Chapter III: Last Years and Death

Refusal of some Favour asked by Galileo.—His pious
Resignation.—Continues his scientific Researches.—His
pupil Viviani.—Failure of attempt to renew Negotiations
about Longitudes.—Reply to Liceti and Correspondence with
him.—Last discussion of the Copernican System in reply to
Rinuccini.—Sketch of its contents.—Pendulum Clocks.—Priority
of the discovery belongs to Galileo.—Visit from
Castelli.—Torricelli joins Viviani.—Scientific discourse on his
Deathbed.—Death, 8th Jan., 1642.—Proposal to deny him Christian
Burial.—Monument objected to by Urban VIII.—Ferdinand II. fears
to offend him.—Buried quietly.—No Inscription till thirty-two
years later.—First Public Monument erected by Viviani in
1693.—Viviani directs his heirs to erect one in Santa
Croce.—Erected in 1738.—Rome unable to put down Copernican
System.—In 1757 Benedict XIV. permits the clause in Decree
forbidding books which teach the new System to be expunged.—In
1820 permission given to treat of it as true.—Galileo’s work
and others not expunged from the Index till 1835 299