Chapter XXXV: Ionic Revolt

Darius carries Histiæus to Susa. — Application of the banished
Hippias to Artaphernês, satrap of Sardis. — State of the island
of Naxos — Naxian exiles solicit aid from Aristagoras of Milêtus.
— Expedition against Naxos, undertaken by Aristagoras with the
assistance of Artaphernês the satrap. — Its failure, through
dispute between Aristagoras and the Persian general, Megabatês.
— Alarm of Aristagoras — he determines to revolt against Persia
— instigation to the same effect from Histiæus. — Revolt of
Aristagoras and the Milesians — the despots in the various cities
deposed and seized. — Extension of the revolt throughout Asiatic
Greece — Aristagoras goes to solicit aid from Sparta. — Refusal
of the Spartans to assist him. — Aristagoras applies to Athens —
obtains aid both from Athens and Eretria. — March of Aristagoras
up to Sardis with the Athenian and Eretrian allies — burning of
the town — retreat and defeat of these Greeks by the Persians.
— The Athenians abandon the alliance. — Extension of the revolt
to Cyprus and Byzantium. — Phenician fleet called forth by the
Persians — Persian and Phenician armament sent against Cyprus
— the Ionians send aid thither — victory of the Persians —
they reconquer the island. — Successes of the Persians against
the revolted coast of Asia Minor. — Aristagoras loses courage
and abandons the country. — Appearance of Histiæus, who had
obtained leave of departure from Susa. — Histiæus is suspected by
Artaphernês — flees to Chios. — He attempts in vain to procure
admission into Milêtus — puts himself at the head of a small
piratical squadron. — Large Persian force assembled, aided by the
Phenician fleet, for the siege of Milêtus. — The allied Grecian
fleet mustered at Ladê. — Attempts of the Persians to disunite
the allies, by means of the exiled despots. — Want of command
and discipline in the Grecian fleet. — Energy of the Phôkæan
Dionysius — he is allowed to assume the command. — Discontent
of the Grecian crews — they refuse to act under Dionysius.
— Contrast of this incapacity of the Ionic crews with the
subsequent severe discipline of the Athenian seamen. — Disorder
and mistrust grow up in the fleet — treachery of the Samian
captains. — Complete victory of the Persian fleet at Ladê — ruin
of the Ionic fleet — severe loss of the Chians. — Voluntary
exile and adventures of Dionysius. — Siege, capture, and ruin of
Milêtus by the Persians. — The Phenician fleet reconquers all
the coast-towns and islands. — Narrow escape of Miltiadês from
their pursuit. — Cruelties of the Persians after the reconquest.
— Movements and death of Histiæus. — Sympathy and terror of
the Athenians at the capture of Milêtus — the tragic writer
Phrynichus is fined. 280-310