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—— (45) Tchihatcheff’s Voyage Scientifique dans l’Altaï oriental,
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=Göppert, H. R.= and =Berendt, G. C.= (45) Der Bernstein und die in ihm
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—— (82) Mémoire sur la formation de la houille. _Ann. Mines_, vol.
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—— (87) Formation des couches de houille et du terrain houiller.
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—— (89) Calamariées. Arthropitus et Calamodendron. _Compt. Rend._
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=Harrison, J. B.= (91) _Vide_ Jukes-Browne.

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=Heinricher, E.= (82) Die näheren Vorgänge bei der Sporenbildung der
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=Hick, T.= (78) and (81) _Vide_ Cash, W.

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—— (93²) The fruit-spike of _Calamites_. _Nat. Science_, vol. II. p.
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—— (95) On the structure of the leaves of _Calamites_. _Ibid._ vol.
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—— (96) On a sporangiferous spike, from the Middle Coal-Measures,
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=Holmes, E. M.= and =Batters, E. A.= (90) A revised list of British
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=Hooker, W. J.= (20) Musci Exotici. Vol. II. _London_, 1820.

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=Howse, R.= (88) A catalogue of fossil plants from the Hutton
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=Hughes, T. McKenny= (79) On the relation of the appearance and
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=Humboldt, A. von.= (48) Cosmos. (Translated by E. C. Otté.) _London_,
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=Huxley, T. H.= (93) Science and Hebrew tradition. _Collected Essays_,
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=Jäger, G. F.= (27) Über die Pflanzenversteinerungen welche in dem
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=James, J. F.= (93) Studies in the problematic organisms. No. 2. The
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—— (93²) Notes on fossil fungi. _U. S. Dpt. Agriculture_, vol. VII.
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—— (93³) Fossil fungi. Translated from the French of R. Ferry, with
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=Judeich, J. F.= and =Nitsche, F.= (95) Lehrbuch der mitteleuropäischen
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=Kent, S.= (93) The Great Barrier Reef of Australia. _London_, 1893.

=Kickx, J. J.= (64) _Vide_ Coemans, E.

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—— (86) Catalogue of the Palaeozoic plants in the department of
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—— (88) _Vide_ Young.

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=Kitton, F.= (81) _Vide_ Shrubsole, W. H.

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=Knowlton, F. H.= (89) Fossil wood and lignite of the Potomac
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—— (89²) Description of a problematic organism from the Devonian at
the falls of the Ohio. _Amer. Journ. Science_, vol. XXXVII. [3]
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—— (94) Fossil plants as aids to geology. _Journ. Geol._ vol. II.
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—— (96) The nomenclature question. _Bot. Gazette_, vol. XXI. p. 82,
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=Koechlin-Schlumberger, J.= _Vide_ Schimper, W. P.

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in the hard structures of animals. _Annals Mag. Nat. Hist._ vol.
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—— (59²) Über das ausgebreitete Vorkommen von pflanzlichen Parasiten
in den Hartgebilden niederer Thiere. _Zeitsch. wiss. Zool._ vol.
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=König, C.= (29) _Vide_ Murchison (29) p. 298.

=Kuntze, O.= (80) Über Geysirs und nebenan entstehende verkieselte
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=Lake, P.= (95) The Denbighshire series of South Denbighshire. _Quart.
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=Lesquereux, L.= (66) Geological Survey of Illinois. Vol. II. _New
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—— (70) _Ibid._ vol. IV. 1870.

—— (79) Atlas to the Coal Flora of Pennsylvania and of the
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—— (80) Description of the Coal Flora of the Carboniferous formation
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and 1884.

—— (84) _Ibid._ vol. III. 1884.

—— (87) A species of Fungus recently discovered in the shale of the
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=Lydekker, R.= (89) _Vide_ Nicholson.

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=Mougeot, A.= (44) _Vide_ Schimper.

—— (52) Essai d’une flore du nouveau Grès Rouge des Vosges.
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—— (72) Siluria. (Edit. 5.) _London_, 1872.

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—— (95) An introduction to the study of seaweeds. _London_, 1895.

—— (95²) Calcareous pebbles formed by Algae. _Phycol. Mem._ pt. III.
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—— (95³) A new part of _Pachytheca_. _Ibid._ p. 71, 1895.

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=Murray, G.= and =Blackman, V. H.= (97) Coccospheres and Rhabdospheres.
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=Murray, J.= and =Renard, A.= (91) _Vide_ “Challenger.”

=Nathorst, A. G.= (80) Reseberättelse. _Öfversigt Kongl.
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=Paterson= (41) Description of _Pothocites Grantoni_, a new fossil
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=Penhallow, D. P.= (89) On _Nematophyton_ and allied forms from the
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Canada_, vol. VI. sect. 4 (1888).

—— (93) Notes on _Nematophyton crassum_. _Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum_,
vol. XVI. p. 115, 1893.

—— (96) _Nematophyton Ortoni_, n. sp. _Annals Bot._ vol. X. p. 41,
1896.

=Petzholdt, A.= (41) Über Calamiten und Steinkohlenbildung. _Dresden_
and _Leipzig_, 1841.

=Pfitzer, E. H. H.= (67) Über die Schutzscheide. _Pringsh. Jahrb. Wiss.
Bot._ vol. VI. p. 292, 1867–68.

—— (71) Untersuchungen über Bau und Entwickelung der Bacillariaceen.
_Hanstein’s Bot. Abhand._ 1871.

=Philippi, R. A.= (37) Beweis das die Nulliporen Pflanzen sind.
_Wiegmann, Archiv._ vol. I. Jahrg. 3, p. 387, 1837.

=Phillips, J.= (29) Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire. _York_,
1829.

—— (75) _Ibid._ (Edit. 3) edited by R. Etheridge. _London_, 1875.

=Phillips, W.= (93) The breaking of the Shropshire Meres. _Midland
Naturalist_, vol. XVI. p. 56, 1893.

=Plot, R.= (1705) The Natural History of Oxfordshire. _Oxford_, 1705.

=Potonié, R.= (87) Die fossile Pflanzen-Gattung _Tylodendron_. _Jahrb.
k. Preuss. geol. Landesanst._ 1887, p. 313.

—— (90) Der im Lichthof der Königl. Geol. Landesanstalt und
Bergakademie aufgestellte Baumstumpf mit Wurzeln aus dem Carbon
des Piesberges. _Ibid._ 1890, p. 246.

—— (92) Der äussere Bau der Blätter von _Annularia stellata_
(Schloth.) mit ausblicken auf _Equisetites zeaeformis_ (Schloth.)
Andrae, und auf die Blätter von _Calamites varians_ Sternb. _Ber.
deutsch. bot. Ges._ vol. X. Heft 8, p. 561, 1892.

—— (93) Die Flora des Rothliegenden von Thüringen. (Th. I.) _Jahrb.
k. Preuss. geol. Landesanst._ vol. IX. 1893.

—— (94) Über die Stellung der Sphenophyllum im System. _Ber.
deutsch. bot. Ges._ Bd. XII. Heft 4, p. 97, 1894.

—— (96) Die floristische Gliederung des deutschen Carbon und Perm.
_Abhand. k. Preuss. geol. Landesanst._ (N. F.) Heft. XXI. p. 1,
1896.

—— (96²) Palaeophytologische Notizen. _Naturwiss. Wochenschrift_,
vol. XI. no. 10, p. 115, 1896.

=Quekett, J.= (54) Lectures on Histology. Vols. I. and II. _London_,
1852–54.

=Raciborski, M.= (94) Flora Kopalna ogniotrwalych Glinek Krakowskich.
_Pamiȩt. Akad. Umiejȩtności_, 1894.

=Reinsch, P. F.= (81) Neue Untersuchungen über die Mikrostruktur der
Steinkohle. _Leipzig_, 1881.

=Renault, B.= (73) Recherches sur l’organisation des Sphenophyllum et
des Annularia. _Ann. Sci. Nat._ [5] vol. XVIII. p. 5, 1873.

—— (76) Recherches sur la fructification de quelques végétaux. _Ann.
Sci. Nat._ [6] vol. III. p. 5, 1876.

—— (76²) Nouvelles recherches sur la structure des Sphenophyllum.
_Ann. Sci. Nat._ [6] vol. IV. p. 277, 1876.

—— (82) Cours de botanique fossile. Vol. II. _Paris_, 1882.

—— (85) Recherches sur les végétaux fossiles du genre Astromyelon
_Ann. Sci. Géol._ vol. XVII. 1885.

—— (93) Bassin Houiller et Permien d’Autun et d’Epinac. (_Atlas._)
_Études des gîtes minéraux de la France_, Fasc. IV. _Paris_, 1893.

—— (95) Note sur les cuticles de Tovarkovo. _Soc. Hist. Nat.
d’Autun_, 1895.

—— (95²) Sur quelques Bactéries des temps primaires. _Autun_, 1895.

—— (96) Bassin Houiller et Permien d’Autun et d’Epinac. (_Text._)
_Études des gîtes minéraux de la France_, Fasc. IV. _Paris_, 1896.

—— (96²) Notice sur les travaux scientifiques. _Autun_, 1896.

—— (96³) Recherches sur les Bactériacées fossiles. _Ann. Sci. Nat._
[8] vol. II. p. 275, 1896.

=Renault, R.= and =Bertrand= (94) Sur une bactérie coprophile de
l’époque Permienne. _Compt. Rend._ vol. CXIX. p. 377, 1894.

=Renault, R.= and =Zeiller, R.= (88) Études sur le terrain houiller de
Commentry. _St Étienne_, 1888–90. Pt. I. pp. 1–366, 1888. Pt. II.
pp. 367–746, 1890.

“=Report=” (62) Report of the Jury trial in the action of declaration,
&c. at the instance of Mr and Mrs Gillespie, of Torbanehill,
against Messrs James Russell and Son, Coal-masters, Falkirk.
_Edinburgh_, 1862.

=Reuss, A. E.= (61) Über die fossile Gattung _Acicularia_ d’Archiac.
_Sitzb. d. k. Akad. Wiss._ Bd. XLIII. Abth. I. p. 7, 1861.

=Rodway, J.= (95) In the Guiana Forest. _London_, 1895.

=Römer, A.= (54) Beiträge zur geologischen Kenntniss des nordwestlichen
Harzgebirges von Friedrich. _Palaeontograph._ vol. III. p. 1,
1854.

=Römer, F.= (62) Beiträge zur geologischen Kenntniss des nordwestlichen
Harzgebirges. _Palaeontograph._ vol. IX. 1862.

—— (70) Geologie von Oberschlesien. _Breslau_, 1870.

=Rosanoff, S.= (66) Recherches anatomiques sur les Mélobésiées. _Mém.
Soc. Sci. nat. Cherbourg_, vol. XI. 1865.

=Rose, C. B.= (55) On the discovery of parasitic borings in fossil
fish-scales. _Trans. mic. soc._ (_N. S._) vol. III. p. 7, 1855.

=Rosenvinge, L. K.= (93) Grønlands Havalger. Conspectus florae
Groenlandicae. Pt. III. p. 765. Grønlands Havalger. (_Meddelelser
om Grønland._ III. _Supplt._ 3), 1887–94.

=Rothpletz, A.= (80) Die Flora und Fauna der Carbon Culmformation bei
Hainischen in Sachsen. _Bot. Cent._ vol. II. (_Gratis Beilage_
3), 1880.

—— (90) Über _Sphaerocodium Bornemanni_, eine neue fossile Kalkalge
aus den Raibler Schichten der Ostalpen. _Bot. Cent._ vol. XLI. p.
9, 1890.

—— (91) Fossile Kalkalgen aus den Familien der Codiaceen und der
Corallineen. _Zeit. deutsch. geol. Ges._ vol. XLIII. p. 295, 1891.

—— (92) Über die Bildung der Oolithe. _Bot. Cent._ vol. LI. p. 265,
1892.

—— (92²) Über die Diadematiden-Stacheln und _Haploporella
fasciculata_ aus dem Oligocän von Astrupp. _Bot. Cent._ vol. LII.
p. 235, 1892.

—— (94) Ein geologischer Querschnitt durch die Ost-Alpen nebst
Anhang über die sogenannte Glarner Doppelfalte. _Stuttgart_, 1894.

—— (96) Über die Flysch-Fucoiden und einige andere fossile Algen
sowie über liassische Diatomeen führende Hornschwämme. _Zeit.
deutsch. geol. Ges._ vol. XLVIII. p. 854, 1896.

=Royle, J. F.= (39) Illustrations of the Botany and other branches of
the Natural History of the Himalayan Mountains and of the flora
of Cashmere. _London_, 1839.

=Rultey, F.= (92) Notes on Crystallites. _Min. Mag._ vol. IX. p. 261,
1891.

=Salter, J. W.= (63) On some fossil crustacea from the Coal-Measures
and Devonian rocks of British North America. _Quart. Journ. Geol.
Soc._ vol. XIX. p. 75, 1863.

—— (73) A catalogue of Cambrian and Silurian fossils. _Cambridge_,
1873.

=Saporta, de G.= (68) Prodrome d’une flore fossile des travertins
anciens de Sézanne. _Mém. Soc. Géol. France_, vol. VIII. [2]
1865–68.

—— (72) Plantes Jurassiques. _Paléont. Franç. Végétaux_, vols. I–IV.
1872–1891.

—— (73) _Ibid._ vol. I. Algues, Équisétacées, Characées, Fougères,
1873.

—— (75) _Ibid._ vol. II. Cycadées, 1875.

—— (77) Sur la découverte d’une plante terrestre dans la partie
moyenne du terrain Silurien. _Compt. Rend._ vol. LXXXV. p. 500,
1877.

—— (79) Le monde des plantes avant l’apparition de l’homme. _Paris_,
1879.

—— (81) _Vide_ Saporta and Marion.

—— (82) A propos des algues fossiles. _Paris_, 1882.

—— (84) Les organismes problématiques des anciennes mers. _Paris_,
1884.

—— (86) Nouveaux documents relatifs à des fossiles végétaux et à des
traces d’invertébrés associés dans les anciens terrains. _Bull.
Soc. bot. France_, vol. XIV. [3] p. 407, 1886.

—— (91) Plantes Jurassiques. Vol. IV. _Paris_, 1891.

=Saporta, de G.= and =Marion, A. F.= (81) L’Évolution du règne végétal.
Les Cryptogames. _Paris_, 1881.

=Schenk, A.= (65) _Vide_ Schoenlein.

—— (67) Die fossile Flora der Grenzschichten des Keupers und Lias
Frankens. _Wiesbaden_, 1867.

—— (83) Pflanzliche Versteinerungen. _Richthofen’s “China,”_ vol.
IV. _Berlin_, 1883.

—— (88) Die fossile Pflanzenreste. (_Handbuch der Botanik._)
_Breslau_, 1888.

—— (90) _Vide_ Schimper.

=Scheuchzer, J. T.= (1723) Herbarium diluvianum. _Lugduni Batavorum_,
1723.

=Schiffner, V.= and =Müller, C.= (95) Engler und Prantl; Die
natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Teil I. Abt. 3. _Leipzig_, 1895.

=Schimper, W. P.= (65) Euptychium Muscorum Neocaledonicorum genus novum
et genus _Spiridens_. _Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Car._ vol.
XXXII. 1865.

—— (69) Traité de Paléontologie végétale. _Paris_, vol. I. 1869,
vol. II. 1870–72, vol. III. 1874.

—— (74) _Ibid._ Atlas.

=Schimper, W. P.= and =Koechlin-Schlumberger, J.= (62) Mémoire sur
le Terrain de transition des Vosges. _Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat.
Strasbourg_, vol. V. 1862.

=Schimper, W. P.= and =Mougeot= (44) Monographie des plantes fossiles
du grès bigarré de la Chaîne des Vosges. _Leipzig_, 1844.

=Schimper, W. P.= and =Schenk, A.= (90) Palaeophytologie. _Zittel’s
Handbuch der Palaeontologie_, Abt. II. _Munich_ and _Leipzig_,
1890.

=Schlotheim, E. F. von.= (04) Beschreibung merkwürdiger
Kräuter-Abdrücke und Pflanzen-Versteinerungen. _Gotha_, 1804.

—— (20) Die Petrefactenkunde auf ihrem jetzigen Standpunkte durch
die Beschreibung seiner Sammlung versteinerter und fossiler
Überreste des Thier- und Pflanzenreichs der Vorwelt erläutert.
_Gotha_, 1820.

—— (22) Nachträge zur Petrefactenkunde. _Gotha_, 1822–23.

=Schlüter, C.= (79) _Coelotrochium Decheni_, eine Foraminifere aus dem
Mitteldevon. _Zeit. deutsch. geol. Ges._ vol. XXXI. p. 668, 1879.

=Schmalhausen, J.= (79) Beiträge zur Juraflora Russlands. _Mém. Acad.
imp. St Pétersbourg_, [7] vol. XXVII. no. 4, 1879.

=Schmitz, F.= (97) Rhodophyceae. Engler und Prantl; Die natürlichen
Pflanzenfamilien. Teil I. Abt. 2. _Leipzig_, 1897.

=Schoenlein, J. L.= and =Schenk, A.= (65) Abbildungen von fossilen
Pflanzen aus dem Keuper Frankens. _Wiesbaden_, 1865.

=Schröter, J.= (89) Engler und Prantl; Die natürlichen
Pflanzenfamilien. Teil I. Abth. 1. 1889.

=Schulze, C. F.= (1755) Kurtze Betrachtung derer Kräuterabdrücke im
Steinreiche. _Dresden_ and _Leipzig_, 1755.

=Schulze, F.= (55) Über das Vorkommen wohlerhaltener Cellulose in
Braunkohle und Steinkohle. _Bericht. k. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.
Berlin_, 1855, p. 676.

=Schütt, F.= (93) Das Pflanzenleben der Hochsee. _Kiel_ and _Leipzig_,
1893. (From Hensen’s Plankton-Expedition.)

—— (96) Bacillariales. Engler und Prantl; Die natürlichen
Pflanzenfamilien. Teil I. Abt. 1. b. 1896.

=Schweinfurth, G.= (82) Zur Beleuchtung der Frage über den
versteinerten Wald. _Zeit. deutsch. geol. Ges._ vol. XXXIV. p.
139, 1882.

=Schwendener, S.= (74) Das mechanische Princip im anatomischen Bau der
Monocotylen. 1874.

=Scott, D. H.= (94) (95) (96) _Vide_ Williamson, W. C.

—— (96) An introduction to structural Botany. Pt. II. Flowerless
plants. _London_, 1896.

—— (96²) Presidential address. (Liverpool Meeting.) _British Assoc.
Report_, p. 992, 1896.

—— (97) On the structure and affinities of fossil plants from the
Palaeozoic rocks. On _Cheirostrobus_, a new type of fossil cone
from the Lower Carboniferous strata (Calciferous Sandstone
Series). _Phil. Trans. R. Soc._ vol. CLXXXIX. B. p. 1, 1897.

=Seeman, B.= (65) A gigantic _Equisetum_. _Journ. Bot._ vol. III. p.
123, 1865.

=Seward, A. C.= (88) On _Calamites undulatus_. _Geol. Mag._ vol. V. p.
289, 1888.

—— (89) _Sphenophyllum_ as a branch of _Asterophyllites_. _Mem. and
Proc. Lit. Phil. Soc. Manchester_, vol. III. [4] p. 1, 1889–90.

—— (94) Algae as rock-building organisms. _Science Progress_, vol.
II. no. 7, p. 10, 1894.

—— (94²) Catalogue of the Mesozoic plants in the Department of
Geology, British Museum. The Wealden Flora, Pt. I. _London_, 1894.

—— (95) _Ibid._ Pt. II. _London_, 1895.

—— (95²) Coal: its structure and formation. _Science Progress_, vol.
II. p. 355, 1895.

—— (95³) Notes on _Pachytheca_. _Proc. Phil. Soc. Cambridge_, vol.
VIII. pt. 5, p. 278, 1895.

—— (96) Notes on the geological history of Monocotyledons. _Annals
Bot._ vol. X. p. 205, 1896.

—— (96²) _Vide_ Feilden, H. W.

—— (97) On _Cycadeoidea gigantea_, a new Cycadean stem from the
Purbeck beds of Portland. _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._ vol. LIII.
p. 22, 1897.

—— (97²) On the association of _Sigillaria_ and _Glossopteris_ in
South Africa. _Ibid._ p. 315, 1897.

=Sharpe, S.= (68) On a remarkable incrustation in Northamptonshire.
_Geol. Mag._ vol. V. p. 563, 1868.

=Sherborn, C. D.= (93) An index to the genera and species of the
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_Washington_, 1893.

=Shrubsole, W. H.= and =Kitton, F.= (81) The Diatoms of the London
Clay. _Journ. R. Mic. Soc._ [2] vol. I. p. 381, 1881.

=Skertchly, J. B. J.= (77) The geology of the Fenland. _Mem. Geol.
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=Smith, W. G.= (77) A fossil _Peronospora_. _Gard. Chron._ Oct. 20,
1877, p. 499.

=Sollas, W. J.= (86) On a specimen of slate from Bray-Head traversed by
the structure known as _Oldhamia radiata_. _Proc. R. Soc. Dublin_
(N.S.) vol. V. pp. 355, 358, 1886–87.

=Solms-Laubach, Graf zu.= (81) Die corallinen Algen des Golfes von
Neapel und der augrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. _Fauna und Flora
des Golfes von Neapel_, vol. IV. _Leipzig_, 1881.

—— (91) Fossil Botany. _Oxford_, 1891.

—— (93) Über die Algen-genera _Cymopolia_, _Neomeris_ und
_Bornetella_. _Ann. Jard. Buitenzorg_, vol. XI. p. 61, 1893.

—— (95) William Crawford Williamson. (Obit. notice.) _Nature_, vol.
LII. p. 441, 1895.

—— (95²) Über Devonische Pflanzenreste aus den Lenneschiefern der
Gegend von Gräfrath am Niederrhein. _Jahrb. k. preuss. geol.
Landesanst._ _Berlin_, 1895, p. 67.

—— (95³) Monograph of the Acetabularieae. _Trans. Linn. Soc._ [2]
vol. V. pt. 1. p. 1, 1895.

—— (95⁴) _Bowmanites Römeri_, eine neue
Sphenophylleen-Fructification. _Jahrb. k. k. geol. Reichsanst._
_Wien_, vol. XLV. Heft 2, p. 225, 1895.

—— (96) Über die seinerzeit von Unger beschriebenen Struktur
bietenden Pflanzenreste des Unterculm von Saalfeld in Thüringen.
_Abhand. k. Preus. Geol. Landesanst._ (N.F.) Heft XXIII.
_Berlin_, 1896.

—— (97) Über die in den Kalksteinen des Culm von Glätzisch
Falkenberg in Schlesien enthaltenen Structur bietenden
Pflanzenreste. _Bot. Zeit._ Heft XII. p. 219, 1897.

=Sorby, H. C.= (79) Presidential Address. _Proc. Geol. Soc._ 1878–79,
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=Spencer, J.= (81) _Astromyelon_ and its affinities. _Geol. Polytech.
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=Sprengel, A.= (28) Commentatio de Psarolithis. _Halle_, 1828.

=Stefani, K. de.= (82) Vorläufige Mittheilung über die rhätischen
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=Steinhauer, H.= (18) On fossil Reliquia of unknown vegetables in the
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=Steinmann, G.= (80) Zur Kenntniss fossiler Kalkalgen (Siphoneae).
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=Stenzel, G.= (86) _Rhizodendron oppoliense_, Göpp. _Jahresbericht.
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=Sternberg, C. von.= (20) Versuch einer geognostisch-botanischen
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—— (21) _Ibid._ Fasc. II.

—— (25) _Ibid._ Fasc. IV.

—— (38) _Ibid._ Fasc. VIII.

=Sterzel, J. T.= (82) Über die Fruchtähren von _Annularia
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—— (86) Die Flora des Rothliegenden im nordwestlichen Sachsen. _Pal.
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—— (93) Die Flora des Rothliegenden im Plauenscher Grunde bei
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=Stokes, C.= (40) Notice respecting a piece of recent wood partly
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=Stolley, E.= (93) Über Silurische Siphoneen. _Neues Jahrb._ vol. II.
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=Strasburger, E.= (91) Über den Bau und die Verrichtungen der
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—— (87) Die Carbon-Flora der Schatzlarer Schichten. Abt. II. Die
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=Suckow, G. A.= (1784) Beschreibung einiger merkwürdigen Abdrücke von
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—— (91) Note on Mr Barber’s paper on _Pachytheca_. _Annals Bot._
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—— (95) Presidential address. _Brit. Assoc. Report_, _Ipswich_, p.
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=Thomas, K.= (48) On the Amber of East Prussia. _Annals Mag._ vol. II.
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—— (91) Traité de Botanique. _Paris_, 1891.

=Tilden, J. E.= (97) On some algal characteristics of the Yellowstone
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=Treub, M.= (88) Notice sur la nouvelle Flore de Krakatoa. _Ann. jard.
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=Turner, D.= (11) Historia Fucorum. _London_, 1811.

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=Unger, F.= (44) Ein Wort über Calamiten und Schachtelhalmähnliche
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=Volkmann, G. A.= (1720) Silesia subterranea. _Leipzig_, 1720.

=Wallace, A. R.= (86) The Malay Archipelago. _London_, 1886.

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—— (92) Principles and methods of geologic correlation by means of
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=Warming, E.= (96) Lehrbuch der ökologischen Pflanzengeographie.
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=Watelet, Ad.= (66) Description des plantes fossiles du Bassin de
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=Weed, W. H.= (87) The formation of Travertine and siliceous Sinter.
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=Weiss, C. E.= (76) Steinkohlen-Calamarien, mit besonderer
Berücksichtigung ihrer Fructificationen. _Abhand. geol.
Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten_, Bd. II.
Heft 1, 1876.

—— (84) Steinkohlen-Calamarien. _Ibid._ Bd. V. Heft 2, 1884.

=Westermaier, M.= and =Ambronn, H.= (81) Beziehungen zwischen
Lebensweise und Structur der Schling- und Kletterpflanzen.
_Flora_, 1881, p. 417.

=Wethered, E.= (93) On the microscopic structure of the Wenlock
limestone. _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._ vol. XLIX. p. 236, 1893.

=Whitney, J. D.= and =Wadsworth, M. E.= (84) The Azoic system. _Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll._ VII. 1884.

=Wille, N.= (97) Die Chlorophyceae. Engler und Prantl; Die natürlichen
Pflanzenfamilien. Teil I. Abt. 2. _Leipzig_, 1897.

=Williamson, W. C.= (71) On the organization of the Fossil Plants of
the Coal-Measures. Memoir I. _Calamites_. _Phil. Trans. R. Soc._
vol. CLXI. p. 477, 1871.

—— (71²) On the structure of the woody zone of an undescribed form
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—— (71³) On a new form of Calamitean Strobilus from the Lancashire
Coal-Measures. _Proc. Lit. Phil. Soc. Manchester_, vol. IV. [3]
p. 248, 1871.

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_Lyginodendron_ and _Heterangium_. _Phil. Trans._ vol. CLXIII. p.
377, 1873.

—— (74) _Ibid._ Mem. V. _Asterophyllites._ _Phil. Trans._ vol.
CLXIV. p. 41, 1874.

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verticillate strobilus from the Lower Coal-Measures of
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28, 1876.

—— (78) On the organization, &c. Mem. IX. _Phil. Trans._ vol. CLXIX.
p. 319, 1878.

—— (80) _Ibid._ Mem. X. _Phil. Trans._ vol. CLXXI. p. 493, 1880.

—— (81) _Ibid._ Mem. XI. _Phil. Trans._ vol. CLXXII. p. 283, 1881.

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—— (88²) On the organisation &c. Mem. XIV. The true fructification
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—— (89) _Ibid._ Mem. XV. _Phil. Trans._ vol. CLXXX. p. 155, 1889.

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CLXXXII. B. p. 255, 1891.

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1892.

—— (96) Reminiscences of a Yorkshire Naturalist (edited by Mrs
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=Williamson, W. C.= and =Scott, D. H.= (94) Further observations on the
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vol. CLXXXV. p. 863, 1894.

—— (95) _Ibid._ Pt. II. The roots of _Calamites_. _Phil. Trans._
vol. CLXXXVI. p. 683, 1895.

—— (96) _Ibid._ Pt. III. _Lyginodendron_ and _Heterangium_. _Phil.
Trans._ vol. CLXXXVI. p. 703, 1896.

=Wilson, J. S. G.= (87) The Diatomite of Cuithir. _Min. Mag._ vol. VII.
p. 35, 1887.

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1895.

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_Paris_, 1880.

—— (82) Observations sur quelques cuticles fossiles. _Ann. Sci.
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_Bull. Soc. Géol. France_, [3] vol. XII. p. 676, 1884.

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—— (88) _Vide_ Renault, B.

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=Zigno, A. de= (56) Flora fossilis formationis Oolithicae. Vol. I.
_Padova_, 1856.

INDEX.

_Acetabularia_, 165, 166

_A. mediterranea_, 162, 165, 166

_Achyla_, 127

_Acicularia_, 162, 166, 167

_A. Andrussowi_, 162, 168

_A. miocenica_, 162, 168

_A. pavantina_, 167

_A. Schencki_, 162, 166, 168

_Aegoceras planicosta_, 61

Aeolian rocks, 25

_Aeschynomene_, 414

Africa, South, 80, 284

_Agaricus melleus_, 211, 212, 215

Algae, 138–202

_Algites_, 148, 149, 204, 205

Amazons, 66

Amber, 70, 71, 206, 211, 221, 255

America, 182

_Amphiroa_, 184

_Anarthrocanna_, 283

_A. tuberculata_, 386

Andersson, G., 60

Andrae, K. J., 276

Andreaeales, 236

Andrussow, N., 168

_Annularia_, 255, 260, 282, 283, 289, 329, 332, 333, 336–339, 340,
361, 362, 379, 381

_A. calamitoides_, 335

_A. Geinitzi_, 338

_A. longifolia_, 338, 341

_A. radiata_, 283

_A. ramosa_, 363

_A. sphenophylloides_, 340, 341, 363

_A. stellata_, 338–341, 363

_A. westphalica_, 338

Antigua, 79

_Aphlebia_, 142

_Araucaria imbricata_, 101, 104

_Araucarioxylon Withami_, 81, 82

Archaean system, 34–36

_Archaeocalamites_, 254, 255, 256, 263, 285, 336, 383–388

_A. scrobiculatus_, 385–387

d’Archiac, A., 166, 167

Arctic plants, 16, 17

Arenig series, 37

Arran, 88, 89

_Arthrodendron_, 301, 302, 324, 325, 326, 327, 366, 379, 381

_Arthropitys_, 300, 301, 302, 304, 311, 324, 325, 326, 328, 333, 349,
369, 375, 379, 380, 381, 384

_A. approximata_, 371

_A. bistriata_, 326

Arthropod eggs, 108

Artis, F. T., 4, 104, 297

_Artisia_, 104

Ascomycetes, 208, 209, 220

Asia Minor, Coal-Measures of, 282, 283

_Asterocalamites scrobiculatus_, 386

_Asterophyllites_, 264, 276, 329, 332, 333, 338, 369, 371, 379, 397,
409

_A. elegans_, 386

_A. equisetiformis_, 335, 338

_A. insignis_, 397

_A. longifolius_, 338

_A. spaniophyllus_, 386

_A. sphenophylloides_, 397

_Astromyelon_, 342, 343, 381

Australia, 179, 290, 291

Autun, 6, 46, 83, 179, 181, 182, 206, 390, 399

Azoic system, 36

Bacillariaceae, 150–156

_Bacillus_, 135, 136

_B. amylobacter_, 136

_B. permicus_, 135

_B. Tieghemi_, 135, 136

Bacteria, 75, 132, 138

_Bactryllium_, 154–156

_B. deplanatum_, 155

Bala series, 37

_Balanoglossus_, 145

Balfour, Bayley, 178

Balfour, J. H., 101

_Bambusa arundinacea_, 322

Barbados, 188

Barber, C. A., 193, 197, 198, 203, 204

Barrois, C., 146

Barton, R., 80

de Bary, A., 132

Basidiomycetes, 208, 211, 212

Bates, H. W., 64, 66

Bauhin, C., 225

Bear Island, 366

Bentham, G., 98, 99

_Bergeria_, 101

Bernician series, 43

Bertrand, C. E., 87, 154, 178, 181

Beyrich, E., 52

Bilin, 152

_Bilobites_, 148

Binney, E. W., 9, 10, 304, 311, 343, 351, 386, 401

Bituminous deposits, 178–183

Blackman, V. H., 119, 120

_Blandowia_, 231

Boghead, 178–183

Boring algae, 127, 128

Boring fungi, 127, 128

Bornemann, J. G., 129, 130, 148, 177

Bornet, E., 181

Bornet, E. and Flahault, 128, 129

_Bornetella_, 177

_Bornia_, 263

_B. equisetiformis_, 335

_B. scrobiculata_, 386

_B. stellata_, 338

_Bostrychus_, 210, 211

_Bothrodendron_, 133, 134

_Botrydium_, 157

_Bowmanites_, 401, 402

_B. Dawsoni_, 401

_B. Germanicus_, 408

Brazil, 79

Brodie, P. B., 240

Brongniart, A., 5, 6, 9, 11, 17, 18, 111, 112, 145, 177, 233, 269,
281, 288, 289, 291, 297, 299, 300, 301, 332, 336, 351, 390, 391

Bronn, H. G., 118

Brora, 269

Brown, A., 189, 190

_Brukmannia_, 350, 360, 361

Bryales, 236

Bryophyta, 229–241, 243

Bryozoa, 187

_Buccinum_, 159

Buckman, J., 240, 278

Bunbury, Sir C. J. F., 270, 271, 273, 284, 287, 288, 289

Bunter series, 47, 267, 292, 293

Burntisland, 88, 90, 397

_Buthotrephis radiata_, 338

Büzistock, 28

Calamarieae, 255, 295–388

_Calamitea_, 298, 300, 301, 303

_C. bistriata_, 301

_Calamites_, 18, 19, 77, 86, 94, 104, 114, 252, 254–257, 259, 260,
262, 264, 269, 285, 286, 289, 295–383, 386–388, 413

_Calamites_, sub-genera of, 381

_C. alternans_, 378

_C. approximatus_, 369, 370, 374, 378

_C. arborescens_, 363

_C. Beani_, 270, 273

_C. cannaeformis_, 374

_C. communis_, 326, 351

_C. cruciatus_, 376–378

_C. decoratus_, 374

_C. equisetiformis_, 335

_C. giganteus_, 271

_C. gigas_, 271

_C. Göpperti_, 368, 372–374

_C. lateralis_, 276

_C. laticulatus_, 386

_C. obliquus_, 386

_C. pedunculatus_, 358

_C. ramosus_, 363

_C. Sachsei_, 372

_C. scrobiculatus_, 386

_C. Suckowi_, 372, 374, 375

_C. transitionis_, 386

_C. varians_, 371

_C. variolatus_, 386

_C. verticillatus_, 372

_Calamitina_, 260, 266, 267, 329, 330, 362, 364, 365, 367–376, 381,
383, 388

_C. pauciramis_, 367

_Calamocladus_, 227, 289, 328, 329, 332, 333, 336, 337, 350, 361–364,
381, 409

_C. equisetiformis_, 333–335, 363

_C. frondosus_, 289

_Calamodendron_, 300–302, 328, 349, 364, 375, 378, 379, 380, 382

_C. bistriatum_, 300

_C. commune_, 311, 317

_C. cruciatum_, 378

_C. intermedium_, 328

_C. striatum_, 300

_Calamophyllites_, 371

_C. Göpperti_, 372

_Calamopitys_, 301, 302, 381

_Calamostachys_, 339, 342, 350, 351–357, 362, 371, 379, 381, 384,
387, 402

_C. Binneyana_, 351–355, 356, 357, 361

_C. calathifera_, 341, 363

_C. Casheana_, 355–357, 361

_C. longifolia_, 363

_C. ramosa_, 363

_C. Solmsi_, 363, 364

_C. tenuissima_, 261

_C. tuberculata_, 363

Calciferous sandstone, 43, 148, 397, 412

Callus wood, in _Calamites_, 319, 320

_Calothrix_, 126

Cambrian, 36, 37, 149, 177

de Candolle, A., 297

Carboniferous limestone, 40, 42, 43, 387

Carboniferous system, 39–45

Carinal canals, 249, 306, 307, 308

Carlsbad, 123, 126

Carpenter, W. B., 167

_Carpolithus_, 280

Carruthers, W., 9, 10, 87, 193, 197, 202, 212, 217, 240, 304, 351

Cash, W. and Hick, T., 206, 218, 219, 342

Castracane, F., 154

_Casuarina stricta_, 95, 96

_Casuarinites_, 332

_C. equisetiformis_, 335

_C. stellata_, 338

Caterpillars, Liassic, 240

_Caulerpa_, 157–159

_C. abies-marina_, 142

_C. cactoides_, 142, 158

_C. Carruthersi_, 159

_C. ericifolia_, 142

_C. plumaris_, 142

_C. pusilla_, 142

_C. scalpelliformis_, 142

_C. taxifolia_, 142

Caulerpaceae, 157–159

_Caulerpites_, 142, 158

_C. cactoides_, 158

_Celastrum_, 181

_Celluloxylon primaevum_, 198

_Ceratium_, 117

Chalk, 26, 50, 120

Challenger, H. M. S., 65, 66, 101, 117, 118, 119, 122, 151

_Chara_, 69, 223, 228

_C. Bleicheri_, 226

_C. foetida_, 224, 225

_C. Jaccardi_, 226

_C. Knowltoni_, 224, 226, 227

_C. Wrighti_, 226, 227

Characeæ, 222–228

Chareae, 223–228

Charophyta, 222–228

_Cheirostrobus_, 258, 413

_C. Pettycurensis_, 412

Chert, 227

Chlorophyceae, 127–130, 156–190

_Chondrites_, 142, 144

_C. plumosa_, 148

_C. verisimilis_, 146, 147

_Chondrus_, 231

_C. crispus_, 191

Chroococcaceae, 122, 123, 181

Church, A. H., 171

Chytridineae, 216

_Cingularia_, 290, 364

Cladochytrium, 216

_Cladosporites bipartitus_, 217, 220

Clayton, fossil tree, 71

Coal, 44, 45, 68, 76, 92, 133, 134, 178, 179

Coal-balls, 85, 86

Coalbrook Dale, 361

Coal-Measures, 40–45, 55, 84, 85, 217, 238, 256, 259, 261, 268,
282, 283, 296, 301, 302, 325, 329, 358, 375, 376, 378, 382, 397,
401, 406, 413

Coccoliths, 120

Coccospheres, 118–121

Codiaceae, 159–164

_Codium_, 159, 160

_C. Bursa_, 160

_C. tomentosum_, 160

_Coelotrochium_, 176

Coemans, E. and Kickx, J. J., 411

Coenocyte, 116, 117

Cohn, F., 123, 126

Cole, G., 83

Cone-in-cone structure, 83

_Confervites_, 177

_C. chantransioides_, 178

Confervoideae, 177–178

Conglomerate, 24

Coniferae, 232

_Convallarites_, 291

Conwentz, H., 80, 211, 212, 221

Cook, Capt., 122

Coprolites, 108, 135, 137, 182

Coral reefs, 26, 40, 48

_Corallina officinalis_, 183, 184

Corallinaceae, 183–190

Corallineae, 184

Corallines, 159, 169, 184

_Coralliodendron_, 163

Corals, fossil, 25

Corda, A. J., 5, 8

_Cordaites_, 75, 80, 99, 104, 366

Cormack, B. G., 251, 252

_Coscinodiscus_, 153

Costa, Mendes da, 3

Cotta, C. B., 9, 298

‘Crag’, 53, 62

Craigleith Quarry, Edinburgh, 81

Cramer, C., 171, 177

Credner, H., 149

Crépin, F., 109

Cretaceous system, 50, 51, 188

Cromer Forest bed, 53

_Crossochorda_, 148

_Cruziana_, 144, 145

Culm rocks, 42, 68, 383, 413

Cuticles, fossil, 68, 133

Cyanophyceae, 121, 122–132

_Cyathophyllum bulbosum_, 237

Cycadaceæ, 98

_Cycadeoidea gigantea_, 88, 214

_Cycadorachis_, 114, 115

Cycads, 49, 56, 99, 281

_Cyclocladia_, 371

_C. major_, 372

_Cymopolia_, 165, 169, 170, 172, 177

_C. barbata_, 162, 169, 171

_C. elongata_, 172

_C. Mexicana_, 169

_Dactylopora_, 175, 176

_D. cylindracea_, 176

_Dactyloporella_, 176

Darwin, C., 16, 17, 65, 70, 79, 100

Dasycladaceae, 164–176

_Dasyporella_, 176

Dawes, J. S., 297, 302

Dawson, Sir W., 147, 192, 193, 195, 338, 390, 413

_Dawsonia_, 237

_D. polytrichoides_, 237

_D. superba_, 237

Decorticated stems, 105

Deecke, W., 173

Defrance, J. L. M., 172

_Dendrophycus triassicus_, 146

Denudation, 23, 24, 35

Desmideae, 221

Devonian system, 39, 133, 173, 193, 195, 225, 256, 338, 383, 413

Diatomaceae, 150–156

Diatomite, 151

Diatoms, 117, 118, 123, 141, 185

_Dichothrix_, 123

Dicotyledons, 98, 99

Dictyogens, 99

Dinoflagellata, 118

_Diplopora_, 173–176

Dirt-beds, of Portland, 56, 57

Dismal swamp, 74

Dixon, H. N. and Joly, J., 120

Dorset, coast, 56, 226

Dover coal, 45

Drifting of trees &c., 64

Duncan, M., 127, 129

Duval-jouve, J., 247

Dyas system, 46, 209

Echinoid spines, 177

Ehrenberg, C. G., 117, 118, 151, 153

Elaters, 245

Ellis, J., 159, 169

Endophytic algae, 132

Eocene rocks, 29, 52, 164, 171

_Eophyton_, 144, 148

_Eopteris Morierei_, 106

_Ephedra distachya_, 95, 97

Equisetaceae, 19, 244–254, 255, 256

Equisetales, fossil, 254–388

Equisetales, recent, 244–254

_Equisetites_, 254, 257–273, 282, 291, 330, 413

_E. arenaceus_, 268, 269, 275, 280

_E. Beani_, 270–275

_E. Brodii_, 278

_E. Burchardti_, 279, 280

_E. Burejensis_, 280

_E. columnaris_, 72, 265, 269–271

_E. Göpperti_, 386

_E. Hemingwayi_, 259, 262–264

_E. lateralis_, 265, 275–279

_E. Monyi_, 266

_E. Mougeoti_, 267

_E. Münsteri_, 278, 279

_E. Parlatori_, 280

_E. platyodon_, 267

_E. rotiferum_, 279

_E. spatulatus_, 264, 265

_E. Vaujolyi_, 261

_E. Yokoyamae_, 280

_E. zeaeformis_, 265–266

_Equisetum_, 19, 245–254, 258, 262, 263, 267, 268, 281, 282, 285,
286, 287, 290, 292, 297, 298, 304, 307, 308, 309, 327, 337, 346,
360, 381, 384, 388, 390

_E. arvense_, 246, 247, 251, 279

_E. debile_, 95, 96, 97

_E. giganteum_, 245, 297

_E. hiemale_, 270

_E. limosum_, 263

_E. litorale_, 253

_E. maximum_, 245, 246, 247, 250–253

_E. palustre_, 247, 253

_E. ramosissimum_, 259, 265, 270

_E. sylvaticum_, 247, 279

_E. Telmateia_, 245

_E. trachyodon_, 270

_E. variegatum_, 95, 252

_E. xylochaetum_, 250

_Eryngium Lassauxi_, 99

_E. montanum_, 99

Etheridge, R., 200, 215, 290

Ettingshausen, C. von, 6, 7, 311, 332, 372

_Eucalamites_, 367, 376, 379

_Eurypterus_, 371

_E. mammatus_, 371

Feilden, Col. H. W., 211

Feistmantel, O., 284, 291, 293, 387

Felix, J., 399

Fischer, A., 217

Fish-scales, 127, 182

_Fleurs d’eau_, 132, 182

Fliche, P. and Bleicher, 232

Flint, 62

Florideae, 175, 183–190

Flowers, fossil, 70

Flysch, 147, 148, 192

_Fontinalis_, 240

Foraminifera, 26, 161, 163, 175, 185

Forbes, E., 16

Forbes, H. O., 63

Forest-bed, 53

Forests, fossil, 56

Fossil, meaning of term, 67

Fossil plants, determination of, 93–109

Fossil trees, 74, 79, 80

Fossils in half-relief, 77

Fracastaro, 2

Freeman, E. J., 23

_Frullania_, 236

Frustules of Diatoms, 150

Fuchs, T., 159, 164

_Fucoides_, 142, 191

_F. erectus_, 233

Fucoids, 87, 147, 148

_Fucus_, 191, 192, 202, 231

_F. crispus_, 191

Funafuti Island, 184

Fungi, 207–222, 305

_Galium_, 338, 389

_G. sphenophylloides_, 341

_Gallionella_, 153

Gardiner, Stanley, 184

Gardner, Starkie, 58, 240, 273

Geikie, Sir A., 39

Geinitz, H. B., 408

Geological evolution, 53

Geological history, 22–53

Germar, E. F., 297, 409

Geysers, 92, 126

_Ginkgo_, 58, 210, 390

_G. biloba_, 15

_Girvanella_, 124–126, 160

Globigerine ooze, 118

_Glœocapsa_, 122, 130

_Glœotheca_, 122

_Gloioconis_, 130

_Glossopteris Browniana_, 182

_Glossopteris_ Flora, 291, 294

_Gomphonema_, 153

_Gomphosphaeria_, 181

Gondwana system, 46–47, 84, 288, 292, 411

Gondwana Land, 294

_Goniada maculata_, 143, 144

_Goniolina_, 176, 177

Göppert, H. R., 1, 9, 146, 283, 284, 300, 301, 304, 386, 387

Göppert and Berendt, 235

Göppert and Menge, 206

Gottsche, 236

_Gottschea_, 237

Gramineae, 273

Grand’Croix, 80, 137

Grand’Eury, C., 101, 261, 262, 289, 316, 332, 336, 343, 371, 375, 381

Gray, Asa, 16

Greensand rocks, 50, 145

_Grevillea_, 99

_Gryllotalpa vulgaris_, 146

Guillemard, F. H. H., 90

Gümbel, C. W., 171, 176, 188

_Gymnostomum_, 241

_Gyroporella_, 174, 175, 176

_G. bellerophontis_, 175

_Hakea_, 99

Half-relief fossils, 77

_Halimeda_, 164, 185, 202

_H. gracilis_, 164

_H. Saportae_, 164

_Haplographites cateniger_, 217, 220

_Haploporella fasciculata_, 177