ---- is to cheat oneself.

* * * * *

FRIENDLY (page 178).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _friendly_ signify as applied to persons, or as applied to acts? 2. How does the adjective _friendly_ compare in strength with the noun _friend_? 3. What is the special meaning of _accessible_? of _companionable_ and _sociable_? of _cordial_ and _genial_?

EXAMPLES.

He that hath friends must show himself ----.

A fellow feeling makes one wondrous ----.

* * * * *

FRIENDSHIP (page 179).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _friendship_? 2. In what one quality does it differ from _affection_, _attachment_, _devotion_, and _friendliness_? 3. What is the meaning of _comity_ and _amity_? 4. How does _friendship_ differ from _love_?

EXAMPLES.

Talk not of wasted ----, ---- never was wasted;
If it enrich not the heart of another, its waters returning
Back to their springs, like the rain, shall fill them full of
refreshment.

----, peculiar boon of heaven,
The noble mind's delight and pride,
To men and angels only given,
To all the lower world denied.

* * * * *

FRIGHTEN (page 180).

QUESTIONS.

1. By what is one _frightened_? by what _intimidated_? 2. What is it to _browbeat_ or _cow_? 3. What is it to _scare_ or _terrify_?

EXAMPLES.

The child was ---- by the stories the nurse told.

The loud, loud winds, that o'er the billows sweep--
Shake the firm nerve, ---- the bravest soul!

* * * * *

FRUGALITY (page 180).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _economy_? 2. What is _frugality_? 3. What is _parsimony_? How does it compare with _frugality_? What is the motive of _parsimony_? 4. What is _miserliness_? 5. What is the special characteristic of _prudence_ and _providence_? of _thrift_? 6. What is the motive of _economy_?

EXAMPLES.

There are but two ways of paying debt: increase of industry in
raising, increase of ---- in laying out.

By close ---- the little home was at last paid for and there was a
great thanksgiving time.

* * * * *

GARRULOUS (page 181).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _garrulous_ signify? _chattering_? 2. How do _talkative_ and _loquacious_ differ from _garrulous_, and from each other? 3. What is the special application of _verbose_?

EXAMPLES.

To tame a shrew, and charm her ---- tongue.

Guard against a feeble fluency, a ---- prosiness, a facility of
saying nothing.

* * * * *

GENDER (page 181).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _sex_? 2. To what beings only does _sex_ apply? 3. What is _gender_? To what does it apply? Do the distinctions of _gender_ correspond to the distinctions of _sex_? Give examples of languages containing three _genders_, and of the classification in languages containing but two.

EXAMPLES.

The maternal relation naturally and necessarily divides the work of
the ----s giving to woman the indoor life, and to man, the work of
the outer world.

While in French every word is either of the masculine or feminine
----, the language sometimes fails for that very reason to indicate
the ---- of some person referred to.

* * * * *

GENERAL (page 181).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _general_ signify? 2. How does _general_ compare with _universal_? with _common_? 3. What illustrations of the differences are given in the text?

EXAMPLES.

---- friendships will admit of division, one may love the beauty of
this, the good humor of that person, ... and so on.

A ---- feeling of unrest prevailed.

Death comes to all by ---- law.

* * * * *

GENEROUS (page 182).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the primary meaning of _generous_? the common meaning? 2. How does _generous_ differ from _liberal_? 3. What is the distinctive sense of _munificent_? 4. What does _munificent_ tell of the motive or spirit of the giver? What does _generous_ tell? 5. How does _disinterested_ compare with _generous_? 6. What is the distinctive meaning of _magnanimous_? How does it differ from _generous_ as regards dealing with insults or injuries?

EXAMPLES.

To cunning men
I will be very kind; and ----
To mine own children, in good bringing up.

A ---- friendship no cold medium knows,
Burns with one love, with one resentment glows.

The conqueror proved as ---- in victory as he was terrible in
battle.

* * * * *

GENIUS (page 183).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _genius_? 2. What is _talent_? 3. Which is the higher quality? 4. Which is the more dependent upon training?

EXAMPLES.

The eternal Master found
His single ---- well employ'd.

No great ---- was ever without some mixture of madness.

* * * * *

GET (page 183).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a person said to _get_? 2. How is _get_ related to expectation or desire? How is _gain_ related to those words? 3. By what processes does one _acquire_? Is the thing _acquired_ sought or desired, or not? 4. What does one _earn_? 5. Does a person always _get_ what he _earns_ or always _earn_ what he _gets_? 6. What does _obtain_ imply? Is the thing one _obtains_ an object of _desire_? How does _obtain_ differ from _get_? 7. What does _win_ imply? How is one said to _win_ a suit at law? What is the correct term in legal phrase? Why? 8. By what special element does _procure_ differ from _obtain_? 9. What is especially implied in _secure_?

EXAMPLES.

He ---- a living as umbrella mender but a poor living it is.

---- wisdom and with all thy getting, ---- understanding.

In the strange city he found that all his learning would not ----
him a dinner.

* * * * *

GIFT (page 184).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _gift_? Is _gift_ used in the good or the bad sense? Does the legal agree with the popular sense? 2. What synonymous word is always used in the evil sense? 3. What is a _benefaction_? a _donation_? What difference of usage is recognized between the two words? 4. What is a _gratuity_, and to whom given? 5. What is the sense and use of _largess_? 6. What is a _present_, and to whom given? 7. What is the special sense of _boon_? 8. What is a _grant_, and by whom made?

EXAMPLES.

He gave us only over beast, fish, fowl,
Dominion absolute; that right we hold
By his ----.

True love's the ---- which God has given
To man alone beneath the heaven.

"----, ----, noble knights," cried the heralds.

The courts of justice had fallen so low that it was practically
impossible to win a cause without a ----.

* * * * *

GIVE (page 185).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the primary meaning of _give_? the secondary meaning? 2. Can we _give_ what is undesired? 3. Can we _give_ what we are paid for? 4. How is _give_ always understood when there is no limitation in the context? 5. Is it correct to say "He _gave_ it to me for nothing"? 6. What is to _grant_? 7. What is implied when we speak of _granting_ a favor? 8. What is to _confer_? 9. What is especially implied in _impart_? in _bestow_?

EXAMPLES.

My God shall ---- all your need according to his riches in glory by
Christ Jesus.

---- to every man that asketh of thee, and from him that would
borrow of thee, turn not thou away.

The court promptly ---- the injunction.

The king ---- upon him the honor of knighthood.

One of the pleasantest things in life is to ---- instruction to
those who really desire to learn.

* * * * *

GOVERN (page 185).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does the word _govern_ imply? How does it differ from _control_? 2. How do _command_ and _control_ differ? 3. How do _rule_ and _govern_ differ? 4. What is the special significance of _sway_? of _mold_? 5. What is it to _manage_? 6. What is the present meaning of _reign_? How does it compare with _rule_?

EXAMPLES.

He that ---- his spirit is greater than he that taketh a city.

For some must follow, and some ----
Tho all are made of clay.

Daniel Webster well described the character of "Old Hickory" in the
sentence, "I do not say that General Jackson did not mean to ----
his country well, but I do say that General Jackson meant to ----
his country."

* * * * *

GRACEFUL (page 186).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _graceful_ denote? How is it especially distinguished from _beautiful_?

EXAMPLES.

How ---- upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good
tidings that publisheth peace.

A ---- myrtle rear'd its head.

* * * * *

GRIEF (page 187).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _grief_? 2. How does _grief_ compare with _sorrow_? with _sadness_? with _melancholy_? 3. What two chief senses has _affliction_? 4. What is implied in _mourning_, in its most common acceptation?

EXAMPLES.

We glory in ---- also.

For our light ---- which is but for a moment, worketh for us a far
more exceeding and eternal weight of glory.

What private ---- they have, alas! I know not, that made them do it.

* * * * *

HABIT (page 187).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _custom_? _routine_? Which is the more mechanical? 2. What element does _habit_ add to _custom_ and _routine_? 3. Should we preferably use _custom_ or _habit_ of a society? of an individual? 4. What is _fashion_? _rule_? _system_? 5. What are _use_ and _usage_, and how do they differ from each other? 6. What is _practise_? 7. What is the distinctive meaning of _wont_?

EXAMPLES.

Every ---- is preserved and increased by correspondent actions, as
the ---- of walking by walking, of running by running.

Montaigne is wrong in declaring that ---- ought to be followed
simply because it is ----, and not because it is reasonable or just.

Lord Brougham says "The longer I live the more careful I am to
entrust everything that I really care to do to the beneficent power
of ----."

---- makes perfect.

Without ---- little that is valuable is ever learned or done.

* * * * *

HAPPEN (page 188).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _happen_ signify? 2. How does it differ from _chance_? 3. What is the distinctive meaning of _betide_? 4. How do both _befall_ and _betide_ differ from _happen_ in grammatical construction? 5. What is the meaning of _supervene_? 6. Is _transpire_ correctly used in the sense of _happen_? When may an event be properly said to _transpire_?

EXAMPLES.

Whatever ---- at all ---- as it should.

Thou sowest not that body that shall be, but bear grain, it may ----
of wheat, or of some other grain.

Ill ---- the graceless renegade!

It ---- that a secret treaty had been previously concluded between
the powers.

If mischief ---- him, thou shalt bring down my gray hairs with
sorrow to the grave.

* * * * *

HAPPINESS (page 189).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _gratification_? _satisfaction_? 2. What is _happiness_? 3. How does _happiness_ differ from _comfort_? 4. How does _comfort_ differ from _enjoyment_? 5. How does _pleasure_ compare with _comfort_ and _enjoyment_? with _happiness_? 6. What do _gratification_ and _satisfaction_ express? How do they compare with each other? 7. How does _happiness_ compare with _gratification_, _satisfaction_, _comfort_, and _pleasure_? with _delight_ and _joy_? 8. What is _delight_? _ecstasy_? _rapture_? 9. What is _triumph_? _blessedness_? _bliss_?

EXAMPLES.

Sweet is ---- after pain.

Virtue alone is ---- below.

Hope elevates and ---- brightens his crest.

The storm raged without, but within the house all was brightness and
----.

There is no ---- so sweet and abiding as that of doing good.

This is the very ---- of love.

* * * * *

HAPPY (page 190).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the original meaning of _happy_? With what words is it allied in this sense? 2. In what way is _happy_ a synonym of _blessed_? 3. What is the meaning of _happy_ in its most frequent present use?

EXAMPLES.

---- are they that mourn for they shall be comforted.

To what ---- accident is it that we owe so unexpected a visit.

A ---- heart maketh a ---- countenance.

I would not spend another such a night,
Tho 'twere to buy a world of ---- days.

* * * * *

HARMONY (page 191).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _harmony_? 2. How does _harmony_ compare with _agreement_? 3. How do _concord_ and _accord_ compare with _harmony_ and with each other? 4. What is _conformity_? _congruity_? 5. What is _consistency_? 6. What is _unanimity_? 7. How do _consent_ and _concurrence_ compare?

EXAMPLES.

We have made a covenant with death and with hell are we at ----.

Tyrants have made desperate efforts to secure outward ---- in
religious observances without ---- of religious belief.

That action and counteraction which, in the natural and in the
political world, from the reciprocal struggle of discordant powers
draws out the ---- of the universe.

The speaker was, by general ----, allowed to proceed.

* * * * *

HARVEST (page 192).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the original meaning of _harvest_? its later meaning? 2. How does _harvest_ compare with _crop_? 3. What is _produce_? How does it differ from _product_? 4. What is the meaning of _proceeds_? _yield_? _return_? 5. Is _harvest_ capable of figurative use, and in what sense? 6. What is the special meaning of _harvest-home_? _harvest-tide_? _harvest-time_?

EXAMPLES.

Just tickle the earth with a hoe, and she laughs with an abundant
----.

And the ripe ---- of the new-mown hay gives it a sweet and wholesome
odor.

It soweth here with toil and care
But the ---- of love is there.

Of no distemper, of no blast he died,
But fell like autumn ---- that mellowed long.

* * * * *

HATRED (page 193).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _repugnance_? _aversion_? 2. How does _hatred_ compare with _aversion_ as applied to persons? as applied to things? 3. What is _malice_? _malignity_? 4. What is _spite_? 5. What are _grudge_, _resentment_, and _revenge_, and how do they compare with one another?

EXAMPLES.

Heaven has no ---- like love to ---- turned.

The slight put upon him filled him with deep ----.

He ne'er bore ---- for stalwart blow
Ta'en in fair fight from gallant foe.

In all cases of wilful injury to person or property, the law
presumes ----.

I felt from our first meeting an instinctive ---- for the man, which
on acquaintance deepened into a settled ----.

* * * * *

HAVE (page 194).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what is _have_ applied? How widely inclusive a word is it? 2. What does _possess_ signify? 3. What is to _hold_? to _occupy_? 4. How does _be in possession_ compare with _possess_? 5. How does _own_ compare with _possess_ or with _be in possession_? 6. What is the difference between the statement that a man _has_ reason, and the statement that he _is in possession_ of his reason?

EXAMPLES.

Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I ---- is thine.

I earnestly entreat you, for your own sakes, to ---- yourselves of
solid reasons.

He occupies the house, but does not ---- it.

* * * * *

HAZARD (page 194).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _hazard_? 2. How does _hazard_ compare with _danger_? 3. How do _risk_ and _venture_ compare with _chance_ and _hazard_, and with each other? 4. How do _accident_ and _casualty_ differ? 5. What is a _contingency_?

EXAMPLES.

We must take the current when it serves or lose our ----.

I have set my life upon a cast, and I will stand the ---- of the
die.

There is no ---- in doing known duty.

Do you think it necessary to provide for every ---- before taking
the first step?

* * * * *

HEALTHY (page 195).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _healthy_? of _healthful_? Are the words properly interchangeable? 2. What are the chief synonyms of _healthy_? of _healthful_? 3. In what sense is _salubrious_ used, and to what is it applied? 4. To what realm does _salutary_ belong?

EXAMPLES.

In books, or work, or ---- play let my first years be passed.

Blessed is the ---- nature; it is the coherent, sweetly cooperative,
not the self-distracting one.

* * * * *

HELP (page 195).

QUESTIONS.

1. Is _help_ or _aid_ the stronger term? 2. Which is used in excitement or emergency? 3. Does _help_ include _aid_ or does _aid_ include _help_? 4. Which implies the seconding of another's exertions? Do we _aid_ or _help_ the helpless? 5. How do _cooperate_ and _assist_ differ? 6. To what do _encourage_ and _uphold_ refer? _succor_ and _support_?

EXAMPLES.

He does not prevent a crime when he can ---- it.

Know then whatever cheerful and serene ---- the mind ---- the body
too.

* * * * *

HERETIC (page 196).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _heretic_? a _schismatic_? 2. In what does a _heretic_ differ from his church or religious body? a _schismatic_? 3. How do a _heretic_ and a _schismatic_ often differ in action? 4. How are the terms _dissenter_ and _non-conformist_ usually applied?

EXAMPLES.

A man that is an ----, after the first and second admonition,
reject.

Churchmen and ---- alike resisted the tyranny of James II.

* * * * *

HETEROGENEOUS (page 196).

QUESTIONS.

1. When are substances _heterogeneous_ as regards each other? 2. When is a mixture, as cement, said to be _heterogeneous_? when _homogeneous_? 3. What is the special significance of _non-homogeneous_? 4. How does _miscellaneous_ differ from _heterogeneous_?

EXAMPLES.

My second son received a sort of ---- education at home.

Courtier and patriot can not mix
Their ---- politics
Without an effervescence.

* * * * *

HIDE (page 197).

QUESTIONS.

1. Which is the most general term of this group, and what does it signify? 2. Is an object _hidden_ by intention, or in what other way or ways, if any? 3. Does _conceal_ evince intention? 4. How does _secrete_ compare with _conceal_? How is it chiefly used? 5. What is it to _cover_? to _screen_?

EXAMPLES.

Men use thought only as authority for their injustice, and employ
speech only to ---- their thoughts.

Ye little stars! ---- your diminished rays.

* * * * *

HIGH (page 198).

QUESTIONS.

1. What kind of a term is _high_? What does it signify? Give instances of the relative use of the word. 2. How does _high_ compare with _deep_? To what objects may these words be severally applied? 3. What is the special significance of _tall_? 4. What element does _lofty_ add to the meaning of _high_ or _tall_? 5. How do _elevated_ and _eminent_ compare in the literal sense? in the figurative? 6. How do the words above mentioned compare with _exalted_? 7. What contrasted uses has _high_ in the figurative sense? 8. What is _towering_ in the literal, and in the figurative sense?

EXAMPLES.

A pillar'd shade, ---- overarched, and echoing walks between.

A daughter of the gods, divinely ---- and most divinely fair.

What is that which the breeze on the ---- steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?

He knew
Himself to sing, and build the ---- rime.

* * * * *

HINDER (page 199).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is it to _hinder_? 2. How does _hinder_ differ from _delay_? 3. How does _hinder_ compare with _prevent_? 4. What is the meaning of _retard_? 5. What is it to _obstruct_? to _resist_? How do these two words compare with each other?

EXAMPLES.

---- the Devil, and he will flee from you.

My tears must stop, for every drop
---- my needle and thread.

It is the study of mankind to ---- that advance of age or death
which can not be ----.

* * * * *

HISTORY (page 200).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _history_? How does it relate events? To what class of events does it apply? 2. How does _history_ differ from _annals_ or _chronicles_?

EXAMPLES.

Happy the people whose ---- are dulled.

---- is little else than a picture of human crimes and misfortunes.

---- is philosophy teaching by example.

* * * * *

HOLY (page 200).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _sacred_? 2. How does it compare with _holy_? 3. Which term do we apply directly to God? 4. In what sense is _divine_ loosely used? What is its more appropriate sense?

EXAMPLES.

The ---- time is quiet as a nun breathless with adoration.

A ---- burden is this life ye bear.

All sects and churches of Christendom hold to some form of the
doctrine of the ---- inspiration of the Christian Scriptures.

* * * * *

HOME (page 201).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the general sense of _abode_, _dwelling_, and _habitation_? What difference is there in the use of these words? 2. From what language is _home_ derived? What is its distinctive meaning?

EXAMPLES.

An ---- giddy and unsure
Hath he that buildeth on the vulgar heart.

The attempt to abolish the ideal woman and keep the ideal ---- is a
predestinated failure.

A house without love may be a castle or a palace, but it is not a
----.

Love is the life of a true ----.

* * * * *

HONEST (page 202).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _honest_ in ordinary use? 2. What is the meaning of _honorable_? 3. How will the merely _honest_ and the truly _honorable_ man differ in action? 4. What is _honest_ in the highest and fullest sense? How, in this sense, does it differ from _honorable_?

EXAMPLES.

---- labor bears a lovely face.

An ---- man's the noblest work of God.

No form of pure, undisguised murder will be any longer allowed to
confound itself with the necessities of ---- warfare.

* * * * *

HORIZONTAL (page 202).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _horizontal_ signify? How does it compare with _level_? 2. From what language is _flat_ derived? 3. What is its original meaning? its most common present sense? In what derived sense is it often used? 4. What are the senses of _plain_ and _plane_?

EXAMPLES.

Sun and moon were in the ---- sea sunk.

Ample spaces o'er the smooth and ---- pavement.

The prominent lines in Greek architecture were ----, and not
vertical.

* * * * *

HUNT (page 203).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _hunt_? 2. For what is a _chase_ or _pursuit_ conducted? a _search_? 3. What does _hunt_ ordinarily include? 4. Is it correct to use _hunt_ when _search_ only is contemplated? 5. How are these words used in the figurative senses?

EXAMPLES.

Among the inalienable rights of man are life, liberty, and the ----
of happiness.

All things have an end, and so did our ---- for lodgings.

The ---- formed the principal amusement of our Norman kings, who for
that purpose retained in their possession forests in every part of
the kingdom.

The ---- is up, but they shall know
The stag at bay's a dangerous foe.

* * * * *

HYPOCRISY (page 204).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is _pretense_ derived, and what does it signify? 2. What is _hypocrisy_? 3. What is _cant_? _sanctimoniousness_? 4. What is _pietism_? _formalism_? _sham_? 5. How does _affectation_ compare with _hypocrisy_?

EXAMPLES.

Let not the Trojans, with a feigned ---- of proffered peace, delude
the Latian prince.

---- is a fawning and flexible art, which accommodates itself to
human feelings, and flatters the weakness of men in order that it
may gain its own ends.

* * * * *

HYPOCRITE (page 204).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is _hypocrite_ derived? What is its primary meaning? 2. What common term includes the other words of the group? 3. How are _hypocrite_ and _dissembler_ contrasted with each other? 4. What element is common to the _cheat_ and the _impostor_? How do the two compare with each other?

EXAMPLES.

It is the weakest sort of politicians that are the greatest ----.

I dare swear he is no ---- but prays from his heart.

In the reign of Henry VII., an ----, named Perkin Warbeck, laid
claim to the English crown.

* * * * *

HYPOTHESIS (page 205).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _hypothesis_? What is its use in scientific investigation and study? 2. What is a _guess_? a _conjecture_? a _supposition_? a _surmise_? 3. What implication does _surmise_ ordinarily convey? What is a _theory_? a _scheme_? a _speculation_? How do they differ?

EXAMPLES.

----, fancies, built on nothing firm.

There are no other limits to ---- than those of the human mind.

The development ----, tho widely accepted by men of science fails of
proof at many important points.

* * * * *

IDEA (page 206).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is _idea_ derived, and what did it originally mean? 2. What did _idea_ signify in early philosophical use? 3. What is its present popular use, and with what words is it now synonymous?

EXAMPLES.

All rests with those who read. A work or ----
Is what each makes it to himself.

He who comes up to his own ---- of greatness must always have had a
very low standard of it in his mind.

* * * * *

IDEAL (page 206).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is an _ideal_? 2. What is an _archetype_? a _prototype_? 3. Can a _prototype_ be equivalent to an _archetype_? 4. Is an _ideal_ primal, or the result of development? 5. What is an _original_? 6. What is the _standard_? How does it compare with the _ideal_? 7. How are _idea_ and _ideal_ contrasted?

EXAMPLES.

Be a ---- to others and then all will go well.

The mind's the ---- of the man.

Every man has at times in his mind the ---- of what he should be,
but is not.

* * * * *

IDIOCY (page 207).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _idiocy_? 2. What is _imbecility_? How does it compare with _idiocy_? 3. How does _insanity_ differ from _idiocy_ or _imbecility_? 4. How do _folly_ and _foolishness_ compare with _idiocy_? 5. What is _fatuity_? _stupidity_?

EXAMPLES.

Where ignorance is bliss, 'tis ---- to be wise.

To expect an effect without a cause, or attainment without
application, is little less than ----.

* * * * *

IDLE (page 208).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is _idle_ derived, and what is its original meaning? 2. What does _idle_ in present use properly denote? Does it necessarily denote the absence of all action? 3. What does _lazy_ signify? How does it differ from _idle_? 4. What does _inert_ signify? _sluggish_? 5. In what realm does _slothful_ belong, and what does it denote? 6. How does _indolent_ compare with _slothful_?

EXAMPLES.

The ---- stream was covered with a green scum.

Never ---- a moment, but thrifty and thoughtful of others.

As the door turneth upon his hinges, so doth the ---- turn upon his
bed.

* * * * *

IGNORANT (page 208).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _ignorant_ signify? How wide is its range? 2. What is the meaning of _illiterate_? 3. How does _unlettered_ compare with _illiterate_?

EXAMPLES.

So foolish was I and ----; I was as a beast before thee.

A boy is better unborn than ----.

* * * * *

IMAGINATION (page 209).

QUESTIONS.

1. Into what two parts was _imagination_ divided in the old psychology? 2. What name is now preferably given to the so-called _Reproductive Imagination_ by President Porter and others? 3. What is _fantasy_ or _phantasy_? In what mental actions is it manifested? 4. What is _fantasy_ in ordinary usage? 5. How is _imagination_ defined? _fancy_? 6. To what faculty of the mind do both of these activities or powers belong? 7. In what other respects do _imagination_ and _fancy_ agree? What is the one great distinction between them? How do they respectively treat the material objects or images with which they deal? Which power finds use in philosophy, science, and mechanical invention, and how?

EXAMPLES.

While ----, like the finger of a clock,
Runs the great circuit, and is still at home.

And as ---- bodies forth
The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen
Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing
A local habitation and a name.

* * * * *

IMMEDIATELY (page 211).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the primary meaning of _immediately_? Its meaning as an adverb of time? 2. What did _by and by_ formerly signify? What is its present meaning? 3. What did _directly_ formerly signify, and what does it now commonly mean? 4. What change has _presently_ undergone? 5. Is _immediately_ losing anything of its force? What words now seem more emphatic?

EXAMPLES.

Nothing is there to come, and nothing past,
But an eternal ---- does always last.

Let us go up ----, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome
it.

Obey me ----!

* * * * *

IMMERSE (page 212).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is _dip_ derived? from what _immerse_? 2. How do the two words differ in dignity? How as to the completeness of the action? How as to the continuance of the object in or under the liquid? 3. Which word is preferably used as to the rite of baptism? 4. What does _submerge_ imply? 5. What are _douse_ and _duck_? 6. What special sense has _dip_ which the other words do not share?

EXAMPLES.

Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant!
Let the dead Past ---- its dead.

The ships of war, Congress and Cumberland, were ---- by the
Merrimac.

When food can not be swallowed, life may be prolonged by ---- the
body in nutritive fluids.

* * * * *

IMMINENT (page 212).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is _imminent_ derived and with what primary sense? _impending_? 2. How do _imminent_ and _impending_ differ in present use? 3. How does _threatening_ differ from the two words above given?

EXAMPLES.

And nodding Ilium waits the ---- fall.

And these she does apply for warnings, portents,
And evils ----.

* * * * *

IMPEDIMENT (page 213).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _impediment_ primarily signify? _obstacle_? _obstruction_? 2. How does _obstacle_ differ from _obstruction_? 3. What is a _hindrance_? 4. Is an _impediment_ what one finds or what he carries? Is it momentary or constant? What did the Latin _impedimenta_ signify? 5. What is an _encumbrance_? How does it differ from an _obstacle_ or _obstruction_? 6. Is a _difficulty_ within one or without?

EXAMPLES.

Something between a ---- and a help.

Thus far into the bowels of the land
Have we march'd without ----.

Demosthenes became the foremost orator of the world in spite of an
---- in his speech.

----s overcome are the stepping-stones by which great men rise.

* * * * *

IMPUDENCE (page 213).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _impertinence_ primarily denote? What is its common acceptation? 2. What is _impudence_? _insolence_? 3. What is _officiousness_? 4. What does _rudeness_ suggest?

EXAMPLES.

With matchless ---- they style a wife
The dear-bought curse, and lawful plague of life.

It is better not to turn friendship into a system of lawful and
unpunishable ----.

A certain class of ill-natured people mistake ---- for frankness.

* * * * *

INCONGRUOUS (page 214).

QUESTIONS.

1. When are things said to be _incongruous_? 2. To what is _discordant_ applied? _inharmonious_? 3. What does _incompatible_ signify? When are things said to be _incompatible_? 4. To what does _inconsistent_ apply? 5. What illustrations of the uses of these words are given in the text? 6. What is the meaning of _incommensurable_?

EXAMPLES.

No solitude is so solitary as that of ---- companionship.

I hear a strain ---- as a merry dirge, or sacramental bacchanal
might be.

* * * * *

INDUCTION (page 215).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _deduction_? _induction_? 2. What is the proof of an _induction_? 3. What process is ordinarily followed in what is known as scientific _induction_? 4. How do _deduction_ and _induction_ compare as to the certainty of the conclusion? 5. How does an _induction_ compare with an _inference_?

EXAMPLES.

The longer one studies a vast subject the more cautious in ---- he
becomes.