Chapter I: Front Matter

Transcriber’s Note: In this text version, the illustrations from the original book (which may be found in the HTML version) have been reproduced where possible, using the Unicode characters for playing cards, dice, draughts etc. For best experience you should ensure that you have a font installed which supports these characters.

FOSTER’S COMPLETE
HOYLE

AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GAMES

Revised and Enlarged to
October, 1914

INCLUDING ALL INDOOR GAMES PLAYED TO-DAY. WITH
SUGGESTIONS FOR GOOD PLAY, ILLUSTRATIVE HANDS
AND
ALL OFFICIAL LAWS TO DATE

BY
R.F. FOSTER

_Author of “Royal Auction Bridge with Nullos,”
“Cooncan,” and many other books
on card games_

ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS
AND ENGRAVINGS

NEW YORK
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY
PUBLISHERS

Copyright, 1914, by
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY

Copyright, 1909, by
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY

Copyright, 1897, by
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY

_All Rights Reserved_

FASC _October, 1914_

PUBLISHERS’ NOTE.

_=This book is entirely original.=_ It is the work of a single author, who has made the subject of games a life-long study, who keeps in touch with all new games, and with changes in old games. He has written the description of each game expressly for this book.

The treatment is systematic and uniform. The description of each game begins with the apparatus and the players, and then follows the natural course of play, step by step, until the end. Each part of the game is described in a separate paragraph, and every paragraph is preceded by catch-words in heavy-faced type, so that the entire work is in the nature of a dictionary, in which any part of any game can be found immediately.

All technical terms are accompanied by a full definition of their meaning, and are printed in full-face type.

All disputed points have been settled in an entirely original manner. Instead of taking any one person as an authority, the history of each game has been traced from its source to its present condition, and its rules have been carefully compared with those of other members of the same family. The times and the reasons for the various changes have been ascertained, and the rules given are not only in strict accord with the true spirit of the game, but are based upon common sense and equity. When official laws for any game exist they are given in full.

The list of technical terms is the most complete ever published.

CONTENTS.

page

A list of terms, 674

Ace in the Pot, _dice_, 617

All Fours Family, 324
All Fives, 329
Auction Pitch, 330
Blind All Fours, 325
California Jack, 330
Cinch, 334
Commercial Pitch, 330
Dom Pedro, 334
Double Pedro, 334
High Five, 334
Old Sledge, 325
Pedro, 333
Pedro Sancho, 333
Sell-out, 330
Seven-up, 325
Shasta Sam, 330
Smudge, 333
Snoozer, 334

Ambigu, 259

American Billiard Laws, 627

American Laws of Bridge, 48

American Pyramid Pool, 631

American Skat, 434

Auction Binocle, 407

Auction Bridge, xxv
Cards Played in Error, xxxi
Declarer’s Play, 22
Discarding, 21
Ducking, 25
Dummy, xxx
Eleven Rule, 13
Encouraging Discards, 22
Exposed Cards, xxxi
Finessing, 24
Fourth-hand Play, 21
Illustrative Auction Hands, 27
Irregularities in Declaring, xxix
Irregularities in the Deal, xxvii
Leading High Cards, 6
Leading Out of Turn, xxxi
Leading Second Round, 9
Leading Short Suits, 8
Leading Small Cards, 9
Leading Trumps, 11
Making the Trump, xxvii
No-trump Leads, 11
Nullo, 26
Scoring, 26
Suggestions for Bidding, 26
Suggestions for the Play, 26
Opening Leads, 5
Penalties, 1
Playing against Dummy, 14
Playing to the Score, 21
Pone’s Lead, 11
Rank of the Bids, xxviii
Returning Suits, 14
Revoke, xxx
Scoring, xxxii
Second-hand Play, 17
Selecting the Suit to Lead, 6
Suggestions for Good Play, 3
Third-hand Play, 12, 19

Auction Cinch, 340

Auction Euchre, 279

Auction Hearts, 354

Auction Pitch, 330

Authors, 500

Baccara, 521
Baccara Chemin de Fer, 526

Backgammon, 590
Opening Throws, 595
English Game, 598
American Game, 599
The Laws, 601
Russian Backgammon, 602

Banking Games, 516

Bank-shot Billiards, 626

Base-ball with dice, 617

Baulk-line Billiards, 625

Bergen Game, _dominoes_, 609

Bézique Family, 374
Bézique, 375
Chinese Bézique, 394
Chouette Bézique, 394
Penchant, 384
Rubicon Bézique, 386
Cinq-Cents, 383
Four-handed, 382
Polish Bézique, 382
Three-handed, 382

Bid Euchre, 287

Bid Whist, 687

Bierspiel, 319

Billiards and Pool, 620
American Game, 624
Amer. Pyramid Pool, 631
Baulk-line Billiards, 625
Black Pool, 642
Books on Billiards, 650
Bottle Pool, 649
Chicago Pool, 633
Colour-ball Pool, 639
Continuous Pool, 632
Cow-boy Pool, 634
Cushion Caroms, 626
English Billiards, 643
English Pool, 639
English Pyramid Pool, 632
English Billiard Laws, 644
Fifteen-ball Pool, 629
Forty-one Pool, 633
High-low-jack Game, 633
Laws of Billiards, American, 627
Little Corporal, 648
Pin Pool, 647
Shell Out Pool, 632
Snooker Pool, 636
Spanish Game of Billiards, 649

Binochle, 395
Melds, 398
Auction Binochle, 407
Gaigel, 406
Three-handed, 405
Four-handed, 407

Black Jack or Lady, 356

Black Pool, English, 642

Blind All Fours, 325

Blind Cinch, 340

Blind Euchre, 278

Blind Hookey, 527

Block Game, _dominoes_, 606

Bluff, _poker_, 245

Boodle, 507

Books on Billiards, 650

Boston, 165
Payments, 171
French Boston, 179
Russian Boston, 183

Boston de Fontainebleau, 174

Bottle Pool, 649

Bouillotte, 254

Bowling Alley Laws, 662

Brag, _poker_, 250

Brelan, 254

Bridge, xxv, 28

Bridge Laws, 41

Bridge Tactics, 28
Doubling, 32
Illustrative Hand, 34
Making the Trump, 28, 31
Opening Leads, 33
Text Books, 59

Bridge, Varieties of, 35
Auction Bridge, xxv
Bridge for Three, 36
Bridge for Two, 36
Double Dummy Bridge, 39
Draw Bridge, 40
Duplicate Auction, 35
Duplicate Bridge, 38
King’s Bridge, 40
Misery Bridge, 37
Pivot Bridge, 37
Progressive Bridge, 38
Reversi Bridge, 40
Short Bridge, 40
Six-hand Bridge, 39
Three-hand Auction, 35

Calabrasella, 489

California Jack, 330

Call-ace Euchre, 287

Canfield, 693

Cartomancie, 513

Cassino, 478
Spade Cassino, 485
21 Point Cassino, 484
Royal Cassino, 485
Draw Cassino, 485

Catch the Ten, 159

Cayenne, 138

Centennial, _dice_, 618

Chance, and its Laws, 651
Concurrent Events, 654
Conflicting Events, 654
Dice Probabilities, 655
Distribution of Suits, 656
Distribution of Trumps, 656
Doubling up Bets, 657
Luck, 651
Martingales, 657
Maturity of the Chances, 652
Playing Progression, 658
Poker Probabilities, 655
Successive Event, 652
Whist Probabilities, 656

Checkers, 577
The Openings, 580
The Four Positions, 582
Theory of the Move, 584
Illustrative Games, 586
Devil and Tailors, 587
Checker Laws, 588
Losing Game, 587
Polish Draughts, 587

Chemin de fer, 526

Chess, 546
The Openings, 557
The Endings, 567
Games at Odds, 565
Knights’ Tour, 570
American Laws, 571

Chicago Pool, 633

Chinese Bézique, 394

Chinese Fan Tan, 528

Chinese Whist, 184

Chouette Bézique, 394

Chuck Luck, 540

Cinch, 334
Auction Cinch, 340
Blind Cinch, 340
Progressive Cinch, 340
Sixty-three, 340
Widow Cinch, 341
Illustrative Hands, 342
Cinch Laws, 344
Razzle-Dazzle, 340

Cinq-Cents, 383

Colour-ball Pool, 639

Commerce, 252

Commercial Pitch, 330

Commit, 503

Compass Whist, 113

Continuous Pool, 632

Conquian, 486

Cow-boy Pool, 634

Cushion Carroms, 626

Craps, _dice_, 614

Cribbage, 442
Five-card Cribbage, 460
Six-card Cribbage, 444
Seven-card Cribbage, 462
Solitaire Cribbage, 700
Three-hand Cribbage, 461
Four-hand Cribbage, 461

Cut-throat Euchre, 277

Dice Games, 611
Ace in the Pot, 617
Base-Ball, 616
Centennial, 618
Chuck-Luck, 540
Crap Shooting, 614
Going to Boston, 617
Help Your Neighbour, 619
Law of Chances, 613
Multiplication, 618
Passe Dix, 619
Poker Dice, 615
Probabilities, 655
Raffles, 613
Round the Spot, 618
Sweat, 540
Ten Pins, 616
Throwing Dice, 612
Under and Over Seven, 543
Vingt-et-un, 618

Discard Hearts, 356

Distribution of Suits, Whist, 657

Distribution of Trumps, Whist, 657

Division Loo, 319

Doctrine of Chances, 651

Domino Hearts, 357

Dominoes, 605
All Fives, 609
All Threes, 610
Bergen Game, 609
Block Game, 606
Draw Game, 608
Domino Pool, 609
Matadore, 608
Muggins, 609
Sebastopol, 609

Dom Pedro, 334

Double Dummy Bridge, 39

Double Dummy Whist, 130

Double Pedro, 334

Doubling-up Bets, 657

Draughts, 577

Draw Bridge, 47

Draw Cassino, 485

Draw Game, _dominoes_, 608

Draw Poker, 208

Drive Whist, 687

Dummy, 127

Duplicate Bridge, 45

Duplicate Whist, 100
Apparatus Necessary, 102
Club against Club, 103
Compass Whist, 113
Foster’s Pair System, 115
Gilman’s Team System, 109
Howell Pair System, 114
Individual against Individual, 114
Laws of Duplicate Whist, 119
Married Couples System, 118
Memory Duplicate, 110
Pair against Pair, 110
Safford’s Systems, 116
Team against Team, 105

Dutch Bank, 527

Earl of Coventry, 502

Ecarté, 293
Jeu de règle, 299
Pool Ecarté, 306

Enflé, 370

English Billiards, 643

English Billiard Laws, 644

English Following Pool, 639

English Pyramid Pool, 632

English Whist Laws, 196

Euchre Family of Games, 263

Euchre, 264
Auction Euchre, 279
Bid Euchre, or 500, 287
Blind Euchre, 278
Call-ace Euchre, 287
Cut-Throat, 277
Five-handed, 286
French Euchre, 279
Jambone, 283
Jamboree, 283
Laps, 283
Laws of Euchre, 288
Military Euchre, 281
Penalty Euchre, 279
Progressive Euchre, 280
Railroad Euchre, 282
Set-Back Euchre, 278
Seven-handed Euchre, 284
Slams, 283

Fan Tan, 528

Fan Tan with Cards, 509

Farmer, or Ferme, 520

Faro, 529

Favourite Whist, 99

Fifteen-ball Pool, 629

Five-card Cribbage, 460

Five-card Loo, 323

Five-handed Euchre, 286

Five Hundred, 287

Five and Ten, 316

Five or Nine, 509

Flat Poker, 229

Following Pool, 639

Fortune Telling, 513

Forty-five, 316

Forty-one Pool, 633

Four-ball Billiards, 626

Four-handed Cribbage, 461

” ” Bézique, 382

” ” Binocle, 407

” ” Sixty-six, 413

Four Jacks, 369

Freeze-out, _poker_, 228

French Boston, 179

French Carrom Game, 624

French Dummy, 133

French Euchre, 279

French Games:--
Ambigu, 259
Baccara, 521
Bouillotte, 254
Cinq-Cents, 383
Ferme, 520
Humbug Whist, 132
Impérial, 476
Macao, 520
Mort, 133
Nain Jaune, 505
Rouge et Noir, 534
Roulette, 536
Trente et Quarante, 534
Vingt-et-un, 517

Frog, 441

Gaigel, 406

General Laws, Card Games, 671

German Games:--
Binocle, 395
Kreutz Mariage, 413
Schwellen, 370
Sixty-six, 408
Skat, 415
Solo, 493

Go-bang, 604

Going to Boston, _dice_, 617

Halma, 604

Hazard, _dice_, 540, 614

Hearts:--, 349
Auction Hearts, 354
Black Jack, 356
Black Lady, 356
Discard Hearts, 356
Domino Hearts, 357
Heartsette, 357
Howell’s Hearts, 352
Illustrative Hands, 366
Joker Hearts, 355
Laws of Hearts, 371
Progressive Hearts, 356
Spot Hearts, 355
Sweepstake Hearts, 352
Three-handed Hearts, 354
Two-handed, 354

Heart Solo, 498

Heartsette, 357

Help Your Neighbour, _dice_, 619

High Five, 334

High-low-jack, 325

” ” ” Pool, 633

Howell Pairs, Whist, 114

Howell’s Hearts, 352

Humbug Whist, 132

I Doubt It, 695

Impérial, 476

Irish Loo, 323

Jack Pots, _poker_, 223

Jambone, _euchre_, 283

Jamboree, _euchre_, 283

Jass, 696
Two-hand Jass, 697

Jeu de Règle, _écarté_, 299

Jink Game, _spoil five_, 315

Joker Hearts, 355

Keno, or Lotto, 539

King’s Bridge, 40

Klondike, 512

Kreutz Mariage, 413

Lansquenet, 543

Laps, _euchre_, 283

Law of Chances, 651

Laws of all Games, 671

Laws, Official Codes for:--
Backgammon, 601
Billiards, American, 627
Billiards, English, 644
Bowling, or Ten Pins, 662
Bridge, 41
Chess, 571
Checkers, 588
Cinch, 344
Euchre, 288
Hearts, 371
Poker, 238
Skat, 435
Ten Pins, or Bowling, 662
Whist, American, 186
Whist, Duplicate, 119
Whist, English, 196

Laws of Probabilities, 651

Lift Smoke, 502

Little Corporal, 648

Loo, or Division Loo, 319
Five-card Loo, 323
Irish Loo, 323

Losing Game, _draughts_, 587

Lotto, 539

Luck, 651

Macao, 520

Man-of-war Billiards, 644

Martingales, 657

Matadore, _dominoes_, 608

Matrimony, 504

Maturity of the Chances, 652

Memory Duplicate, 110

Military Euchre, 281

Misery Bridge, 37

Mistigris, _poker_, 216

Monte Bank, 542

Monte Carlo Betting Limit, 658

Morelles, 604

Mort, 133

Muggins, _dominoes_, 609

Multiplication, _dice_, 618

My Bird Sings, 253

My Ship Sails, 253

Nain Jaune, 505

Napoleon, 307

National Games:--, 414
America, Cassino, 478
England, Cribbage, 442
Germany, Skat, 415
France, Piquet, 463
Italy, Calabrasella, 489
Mexico, Conquian, 486

Newmarket, 507

Nine Men’s Morris, 604

Norwegian Whist, 688

Odd Games, 497

Old Maid, 501

Old Sledge, 325

Patience Games, 510

Patience Poker, 698

Pedro, 333

Peep Nap, 312

Penalty Euchre, 279

Penchant, 384

Pinochle, 395

Pin Pool, 632

Piquet, 463
Piquet Normand, 473
Piquet Voleur, 473
Piquet a Ecrire, 474
Rubicon Piquet, 475

Pitch, 325

Pivot Bridge, 37

Playing Progression, 658

Pochen, 508

Poker Family of Games, 207

Poker, 207
Bluff, 245
Bluffing, 237
Cheating, 229
Draw Poker, 208
Eccentric Hands, 215
Flat Poker, 229
Freeze Out, 228
Going In, 232
Good Play, 231
How to Win, 236
Jack Pots, 223
Joker Poker, 216
Mistigris, 216
Odds against Hands, 216
Patience Poker, 698
Poker Gin, 692
Poker Rum, 691
Poker Laws, 238
Probabilities, 217, 233, 655
Progressive Poker, 248
Rank of Hands, 213
Schnautz, 248
Show-down Poker, 229
Straight Poker, 245
Stud Poker, 246
Table Stakes, 227
Text-books, 262
Thirty-one, 248
Whiskey Poker, 247

Poker Dice, 615

Polignac, 369

Polish Bézique, 382

Polish Draughts, 587

Pool Games:--
Amer. Pyramid Pool, 631
Black Pool, English, 642
Bottle Pool, 649
Chicago Pool, 633
Colour-ball Pool, 639
Continuous Pool, 632
Cow-boy Pool, 634
English Pyramid Pool, 632
Eng. Following Pool, 639
Fifteen-ball Pool, 629
Following Pool, 639
Forty-one Pool, 633
High-low-jack Pool, 633
Little Corporal, 648
Pin Pool, 647
Shell Out, 632
Spanish Pool, 649

Pool with Dominoes, 609

Pool Ecarté, 306

Pope Joan, 505

Preference, 496

Probabilities, 651

Progressive Bridge, 38

Progressive Cinch, 340

Progressive Euchre, 280

Progressive Hearts, 356

Progressive Poker, 248

Progressive Whist, 119

Prussian Whist, 98

Purchase Nap, 311

Pyramid Pool, 631

Quatre Valets, 369

Quinze, 521

Raffles, _dice_, 613

Railroad Euchre, 282

Rams, 317

Ranter Go Round, 508

Razzle-Dazzle, 340

Reversi, 603

Reversi Bridge, 40

Rondeau, 541

Rouge et Noir, 534

Roulette, 536

Rounce, 319

Round the Spot, _dice_, 618

Royal Cassino, 485

Rubicon Bézique, 386

Rubicon Piquet, 475

Rum, 689
Double-pack Rum, 692
Single-pack Rum, 689
Poker Gin, 692
Poker Rum, 691

Russian Backgammon, 602

Russian Boston, 183

Sancho Pedro, 333

Saratoga, 507

Scat, see Skat, 415

Schnautz, 248

Schwellen, 370

Scotch Whist, 159

Sebastopol, _dominoes_, 609

Sell Out, 330

Set-back Euchre, 278

Seven-handed Euchre, 284

Seven-card Cribbage, 462

Seven-up, 325

Shasta Sam, 330

Shell-out Pool, 632

Shooting Craps, 614

Short Bridge, 47

Show-down Poker, 229

Shuffle Board, 619

Six-card Cribbage, 444

Six-hand Bridge, 39

Sixty-four Card Binocle, 375

Sixty-three, _cinch_, 340

Sixty-six, 408
Four-handed, 413
Kreutz Mariage, 413
Three-handed, 413

Skat, 415, 434
Game Values, 421
Scoring, 427
Illustrative Hands, 432
Skat Laws, 435

Slams, _euchre_, 283

Slobberhannes, 368

Smudge, 333

Snip-snap-snorem, 502

Snooker Pool, 649

Snoozer, 334

Solitaires, 510, 693, 698, 700

Solo, 498
Three-handed Solo, 499

Solo Whist, 144

Spade Cassino, 485

Spanish Monte, 542

Spanish Pool, 649

Speculation, 501

Spin, 507

Spoil Five, 312

Spot Hearts, 355

Stops, 507

Straight Poker, 245

Stud Poker, 246

Sweat, _dice_, 540

Sweepstake Hearts, 352

Table Games, 544

Table Stakes, _poker_, 227

Technical Terms, 674

Telling Fortunes, 513

Ten Pins, or Bowling, 660
American Ten Pins, 662
Battle Game, 665
Cocked Hat, 664
Cocked Hat & Feather, 665
“Don’ts” for Players, 669
Duck Pin Game, 669
Five Back, 668
Four Back, 667
Head Pin; four back, 666
Head Pin Out, 667
Kinsley Candle Pin, 669
Newport Game, 668
Nine Up and Nine Down, 666

Ten Pins with Dice, 616

Three-card Monte, 542

Thirty-one, _poker_, 248

Three-cushion Carroms, 626

Three-handed Auction, 35

” ” Bézique, 382

” ” Bridge, 36

” ” Cribbage, 461

” ” Hearts, 354

” ” Binocle, 405

” ” Sixty-six, 413

Throwing Dice, 612

Trente et Quarante, 534

Tric-trac, 590

Twenty-one Point Cassino, 484

Two-handed Bridge, 36

” ” Hearts, 354

Under and over Seven, 543

Varieties of Bridge, 42

Vingt-et-un, 517

Vingt-et-un with Dice, 518

Vint, 493

Whiskey Poker, 247

Whist Family of Games, xvii

Whist, 60
American Laws, 186
Auction Bridge, xxv
Bridge, xxv, 28
Bid Whist, 687
Cayenne Whist, 138
Chinese Whist, 184
Double Dummy, 130
Dummy, 127
Dummy Laws, 206
Drive Whist, 687
Duplicate Whist, 100
English Laws, 196
Favourite Whist, 99
French Whist, 164
German Whist, 183
Humbug Whist, 131
Memory Duplicate, 110
Mort, 133
Norwegian Whist, 688
Probabilities, 656
Progressive Whist, 119
Prussian Whist, 98
Scotch Whist, 159
Solo Whist, 144
Text Books, 99
Thirteen and the Odd, 132
Whist Family Laws, 186

Whist Tactics, 70
Albany Lead, 86
American Game, 94
American Laws, 186
American Leads, 88
Conventional Plays, 70
Deschapelles Coups, 91
Discarding, 80
Discard Signals, 90
Echo in Plain Suits, 90
Echo in Trumps, 86
Eleven Rule, 79
False Cards, 92
Finessing, 92
Forcing, 80
Four-signal, 86
Fourth-hand Play, 84
General Directions, 60
General Principles, 68
High-card Leads, 72
How to Study, 70
Illustrative Hands, 97
Inferences, 93
Inviting a Ruff, 88
Leader’s Partner, 78
Leading Plain Suits, 72
Leading Short Suits, 91
Leading Trumps, 71
Low Card Leads, 74
Low’s Signal, 90
Methods of Cheating, 67
Method of Playing, 61
Minneapolis Lead, 89
Partner’s Duties, 78
Placing the Lead, 92
Plain-suit Echo, 90
Playing to the Score, 92
Returning Partner’s Suits, 80
Scoring, 64
Second-hand Play, 81
Short-suit Game, 91-94
Short-suit Leads, 74-61
Signal Game, 85
Stacking Tricks, 63
Suggestions for Good Play, 67
Tenace Positions, 91
Third Hand Play, 78
Trump Signals, 85
Unblocking, 90
Underplay, 91
Using the Markers, 66
Works on Whist, 99

Widow Binocle, 408

Widow Cinch, 341

Yerlash, _see_ Vint, 493