Chapter XXII: Part II: Questions and Examples (4)

Perhaps the widest and best known ---- of Biology, is that organisms
grow.

* * * * *

INDUSTRIOUS (page 215).

QUESTIONS.

1. How does _busy_ differ from _industrious_? 2. What is the implication if we say one is _industrious_ just now? 3. What does _diligent_ add to the meaning of _industrious_?

EXAMPLES.

Look cheerfully upon me,
Here, love; thou see'st how ---- I am.

The ---- have no time for tears.

* * * * *

INDUSTRY (page 216).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _industry_? 2. What does _assiduity_ signify as indicated by its etymology? _diligence_? 3. How does _application_ compare with _assiduity_? 4. What is _constancy_? _patience_? _perseverance_? 5. What is _persistence_? What implication does it frequently convey? 6. How does _industry_ compare with _diligence_? 7. To what do _labor_ and _pains_ especially refer?

EXAMPLES.

Honors come by ----; riches spring from economy.

'Tis ---- supports us all.

There is no success in study without close, continuous, and intense
----.

His ---- in wickedness would have won him enduring honor if it had
taken the form of ---- in a better cause.

* * * * *

INFINITE (page 216).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is _infinite_ derived, and with what meaning? To what may it be applied? 2. How do _countless_, _innumerable_, and _numberless_ compare with _infinite_? 3. What is the use of _boundless_, _illimitable_, _limitless_, _measureless_, and _unlimited_? 4. What are the dimensions of _infinite_ space? What is the duration of _infinite_ time?

EXAMPLES.

My bounty is as ---- as the sea, my love as deep, the more I give to
thee, the more I have, for both are ----.

Man's inhumanity to man makes ---- thousands mourn.

* * * * *

INFLUENCE (page 217).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is it to _influence_? is one _influenced_ by external or internal force? 2. To what kind of power does _actuate_ refer? Does one person _actuate_ or _influence_ another? 3. What do _prompt_ and _stir_ imply? 4. What is it to _excite_? 5. What do _incite_ and _instigate_ signify? How do these two words differ? 6. What do _urge_ and _impel_ imply? How do they differ in the source of the power exerted? 7. What do _drive_ and _compel_ imply, and how do these two words compare with each other?

EXAMPLES.

He was ---- by his own violent passions to desperate crime.

And well she can ----.

Fine thoughts are wealth, for the right use of which
Men are and ought to be accountable,
If not to Thee, to those they ----.

* * * * *

INHERENT (page 218).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _inherent_ signify? 2. To what realm of thought does _immanent_ belong? What does it signify? How does it differ from _inherent_? Which is applied to the Divine Being? 3. To what do _congenital_, _innate_, and _inborn_ apply as distinguished from _inherent_ and _intrinsic_? 4. With what special reference does _congenital_ occur in medical and legal use? 5. What is the difference in use between _innate_ and _inborn_? 6. What does _inbred_ add to the sense of _innate_ or _inborn_? 7. What is _ingrained_?

EXAMPLES.

An ---- power in the life of the world.

All men have an ---- right to life, liberty, and protection.

He evinced an ---- stupidity that seemed almost tantamount to ----
idiocy.

Many philosophers hold that God is ---- in nature.

Any stable currency must be founded at last upon something, as gold
or silver, that has ---- value.

The wrongs and abuses which are ---- in the very structure and
constitution of society as it now exists throughout Christendom.

* * * * *

INJURY (page 219).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is _injury_ derived? What is its primary meaning? Its derived meaning? 2. How inclusive a word is _injury_? 3. From what is _damage_ derived, and with what original sense? _detriment_? How do these words compare in actual use? 4. How does _damage_ compare with _loss_? How can a _loss_ be said to be partial? 5. What is _evil_, and with what frequent suggestion? 6. What is _harm_? _hurt_? How do these words compare with _injury_? 7. What is _mischief_? How caused, and with what intent?

EXAMPLES.

Nothing can work me ----, except myself; the ---- that I sustain I
carry about with me, and never am a real sufferer but by my own
fault.

Hippolyta, I woo'd thee with my sword,
And won thy love, doing thee ----.

* * * * *

INJUSTICE (page 220).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _injustice_? 2. How does _wrong_ differ from _injustice_ in legal use? How in popular use? 3. What is _iniquity_ in the legal sense? in the common sense?

EXAMPLES.

War in men's eyes shall be a monster of ----.

No man can mortgage his ---- as a pawn for his fidelity.

Such an act is an ---- upon humanity.

* * * * *

INNOCENT (page 220).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _innocent_ in the full sense signify? 2. Is _innocent_ positive or negative? How does it compare with _righteous_, _upright_, or _virtuous_? 3. In what two applications may _immaculate_, _pure_, and _sinless_ be used? 4. With what limited sense is _innocent_ used of moral beings? 5. In what sense is _innocent_ applied to inanimate substances?

EXAMPLES.

They are as ---- as grace itself.

For blessings ever wait on ---- deeds,
And tho a late, a sure reward succeeds.

The wicked flee where no man pursueth, but the ---- are bold as a
lion.

A daughter, and a goodly babe;
... the queen receives
Much comfort in't: says, _My poor prisoner,
I am ---- as you_.

* * * * *

INQUISITIVE (page 221).

QUESTIONS.

1. What are the characteristics of an _inquisitive_ person? 2. Is _inquisitive_ ever used in a good sense? What, in that sense, is ordinarily preferred? 3. What does _curious_ signify, and how does it differ from _inquisitive_?

EXAMPLES.

His was an anxiously ---- mind, a scrupulously conscientious heart.

Adrian was the most ---- man that ever lived, and the most universal
inquirer.

I am ---- to know the cause of this sudden change of purpose.

* * * * *

INSANITY (page 221).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _insanity_ in the widest sense? in its restricted use? Which use is the more frequent? 2. From what is _lunacy_ derived? What did it originally imply? In what sense is it now used? 3. What is _madness_? 4. What is _derangement_? _delirium_? 5. What is the specific meaning of _dementia_? 6. What is _aberration_? 7. What is the distinctive meaning of _hallucination_? 8. What is _monomania_? 9. What are _frenzy_ and _mania_?

EXAMPLES.

Go--you may call it ----, folly--you shall not chase my gloom away.

All power of fancy over reason is a degree of ----.

* * * * *

INTERPOSE (page 222).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is it to _interpose_? 2. How does _intercede_ differ from _interpose_? 3. What is it to _intermeddle_? How does it differ from _meddle_? from _interfere_? 4. What do _arbitrate_ and _mediate_ involve?

EXAMPLES.

Dion, his brother, ---- for him and his life was saved.

Nature has ---- a natural barrier between England and the continent.

* * * * *

INVOLVE (page 223).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is _involve_ derived, and with what primary meaning? 2. How does _involve_ compare with _implicate_? 3. Are these words used in the favorable or the unfavorable sense? 4. As regards results what is the difference between _include_, _imply_, and _involve_?

EXAMPLES.

Rocks may be squeezed into new forms, bent, contorted, and ----.

An oyster-shell sometimes ---- a pearl.

---- in other men's affairs, he went down to their ruin.

* * * * *

JOURNEY (page 223).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is _journey_ derived? What is its primary meaning? Its present meaning? 2. What is _travel_? How does it differ from _journey_? 3. What was the former meaning of _voyage_? its present meaning? 4. What is a _trip_? a _tour_? 5. What is the meaning and common use of _passage_? of _transit_? 6. What is the original meaning of _pilgrimage_? How is it now used?

EXAMPLES.

---- makes all men countrymen.

All the ---- of their life is bound in shallows and in miseries.

It were a ---- like the path to heaven,
To help you find them.

* * * * *

JUDGE (page 224).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _judge_ in the legal sense? 2. What other senses has the word _judge_ in common use? 3. What is a _referee_, and how appointed? an _arbitrator_? 4. What is the popular sense of _umpire_? the legal sense? 5. What is the present use of _arbiter_? 6. What are the _judges_ of the United States Supreme Court officially called?

EXAMPLES.

The end crowns all,
And that old common ----, Time,
Will one day end it.

A man who is no ---- of law may be a good ---- of poetry.

The ---- is only the mouth of law, and the magistrate who punishes
is only the hand.

* * * * *

JUSTICE (page 225).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _justice_ in governmental relations? in social and personal relations? in matters of reasoning or literary treatment? 2. To what do _integrity_, _rectitude_, _right_, _righteousness_, and _virtue_ apply? What do all these include? 3. What two contrasted senses has _lawfulness_? 4. To what does _justness_ refer, and in what sense is it used?

EXAMPLES.

---- exalteth a nation.

---- of life is fame's best friend.

He shall have merely ----, and his bond.

* * * * *

KEEP (page 226).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the general meaning of _keep_? 2. How does _keep_ compare with _preserve_? _fulfil_? _maintain_? 3. What does _keep_ imply when used as a synonym of _guard_ or _defend_?

EXAMPLES.

These make and ---- the balance of the mind.

The good old rule
Sufficeth them,--the simple plan,
That they should take who have the power
And they should ---- who can.

---- thy shop, and thy shop will ---- thee.

* * * * *

KILL (page 226).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is it to _kill_? 2. To what are _assassinate_, _execute_, and _murder_ restricted? 3. What is the specific meaning of _murder_? _execute_? _assassinate_? To what class of persons is the latter word ordinarily applied? 4. What is it to _slay_? 5. To what is _massacre_ limited? With what special meaning is it used? 6. To what do _butcher_ and _slaughter_ primarily apply? What is the sense of each when so used? 7. What is it to _despatch_?

EXAMPLES.

To look into her eyes was to ---- doubt.

Two presidents of the United States have been ----.

Hamilton was ---- in a duel by Aaron Burr.

The place was carried by storm, and the inhabitants ---- without
distinction of age or sex.

* * * * *

KIN (page 227).

QUESTIONS.

1. How does _kind_ compare with _kin_? 2. What do _kin_ and _kindred_ denote? 3. What is _affinity_? How does it differ from _consanguinity_?

EXAMPLES.

A little more than ----, and less than ----.

He held his seat,--a friend to the human ----.

The patient bride, a little sad,
Leaving of home and ----.

* * * * *

KNOWLEDGE (page 227).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _knowledge_? How does it differ from _information_? 2. What is _perception_? _apprehension_? _cognizance_? 3. What is _intuition_? 4. What is _experience_, and how does it differ from _intuition_? 5. What is _learning_? _erudition_?

EXAMPLES.

---- comes, but wisdom lingers.

The child is continually seeking ----; hence his endless questions.

'Tis the sunset of life gives me mystical ----,
And coming events cast their shadows before.

----s lie at the very foundation of all reasoning.

* * * * *

LANGUAGE (page 228).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the derivation of _language_? What was its original signification? How wide is its present meaning? 2. As regards the use of words, what does _language_ denote in the general and in the restricted sense? 3. What does _speech_ always involve? 4. Can we speak of the _speech_ of animals? of their _language_? 5. What is a _dialect_? a _barbarism_? an _idiom_? 6. What is a _patois_? How does it differ from a _dialect_? 7. What is a _vernacular_?

EXAMPLES.

We must be free or die, who speak the ----
That Shakespeare spake: the faith and morals hold
Which Milton held.

---- is great; but silence is greater.

An infant crying in the night,
An infant crying for the light,
And with no ---- but a cry.

Thought leapt out to wed with Thought,
Ere Thought could wed itself with ----.

A Babylonish ----
Which learned pedants much affect.

O! good, my lord, no Latin;
I'm not such a truant since my coming
As not to know the ---- I have lived in.

* * * * *

LARGE (page 229).

QUESTIONS.

1. To how many dimensions does _large_ apply? How does it differ from _long_? 2. How does _large_ compare with _great_? with _big_?

EXAMPLES.

Courage, the mighty attribute of powers above,
By which those ---- in war, are ---- in love.

Everything is twice as ---- measured on a three-year-old's
three-foot scale as on a thirty-year-old's six-foot scale.

And his ---- manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble,
Pipes and whistles in its sound.

* * * * *

LAW (page 229).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the definition of _law_ in its ideal? What does it signify in common use? 2. What are the characteristics of _command_ and _commandment_? of an _edict_? 3. What is a _mandate_? a _statute_? an _enactment_? 4. In what special connection is _formula_ commonly used? _ordinance_? _order_? 5. What is the meaning of _law_ in such an expression as "the _laws_ of nature?" What in more strictly scientific use? 6. What is a _code_? _jurisprudence_? _legislation_? What is an _economy_? Is _law_ ever a synonym for these words, and in what way?

EXAMPLES.

Order is Heaven's first ----; and this confest,
Some are, and must be, greater than the rest.

Those he commands move only in ----,
Nothing in love.

His fair large front and eye sublime declared
Absolute ----.

We have strict ----, and most biting ----.

Napoleon gave France the best ---- of ---- she has ever possessed.

---- is physical, established sequence; intellectual, a condition of
intellectual action in order that truth may be reached; and moral,
an imperative which determines the right guidance of our higher
life.

* * * * *

LIBERTY (page 230).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _freedom_? 2. What is _liberty_ in the primary sense? in the widest sense? 3. How do _freedom_ and _liberty_ compare? 4. How is _independence_ used in distinction from _freedom_ and _liberty_? 5. Is _freedom_ or _liberty_ more freely used in a figurative sense? 6. What is _license_? How does it compare with _liberty_ and _freedom_?

EXAMPLES.

In Rousseau's philosophy ---- is conceived of as lawlessness.

When ---- from her mountain-height
Unfurled her standard to the air,
She tore the azure robe of night,
And set the stars of glory there.

The ---- to go higher than we are is given only when we have
fulfilled amply the duty of our present sphere.

---- they mean when they cry ----!
For who loves that must first be wise and good.

* * * * *

LIGHT (page 231).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _light_? 2. What are the characteristics of a _flame_? a _blaze_? 3. What is a _flare_? a _flash_? 4. What is the sense of _glare_ and _glow_? How do they differ, and to what are they applied? 5. To what do _shine_ and _sheen_ refer? 6. What do _glimmer_, _glitter_, and _shimmer_ denote? 7. What is _gleam_? a _glitter_? a _sparkle_? _glistening_? 8. What is _scintillation_? in what two senses used? 9. To what are _twinkle_ and _twinkling_ applied? 10. What is _illumination_? _incandescence_?

EXAMPLES.

From a little spark may burst a mighty ----.

A ---- as of another life, my kindling soul received.

It is ----, that enables us to see the differences between things;
and it is Christ that gives us ----.

White with the whiteness of the snow,
Pink with faintest rosy ----,
They blossom on their sprays.

Ghastly in the ---- of day.

---- in golden coats like images.

So ---- a good deed in a naughty world.

There's but the ---- of a star
Between a man of peace and war.

* * * * *

LISTEN (page 232).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _hear_ signify? What does _listen_ add to the meaning of _hear_? 2. What does _attend_ add to the meaning of _listen_? 3. What does _heed_ further imply? 4. What is the difference between _listen for_ and _listen to_?

EXAMPLES.

And ----! how blithe the throstle sings;
He, too, is no mean preacher;

Till I ---- and ----
If a step draweth near.

Chill airs and wintry winds! my ear
Has grown familiar with your song;
I ---- it in the opening year,
I ----, and it cheers me long.

----, every one
That ---- may, unto a tale
That's merrier than the nightingale.

The men lay silent in the tall grass ---- for the signal gun that
should bid them rise and charge.

* * * * *

LITERATURE (page 233).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _literature_ in the most general sense? in more limited sense? 2. What does _literature_, used absolutely, denote? 3. How may _literature_ include _science_? How is it ordinarily contrasted with _science_?

EXAMPLES.

Wherever ---- consoles sorrow or assuages pain; wherever it brings
gladness to eyes which fail with wakefulness and tears--there is
exhibited in its noblest form the immortal influence of Athens.

---- are lifelong friends.

---- are embalmed minds.

In our own language we have a ---- nowhere surpassed, in whose lock
no foreign key will ever rust.

* * * * *

LOAD (page 233).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is _burden_ derived, and with what primary meaning? _load_? 2. What does _weight_ signify? How does it compare with _load_ and _burden_? 3. What are _cargo_, _freight_, and _lading_? 4. What is the distinctive sense of _pack_?

EXAMPLES.

Bear ye one another's ----.

Wearing all that ----
Of learning lightly like a flower.

The ass will carry his ----, but not a double ----.

* * * * *

LOOK (page 234).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinction between _look_ and _see_? between these words and _behold_? 2. What is it to _gaze_? to _glance_? to _stare_? 3. What do _scan_, _inspect_, and _survey_ respectively express, and how are they distinguished from one another? 4. What element or elements does _watch_ add to the meaning of _look_?

EXAMPLES.

It is always well to ---- at people when addressing them.

Having eyes they ---- not, and having ears hear not.

Then gently ---- your brother man,
Still gentler sister woman;
Tho' they may gang a kennin wrang,
To step aside is human.

My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that ---- for the
morning.

How peacefully the broad and golden moon
Comes up to ---- upon the reaper's toil!

I am monarch of all I ----,
My right there is none to dispute;
From the center all round to the sea,
I am lord of the fowl and the brute.

But, ----, the morn in russet mantle clad,
Walks o'er the dew of yon high eastern hill.

* * * * *

LOVE (page 235).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _affection_? 2. What may be given as a brief definition of _love_? 3. Does _affection_ apply to persons or things? To what does _love_ apply? 4. What term is preferable to _love_ as applying to articles of food and the like? 5. How does _love_ differ from _affection_? from _friendship_?

EXAMPLES.

Peace, commerce, and honest ---- with all nations help to form the
bright constellation which has gone before us.

And you must love him ere to you he will seem worthy of your ----.

Yet pity for a horse o'erdriven
And ---- in which my hound has part
Can hang no weight upon my heart,
In its assumptions up to heaven.

Such ---- and unbroken faith
As temper life's worst bitterness.

* * * * *

MAKE (page 236).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the essential idea of _make_? 2. How is _make_ allied with _create_? 3. How is _make_ allied with _compose_ or _constitute_? 4. What are some chief antonyms for _make_? 5. What are the prepositions chiefly used with _make_, and how employed?

EXAMPLES.

In the beginning God ---- the heaven and the earth.

The mason ----, the architect ----.

I assert confidently that it is in the power of one American mother
to ---- as many gentlemen as she has sons.

Newton discovered, but did not ---- the law of gravitation.

The river flows over a bed of pebbles like those that ---- the beach
and the surrounding plains.

A hermit and a wolf or two
My whole acquaintance ----.

If we were not willing, they possessed the power of ---- us to do
them justice.

The lessons of adversity sometimes soften and ----, but as often
they indurate and pervert.

* * * * *

MARRIAGE (page 236).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _matrimony_ specifically denote? 2. What two senses has _marriage_? 3. From what language is _wedlock_ derived? what is its distinctive use? 4. What is the meaning of _wedding_? _nuptials_?

EXAMPLES.

Let me not to the ---- of true minds admit impediments.

The lover was killed in a duel on the night before the intended
----.

I'll join my eldest daughter, and my joy,
To him forthwith in holy ---- bonds.

* * * * *

MASCULINE (page 237).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what is _male_ applied? To what _masculine_? 2. To what does _manly_ refer? _manful_? In what connection can _manly_ be used where _manful_ could not be substituted? 3. What is the sense of _mannish_? _virile_?

EXAMPLES.

Every virtue in the higher phases of ---- character begins in truth
and pity or truth and reverence to all womanhood.

One brave and ---- struggle
And he gained the solid land
And the cover of the mountains
And the carbines of his band.

So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he
him; ---- and female created he them.

* * * * *

MASSACRE (page 237).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _massacre_? _butchery_? _havoc_? 2. To what does _carnage_ especially refer? _slaughter_? 3. Which of these words can be used of the destruction of life in open and honorable warfare?

EXAMPLES.

Mark! where his ---- and his conquests cease!
He makes a solitude and calls it peace!

Forbade to wade through ---- to a throne,
And shut the gates of mercy on mankind.

The capture of Port Arthur was followed by a terrible ----.

* * * * *

MEDDLESOME (page 238).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the conduct specially characteristic of a _meddlesome_ person? of an _intrusive_ person? of one who is _obtrusive_? _officious_? 2. To what is _obtrusive_ chiefly applied? _intrusive_? _officious_? _meddlesome_?

EXAMPLES.

Where sorrow's held ---- and turned out,
There wisdom will not enter nor true power,
Nor aught that dignifies humanity.

A ---- monkey had been among the papers.

* * * * *

MELODY (page 238).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _harmony_? _melody_? In what special feature does the one differ from the other? 2. How many parts are required for _harmony_? how many for _melody_? 3. What is _unison_? 4. What does _music_ include?

EXAMPLES.

Sweetest ----
Are those that are by distance made more sweet.

----, when soft voices die,
Vibrates in the memory.

Ring out ye crystal spheres
And with your ninefold ----
Make up full consort to the angelic ----.

* * * * *

MEMORY (page 239).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _memory_ in the special and in the general sense? 2. What is _remembrance_, and how distinguished from _memory_? 3. Is _remembrance_ voluntary or involuntary? 4. What is _recollection_, and what does it involve? 5. What is _reminiscence_? _retrospection_? How do these two words differ?

EXAMPLES.

---- like a purse, if it be over-full that it can not shut, all will
drop out of it; take heed of a gluttonous curiosity to feed on many
things, lest the greediness of the appetite of thy ---- spoil the
digestion thereof.

---- wakes with all her busy train,
Swells at my breast, and turns the past to pain.

It is a favorite device of eminent men to devote their old age to
writing their ----s, thus quietly living over again a busy or
tumultuous life.

* * * * *

MERCY (page 239).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _mercy_ in the strictest sense? 2. To what class is _grace_ shown? 3. To what class are _mercy_, _forgiveness_, and _pardon_ extended? 4. In what wider significations is _mercy_ used? 5. What is _clemency_? _leniency_ or _lenity_? How do these words compare with _mercy_?

EXAMPLES.

How would you be,
If He, which is the top of judgment, should
But judge you as you are? O, think on that;
And ---- then will breathe within your lips,
Like man new made.

The only protection which the conquered could find was in the
moderation, the ----, and the enlarged policy of the conquerors.

To favor sin is to discourage virtue; undue ---- to the bad is
unkindness to the good.

* * * * *

METER (page 240).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _euphony_? How does it differ from _meter_, _measure_, and _rhythm_? 2. How are _rhythm_ and _meter_ produced? 3. How does _meter_ differ from _rhythm_? 4. What is a _verse_ in the strict sense? In what wider sense is the word often used?

EXAMPLES.

---- is a very vague and unscientific term. Each nation considers
its own language, each tribe its own dialect, euphonic.

---- may be defined to be a succession of poetical feet arranged in
regular order according to certain types recognized as standards, in
verses of a determinate length.

We have three principal domains in which ---- manifests its nature
and power--dancing, music, poetry.

* * * * *

MIND (page 241).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _mind_? How does it differ from _intellect_? 2. What does _consciousness_ include? Is it attended with distinct thinking and willing? 3. What is the _soul_? 4. From what is _spirit_ used in special contradistinction? How does it differ from _soul_? 5. What is Paley's definition of _instinct_? 6. In what contrasted meanings is the word _sense_ employed? 7. What is _thought_?

EXAMPLES.

A great ---- will be strong to live, as well as to think.

God is a ----: and they that worship him must worship him in ----
and in truth.

* * * * *

MINUTE (page 242).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _minute_? 2. When is a thing said to be _comminuted_? 3. How does _fine_ differ from _comminuted_? 4. What terms are applied to an account extended to _minute_ particulars? to an examination similarly extended?

EXAMPLES.

No ---- room so warm and bright,
Wherein to read, wherein to write.

Life hangs on, held by a ---- thread.

An organism so ---- as to be visible only under the microscope, yet
possessed of life, motion, and seeming intelligence is a source of
ceaseless wonder.

* * * * *

MISFORTUNE (page 242).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _misfortune_? Is the sufferer considered blameworthy for it? 2. What is _calamity_? _disaster_? 3. In what special sense are the words _affliction_, _chastening_, _trial_, and _tribulation_ used? How are these four words discriminated the one from another?

EXAMPLES.

He's not valiant that dares die,
But he that boldly bears ----.

I never knew a man in life who could not bear another's ----
perfectly like a Christian.

* * * * *

MODEL (page 243).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _model_? a _pattern_? How are they distinguished from one another? 2. Which admits of freedom or idealization?

EXAMPLES.

Things done without ----, in their issue
Are to be fear'd.

Be a ---- to others, and then all will go well.

Washington and his compeers had no ---- of a federal republic with
constitutional bonds and limitations.

Moses was admonished, See that thou make all things according to the
---- shewed to thee in the mount.

* * * * *

MODESTY (page 244).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _modesty_ in the general sense? In what specific sense is the word also used? 2. What is _bashfulness_? _diffidence_? _coyness_? _reserve_?

EXAMPLES.

For silence and chaste ---- is woman's genuine praise, and to remain
quiet within the house.

If a young lady has that discretion and ----, without which all
knowledge is little worth, she will never make an ostentatious
parade of it.

His shrinking ---- was often mistaken for a proud ----.

* * * * *

MONEY (page 244).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _money_? _specie_? _cash_? 2. How does _property_ differ from _money_? 3. What is _bullion_? _capital_?

EXAMPLES.

I am not covetous for ----;
Nor care I who doth feed upon my cost.

For the love of ---- is the root of all evil.

He converted all his ---- into ready ----.

One who undertakes to do business without ---- is likely to be
speedily straitened for ----.

---- in reversion may be of far less value than ---- in hand.

* * * * *

MOROSE (page 245).

QUESTIONS.

1. By what characteristics are the _morose_ distinguished? the _sullen_ and _sulky_? 2. How does _sullen_ differ from _sulky_? 3. What is the meaning of _surly_? 4. Which of these words denote transient moods and which denote enduring states or disposition?

EXAMPLES.

My master is of ---- disposition,
And little recks to find the way to heaven
By doing deeds of hospitality.

A poet who fails in writing, becomes often a ---- critic.

He answered with a ---- growl.

Achilles remained in his tent in ---- inaction.

* * * * *

MOTION (page 246).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _motion_? 2. How does _motion_ differ from _movement_? Give examples. 3. In what sense is _move_ employed? 4. What is the special sense of _motion_ in a deliberative assembly? 5. Is _action_ or _motion_ the more comprehensive word? Which is commonly used in reference to the mind?

EXAMPLES.

That ---- is best which procures the greatest happiness for the
greatest numbers.

There is no death! What seems so is ----;
This life of mortal breath
Is but a suburb of the life elysian,
Whose portal we call Death.

The Copernican theory first clearly explained the ---- of the
planets.

* * * * *

MUTUAL (page 246).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _common_? _mutual_? _reciprocal_? 2. Is it correct to speak of a _mutual_ friend?

EXAMPLES.

---- friendships will admit of division, one may love the beauty of
this, the good humor of that person.

In all true family life there is a ---- dependence which binds
hearts together.

---- action is the rule in the human body, where every part is
alternately means and end, and every action both cause and effect.

* * * * *

NAME (page 247).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _name_ in the most general sense? 2. In the more limited sense, how does a _name_ differ from an _appellation_? a _title_? Give instances of the use of these three words. 3. From what language is _epithet_ derived? What is its primary meaning? 4. What does _epithet_ signify in literary use? 5. What part of speech is an _epithet_? Is it favorable or unfavorable in signification? 6. What is a _cognomen_? How does it differ from a _surname_? 7. What is _style_ considered as a synonym of _name_?

EXAMPLES.

Those he commands, move only in command
Nothing in love: now does he feel the ----
Hang loose about him, like a giant's robe
Upon a dwarfish thief.

O magnify the Lord with me, and let us exalt his ---- together.

* * * * *

NATIVE (page 248).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _native_ denote? _natal_? _natural_? 2. What examples are given in the text of the correct use of these words?

EXAMPLES.

I would advise no child's being taught music who has not a ----
aptitude for it.

It was the 4th of July, the ---- day of American freedom.

* * * * *

NAUTICAL (page 248).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what is _marine_ derived? _maritime_? What do these two words respectively signify? 2. From what is _naval_ derived? _nautical_? How do these words differ in meaning? 3. How does _ocean_, used adjectively, differ from _oceanic_?

EXAMPLES.

That sea-beast,
Leviathan, which God of all his works
Created hugest that swim the ---- stream.

* * * * *

NEAT (page 249).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _clean_ signify? 2. Does _orderly_ apply to persons or things, and in what sense? 3. What does _tidy_ denote? 4. What is the meaning of _neat_? 5. How does _nice_ compare with _neat_? 6. What is the significance of _spruce_? _trim_? _dapper_?

EXAMPLES.

If he (Jefferson) condescended to turn ---- sentences for delicate
ears--still, he was essentially an earnest man.

Still to be ----, still to be drest,
As you were going to a feast,
Still to be powder'd, still perfum'd.

* * * * *

NECESSARY (page 250).

QUESTIONS.

1. When is a thing properly said to be _necessary_? 2. What is the meaning of _essential_? How does it differ from _indispensable_? 3. With reference to what is a thing said to be _requisite_? How does _requisite_ compare with _essential_ and _indispensable_? 4. How do _inevitable_ and _unavoidable_ compare? To what kind of things are both these words applied? 5. How do _needed_ and _needful_ compare with _necessary_?

EXAMPLES.

As you grow ready for it, somewhere or other you will find what is
---- for you in a book.

The ideas of space and time are called in philosophy ---- ideas.

* * * * *

NECESSITY (page 250).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _necessity_? 2. What do _need_ and _want_ imply? How does _need_ compare with _want_? 3. How does _necessity_ compare with _need_? 4. What is an _essential_?

EXAMPLES.

Courage is, on all hands, considered as an ---- of high character.

No living man can send me to the shades
Before my time; no man of woman born,
Coward or brave, can shun his ----.

* * * * *

NEGLECT, _n._ (page 251).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _neglect_? _negligence_? How do the two words compare? 2. What senses has _negligence_ that _neglect_ has not? 3. Which of the two words may be used in a passive sense? 4. What is the legal phrase for a punishable _omission_ of duty?

EXAMPLES.

Ah, why
Should we, in the world's riper years, ----
God's ancient sanctuaries, and adore
Only among the crowd.

But, alas, to make
A fixed figure, for the hand of ----
To point his slow unmoving finger at.

* * * * *

NEW (page 252).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of _new_? of _modern_? of _recent_? 2. How does _recent_ compare with _new_? 3. What is the meaning of _novel_? of _fresh_? 4. To what do _young_ and _youthful_ distinctively apply?

* * * * *

NIMBLE (page 253).

QUESTIONS.

1. To what does _nimble_ properly refer? 2. To what does _swift_ apply? 3. How does _alert_ compare with _nimble_? For what is _alert_ more properly a synonym?

EXAMPLES.

Win her with gifts, if she respect not words;
Dumb jewels often, in their silent kind,
More ---- than words, do move a woman's mind.

Profound thinkers are often helpless in society, while shallow men
have ---- and ready minds.

* * * * *

NORMAL (page 253).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _natural_ signify? _normal_? Give instances of the distinctive use of the two words. 2. What does _typical_ signify? _regular_? _common_?

EXAMPLES.

He does it with a better grace, but I do it more ----.

The ---- round of work may grow monotonous, but it is evidently
necessary.

* * * * *

NOTWITHSTANDING (page 254).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the signification of _however_ as a conjunction? of _nevertheless_? 2. Which is the most emphatic word of the group and what does it signify? 3. How do _yet_ and _still_ compare with _notwithstanding_? with _but_? 4. What is the force of _tho_ and _altho_? 5. How does _notwithstanding_ as a preposition differ from _despite_ or _in spite of_?

EXAMPLES.

---- do thy worst, old Time; despite thy wrong,
My love shall in my verse ever live young.

---- till all graces be in one woman, one woman shall not come in my
grace.

There was an immense crowd ---- the inclement weather.

* * * * *

OATH (page 254).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is an _oath_? an _affidavit_? How does the _affidavit_ differ from the _oath_? 2. What is an _adjuration_? 3. What is a _vow_? How does it differ from an _oath_? 4. Of what words is _oath_ a popular synonym? 5. In what do _anathema_, _curse_, _execration_, and _imprecation_ agree? 6. What is an _anathema_? 7. Is a _curse_ just or unjust? 8. What does _execration_ express? _imprecation_?

EXAMPLES.

Better is it that thou shouldest not ----, than that thou shouldest
---- and not pay.

Then how can any man be said
To break an ---- he never made?

* * * * *

OBSCURE (page 255).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _obscure_? 2. How does _obscure_ compare with _complicated_? with _complex_? with _abstruse_? with _profound_?

* * * * *

OBSOLETE (page 256).

QUESTIONS.

1. When is a word _obsolete_? When is a word _archaic_? 2. Is an _old_ or _ancient_ word necessarily _obsolete_? 3. What is meant by saying that a word is _rare_? 4. Is a _rare_ word necessarily _obsolete_ or an _obsolete_ word necessarily _rare_?

EXAMPLES.

When the labors of modern philologists began, Sanscrit was the most
---- of all the Aryan languages known to them.

Atlas, we read in ---- song,
Was so exceeding tall and strong,
He bore the skies upon his back,
Just as the pedler does his pack.

It is wonderful that so few ---- words are found in Shakespeare
after the lapse of three centuries.

* * * * *

OBSTINATE (page 256).

QUESTIONS.

1. How does _headstrong_ differ from _obstinate_ and _stubborn_? 2. How do _obstinate_ and _stubborn_ differ from each other? Which is commonly applied to the inferior animals and to inanimate things? 3. What is the meaning of _refractory_? How does it differ from _stubborn_? Which word is applied to metals, and in what sense? 4. What is the meaning of _obdurate_? _contumacious_? _pertinacious_? 5. What words do we apply to the _unyielding_ character or conduct that we approve?

EXAMPLES.

Is it in heav'n a crime to love too well?
To bear too tender, or too ---- a heart,
To act a Lover's or a Roman's part?

"I shall talk of what I like," she said wilfully, clasping her hands
round her knees with the gesture of an ---- child.

* * * * *

OBSTRUCT (page 257).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the literal meaning of _obstruct_? How does it compare with _hinder_? 2. How does _obstruct_ compare with _impede_? 3. What does _arrest_ signify in the sense here considered?

EXAMPLES.

There is a certain wisdom of humanity which is common to the
greatest men with the lowest, and which our ordinary education often
labors to silence and ----.

No, no ----ing the vast wheel of time,
That round and round still turns with onward might.

* * * * *

OLD (page 257).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _old_ signify? 2. How do _old_ and _ancient_ compare? 3. What contrasted senses has _old_? 4. What is the special force of _olden_? 5. In what sense are _gray_, _hoary_, and _olden_ used of material objects? 6. To what is _aged_ chiefly applied? 7. To what do _decrepit_, _gray_, and _hoary_ apply, as said of human beings? 8. To what does _senile_ apply? 9. In what sense is _elderly_ used? 10. What are the primary and derived meanings of _remote_? 11. What does _venerable_ express?

EXAMPLES.

The hills,
Rock-ribbed and ---- as the sun,--the vales
Stretching in pensive quietness between;
The ---- woods, ...
... and, poured round all,
---- ocean's gray and melancholy waste,--
Are but the solemn decorations all
Of the great tomb of man.

Through the sequestered vale of rural life,
The ---- patriarch guileless held
The tenor of his way.

O good ---- head which all men knew!

Shall we, shall ---- men, like ---- trees,
Strike deeper their vile root, and closer cling,
Still more enamored of their wretched soil?

* * * * *

OPERATION (page 258).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _operation_ denote? and by what kind of agent is it effected? 2. What do _performance_ and _execution_ denote? and by what kind of agents are they effected? 3. How does _performance_ differ from _execution_?

EXAMPLES.

It requires a surgical ---- to get a joke well into a Scotch
understanding.

His promises were, as he then was, mighty;
But his ----, as he is now, nothing.

* * * * *

ORDER (page 258).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _instruction_ imply? _direction_? 2. How does _order_ compare with _direction_? 3. To what classes of persons are _orders_ especially given? How does an _order_ in the commercial sense become authoritative? 4. How does _command_ compare with _order_? 5. In what sense is _requirement_ used? By what authority is a _requirement_ made? 6. In what sense is _prohibition_ used? _injunction_?

EXAMPLES.

General Sherman writes in his Memoirs, "I have never in my life
questioned or disobeyed an ----."

"Ye shall become like God"--transcendent fate!
That God's ---- forgot, she plucked and ate.

* * * * *

OSTENTATION (page 259).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _ostentation_? How does it compare with _boasting_? _display_? _show_? 2. What is _pomp_? _pageant_ or _pageantry_? What do the two latter words suggest, and how do they compare with _pomp_? 3. From what is _parade_ derived? What is its primary meaning? With what implication is it always used in the metaphorical sense? How does _parade_ compare with _ostentation_?

EXAMPLES.

The boast of heraldry, the ---- of power,
And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave.
Await alike the inevitable hour;
The paths of glory lead but to the grave.

The President's salary does not permit ----, nor, indeed, is ----
expected of him.

With all his wealth, talent, and learning, he was singularly free
from ----.

* * * * *

OVERSIGHT (page 260).

QUESTIONS.

1. In what two contrasted senses is _oversight_ used? 2. How does _superintendence_ compare with _oversight_? 3. With what special reference is _control_ used? 4. What kind of a term is _surveillance_, and what does it imply?

EXAMPLES.

Those able to conduct great enterprises must be allowed wages of
----.

O Friendship, equal poised ----!

Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the ---- thereof
not by constraint, but willingly.

* * * * *

OUGHT (page 260).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _ought_ properly signify? 2. How does _ought_ compare with _should_? 3. In what secondary sense is _ought_ sometimes used?

EXAMPLES.

He has not a right to do what he likes, but only what he ---- with
his own, which after all is his own only in a qualified sense.

Age ---- have reverence, and ---- be worthy to have it.

* * * * *

PAIN (page 261).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _pain_? _suffering_? 2. How does _distress_ rank as compared with _pain_ and _suffering_? 3. What is an _ache_? a _throe_? a _paroxysm_? 4. What is _agony_? _anguish_?

EXAMPLES.

To each his ----s; all are men,
Condemned alike to groan;
The tender for another's ----,
The unfeeling for his own.

The weariest and most loathed worldly life
That age, ----, penury, and imprisonment
Can lay on nature.

* * * * *

PALLIATE (page 261).

QUESTIONS.

1. How do _cloak_ and _palliate_ agree in original meaning? How do they differ in the derived senses? 2. What is it to _extenuate_, and how does that word compare with _palliate_?

EXAMPLES.

Speak of me as I am; nothing ----
Nor aught set down in malice.

We would not dissemble nor ---- [our transgressions] before the face
of Almighty God, our heavenly Father.

I shall never attempt to ---- my own foibles by exposing the error
of another.

* * * * *

PARDON, _v._ (page 262).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is it to _pardon_? 2. To what does _forgive_ refer? 3. How do _pardon_ and _forgive_ differ in use in accordance with the difference in meaning? 4. What is it to _remit_? to _condone_? to _excuse_?

EXAMPLES.

How many will say ----,
And find a kind of license in the sound
To hate a little longer!

I ---- him, as heaven shall ---- me.

To err is human, to ----, divine.

* * * * *

PARDON, _n._ (page 262).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _acquittal_? How does it differ from _pardon_ as regards the person acquitted or pardoned? 2. Is an innocent person ever pardoned? 3. What is _oblivion_? _amnesty_? _absolution_?

EXAMPLES.

For 'tis sweet to stammer one letter
Of the Eternal's language;--on earth it is called ----.

----, not wrath, is God's best attribute.

---- to the injured does belong,
But they ne'er ---- who have done the wrong.

* * * * *

PART, _n._ (page 264).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _part_? 2. What is a _fragment_? a _piece_? 3. What do _division_ and _fraction_ signify? 4. What is a _portion_? 5. What is a _share_? an _instalment_? a _particle_? 6. What do _component_, _constituent_, _ingredient_, and _element_ signify? How do they differ from one another? 7. What is a _subdivision_?

EXAMPLES.

The best ---- of a good man's life,
His little, nameless, unremembered acts
Of kindness and of love.

Spirits that live throughout,
Vital in every ---- ...
Can not but by annihilating die.

Many cheap houses were built to be sold by ----s.

* * * * *

PARTICLE (page 264).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _particle_? 2. What does _atom_ etymologically signify? What is its meaning in present scientific use? 3. What is a _molecule_, and of what is it regarded as composed? 4. What is an _element_ in chemistry?

EXAMPLES.

Lucretius held that the universe originated from a fortuitous
concourse of ----s.

But thou shalt flourish in immortal youth,
Unhurt amidst the war of ----s,
The wreck of matter and the crush of worlds.

Many aquatic animals, whose food consists of small ---- diffused
through the water, have an apparatus for creating currents so as to
bring such ---- within their reach.

* * * * *

PATIENCE (page 265).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _patience_? 2. What is _endurance_? 3. How does _patience_ compare with _submission_ and _endurance_? 4. To what are _submission_ and _resignation_ ordinarily applied? 5. What is _forbearance_? How does it compare with _patience_?

EXAMPLES.

With ---- bear the lot to thee assigned,
Nor think it chance, nor murmur at the load,
For know what man calls Fortune is from God.

There is, however, a limit at which ---- ceases to be a virtue.

* * * * *

PAY (page 266).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _pay_? _compensation_? _remuneration_? _recompense_? 2. What is an _allowance_? 3. What are _wages_? _earnings_? 4. What is _hire_? what does it imply? 5. For what is _salary_ paid? How does it differ from _wages_? 6. What is a _fee_, and for what given?

EXAMPLES.

I am not aware that ----, or even favors, however gracious, bind any
man's soul.

Our praises are our ----.

Carey, in early life, was a country minister with a small ----.

Laborers are remunerated by ----, and officials by ----.

* * * * *

PEOPLE (page 266).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is a _community_? a _commonwealth_? 2. What is a _people_? a _race_? 3. What is a _state_? a _nation_? 4. What does _population_ signify? _tribe_?

EXAMPLES.

A ---- may let a king fall, and still remain a ----, but if a king
let his ---- slip from him, he is no longer a king.

Questions of ---- have played a great part in the politics and wars
of the latter half of the nineteenth century, the Germanic ----, the
Slavonic ----, the Italian, and the Greek ----s struggling to assert
their unity.

* * * * *

PERCEIVE (page 267).

QUESTIONS.

1. What class of things do we _perceive_? 2. How does _apprehend_ differ in scope from _perceive_? 3. What does _conceive_ signify? 4. How does _comprehend_ compare with _apprehend_? with _conceive_?

EXAMPLES.

We may ---- the tokens of the divine agency without being able to
---- or ---- the divine Being.

... Admitted once to his embrace,
Thou shalt ---- that thou wast blind before.

O horror! horror! horror! Tongue nor heart
Can not ---- nor name thee!

* * * * *

PERFECT (page 268).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _perfect_ in the fullest and highest sense? 2. What is _absolute_ in the fullest sense? 3. What is _perfect_ in the limited sense, and in popular language?

EXAMPLES.

We have the idea of a Being infinitely ----, and from this Descartes
reasoned that such a being really exists.

'Shall remain'!
Hear you this Triton of the minnows? mark you
His ---- 'shall'?

* * * * *

PERMANENT (page 269).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what is _durable_ derived? to what class of substances is it applied? 2. What is _permanent_, and in what connections used? 3. How does _enduring_ compare with _durable_? with _permanent_?

EXAMPLES.

My heart is wax, molded as she pleases, but ---- as marble to
retain.

A violet in the youth of primy nature,
Forward, not ----, sweet, not ----,
The perfume and suppliance of a minute.

For her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the Lord, to
eat sufficiently, and for ---- clothing.

* * * * *

PERMISSION (page 269).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _authority_? 2. What is _permission_? 3. How does _permission_ compare with _allowance_? 4. What is a _permit_? 5. What is _license_? How does it compare with _authority_? with _permission_? 6. What does _consent_ involve?

EXAMPLES.

God is more there than thou; for thou art there
Only by his ----.

Thieves for their robbery have ----,
When judges steal themselves.

Very few of the Egyptians avail themselves of the ---- which their
religion allows them, of having four wives.

* * * * *

PERNICIOUS (page 270).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what is _pernicious_ derived, and what does it signify? 2. How does _pernicious_ compare with _injurious_? 3. What does _noisome_ denote? 4. What is the distinctive sense of _noxious_? 5. How does _noxious_ compare with _noisome_?

EXAMPLES.

Inflaming wine, ---- to mankind.

So bees with smoke, and doves with ---- stench,
Are from their hives, and houses, driven away.

The strong smell of sulfur, and a choking sensation of the lungs
indicated the presence of ---- gases.

* * * * *

PERPLEXITY (page 270).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _perplexity_? _confusion_? How do the two words compare? 2. How do _bewilderment_ and _confusion_ compare? 3. From what does _amazement_ result?

EXAMPLES.

CAIUS.--Vere is mine host _de Jarterre_?
HOST.--Here, master doctor, in ---- and doubtful dilemma.

There is such ---- in my powers
As, after some oration fairly spoke
By a beloved prince, there doth appear
Among the buzzing, pleased multitude.

* * * * *

PERSUADE (page 271).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _convince_ denote? How does it differ from the other words of the group? 2. What is it to _persuade_? 3. How is _convincing_ related to _persuasion_? 4. How does _coax_ compare with _persuade_?

EXAMPLES.

A long train of these practises has at length unwillingly ---- me
that there is something hid behind the throne greater than the king
himself.

He had a head to contrive, a tongue to ----, and a hand to execute
any mischief.

* * * * *

PERVERSE (page 272).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the etymological meaning of _perverse_? What does it signify in common use? 2. What does _petulant_ signify? _wayward_?

EXAMPLES.

And you, my lords--methinks you do not well,
To bear with their ---- objections.

Whining, purblind, ---- boy!

Good Lord! what madness rules in brainsick men
When, for so slight and frivolous a cause,
Such ---- emulations shall arise.

* * * * *

PHYSICAL (page 272).

QUESTIONS.

1. What does _material_ signify? 2. What idea does _physical_ add to that contained in _material_? 3. To what do _bodily_, _corporal_, and _corporeal_ apply? 4. How do _bodily_ and _corporal_ differ from _corporeal_? 5. To what is _corporal_ now for the most part limited?

EXAMPLES.

---- punishment is practically abandoned in the greater number of
American schools.

Man has two parts, the one ---- and earthly, the other immaterial
and spiritual.

These races are all clearly differentiated by other ---- traits than
the color of the skin.

We can not think of substance save in terms that imply ----
properties.

* * * * *

PITIFUL (page 273).

QUESTIONS.

1. What was the original meaning of _pitiful_? What does it now signify? 2. How does _pitiful_ differ in use from _pitiable_? 3. What was the early and what is the present sense of _piteous_?

EXAMPLES.

There is something pleading and ---- in the simplicity of perfect
ignorance.

The most ---- sight one ever sees is a young man doing nothing; the
Furies early drag him to his doom.

O, the most ---- cry of the poor souls!

* * * * *

PITY (page 273).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is _pity_? _sympathy_? 2. How does _sympathy_ in its exercise differ from _pity_? 3. How does _pity_ differ from _mercy_? 4. How does _compassion_ compare with _mercy_ and _pity_? 5. How does _commiseration_ differ from _compassion_?

EXAMPLES.