Chapter III: Part 3

I am sure, if we were lords, you could not entertain us better.
éssere sicúro gran signóre trattáre méglio.

_Dipénde da voi, signifies in English, it lies in your power, it has all its tenses; and is Impersonal._

It lies in your power to be a good scholar, for you have as much wit
depéndere éssere sapiénte perchè avére tanto spírito
as any of your school-fellows.
che qualúnque condiscépolo.

It is in our power to be for ever happy.
dipéndere éssere sempre félice.

It is in his power to do me that service.
dipéndere réndere servízio.

It is in your power to go abroad; for your father told me several times
dipéndere andár a viaggiáre padre dire molte volte
he would be very glad to see you go on your travels.
avére caro andáre a viaggiáre.

It lies in their power to recommend me to their friends.
dipéndere da raccomandáre amíco.

_Andáre ad incóntrar uno, signifies to go and meet somebody._

Sir, I come to beg a favour of you, which I hope you will not refuse
Signóre veníre domandáre favóre speráre ricusáre
me. I heard your uncle will come to-morrow to town; you will oblige me
intendere zio veníre dománi città obbligáre
infinitely, if you will lend me your horse to go and meet him, and I
moltíssimo prestáre cavállo andáre ad incóntrar
assure you that I will take great care of it.
assicuráre avére grande cura

Sir, I am very sorry I cannot oblige you, for I must go myself
rincrescere non potere servire perchè bisógna andáre
to meet my wife, who is coming from the country; but any other time
ad incóntrar moglie veníre campágna ma altro volta
it will be at your service.
éssere servízio.

_We often make use of the Impersonal Verb rincréscere, when we speak of the misfortunes of others, which signifies in English, to be sorry, to be concerned; and then the following word must be in the Genitive Case._

I am sorry for the misfortune that has befallen you.
rincréscere disgrázia accadére

We ought to be concerned at our friend’s misfortunes.
dovére rincréscere amíco sciagúre.

I was very much concerned at your loss.
moltíssimo rincréscere pérdita.

_Mi pare mill’ anni is an Italian expression which signifies to long; we make use of it only in the present of the Indicative, and the following verb must be in the Infinitive with the Preposition di._

I long to see your father to tell him how much you deserve to be
vedére padre dire quanto meritáre éssere
praised for your diligence.
lodáto diligenza.

I long to go into the country, to settle a dispute that arose amongst my
andáre campagna aggiustáre dispúta náscere fra
farmers.
fattóre.

I long to pay what I owe you, for I do not love
pagáre dovére perchè amáre
to be in any body’s debt.
dovére a nessúno.

I long to know the Italian language perfectly well.
sapére Italiáno lingua perfettaménte bene.

_We often make use of avér gran voglia, for to long, and it requires the following Verb to be in the Infinitive mood._

I long to go and see Mr. George, to ask him for the money he owes me,
andáre vedére Giórgio domandáre danáro dovére
but I will put it off till next week, that you may go with me.
ma differíre fíno próssimo settimána potére venire.

I long to go to Italy, for I do not love to live in England.
andáre Italia piacére vívere Inghiltérra.

I long to tell you something, though I do not know how to tell it you,
dire qualche cosa benchè sapére dire
for fear of disobliging you.
per paúra dispiacere.

I long to learn Italian, and for all that I do not know what hinders me
imparáre Italiáno con tutto ciò sapére impedíre
from beginning.
principiáre.

_Degnársi is often used for to be so kind as, and requires the following verb in the Infinitive Mood._

Be so kind as to hear me a moment, and you will see that what they told
degnáre sentíre moménto vedére dire
you of me is a false report.
éssere falso rappórto.

Be so kind as to grant me that favour, and I will not
degnáre accordáre favóre
trouble you any more.
incomodáre

_Posso appéna, I can hardly, requires the following verb to be in the Infinitive Mood._

I can hardly believe what you tell me of Mr. Gregory, for I always
posso appéna crédere dire signóre Gregório perchè sempre
took him for a very sober honest man.
crédere sobrio onésto uómo.

I could hardly believe my eyes when I saw you, for I thought you
potere appéna crédere ócchio quando vedére perchè pensáre
were in America.
éssere América.

I have got such a cold, and my head is so heavy, that I can hardly
éssere talmente infreddáto testa pesánte potere appéna
read a word.
leggere paróla.

_Scarce, or hardly must likewise be expressed by appéna._

Scarce were you gone out last night, when your friend, sir William
appéna éssere uscíto jéri sera che amíco cavaliére Guglielmo
Henry, came to see me, and was very sorry you did not stay
Enrico veníre vedere dispiacere restáre
a little longer.
poco più.

There are men in the world who are so much used to do mischief, that they
éssere uómo mondo éssere tanto avvézzo fare male
are hardly out of one trouble, but they immediately fall into another.
éssere appéna uscíto impáccio che súbito cadére altro.

Scarce have you done a good action, but you seem to repent it; for
appéna avére fatto buóno azióne parére pentírsi perchè
were it not so, you would not so soon again fall into your former
éssere così così presto ricadére primiéra
ill courses.
cattiva vita.

_To have much ado, must be rendered in Italian by stentáre, and requires the following verb in the Infinitive with the Preposition a._

I had much ado yesterday to persuade your brother to stay with me; he
stentáre jéri persuadére fratéllo restáre
would go and sup with Mr. Horace, who came to town last night.
andáre cenáre Signór Orázio veníre città jeri sera.

I had much ado to make peace with your mother, she was fully
stentáre fare pace madre éssere affátto
resolved not to forgive you, therefore take care for the future not to
risolúto perdonáre perciò badáre all’avveníre
offend her any more.
offéndere

I had much ado to engage your uncle to pass his word for a hundred
stentáre impegnáre zio passáre paróla cento
pounds I owe Mr. Clement.
lira dovére Cleménte.

_To be quiet must be rendered in Italian by, star fermo, saldo, or chetársi._

You will not be quiet till you have done some mischief.
stare fermo finchè avér fatto male.

Be quiet, or else I will make you repent it.
chetársi altriménte fare pentíre.

You would not be quiet when I bid you, you see now
stare saldo quando ordinare vedere adésso
what you suffer for it.
soffríre

_Abbassár gli occhj, signifies to look down._

When you speak to a person of great quality, you ought not to stare
quando parláre persóna alto qualità dovere fissáre
at him, but you ought sometimes to look down
ma dovére qualche volta abbassare gli occhj
to show him the respect you have for him.
mostráre rispétto avére

Upon INTERROGATIONS. [See GRAM. p. 70.]

From whence had America its name? From Amerigo Vesputio, a Florentine,
avére América nome Amerigo Vespúzio Fiorentíno
in 1497; though Columbus was the first discoverer of it in 1492
[1]benchè Colómbo éssere primo scopritóre

How large is that country? How is that empire divided? What are the
grande paése impéro divíso
productions of it? What is there worthy of notice in that country? Are
prodótto degno notízia paése
there any European colonies in that part of the world?
Européa colónia parte mondo?

Who subdued the greatest part of the world in twelve years time?
soggiogáre grande parte mondo dódici anno
Alexander, king of Macedonia.
Alessándro Re Macedónia.

To whom do the Canary Islands belong, how many are there of them, and
Canárie Ísola appartenére quante [2]éssere
how do they lie?
éssere situáto?

[1] See _Gram._ p. 205, upon the conjunction _though_.

[2] See _Gram._ p. 147, upon the conjugation of the verb impersonal _there is_.

Upon the Irregular Construction of Personal and Possessive PRONOUNS. [See GRAM. p. 61, and 66.]

Most men worship love, to it they sacrifice their finest
la maggior parte uómo adoráre amóre sagrificáre bello
days, and from it they expect their greatest happiness.
giórno aspettáre grande felicità.

Glory makes the whole ambition of heroes; they thirst after nothing,
glória fare tutto ambizióne eróe respirare altro
they seek nothing else; they apply to it alone, it is to it alone they
cercáre altro indirizzársi solo solo
make vows.
fare voto.

Self-love is our primum mobile; it is that which rules our passions, and
amáre próprio primo móbile regoláre passióne
to it are men indebted for most of the services which they
éssere uómo debitóre maggior parte servízio
reciprocally render one another.
reciprocaménte réndere

Is that the tree you were speaking of? Yes, that is it.
éssere albéro parláre

It looks very fine, but its fruit is good for nothing.
parére bello ma frutto non vale níente.

This, on the contrary, has no appearance; it is a peach-tree, and the
contrário avére apparénza pérsico
peaches are delicious.
pésca éssere delizióso.

When general G. saw himself pursued so close, he, reaching the river,
quando generále G. vedére seguitáto così da vicíno arriváre fiúme
threw himself in it (on horseback), with a design to cross it over,
gettársi a cavállo intenzióne tráversáre
rapid as it was; when he came to the stream, for all he did to resist
[1] rápido éssere quando veníre corrénte tutto fare resístere
it, he could not get the better of it; he then resolved to go down with
potére superare allóra risólvere seguíre
it, and let himself be carried away; but his horse was too
lasciarsi portáre via ma cavállo éssere troppo
tired to be able to swim long; and as he endeavoured to quit the
stanco potére nuotáre molto come sforzársi lasciáre
stream, the animal, which had now lost all his strength, sunk under him;
corrénte bestia avére pérdere tutto forza sommergérsi
he expected it, therefore resigned himself to his fate; he still
aspettársi perciò rassegnársi destíno ancóra
swam (for a while) with the stream, but not being able to get out of it,
nuotáre (per un pezzo) corrénte ma potére sortire
he was drowned.
éssere annegato.

The water which you have recommended him to drink is not fit for him; I
acqua avére raccomandáto bere essere próprio
know all its qualities, and will never recommend it in such a case. Of
conóscere tutto qualità mai raccomandáre tale caso
these two rivers, one has its spring in the Alps, and the other in the
questo due fiúme avére sorgénte Alpi altro
Pyrenees.
Pirenéi.

I have bought a new sword, the hilt of it is silver, but I do not
avére compráre nuóvo spada guárdia éssere d’argénto ma
like its shell; I will not part with the old one; it has done me much
amáre cóccia disfársi della vécchio avére reso molto
service; I have twice owed my life to it; only I will get it cleaned,
servízio avére due volta dovuto vita solo fare ripulire
and get a new hilt to it, and it will still be of service to me
méttere nuóvo guárdia ancóra servíre
by night.
nottetempo.

Keep from the wall, do not lean upon it.
allontanársi muro appogiársi

If you sit in that arm-chair take care you do not hurt yourself,
sedére sédia d’appoggio badáre farsi male
for the back and elbows are broken.
perchè spalliera bracciuólo éssere rotto.

His house is fine, I like its situation, but the rooms are not
casa bello amáre situazióne ma stánza éssere
well contrived: he has spent a great deal of money upon it; he
bene regoláto avére fátto gran spesa
has altered the roof, and made a stately stair-case; it costs him much,
avére fatto cambiar tetto fatto supérbo scala costáre molto
but (upon the whole) he owes his health to it; he lives there the whole
ma per altro dovere salúte vívere tutto
year. The gardens are very fine; he has added groves and water spouts
anno giardíno éssere bello aver aggiúnto boschétto getto d’acqua
to them; there are fine meadows all around: he designs to make still
éssere bello prato all’intorno contáre fare
greater alterations.
maggióre cambiaménto.

[1] See _Gram._ p. 205, upon the conjunction _though_.

_On the verb to play, with the Particles at, and on._

Do you never play at cards? I play sometimes at piquet, and at
mai giuocáre carta qualche volta picchetto
quadrille, to oblige the company.
quartíglio obbligáre compagnía.

Let us play for a crown. I never play so high; I do not like to play for
giuocáre scudo fare mai grosso giuóco non piacére
so much money: I do not love to play at games of chance, as at dice, or
tanto danáro amáre giuóco di sorte come dado
even at cards; but I like to play sometimes at bowls, at billiards,
anche carta piacére qualche volta bocce bigliárdo
at tennis, or nine pins. We play at chess every night, my cousin and I.
pallacórda birillo scácchi ogni sera cugíno
Can you play on any instrument?
sapére suonáre qualche struménto?

I can play a little on the flute. I thought you could also play on the
potére suonáre poco flauto crédere anche suonáre
fiddle. No: but I know that you play very well on the bass-viol: if you
violíno ma sapere suonáre viola d’amore
please to come to our house, we will make a little concert: my sister
piacére veníre da noi fare píccolo concerto sorélla
will play on the piano-forte, you on your bass, and I will sing.
suonáre piano-forte basso cantare.

_We use the Verb avére, instead of éssere, in speaking of being hungry, dry, cold, hot, or old._

You eat as if you were not hungry. Excuse me, I eat well enough, but
mangiáre avére fame scusáre assai bene
I am not very hungry; I am more dry than hungry. I have been thirsty
avére grande fame avére sete fame avere avúto sete
the whole day.
tutto giórno.

I am very cold, and very hungry. Are you cold? On the contrary
avére freddo fame avére freddo al contrário
I am very warm, but I am tired.
avére gran caldo ma stanco.

My hands are so cold that I cannot write.
mano avére freddo potére scrivére.

[1]I believe your head is always cold, for you seldom pull off your
crédere testa sempre freddo perchè raraménte leváre
hat.
cappéllo.

How old is your sister? She is not fifteen yet. I thought she
quanto anno avere sorélla avére quíndici anno crédere
was twenty; and you, sir, how old are you?
avére venti anno ed ella avére?

I was very cold this morning when I came: but I am very warm now.
avére freddo mattína quando veníre ma caldo adésso
You do not look so. You eat as if you were not hungry. I am more cold
parére mangiáre avére fame freddo
than hungry. I have been thirsty all the day.
fame ho avuto sete giórno.

[1] I believe, &c. _Credo che voi abbiate sempre freddo alla testa_.

_The Impersonal Verb must, is sometimes rendered by dovere, and sometimes by bisognáre._

To make war plenty of money must be had.
fare guerra molto danáro bisógna avére.

Men must love virtue to be happy. One must be mad to think that men
si dovére amáre virtù felíce bisognáre pazzo crédere uómo
can be happy without loving virtue.
potére senza[1] amáre virtù.

Men should learn first the duties belonging to human nature.
dovére imparáre prima dovére appartenénte umáno natúra.

A woman must have a good deal of circumspection not to speak of herself.
donna bisógna avére circospezióne parláre
One must not hope to see men cured of the ill-habit they have of
bisognáre speráre uómo guarírsi cattivo abitúdine avére
speaking always of themselves, their adventures, and wealth; for
parláre sempre avventúra opulénza
nothing is more tiresome. One should impose upon one’s-self a law
niénte nojoso dovére farsi legge
never to speak of one’s-self, neither one way, nor another.
mái parláre [2]

We must not easily believe those who flatter us: neither must we
dovére facilménte crédere adulare
reject entirely the compliments that are paid to us, when
rigettáre compliménto fare quando
we think we deserve them; that mistaken modesty is hardly less
crédere meritáre malintesa modéstia poco meno
displeasing, than a foolish vanity. Much art and nicety are requisite
spiacévole sciócco vanità arte delicatézza necessário
to season praises well: but there is also a way of receiving them,
condire lode ma anche modo ricévere
when they are merited, that does not displease modesty. Praises are like
quando meritare offendere modéstia lode come
a sort of tribute paid to true merit: we must neither reject them
spécie tribúto réndere vero mérito dovére nè rigettáre
through affectation, nor hanker after them too eagerly.
per affettazióne nè ambíre con troppa premúra.

[1] _Senza_ governs the infinitive mood.

[2] _Neither one way, nor another_, i. e. _nè in bene, nè in male_.

_On the negative Particles and Adverbs._

No one knows the sufferings of lovers, unless he himself has loved.
nissúno sapére sofferénza amánte se non

I have always loved her very much.
sempre amáto molto.

To court with respect and attention, is the best means of being
far la corte rispétto attenzióne mezzo
loved again. I have found nobody of your opinion.
riamáto avére trovare nessúno opinione.

I by no means believe what he says; nor I neither.
in nessún modo credere dire nemméno io.

She always comes unseasonably, as well as her sister.
sempre veníre fuór di tempo come anche sorélla.

He has not yet received an answer.
avére ancóra ricevúto rispósta.

Is there any thing more wonderful, than the virtue of the loadstone?
niente ammirábile virtù calamíta?

Did he ever mention it?
mai mentováre?

We have done nothing that ought to make you angry.
avére fatto niénte dovére andar in colera.

I am going there, lest he should come.
andáre per timor veníre.

I tell you, that, if henceforth I perceive that you attempt to play
dire se da quì innánzi accorgérsi tentáre fare
any trick to hinder me from marrying my son, I will complain to the
tiro a impedíre maritáre figlio lagnarsi
magistrate, and get you punished severely.--I promise you I will
magistrato fare punire severamente prométtere
never do it.
mai fare.

She is indifferent to me; and I neither love, nor hate her.
indifferénte amáre odiáre.

Now that they are under my care, they behave very prudently.
ora éssere sotto cura comportársi prudentémente.

She has neither relations, nor friends.
avére nè parénte nè amíco.

I will never forgive you, unless you promise to see her: she is so ill
mai perdonáre se non prométtere vedere stare male
that she can take nothing, neither can she have any rest.
potére pigliáre nè potére avére ripóso.

I will not take any physic before the winter is quite out.
pigliáre medicína prima invérno affátto passáto.

Why does not he boldly tell her his reasons?
perchè liberaménte dire ragióne?

He knows not where to meet her now.
sapére dove incontráre adésso.

I ask nothing but what is just; I cannot pay others, if I am not paid
domandáre che giústo non potére pagáre altro pagáre
what is due to me.
éssere dovúto.

On the CONJUNCTIONS.

Although I have no money, I cannot resolve to borrow any
benchè avére danáro non potére risólvere prenderne ad imprestito
of my friends. Obey, or else you shall be whipped.
da amico obbedíre altrimente [1]staffiláte.

When I punish you for your faults, you think I hate you; whereas
quando puníre fallo crédere odiáre in vece
it is only because I love you, I take that trouble.
che perchè amáre préndere incómodo.

Your brother came to see me yesterday as soon as you were gone. If he
fratello veníre vedére jéri súbito che partíre
come again, be so good as to tell him that I have waited for him
ritornáre avére bontà dire avére aspettáto
till now.
fin’ora.

Though I used my utmost endeavours, and neglected nothing to please him,
benchè fare tutto i miei sforzi trascuráre niénte piacere
yet he was constantly scolding me.
nientediméno continuaménte sgridáre.

That Adriana, whether she is Pamphilus’s wife, or whether she is but his
Adriána che Pamfílo moglie o che
mistress, she is always with him.
amorósa sempre con lui.

Either through reason, or caprice, she has married him.
sia per ragióne capríccio sposáre.

Wars are not so bloody since the invention of gunpowder.
guerra sanguinóso dopo invenzióne pólvere da schioppo.

Unless a book be instructive or entertaining, I do not wish to read it.
a meno che libro istruttívo piacévole

Whether she is writing, or reading, she will have her parrot with her.
che scrívere léggere volére avére pappágallo

Since you have forbidden him, he does it no more.
dacchè avére proibíto

If he should call at my house, while I am out, my
passáre da me mentre éssere fuóri
people would tell him where I am.
gente dire dove

Whether he wins, or loses, he is always the same.
sia guadagnáre pérdere sempre l’istesso.

I will not go there, unless you go along with me.
andáre a meno meco.

You must not play before you can say your lesson.
dovére giuocáre prima sapére lezióne.

Why do you not learn it then, instead of losing your time? He is
perchè imparáre dunque in vece pérdere tempo
so far from being forward, that he knows nothing at all. Far from
in vece éssere avanzáto sapére niénte affátto lungi
following my advice, he does not mind what I say to him.
seguíre consíglio badáre dire

I will rather consent to lose all, than give up my right.
piuttósto consentíre pérdere rinunziáre.

Though you were a king, I would not marry you.
se éssere Re sposáre.

Would to God I still were under his tuition, and my father had never
volére éssere sotto condótta padre avére mai
removed me from his school.
ritiráto scuóla.

It avails nothing to a girl to be young, without being handsome, nor
servíre niénte ragázza gióvine senza bello nè
to be handsome without being wise.
éssere senza saggio.

After you have done your exercise, you must read it over two or three
dopo fare tema dovére ripassare due tre
times, to correct the faults you may have made in it.
volta corréggere erróre potére fare.

Remember what I told you several times, that you will never be able
ricordársi dire parrécchie volte mai potére
to speak, or write Italian, unless you are master of the rules.
parláre scrívere Italiáno a meno possédere régola.

I will take so much pains that I hope I shall speak it
darsi tanto pena speráre
before it is long; though I am convinced it is very difficult
fra poco benchè convínto diffícile
to learn the Italian tongue perfectly well.
imparáre Italiáno lingua perfettaménte.

You will not find it so hard, if you learn the rules well.
trováre diffícile régola bene.

The narrowness of the mind, ignorance and presumption produce
picolezza ánimo ignoránza presunzióne
stubbornness; because obstinate people will believe nothing but what
ostinazióne perchè ostináto crédere che quel
they understand, and they understand but very few things.
compréndere ben poco cosa.

[1] Render, _avréte le staffiláte_.

On most PREPOSITIONS.

I rather choose to live in the country than in town, especially
amáre meglio vívere campágna città sopra tutto
at Florence: therefore I intend to set out to-morrow for my
Firénze perciò fare conto partire dománi
country-house, and then I will send my eldest son to Sicily for
casa di campagna e poi mandáre maggiore figlio Sicília
the summer.
state.

Where will you go to-night? To the play.
dove andáre staséra commédia.

When shall I dance, sir? You shall dance in your turn, and not before.
quando balláre quando vi toccáre prima.

Where do you live, sir? I live in St. James’s street, near
star di casa San Giácomo strada vicíno
a fruiterer’s, opposite a taylor’s. The best way to go to my house, is
fruttajuólo dirimpétto sartóre via venir da me
to pass through the Park, since you live in Westminster.
passáre attravérso Parco giacchè stare in Westminster
I intend to travel first all over England, and France, and then to
far conto viaggiáre tutto Inghilterra Fráncia poi
Germany, and Italy; from Italy to Spain, where I shall embark
Germánia Itália Spagna dove imbarcársi
to return to England.
ritornáre Inghilterra.

I shall go to Scotland in six months, or thereabouts.
andáre Scózia fra sei mesi incírca.

I will call upon your partners within twelve days; and I will
passáre socio fra dódici giórno
wait upon them as far as their seat, which is magnificent; were you ever
accompagnáre infíno villa manífico éssere mai
there? Yes. The walls are inlaid with marble; the stair-case is painted
si paréte lamináre marmo scala dipínto
in oil; all the furniture is worked with the needle; in short, nothing
a ólio tutto tapezzeria fatto ad ago in somma
richer can be seen.
ricco potére vedére.

I should be very glad to spend a few days at that wonderful seat.
avére ben caro passáre alcuno giórno maraviglióso villa
How far is it?
lontáno?

It is a great way: it is about a hundred and twenty miles off.
molto lontáno di qui incírca miglio.

The most uneasy situation is to be between fear and hope.
spiacevole situazióne lo stare fra timóre speránza
Heroes formerly sacrificed themselves for their country and their
eróe anticaménte sacrificársi patria
mistress; now-a-days nothing is done but for fortune and pleasure.
bella oggidì niénte farsi fortúna piacére.

A woman can please without beauty, but she can hardly do it without
donna potére piacére senza bellezza difficilmente
sense and amiability.
sénso amabilità.

There is no less eloquence in the tone of the voice, the eyes, and
meno eloquenza tuóno voce ócchio
the countenance, than in the choice of words.
aspétto scelta paróla.

Europe, in relation to the other parts of the world, lies
Európa rispetto altro parte mondo éssere situáto
northward; it is bounded on the east by Asia, and the Black Sea, which
settentrióne confináto oriente Ásia Nero Mare
communicates with the Mediterranean by the Straits of Constantinople;
comunicáre Mediterranéo Stretto Costantinópoli
on the south by Africa, from which it is separated by the Mediterranean
mezzogiórno Áffrica quale separáre
Sea; on the west by the Atlantic ocean; and on the north by the
mare occidénte Atlantíco oceáno settentrióne
Frozen Sea: its extent taken from Cape St. Vincent to the frontiers of
Mar Glaciále estensione prendere Capo San Vincénzio frontiera
Asia, is about 3,600 English miles: and from Cape North to Greece
Ásia incírca Inglése miglio Capo Norte Grécia
is about 2,200 miles.

France has Spain towards the south, from which it is divided by the
Fráncia Spagna verso mezzogiórno divíso
Pyrenean mountains, which are of a surprising height, and extend from
Pirenéo stupéndo altézza stendérsi
the ocean to the Mediterranean; a tract of about 220 miles.
oceano Mediterraneo tratto incirca miglia.

_Lately Published_,

A KEY TO BOTTARELLI’S EXERCISES, with a few Extracts in Prose and Verse, with English Translations, for the use of Beginners, by P. R. ROTA; a new edition, revised and corrected. 12mo. 2_s._ 6_d._ bound.

THE COMPLETE ITALIAN MASTER; containing the best and easiest Rules for attaining that Language, by SIGNOR VENERONI; with a short Introduction to Italian Versification--Extracts from the Italian Poets; and the Italian words properly accented to facilitate the Pronunciation to Learners. A new edition, carefully corrected, and very considerably improved, 12mo. 6_s._ bound.

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AN ABRIDGEMENT OF THE ROMAN HISTORY.

CHAP. I.

Of the ORIGIN of the ROMANS.

_(Year of the World, 2800--Before Christ, 1184.)_

All [1]nations [2]seem [3]willing to [4]derive [5]merit from the [6]splendor of their [7]origin, and [8]where [9]history [10]is silent, they [11]generally [12]supply the [13]defect with [14]fable. The [15]Romans were [16]particularly [17]desirous of being [18]thought [19]descended from the [20]Gods, [21]as if they would [22]hide the [23]meanness of their [24]real [25]ancestry. [26]Æneas, the [27]son of [28]Venus and [29]Anchises, having [30]escaped from the [31]destruction of [32]Troy, [33]after [34]many [35]adventures and [36]dangers [37]arrived in [38]Italy, [39]where he was [40]kindly [41]received by [42]Latinus, [43]king of the [44]Latins, who [45]gave him his [46]daughter [47]Lavinia in [48]marriage. Italy was [49]then [50]as it is [51]now, [52]divided into a [53]number of [54]small [55]states, [56]independent of [57]each other, and, [58]consequently, [59]subject to [60]frequent [61]contentions [62]among themselves. [63]Turnus, [64]king of the [65]Rutuli, was the [66]first who [67]opposed Æneas, he having [68]long [69]made pretensions to Lavinia himself. A [70]war [71]ensued, in which the [72]Trojan [73]hero was [74]victorious, and [75]Turnus [76]slain. In [77]consequence of this, Æneas [78]built a [79]city, which was [80]called [81]Lavinium, in [82]honour of his [83]wife; and [84]some time after [85]engaging in another [86]war [87]against [88]Mezentius, one of the [89]petty kings of the [90]country, he was [91]conquered in his [92]turn, and [93]died in [94]battle, after a [95]reign of four [96]years.

[97]Ascanius, his [98]son, [99]succeeded to the [100]kingdom, and to him, Silvius, a [101]second son, [102]whom he had by Lavinia. It would be [103]tedious to [104]recite a [105]dry [106]catalogue of the kings that [107]followed, and of whom we [108]know [109]little more than their [110]names; it will be [111]sufficient to [112]say, that the [113]succession [114]continued for [115]near [116]four [117]hundred [118]years in the [119]family, and that [120]Numitor was the [121]last king of Alba.

FOOTNOTES

[1] _nazióne_

[2] _parére_

[3] _desideróso_

[4] _trarre_

[5] _mérito_

[6] _splendóre_

[7] _origine_

[8] _dove_

[9] _istória_

[10] _tacére_

[11] _generalménte_

[12] _sovveníre al_

[13] _difétto_

[14] _favóla_

[15] _Románo_

[16] _particolarménte_

[17] _ambíre_

[18] _credúto_

[19] _discéso_

[20] _dio_ pl. _dei_

[21] _come se_

[22] _nascóndere_

[23] _bassézza_

[24] _vero_

[25] _antenáti_

[26] _Enéa_

[27] _figlio_

[28] _Vénere_

[29] _Anchíse_

[30] _scampáre_

[31] _distruzióne_

[32] _Troja_

[33] _dopo_

[34] _molto_

[35] _avventúra_

[36] _perícolo_

[37] _arriváre_

[38] _Itália_

[39] _dove_

[40] _corteseménte_

[41] _ricevúto_

[42] _Latíno_

[43] _re_

[44] _Latíno_

[45] _dare_

[46] _figliuóla_

[47] _Lavínia_

[48] _matrimónio_

[49] _allóra_

[50] _come_

[51] _ora_

[52] _diviso_

[53] _número_

[54] _píccolo_

[55] _stato_

[56] _independénte_

[57] _l’uno dall’altro_

[58] _conseguentemente_

[59] _soggétto_

[60] _frequénte_

[61] _contésa_

[62] _fra_

[63] _Turno_

[64] _re_

[65] _Rútuli_

[66] _primo_

[67] _oppórsi_

[68] _molto tempo_

[69] _esséndo che pretendeva egli pure a_

[70] _guerra_

[71] _náscere_

[72] _Trojáno_

[73] _eróe_

[74] _vittorióso_

[75] _Turno_

[76] _uccíso_

[77] _conseguénza_

[78] _edíficáre_

[79] _città_

[80] _chiamáto_

[81] _Lavínio_

[82] _onóre_

[83] _moglie_

[84] _qualche tempo dopo_

[85] _attaccáre_

[86] _guerra_

[87] _contro_

[88] _Mésenzio_

[89] _régolo_

[90] _paése_

[91] _vinto_

[92] _volta_

[93] _moríre_

[94] _battáglia_

[95] _regno_

[96] _anno_

[97] _Ascanio_

[98] _figlio_

[99] _succédere_

[100] _regno_

[101] _secondo genito_

[102] _nátogli da_

[103] _nojóso_

[104] _recitáre_

[105] _insípido_

[106] _catálogo_

[107] _seguíre_

[108] _sapére_

[109] _poco_

[110] _nome_

[111] _bastáre_

[112] _dire_

[113] _successióne_

[114] _continuáre_

[115] _vicíno_

[116] _quattro_

[117] _cento_

[118] _anno_

[119] _famíglia_

[120] _Numitóre_

[121] _último_

CHAP. II.

_(Of the World, 3301--Before Christ, 753.)_

The [1]twelfth [2]king of the [3]Latins after [4]Æneas, was [5]Amulius, who [6]circumvented his [7]brother [8]Numitor, to whom the [9]right of [10]succession [11]appertained, upon the [12]account of his [13]age. Numitor had an [14]only [15]daughter [16]called Sylvia, and [17]Romulus and [18]Remus, [19]twin brothers, and founders of Rome, were, as it is said in fable and history, the [20]sons of [21]Mars and Sylvia. The children being [22]exposed by the [23]king’s [24]order, were [25]privately [26]educated by one [27]Faustulus, a [28]shepherd. When they were [29]grown up, they [30]slew Amulius, [31]restored their [32]grandfather, to his [33]kingdom, and [34]built [35]Rome 753 years before [36]Christ was [37]born.

Romulus, having [38]put his [39]rival brother to [40]death, [41]was [42]proclaimed king by his [43]followers; and having [44]settled the [45]state [46]affairs, and [47]being in want of females, he [48]seized upon all the [49]young women that [50]came to [51]see the [52]public [53]games at Rome; upon which a [54]terrible and long [55]war with the [56]Sabines [57]ensued.

The [58]Cæninenses, [59]Antemnates, and [60]Crustumini were [61]conquered; and [62]at last the [63]Sabines, under the [64]conduct of [65]Tatius, [66]bearing hard upon the Romans, by the [67]interposition of the [68]Sabine women who had been [69]detained at Rome, it was [70]agreed upon [71]betwixt both [72]parties, [73]that they should [74]jointly [75]inhabit Rome, and Romulus and Tatius should [76]reign [77]together. Tatius being [78]slain six [79]years after, Romulus reigned [80]alone, and [81]completed the [82]term of 38 years, having conquered the [83]neighbouring cities. At last, [84]a great [85]tempest [86]arising as he [87]held an [88]assembly at the [89]lake of Caprea, [90]he was no where to be found, being [91]torn in pieces by the [92]senators (as it was [93]generally [94]thought) to whom he was [95]now [96]grown [97]odious on [98]account of his [99]cruelty. He [100]first [101]divided the city into [102]thirty [103]curiæ, and [104]three [105]tribes. The [106]poor he [107]put [108]under the [109]protection of the [110]great, whom he [111]named [112]patricii. He [113]triumphed [114]three times [115]over his [116]vanquished [117]enemies; [118]first, over the Cæninenses, and Antemnates, in which [119]war having [120]killed their [121]king [122]Acron [123]with his own hand, he [124]consecrated his first [125]spoils to [126]Jupiter Feretrius; [127]secondly, over the [128]Camerini; [129]thirdly, over the [130]Fidenates, and [131]Veientes.

[132]After an [133]interregnum of a [134]year’s continuance, [135]Numa Pompilius, a Sabine, [136]born at [137]Cures, was [138]chosen king by the Romans, 714 years before [139]Christ was [140]born; [141]who [142]applying himself to the [143]preservation of the public [144]quiet, [145]instituted all the [146]religious [147]rites of the Romans. He [148]made an [149]addition of two [150]months to the year, which [151]till that time had [152]consisted of [153]ten, and [154]reigned forty-three years.

[155]The third king of the Romans was [156]Tullus Hostilius, a [157]man of a [158]restless temper, and [159]fit for nothing but war. He [160]conquered the Albans, and [161]destroyed their city, after he had first [162]removed the [163]inhabitants, and all their [164]substance to Rome; and [165]torn to pieces, [166]tied [167]betwixt two [168]chariots, [169]Metius Fusetius, [170]dictator of the [171]Albans, [172]convicted of [173]treachery. He [174]triumphed [175]three times over the Albans, the [176]Fidenates, and the Sabines. He [177]reigned [178]thirty-two years, and [179]perished with his [180]wife, and [181]whole family, by [182]a thunderbolt [183]from heaven.

The [184]fourth king that reigned at Rome was [185]Ancus Martius, [186]grandson to Numa Pompilius, by whom the [187]Latins were [188]subdued, and most of them [189]taken into the city, and [190]settled in the [191]Aventine mount; [192]the Janiculum was [193]fortified by him, a [194]bridge made over the [195]Tiber, and Ostia [196]built. He reigned 24 years.

The [197]fifth king of Rome was [198]Tarquinius Priscus, the [199]son of [200]Demaratus, a [201]Corinthian. He [202]came to Rome from [203]Tarquinii, a [204]town of Etruria, [205]from whence he was [206]called [207]Lucius Tarquinius. After he [208]came to the [209]government, he [210]augmented the [211]senate, [212]subdued the [213]twelve [214]nations of Etruria, and [215]borrowed from them the [216]ensigns of [217]supreme [218]power, the [219]fasces; the [220]trabea; the [221]curule chair; the [222]prætexta; and other [223]things of that [224]kind. He was slain by the sons of [225]Ancus, after he had reigned 38 years.

His [226]son-in-law Servius Tullius, the [227]sixth in [228]order, [229]began his [230]reign in the year 577 before Christ. He was for his [231]rare [232]endowments [233]preferred before those of the royal [234]blood. He first [235]instituted the [236]census, and [237]ordered it to be [238]kept [239]every five years; [240]divided the [241]people into [242]classes, and [243]centuries, and [244]enlarged the city: and after he had [245]governed the [246]kingdom with great [247]applause 44 years, he was [248]murdered through the [249]horrid [250]wickedness of his own [251]daughter, and Tarquin his [252]son-in-law.

The [253]seventh and [254]last king that reigned at Rome was Tarquin, [255]surnamed [256]the Proud, whom [257]most of the [258]old Roman [259]authors [260]affirm to be the son of [261]Priscus; [262]but [263]Dionysius [264]will have him to be his grandson. He [265]governed the [266]kingdom he had [267]procured by his [268]wickedness [269]no better than he got it, being [270]cruel to the [271]senators, and his [272]other [273]subjects. He [274]conquered the [275]Volsci, the Sabines, and Gabii; and having [276]built the [277]Capitol with the [278]spoils of the cities he had [279]taken, he was [280]at last [281]turned out of the city, and of his kingdom, for a [282]violence [283]committed by his [284]son upon [285]Lucretia.

FOOTNOTES

[1] _duodécimo_

[2] _re_

[3] _Latíno_

[4] _Enéa_

[5] _Amúlio_

[6] _ingannáre_

[7] _fratéllo_

[8] _Numitóre_

[9] _drítto_

[10] _successióne_

[11] _appartenére_

[12] _cagióne_

[13] _età_

[14] _único_

[15] _figlia_

[16] _chiamáre_

[17] _Rómolo_

[18] _Remo_

[19] _geméllo_

[20] _figlio_

[21] _Marte_

[22] _espórre_

[23] _re_

[24] _órdine_

[25] _segretaménte_

[26] _educáre_

[27] _Faústulo_

[28] _pastóre_

[29] _créscere_

[30] _uccídere_

[31] _restituíre_

[32] _avo_

[33] _regno_

[34] _edificáre_

[35] _Roma_

[36] _Cristo_

[37] _náscere_

[38] _méttere_

[39] _émolo_

[40] _morte_

[41] _éssere_

[42] _proclamáre_

[43] _seguáce_

[44] _regoláre_

[45] _stato_

[46] _affáre_

[47] _avéndo bisógno_

[48] _pigliáre per forza_

[49] _gióvane_

[50] _veníre_

[51] _vedére_

[52] _púbblico_

[53] _giuóco_

[54] _terríbile_

[55] _guerra_

[56] _Sabíni_

[57] _seguíre_

[58] _Ceninénsi_

[59] _Antemnáti_

[60] _Crustumíni_

[61] _conquistáre_

[62] _alla fine_

[63] _Sabíni_

[64] _comándo_

[65] _Tázio_

[66] _malmenando i Románi fieramente_

[67] _interposizióne_

[68] _donne Sabíne_

[69] _ritenére_

[70] _conveníre_

[71] _fra_

[72] _partíto_

[73] _che_

[74] _unitaménte_

[75] _abitáre_

[76] _regnáre_

[77] _insiéme_

[78] _uccídere_

[79] _anno_

[80] _solo_

[81] _compíre_

[82] _términe_

[83] _vicíno_

[84] _grande_

[85] _borrásca_

[86] _soppravenire_

[87] _tenére_

[88] _assembléa_

[89] _lago_

[90] _non si potétte trováre in nissun luógo_

[91] _messo a brani_

[92] _senatóre_

[93] _generalménte_

[94] _crédere_

[95] _ormai_

[96] _diveníre_

[97] _odióso_

[98] _cagióne_

[99] _crudeltà_

[100] _da princípio_

[101] _divídere_

[102] _trenta_

[103] _cúrie_

[104] _tre_

[105] _tribù_

[106] _i póveri_

[107] _méttere_

[108] _sotto_

[109] _protezióne_

[110] _grande_

[111] _chiamáre_

[112] _patrízio_

[113] _trionfáre_

[114] _tre volte_

[115] _dei_

[116] _vinto_

[117] _nemíco_

[118] _prima_

[119] _guerra_

[120] _uccídere_

[121] _re_

[122] _Acróne_

[123] _di propria mano_

[124] _consacráre_

[125] _spóglia_

[126] _Gióve Ferétrio_

[127] _secóndo_

[128] _Cameríni_

[129] _terzo_

[130] _Fidenáti_

[131] _Vejénti_

[132] _dopo_

[133] _interrégno_

[134] _anno_

[135] _Numa Pompílio_

[136] _nato_

[137] _Cure_

[138] _scelto_

[139] _Cristo_

[140] _nascesse_

[141] _il quale_

[142] _applicársi_

[143] _preservazióne_

[144] _pace_

[145] _istituíre_

[146] _religióso_

[147] _rito_

[148] _fare_

[149] _addizióne_

[150] _mese_

[151] _fin allóra_

[152] _consístere_

[153] _diéci_

[154] _regnáre_

[155] _il terzo_

[156] _Túllio Ostílio_

[157] _uómo_

[158] _inquiéto natúra_

[159] _proprio_

[160] _conquistáre_

[161] _distrúggere_

[162] _trasportáre_

[163] _abitánte_

[164] _sostánza_

[165] _fatto in pezzi_

[166] _attaccáre_

[167] _fra_

[168] _carro_

[169] _Mezio Fusézio_

[170] _dittatóre_

[171] _Albani_

[172] _convínto_

[173] _tradiménto_

[174] _trionfáre_

[175] _tre volte_

[176] _Fidénáti_

[177] _regnáre_

[178] _trentadue anni_

[179] _períre_

[180] _moglie_

[181] _tutta la sua famíglia_

[182] _per un fúlmine_

[183] _caduto dal cielo_

[184] _quarto_

[185] _Anco Márzio_

[186] _nipote_

[187] _Latíni_

[188] _soggiogáto_

[189] _posto_

[190] _stabilírsi_

[191] _monte Aventíno_

[192] _il Gianícolo_

[193] _fortificáto_

[194] _ponte_

[195] _Tevére_

[196] _edificáto_

[197] _quinto_

[198] _Tarquínio Prisco_

[199] _figlio_

[200] _Demaráto_

[201] _Corintéo_

[202] _veníre_

[203] _Tarquínio_

[204] _cíttà_

[205] _dal quale_

[206] _chiamáto_

[207] _Lúcio Tarquínio_

[208] _perveníre_

[209] _govérno_

[210] _aumentáre_

[211] _senáto_

[212] _soggiogáre_

[213] _dódici_

[214] _nazióne_

[215] _imprestáre_

[216] _insegnáre_

[217] _suprémo_

[218] _autorità_

[219] _fasce_

[220] _trabéa_

[221] _sédia curúle_

[222] _pretésta_

[223] _cosa_

[224] _sorta_

[225] _Anco_

[226] _genero Sérvio Túllio_

[227] _sesto_

[228] _órdine_

[229] _principiáre_

[230] _regno_

[231] _raro_

[232] _qualità_

[233] _preferíto_

[234] _sangue reale_

[235] _istituíre_

[236] _censo_

[237] _comando che fosse_

[238] _rifatto_

[239] _una volta ogni cinque anni_

[240] _divídere_

[241] _pópolo_

[242] _classe_

[243] _centúria_

[244] _estendere_

[245] _governáre_

[246] _regno_

[247] _appláuso_

[248] _assassináto_

[249] _orríbile_

[250] _scelleratézza_

[251] _figlia_

[252] _genero_

[253] _séttimo_

[254] _último_

[255] _cognomináto_

[256] _il supérbo_

[257] _la maggior parte_

[258] _antíco_

[259] _autóre_

[260] _affermáre_

[261] _Prísco_

[262] _ma_

[263] _Dionísio_

[264] _vuól che sia suo nipotíno_

[265] _governáre_

[266] _regno_

[267] _procuráre_

[268] _malvagità_

[269] _in un modo non migliore di quello con cui l’aveva ottenuto_

[270] _crudele_

[271] _senatóre_

[272] _altro_

[273] _suddito_

[274] _debelláre_

[275] _Volsci_

[276] _edificáre_

[277] _Campidóglio_

[278] _spóglie_

[279] _préndere_

[280] _alla fine_

[281] _scacciáre_

[282] _violenza_

[283] _commésso_

[284] _fíglio_

[285] _Lucrézia_

CHAP. III

(_Of the World, 3545--Of Rome, 245._)

[1]King Tarquin, with his [2]family, being [3]banished, [4]L. Junius Brutus, and [5]L. Tarquinius Collatinus were [6]made [7]consuls. [8]The former was so [9]severe, that he [10]scourged and [11]beheaded his own sons for [12]favouring [13]the banished kings, being a [14]greater [15]friend to the [16]public [17]liberty than to his own family. A [18]field of the Tarquins, which [19]lay [20]between the city and [21]the Tiber, was [22]consecrated to [23]Mars, and [24]from thence [25]called [26]Campus Martius. [27]Brutus [28]died in the [29]war [30]against the Tarquins, who [31]prevailed upon some of the [32]neighbouring [33]nations to [34]assist them; [35]amongst the [36]rest, Porsena, king of Etruria, [37]made war upon the Romans, in [38]favour of the Tarquins: in which war the [39]bravery of [40]Horatius Coccles was very [41]remarkable, who [42]maintained the [43]fight [44]against the [45]victorious [46]enemy [47]till the [48]bridge on the Tiber was [49]cut down, [50]when he [51]swam and crossed the [52]river. Nor [53]must we [54]pass over in silence the [55]noble [56]attempt of [57]Mutius Scævola, who [58]secretly [59]entered the [60]enemy’s [61]camp with a [62]resolution to [63]kill the king; [64]but having by [65]mistake [66]slain one of his nobles, he [67]thrust his [68]hand into the [69]fire that was upon the [70]altar; which so [71]terrified the king, that he [72]made [73]peace with the Romans, and [74]returned [75]home. [76]After this, the [77]Latins made [78]war upon the Romans, [79]under the [80]conduct of [81]Octavius Mamilius, Tarquin’s [82]son-in-law; [83]against whom [84]Posthumius being made [85]dictator, [86]vanquished them in a [87]memorable [88]battle at the [89]lake Regillus.

[90]Afterwards a war was [91]proclaimed [92]against the [93]Volsci, who had [94]raised some [95]troops, to [96]send to the [97]assistance of the [98]Latins in the [99]former war. The [100]fortune of [101]Caius Marcius Coriolanus was [102]remarkable in that war, who being [103]condemned in his [104]absence, [105]retired amongst the Volsci, and [106]advised them to [107]renew the war; for the [108]management of which, being [109]chosen [110]general with [111]Tullius Accius, after he had [112]routed the Romans in [113]several [114]engagements, and [115]advanced up [116]to the very walls of the city, he was [117]moved by the [118]prayers of his [119]mother, and he [120]raised the [121]siege. After the [122]death of [123]Coriolanus, the Volsci [124]continued the war, and [125]were [126]together with the [127]Æqui, [128]and Hernici, [129]soundly [130]beaten by [131]Spurius Cassius, who had been [132]thrice [133]consul. [134]He being elevated by his [135]success, [136]aspired to the [137]throne, [138]but was [139]prevented in his [140]design, and [141]thrown headlong from the [142]Tarpeian rock.

In the year 261 from the [143]building of the city, the [144]common people being very [145]much in [146]debt, and [147]provoked by the [148]cruelty of their [149]creditors, [150]retired [151]beyond the [152]Anien into the [153]sacred mount, but were [154]reconciled by the [155]pacific [156]persuasions of [157]Menenius Agrippa; having [158]first [159]obtained from the [160]fathers, that [161]officers should be [162]appointed to [163]screen them from the [164]violence of the [165]patricii, who were [166] called [167]tribunes of the [168]people.

After this, the Romans had a war with the [169]Veientes, which the [170]family of the [171]Fabii [172]undertook to [173]carry on by themselves; and having [174]pitched their camp by the [175]river [176]Cremera, were [177]trepanned by the [178]enemy, and [179]cut off in one [180]day, to the [181]number of 306.

The war with the [182]Volsci [183]continued. They were [184]often [185]vanquished, [186]especially by T. [187]Quintius Cincinnatus, who took [188]Antium, the [189]metropolis of their [190]nation. Cincinnatus being [191]afterwards [192]taken from the [193]plough, and [194]made [195]dictator [196]against the [197]Æqui, he [198]delivered the [199]consul [200]Minucius, who was [201]besieged by them, and [202]obliged the [203]enemy to [204]pass under the [205]yoke.

In the year 303, [206]after the [207]foundation of the city, and 451 years [208]before [209]Christ, the [210]form of the [211]government was [212]changed. [213]For [214]instead of [215]consuls, the [216]decemviri were [217]set up, with [218]supreme [219]power to [220]make [221]laws for the Roman [222]people, [223]from those which their ambassadors had the year before [224]brought from [225]Greece. But [226]abusing their [227]power, they were [228]obliged to [229]lay down their [230]authority; and the [231]consuls and [232]tribunes were [233]restored.

In the 315th year of the city, Sp. Melius, in the [234]time of a [235]famine, [236]endeavouring to [237]make his way to a [238]throne, by [239]sharing [240]corn [241]amongst the [242]people, was [243]slain by [244]order of [245]Quintius Cincinnatus the [246]dictator, by [247]C. Servilius Ahala [248]master of the horse. In the [249]following year the [250]Fidenates [251]revolted to [252]Lars Tolumnius, king of the [253]Veientes, and [254]put the Roman ambassadors to [255]death, who had their [256]statues [257]erected in the [258]forum. The [259]Veientes [260]in the next year were [261]subdued by [262]Mamercus Æmilius, [263]dictator. [264]Tolumnius was [265]slain by [266]Cornelius Cossus, who was the [267]second from [268]Romulus that [269]dedicated the [270]spoils [271]called [272]Opima to Jupiter [273]Feretrius.

[274]Censors were [275]set up at Rome in the 311th year of the city, who [276]held their [277]office [278]at first for [279]five [280]years, [281]but were [282]afterwards, in the year 320, [283]reduced by [284]Mamercus Æmilius, [285]dictator, to a year and a [286]half. In the year 323, the [287]dictator [288]A. Posthumius was very [289]successful [290]against the [291]Æqui and the [292]Volsci; but [293]stained the [294]victory with the [295]blood of his own [296]son, whom he [297]beheaded for having [298]fought [299]contrary to his [300]orders.

In the year of the city 358, the [301]town of [302]Veii was [303]taken by [304]Camillus, dictator, [305]after a [306]siege of [307]ten years. He [308]likewise [309]reduced the [310]Falisci, [311]not so much by his [312]arms, as the [313]opinion they had of his [314]justice.

But after these [315]great [316]successes, the Romans were [317]nearly [318]ruined by the [319]Galli Senones, who having [320]laid [321]siege to [322]Clusium in Etruria, the Romans [323]sent three of the [324]Fabian family ambassadors to them. These, [325]contrary to the [326]law of [327]nations, [328]marched out into the [329]field with the [330]Clusini against the [331]Gauls, which proceeding so [332]incensed the latter, that [333]leaving [334]Clusium, they marched to Rome. The Romans were [335]routed, and [336]put to [337]flight in the very [338]first [339]attack at Allia. After which the city was [340]taken and [341]burnt; the [342]Capitol, [343]whither the [344]flower of the Roman [345]youth [346]retreated, was [347]besieged, and had it not been for Manlius, who was afterwards surnamed [348]Capitolinus, would have been [349]taken by the [350]barbarians in the [351]night time; but he, being [352]awakened by the [353]cackling of [354]geese, and [355]others [356]with him, [357]pushed the [358]Gauls [359]as they [360]came up, [361]headlong down the precipice. [362]In the mean time [363]Camillus, who was [364]then in [365]exile at Ardea, being [366]recalled and [367]made [368]dictator, [369]raised an [370]army, [371]came to Rome, [372]drove them out, and at [373]about [374]eight [375]miles [376]distance from the city [377]utterly [378]destroyed their [379]whole [380]army.

FOOTNOTES

[1] _Il re Tarquínio_

[2] _famíglia_

[3] _bandíto_

[4] _L. Giúnio Bruto_

[5] _L. Tarquínio Collatíno_

[6] _fatto_

[7] _consóle_

[8] _il primo_

[9] _sevéro_

[10] _flagelláre_

[11] _decapitáre_

[12] _favoríre_

[13] _i re bandíti_

[14] _grande_

[15] _amíco_

[16] _púbblico_

[17] _libertà_

[18] _campo_

[19] _situato_

[20] _fra_

[21] _Tévere_

[22] _consacráto_

[23] _Marte_

[24] _indi_

[25] _chiamáto_

[26] _Campo Marzio_

[27] _Bruto_

[28] _moríre_

[29] _guerra_

[30] _contro_

[31] _riuscirono a persuadére_

[32] _vicíno_

[33] _nazióne_

[34] _assístere_

[35] _fra_

[36] _gli altri_

[37] _fare_

[38] _favóre_

[39] _bravúra_

[40] _Orázio Coclide_

[41] _rimarchevole_

[42] _mantenére_

[43] _conflítto_

[44] _contro_

[45] _vittorióso_

[46] _nemico_

[47] _infinchè_

[48] _ponte_

[49] _tagliáto_

[50] _allóra_

[51] _nuotáre e traversáre_

[52] _fiúme_

[53] _dovére_

[54] _passáre in silenzio_

[55] _nóbile_

[56] _intraprèsa_

[57] _Muzio Scévola_

[58] _segretaménte_

[59] _entráre_

[60] _nemíco_

[61] _campo_

[62] _risoluzióne_

[63] _uccídere_

[64] _ma_

[65] _isbáglio_

[66] _ammazzáre_

[67] _méttere_

[68] _mano_

[69] _fuóco_

[70] _altáre_

[71] _spaventáre_

[72] _fare_

[73] _pace_

[74] _ritornáre_

[75] _casa_

[76] _dopo_

[77] _Latíno_

[78] _guerra_

[79] _sotto_

[80] _condótta_

[81] _Ottávio Mamílio_

[82] _genero_

[83] _contro_

[84] _Postúmio_

[85] _dittatóre_

[86] _víncere_

[87] _memorábile_

[88] _battáglia_

[89] _Lago Regíllo_

[90] _dopo_

[91] _proclamáre_

[92] _contro_

[93] _Volsci_

[94] _leváre_

[95] _truppe_

[96] _mandáre_

[97] _soccórso_

[98] _Latíno_

[99] _precedente_

[100] _fortúna_

[101] _Caio Marzio Corioláno_

[102] _segnaláto_

[103] _condannáto_

[104] _assénza_

[105] _ritirársi_

[106] _consigliáre_

[107] _ricominciáre_

[108] _condótta_

[109] _scelto_

[110] _generále_

[111] _Tullio Accio_

[112] _sconfítto_

[113] _parécchie_

[114] _battáglia_

[115] _avanzáre_

[116] _infíno alle mura_

[117] _commósso_

[118] _preghiéra_

[119] _madre_

[120] _leváre_

[121] _assédio_

[122] _morte_

[123] _Corioláno_

[124] _continuáre_

[125] _confederatisi_

[126] _con gli_

[127] _Equi_

[128] _Erníci_

[129] _furono insieme potentemente_

[130] _battúto_

[131] _Spúrio Cássio_

[132] _tre volte_

[133] _consóle_

[134] _questi esaltáto_

[135] _succésso_

[136] _aspiráre_

[137] _trono_

[138] _ma_

[139] _impedíto_

[140] _diségno_

[141] _precipitáto_

[142] _rupe Tarpéa_

[143] _fondazióne_

[144] _plebe_

[145] _molto_

[146] _indebitáto_

[147] _irritáto_

[148] _crudeltà_

[149] _creditóre_

[150] _ritirársi_

[151] _di là_

[152] _Aniéno_

[153] _sacro monte_

[154] _riconciliáto_

[155] _pacifico_

[156] _persuasióne_

[157] _Menénio Agríppa_

[158] _prima_

[159] _ottenúto_

[160] _padre_

[161] _ufficiále_

[162] _costituíto_

[163] _protéggere_

[164] _violénza_

[165] _patrízj_

[166] _chiamáto_

[167] _tribúni_

[168] _popolo_

[169] _Vejénti_

[170] _famíglia_

[171] _Fabj_

[172] _intrapréndere_

[173] _maneggiáre_

[174] _accampáre_

[175] _fiúme_

[176] _Cremera_

[177] _acchiappáre_

[178] _nemíco_

[179] _uccíso_

[180] _giórno_

[181] _número_

[182] _Volsci_

[183] _continuáre_

[184] _spesso_

[185] _vinto_

[186] _specialménte_

[187] _Quínzio Cincinnáto_

[188] _Anzio_

[189] _metrópoli_

[190] _nazióne_

[191] _dopo_

[192] _preso_

[193] _áratro_

[194] _fatto_

[195] _dittatóre_

[196] _contro_

[197] _Equi_

[198] _liberáre_

[199] _consóle_

[200] _Minúcio_

[201] _assediáto_

[202] _forzáre_

[203] _nemico_

[204] _passáre sotto il_

[205] _giógo_

[206] _dopo_

[207] _fondazióne_

[208] _prima_

[209] _Cristo_

[210] _forma_

[211] _govérno_

[212] _cambiáto_

[213] _perchè_

[214] _invéce di_

[215] _consóle_

[216] _decemvíri_

[217] _creáto_

[218] _suprémo_

[219] _autorità_

[220] _fare_

[221] _legge_

[222] _pópolo_

[223] _sul modello di quello_

[224] _portáto_

[225] _Grécia_

[226] _abusáre_

[227] _potére_

[228] _obbligáto_

[229] _dimettere_

[230] _autorità_

[231] _cónsole_

[232] _tribúno_

[233] _ristabilíto_

[234] _tempo_

[235] _carestía_

[236] _procuráre_

[237] _arriváre_

[238] _trono_

[239] _distribuíre_

[240] _grano_

[241] _fra_

[242] _popolo_

[243] _ammazzáto_

[244] _órdine_

[245] _Quínzio Cincinnáto_

[246] _dittatóre_

[247] _C. Servílio Ahala_

[248] _maestro della cavalleria_

[249] _seguénte_

[250] _Fidenáti_

[251] _rivoltársi_

[252] _Larte Tolúnnio_

[253] _Vejénti_

[254] _méttere_

[255] _morte_

[256] _státua_

[257] _errétto_

[258] _fóro_

[259] _Vejénti_

[260] _l’anno dopo_

[261] _soggiogáto_

[262] _Mamérco Emílio_

[263] _dittatóre_

[264] _Tolúnnio_

[265] _ammazzáto_

[266] _Cornélio Cosso_

[267] _secóndo_

[268] _Romolo_

[269] _dedicáre_

[270] _spóglia_

[271] _chiamáto_

[272] _Opíme_

[273] _Gióve Feretrio_

[274] _censóre_

[275] _stabilíre_

[276] _tenére_

[277] _uffício_

[278] _al princípio_

[279] _cinque_

[280] _anno_

[281] _ma_

[282] _dopo_

[283] _ridótto_

[284] _Mamérco Emílio_

[285] _dittatóre_

[286] _mezzo_

[287] _dittatóre_

[288] _A. Postúmio_

[289] _fortunáto_

[290] _contro_

[291] _Equi_

[292] _Volsci_

[293] _macchiáre_

[294] _vittória_

[295] _sangue_

[296] _figlio_

[297] _decapitáre_

[298] _combáttere_

[299] _contro_

[300] _órdine_

[301] _città_

[302] _Vej_

[303] _preso_

[304] _Camíllo_

[305] _dopo_

[306] _assédio_

[307] _diéci_

[308] _pariménte_

[309] _ridúrre_

[310] _Falísci_

[311] _non tanto_

[312] _arme_

[313] _opinióne_

[314] _giustízia_

[315] _grande_

[316] _riuscita_

[317] _quasi_

[318] _rovináto_

[319] _Galli Sénoni_

[320] _méttere_

[321] _assédio_

[322] _Clusio_

[323] _mandáre_

[324] _famíglia de’ Fabj_

[325] _contro_

[326] _dirítto_

[327] _gente_

[328] _marciáre_

[329] _campo_

[330] _Clusíni_

[331] _Galli_

[332] _irritáre_

[333] _lasciáre_

[334] _Clusio_

[335] _sconfítto_

[336] _messo_

[337] _fuga_

[338] _primo_

[339] _attácco_

[340] _preso_

[341] _abbruciáto_

[342] _Campidóglio_

[343] _dove_

[344] _fiore_

[345] _gioventù_

[346] _ritirársi_

[347] _assediáto_

[348] _Capitolíno_

[349] _preso_

[350] _bárbaro_

[351] _notte tempo_

[352] _svegliáto_

[353] _il gracchiáre_

[354] _oca_

[355] _altro_

[356] _con_

[357] _buttáre_

[358] _Galli_

[359] _a misura che_

[360] _presentarsi_

[361] _a capo in giù nel precipízio_

[362] _nell’istésso tempo_

[363] _Camíllo_

[364] _allóra_

[365] _esílio_

[366] _richiamáto_

[367] _fatto_

[368] _dittatóre_

[369] _leváre_

[370] _armáta_

[371] _veníre_

[372] _scacciáre_

[373] _incírca_

[374] _otto_

[375] _míglia_

[376] _distánza_

[377] _completamente_

[378] _distrúggere_

[379] _tutto_

[380] _armáta_

CHAP. IV.

_(Of the World, 3670--Of Rome, 370.)_

The city being [1]destroyed by the Gauls, the Romans had [2]thoughts of [3]leaving it, and [4]removing to [5]Veii; but were [6]dissuaded from that [7]design by [8]Camillus; [9]whilst [10]Marcus Manlius (who [11]obtained the [12]surname of [13]Capitolinus for his [14]noble [15]defence of the [16]Capitol) [17]endeavoured by [18]ambition and [19]popular [20]favour [21]to possess himself of the [22]supreme [23]power, he was [24]thrown from the [25]Tarpeian rock, which he had [26]defended, in the year 370.

In the year 377, there was a [27]strong [28]contest [29]between the [30]nobility and the [31]people. [32]C. Licinius Stolo and [33]L. Sextius, [34]tribunes of [35]the people, [36]proposed a [37]law for [38]choosing [39]one of the consuls out [40]of the people. They [41]carried their point at last, in the year 387, and in the [42]following year [43]L. Sextius was elected consul.

[44]After this, the Romans had [45]war with the [46]Tiburtes, the [47]Tarquinenses, and [48]Falisci; and again with the [49]Gauls, who being [50]drawn up [51]in order of [52]battle, one of them [53]sent a [54]challenge to the Romans, and was [55]slain by [56]one M. Valerius, a [57]tribune of the [58]soldiers, by the [59]assistance of a [60]crow, who [61]from thence had the [62]surname of [63]Corvinus.

[64]But of all their [65]wars, none was more [66]troublesome and [67]lasting than that [68]against the [69]Samnites; which the Romans [70]undertook the year of the city 411, at the [71]request of the [72]Campani. It [73]lasted [74]seventy years; [75]though they were [76]several times [77]beaten, as in the year 413, in which the [78]Latins [79]rose up in arms [80]against the Romans, but were the year after [81]conquered by the [82]consuls Torquatus and Decius; the [83]former of whom [84]beheaded his own [85]son for [86]fighting [87]without his [88]order; the [89]other [90]devoted himself to [91]destruction for the [92]army; after which the [93]enemies [94]submitted, but [95]soon after [96]rebelling again, they were [97]at last [98]entirely [99]reduced in the year 416.