Chapter I: Front Matter

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The INDEX of this eBook also covers PG-eBook #31345, "History
of the Intellectual Development of Europe, Volume I (of 2),
by John William Draper."
See https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31345

HISTORY OF THE INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPE.

by

JOHN WILLIAM DRAPER, M.D., LL.D.,

Professor of Chemistry in the University of New York, Author of a "Treatise on Human Physiology," "Civil Policy of America," "History of the American Civil War," &c.

REVISED EDITION, IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, Franklin Square.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by Harper & Brothers, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

THE AGE OF FAITH IN THE WEST. THE THREE ATTACKS: NORTHERN OR MORAL; WESTERN OR INTELLECTUAL; EASTERN OR MILITARY.

THE NORTHERN OR MORAL ATTACK ON THE ITALIAN SYSTEM, AND ITS TEMPORARY REPULSE.

_Geographical Boundaries of Italian Christianity.--Attacks upon it._

_The Northern or moral Attack.--The Emperor of Germany insists on a reformation in the Papacy.--Gerbert, the representative of these Ideas, is made Pope.--They are both poisoned by the Italians._

_Commencement of the intellectual Rejection of the Italian System.--It originates in the Arabian doctrine of the supremacy of Reason over Authority.--The question of Transubstantiation.--Rise and development of Scholasticism.--Mutiny among the Monks._

_Gregory VII. spontaneously accepts and enforces a Reform in the Church.--Overcomes the Emperor of Germany.--Is on the point of establishing a European Theocracy.--The Popes seize the military and monetary Resources of Europe through the Crusades._

CHAPTER II.

THE AGE OF FAITH IN THE WEST--(_Continued_).

THE WESTERN OR INTELLECTUAL ATTACK ON THE ITALIAN SYSTEM.

_The intellectual Condition of Christendom contrasted with that of Arabian Spain._

_Diffusion of Arabian intellectual Influences through France and Sicily.--Example of Saracen Science in Alhazen, and of Philosophy in Algazzali.--Innocent III. prepares to combat these Influences. Results to Western Europe of the Sack of Constantinople by the Catholics._

_The spread of Mohammedan light Literature is followed by Heresy.--The crushing of Heresy in the South of France by armed Force, the Inquisition, mendicant Orders, auricular Confession, and Casuistry._

_The rising Sentiment is embodied in Frederick II. in Sicily.--His Conflict with and Overthrow by the Pope.--Spread of Mutiny among the mendicant Orders._