Chapter XVIII: Geneva.--Dissension and Severity (2)

[206] ‘Most vicious prince we shall call, for he neither spared manis wieff, nor madyn, no more after his marriage than he did before.’--Knox, _Ref. in Scotland_, _Works_, 1846, i. p. 66.

[207] ‘His velut machinis admotis, quum regis animum superstitionibus obnoxium labefactassent.’--Buchanan, lib. xiv. an. 1535.

[208] Spotswood, _Church of Scotland_, p. 67.

[209] _Criminal Trials._ Anderson, _Bible Annals_, p. 498.

[210] Norfolk to Cromwell, March 29, 1539.--_State Papers_, v. p. 154.

[211] ‘Daily commeth unto me some gentlemen and some clerks.’--_State Papers_, v. p. 154.

[212] _Ibid._

[213] ‘The verray sempill people understood that as the preastis and pharisyes....’--Knox, _Ref. in Scotland_, i. p. 62

[214] ‘Because they were at the bridal and marriage of a priest.’--Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 623.

[215] ‘Mars 1, 1539, accusatio hereticorum et eorum combustio.’--_Archæologia_, xxii. p. 7. ‘The last day of February.’--Knox, _Ref. in Scotland_, p. 63.

[216] Anderson, _Annals of the English Bible_, ii. 500, 501.

[217] ‘Eorum combustio apud Edinburgh rege presente.’--_Archæologia_, xxii. p. 7.

[218] ‘Lutheranismo suspecti complures capti sunt, quinque cremati.’--Buchanan, _Res Scoticæ_, p. 309.

[219] Lord Treasurer’s _Accounts_.

[220] ‘Sopitis custodibus.’--Lord Treasurer’s _Accounts_.

[221] ‘Per cubiculi fenestram evaserat.’

[222] Knox, _Ref. in Scotland_, p. 71.

[223] Knox, _Ref. in Scotland_, p. 71.

[224] _Ibid._ p. 63.

[225] ‘One frere Jerome, a well learned man, lyeth in sore yerons.’--_State Papers_, v. p. 141.

[226] Scots’ _Worthies_, p. 24.

[227] Knox, _Ref._, p. 65. Spotswood, p. 67. Petrie, _History of the Church_, p. 180.

[228] ‘For many of his minions were pensioners to priests.’--Knox, _Ref. in Scotland_, p. 67.

[229] _State Papers_, v. p. 174.

[230] _State Papers_, v. p. 170.

[231] _State Papers_, v. p. 170.

[232] Spotswood, p. 70. Petrie, p. 180.

[233] _State Papers_, v. p. 177.

[234] ‘Rex provisus jam hæredibus de sua salute securior.’--Buchanan, p. 510.

[235] _State Papers_, v. p. 178.

[236] Knox, _Ref._, p. 82. It is difficult to say what this word _jefwellis_ exactly means. Another manuscript has _josrellis_; another _jeffels_; and a fourth, _Jesuits_. The last reading is improbable. The Jesuits had only been confirmed by the pope the year before, and their name had not yet become a term of reproach.

[237] The _State Papers_, v. p. 125, contain a letter from him to Lord Cromwell, on a political subject, and suggesting that Henry VIII. should give his nephew a young lion, in token of his friendship. ‘He saw one _zoung lyoun_ in Flandris.’ The King of Scotland wished for it, and Scott thought that his wish should be gratified.

[238] Knox, _Ref. in Scotland_, p. 69. Spotswood, p. 71.

[239] ‘J. Hamiltonium ense stricto in se ruentem.’--Buchanan, p. 512.

[240] _State Papers_, v. pp. 188-190.

[241] _State Papers_, v. p. 168.

[242] _State Papers_, v. p. 168.

[243] ‘Ac prolixe de sui regis amore et benevolentia erga eum sponderent.’--Buchanan, p. 516.

[244] _State Papers_, v. p. 198.

[245] ‘Si animum regis largitionibus immensis aggrederentur.’--Buchanan, _Rer. Scot. Hist._, p. 510. D. de Foe, _Church of Scotland_, p. 9. Spotswood, _Hist._, pp. 70, 71. Petrie, _Hist._, p. 181. Knox, _Ref._, p. 77.

[246] Knox, _Ref._, p. 77.

[247] ‘Cæsi non adeo multi, plurimi capti.’--Buchanan, p. 512.

[248] Knox, _Ref._, p. 78.

[249] _State Papers_, v. pp. 207, 209.

[250] Knox, _Ref._, p. 81.

[251] Sadler’s _Papers_, i. p. 94. Knox, _Ref._, p. 81.

[252] Knox, _Ref._, p. 86.

[253] Knox, _Ref._, p. 89.

[254] Knox, _Ref._, p. 86.

[255] ‘Quum circiter 500 equites Angli in propinquis collibus cernerentur.’--Buchanan, p. 513.

[256] Knox, _Ref._, p. 87.

[257] Plures a Scotis latronibus capti et Anglis divenditi.’--Buchanan, p. 513.

[258] Knox, _Ref._, p. 88.

[259] _Ibid._

[260] ‘Velut ad publicum spectaculum per ora vulgi traducti.’--Buchanan, p. 516. Their names and their fortunes are set forth in _State Papers_, v. pp. 232-235.

[261] Lesley says that it was at Carlaverock, but Knox, p. 89, and Pitscottie, p. 174, say ‘Lochmaben,’ which seems to me established.

[262] Knox, _Ref._, p. 89.

[263] _State Papers_, v. pp. 225-228.

[264] Spotswood, p. 71. Knox, _Ref._, p. 91.

[265] ‘Rege in ætatis flore non tam morbo quam mœroris vi extincto.’--Buchanan, p. 515.

[266] ‘Imminere videbatur tempestas quantam vix ulla proximorum sæculorum memoria ... meminisset.’--Buchanan, p. 515.

[267] ‘Multi pro sua cujusque spe aut metu varie disserebant.’--_Ibid._

[268] ‘Minime turbidus, ex amita cardinalis natus,’--Buchanan, p. 515.

[269] ‘Many affirm that a dead man’s hand was made to subscribe a blank.’--Knox, _Ref._, p. 92. ‘Conducto Balfurio sacrificulo mercenario falsum testamentum subjecit.’--Buchanan, p. 515. Sadler, _Papers_, i. p. 38. Lesley, _Hist._, p. 169.

[270] _State Papers_, v. pp. 238, 240. Knox, _Ref._, pp. 32, 94.

[271] Spotswood, p. 71. Buchanan, Knox.

[272] _State Papers_, v. p. 250.

[273] Knox, _Ref._, p. 95. Spotswood, p. 72. McCrie, _Life of Knox_, p. 21. Edit. 1855.

[274] _State Papers_, v. p. 242.

[275] ‘Quum cardinalis non solum repugnaret sed obturbando et alios interpellando, nihil decerni pateretur.’--Buchanan, p. 517. It appears to us that Buchanan, although a contemporary and an eminent historian, is in error here. He assigns this opposition of the cardinal to the month of March in the parliament, while it is evident that it took place on January 26 at the latest.

[276] ‘Communi prope omnium consensu cardinalis in cubiculum seorsum seclusus est.’--Buchanan, _ibid._

[277] _State Papers_, v. p. 242 n.

[278] Calvin, _Harm. de Matth._, xii. 29.

[279] _State Papers_, v. 249.

[280] _State Papers_, v. 249.

[281] _State Papers_, v. pp. 262-264. Angus to Lisle.

[282] ‘The marriage of the said queen, and to contract the same by their said ambassadors.’--_Ibid._

[283] Knox, _Hist. of the Ref._, p. 98.

[284] Knox, _Hist. of the Ref._, p. 99.

[285] _Ibid._, p. 100. Spotswood, p. 72. Petrie, _Church Hist._, p. 182.

[286] Knox, _Ref._, p. 100.

[287] ‘Affuit R. Sadlerius, eques ab Anglo legatus, qui nuptias et pacem publicam procuraret.’--Buchanan, p. 517.

[288] ‘With his fulmination of cursing, and all other means that he shall be able to excogitate.’--_State Papers_, v. p. 286.

[289] Knox, _Ref._, p. 103.

[290] ‘Hamilton, abbas Passerensis, et David Panitarius.’--Buchanan, lib. xv. anno 1543. ‘David Panter.’--Spotswood. ‘David Panteyr.’--Knox.

[291] ‘Great esperance there was that their presence should have been comfortable to the kirk of God,’--Knox, _Ref._, p. 105.

[292] Knox, _Ref._, p. 107.

[293] Knox, _Ref._, p. 107.

[294] Spotswood. Knox writes ‘Ballantyne.’

[295] _State Papers_, v. p. 242. Spotswood, p. 73. In Laing’s edition of Knox it is stated in a note, p. 97, ‘He at last obtained permission to go to his own castle of St. Andrews, under the guard of George, fifth Lord Seaton.’ But the text of Knox, p. 57, says, ‘Was put first in Dalkeith, after in Seatoun.’

[296] ‘He took no heed to them, but to new opinions of heresy.’--_State Papers_, v. 322.

[297] ‘The cardinal ceased not to traffic with such of the multitude as he might draw to his faction.’--Knox, _Ref._, p. 108.

[298] ‘Imminentem universæ papanæ Ecclesiæ ruinam averteret.’--Buchanan, p. 518.

[299] _State Papers_, v. p. 321. Edinb. July 20, 1543.

[300] ‘Tanta seditione quantam ipse vides a cardinale excitata.’--Buchanan, p. 518. Spotswood, p. 73.

[301] ‘Vi publici furoris abreptus.’--Buchanan, p. 519.

[302] ‘Recta Londinum, multis reclamantibus, est profectus.’--_Ibid._

[303] _State Papers_, v. p. 323.

[304] Knox, _Ref._, p. 109.

[305] ‘Ut infamia flagitii minueretur ad vulgus, non propalam, sed in æde Franciscanorum, ... sententiam suam prorex mutavit.’--Buchanan, p. 521.

[306] ‘He received absolution, renounced the profession of Christ Jesus his holy Evangel.’--Knox, _Ref._, p. 109.

[307] _State Papers_, v. p. 333. Sept. 8, 1543.

[308] ‘At that time was our queen crouned’--Knox, _Ref._, p. 109.

[309] _State Papers_, v. 335, 351. Buchanan, p. 524. _Bible Annals_, ii. 529. Knox, _Ref._, p. 110.

[310] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 623.

[311] ‘Their conferences and assemblies, in hearing and expounding of Scripture,’--_Ibid._ p. 624.

[312] ‘Certain priests did eat and drink in these honest men’s houses, to whom they were much bounden.’--_Ibid._ p. 625.

[313] ‘Variarum copia voluptatum ultra omnem mundanorum luxuriam exuberant.’--M. Clamengis, _Ep._ 35.

[314] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 624.

[315] ‘Nisi secundum ipsius piæ matris dispensationem.’--Bernardus de Bustis, Franciscanus, _Sermones_, 1500.

[316] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 624.

[317] ‘Women who, contrary to nature, addressed them to extreme cruelty against him.’--Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 623.

[318] _Ibid._ v. p. 623.

[319] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 624.

[320] ‘Prophesied of the ruin and plague which came upon the cardinal.’--_Ibid._ v. p. 625.

[321] Knox, _Ref._, p. 118. Fox, _Acts_, v. pp. 623-625. Spotswood, pp. 74, 75.

[322] Knox, _Ref._, p. 119. Spotswood, p. 76.

[323] Knox, _Ref._, p. 119.

[324] Knox, _Ref._, p. 119.

[325] ‘Urbe spoliata ac deinde incensa ... multos pagos arcesque nonnullas et villas hominum nobilium ferro flammaque vestarunt.’--Buchanan, p. 525.

[326] _State Papers_, v. pp. 361-366.

[327] Emery Tylney’s Account.--Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 626.

[328] Knox, _Ref._, p. 127. Scots’ _Worthies_, p. 28. Spotswood, p. 76.

[329] Or Leifnorris. See Laing’s note, Knox, _Ref._, p. 127.

[330] _Ibid._

[331] Knox, _Ref._, p. 44. Scots’ _Worthies_, p. 20. _Hist._, p. 129.

[332] Knox, _Ref._, p. 130.

[333] Knox, _Ref._, p. 131.

[334] Knox, _Ref._, p. 131.

[335] _Ibid._ Scots’ _Worthies_, pp. 29, 30. Spotswood, p. 77.

[336] Knox, _Ref._, p. 133. Some MSS. read ‘copestone,’ ‘keapestone,’--‘keepestone.’ Spotswood, p. 77.

[337] Knox, _Ref._, p. 134. Scots’ _Worthies_, p. 31.

[338] Knox, _Ref._, p. 135. Scots’ _Worthies_, p. 31.

[339] This is the first time that Knox speaks of himself in his History (p. 137).

[340] Knox, _Ref._, p. 138. Scots’ _Worthies_. Spotswood.

[341] Knox, _Ref._, p. 143. _Diurnall of Occurrents_, p. 41. Spotswood, p. 78.

[342] Knox, _Ref._, p. 143. Spotswood, p. 79.

[343] Knox, _Ref._, p. 144. Buchanan, p. 556. Spotswood, p. 79. Fox, _Acts_, v. 626. Scots’ _Worthies_, p. 33.

[344] Fox. In Scots’ _Worthies_, p. 34, the name is written, ‘Winram.’ In Buchanan, ‘Viniramus.’ In Knox, ‘Winram.’

[345] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 627.

[346] Fox, _Acts_, v p. 628. Knox, _Ref._, p. 152.

[347] Knox, _Ref._, p. 154.

[348] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 630.

[349] ‘He wanteth the instrument by which he bindeth or looseth, that is to say, the Word of God.’--Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 631.

[350] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 633.

[351] ‘Nulla judicii aut liberæ disceptationis ibi forma fuit: accusator enim ... cum summa verborum acerbitate detonabat.’--Buchanan, p. 538. Spotswood, pp. 80, 81.

[352] ‘Non videri æquum ut pertinax hereticus ... ullis ecclesiæ beneficiis frueretur.’--Buchanan, p. 538.

[353] Scots’ _Worthies_, pp. 35, 36. ‘Viros vos esse bonos et in eodem Christi corpore mecum esse sociatos.’--Buchanan, p. 539.

[354] ‘Fenestra ... tapetibus, stragulis sericis et pulvinis ornabatur.’--Buchanan, p. 559.

[355] Fox, _Acts_, p. 635.

[356] ‘At qui nos tam superbe despicit, intra paucos dies non minus ignominiose jacebit quam nunc arroganter cubat.’--Buchanan, p. 540.

[357] ‘Velut pecus ex hara suæ libidini mactaret.’--Buchanan, p. 540.

[358] ‘Domi cum scortis volutetur; foris in cæde innoxiorum et sanguine hæreticorum debaccharetur.’--_Ibid._

[359] ‘Discesserunt utrimque animis infensissimis.’--Buchanan p. 541.

[360] ‘Leslius ad suos rediit, intolerandam cardinalis superbiam iis exposuit; facile omnes in cædem ejus conjurarunt.’--Buchanan, p. 541. Knox, _Ref._, pp. 172, 173.

[361] ‘Cardinalis arcem suam in usum belli communiebat.’--Buchanan, p. 542.

[362] Knox, _Ref._, p. 74.

[363] ‘Eos quum semisomnes sigillatim evocassent mortem præsentem si quisquam mutiret, comminati.’--Buchanan, xv. p. 545.

[364] Knox, _Ref._, p. 177.

[365] Numbers, ch. xxxv.

[366] Knox, _Ref._, p. 177.

[367] ‘Cadaver exanimatum oculis omnium exponunt, in illo ipso loco unde ipse non multo ante Georgii [Wishart] supplicium tam lætus spectaverat.’--Buchanan, p. 542.

[368] Spotswood, p. 84.

[369] Spotswood, p. 88. The last of July. Knox, _Ref._, p. 205. Buchanan assigns the capture of the castle or the capitulation to the month of August 1547. ‘Hæc in mensem Augusti anni MDXLVII. inciderunt,’ p. 543.

[370] Melville’s _Diary_, pp. 276-278. M’Crie, _Andrew Melville_, ii. p. 66.

[371] Second Book of Discipline.

[372] Buckle, _History of Civilization_, ch. xvi.

[373] See vols. i. and ii. of the second series: _The Reformation in the Time of Calvin_.

[374] This thought was expressed to the author by a distinguished writer, to whom we owe a remarkable _History of the French Revolution_, published a few years ago.

[375] ‘Singulis momentis de Gallica libelli nostri editione cogitabamus.’ Letter to Francois Daniel; Lausanne, Oct. 13. 1536. Bibl. de Berne. Calvin, _Opera_, edid. Theol. Argent. vol. x. p. 63. The earliest known edition of the _Institution_ in French is that of 1540.

[376] _Vie de Calvin_, p. 29. Paris edition of 1864. The Latin edition, speaking of the office of preacher, says, ‘Hoc autem primum recusavit.’

[377] _Comment. sur les Psaumes_, vol. i. p. ix. Paris, 1859.

[378] _Lettres Françaises de Calvin_ (J. Bonnet), i. p. 270. To the Protector of England.

[379] _Lettres Françaises de Calvin_, ii. p. 30.

[380] Registers of the Council of Geneva, Sept. 4, 1536.

[381] _Lettres Françaises de Calvin_ to the lords of Berne, ii. p. 29.

[382] _Institution Chrétienne_, iv. ch. 12.

[383] ‘Iste Gallus.’--Registers of the Council, Sept. 5, 1536.

[384] Registers of the Council, Sept. 8. The church of St. Germain, where the Council assembled, is near the Hôtel de Ville.

[385] Ruchat, iv. p. 138.

[386] _Mémoire de Pierrefleur_, p. 152. Ruchat, iv. pp. 130-160.

[387] Ruchat, iv. p. 142.

[388] MS. Pinaut. Ruchat, iv. p. 158.

[389] Ruchat, iv. p. 504.

[390] _Ibid._ p. 366.

[391] Edicts of the Lords of Berne. _Pièces justificatives_ of Ruchat, iv. p. 500, note 2.

[392] ‘Capitaine de la jeunesse.’

[393] Calvin’s Letter to F. Daniel, Lausanne, Oct. 13, 1536.--Bibliothèque de Berne. Calvin, Opp. x. p. 63.

[394] Acts of the Disputation of Lausanne. _Mémoire de Pierrefleur_, p. 161. Ruchat, iv. pp. 179, 505.

[395] The Acts of this Disputation form a handsome manuscript volume in folio, preserved in the Library of Berne. The author having worked there in 1859, noticed this volume among others. Subsequently, Professor Gaussen, who had had a large portion of it copied several years before, presented the copy to the author. This narration is therefore drawn up from the original text.

[396] _Avoyer_ was the title of the first magistrate of the Bernese republic. The _baillifs_ were the deputy governors of the Bernese dependencies.

[397] Acts of the Disputation. Berne MS. folio xviii.

[398] Acts of the Disputation, fol. xxi. and xxv.

[399] Acts of the Disputation of Lausanne, fol. lxix.

[400] Acts of the Disputation of Lausanne, fol. lxxv. and xcii.

[401] Edition of Erasmus. 1528.

[402] Some authors name him also ‘Caudy’ or ‘Candy;’ Ruchat writes ‘Tandi.’

[403] Acts, fol. xcii.-clxix.

[404] ‘Curia Romana non quærit ovem sine lana.’

[405] Acts, fol. clxxxix., cxc.

[406] Ne Hercules quidem contra duos.

[407] Acts, fol. ccxix.-ccxxi. and cclxi.-cclxiii.

[408] Acts, fol. cclxxiii., cclxxiv., cclxxix.

[409] ‘Quod solius papæ pedes omnes principes deosculentur,’ etc.--_Dictatus Papæ_, Ep. ii. p. 55.

[410] _Institution Chrétienne_, iv. ch. 6, 7, 8.

[411] Acts of the Disputation, fol. ccxxxviii.

[412] Acts, fol. cclxxxvii.

[413] Farel’s discourse begins at fol. cclxxxv. of the Berne MS. and ends at ccci.; Ruchat, iv. p. 361.

[414] MS. of Lausanne, p. 516. Ruchat, iv. p. 379.

[415] Rollin.

[416] Calvin.

[417] Acts of the Disputation, fol. ccxiii., ccxiv.

[418] Acts, xix. 27.

[419] _Mémoire de Pierrefleur_, p. 168. Ruchat, iv. p. 380.

[420] _Pièces justificatives._ Ruchat, iv. p. 520.

[421] Letter from the prince of Soubise to F. de Loys.--_Pièces justificatives_ de Ruchat, iv. p. 508.

[422] Herminjard, _Correspondance_, iv. p. 107.

[423] Herminjard, _Correspondance_, iv. p. 94.

[424] ‘Qui magis negligant Viretum nostrum, Bernatesne an Lausannenses.’--_Ibid._ p. 109.

[425] _Mémoire de Pierrefleur_, p. 110. Ruchat, iv. p. 385. Le Chroniqueur. Herminjard.

[426] Ruchat, iv. p. 374.

[427] MS. of Lutry, p. 77. Ruchat, iv. p. 377.

[428] Herminjard, iv. pp. 62, 92. Ruchat, iv. pp. 365, 411.

[429] Farel’s Letter to the bailiff Naegueli, of Nov. 14, 1536. Herminjard, iv. p. 102.

[430] ‘Malunt in sepulcris Ægyptiorum sepeliri, quam manna edere columnaque dirigi in eremo.’--Bibl. de Neuchâtel. Herminjard, iv. p. 109.

[431] Herminjard, iv. p. 112. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 70.

[432] ‘Bacchum vere nobis præstitit vel Martem.’--Farel to Fabri, Dec. 6, Bibl. de Neuchâtel. Herminjard, iv. p. 122.

[433] Edict of the Lords of Berne, Ruchat, iv. p. 378. Prov. xxii. 6.

[434] Ordinances of Reformation of the Lords of Berne, Ruchat, iv. p. 522.

[435] _Mémoire de Pierrefleur_, p. 166.

[436] ‘Faxit Dominus ut ex omnium cordibus idolatria corruat.’--Calvin’s Letter to Francois Daniel. Bib. de Berne. Herminjard, _Correspondance_, iv. p. 89. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 63.

[437] ‘Fratres qui Genevæ et in vicinia Christum annuntiant.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 71. Herminjard, iv. p. 105.

[438] Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 67. Herminjard, iv. p. 119.

[439] _Vie de Calvin_, in French, p. 29, edit. of 1864. There are three lives of Calvin, which down to the present time have been generally attributed to Theodore Beza. The first (in French), published in 1564, the year of Calvin’s death, is entirely the work of Beza. The second, also in French, but more extensive than the first, is of the year 1565. It is substantially Beza’s, but was published with augmentations by Nicholas Colladon, who was first a pastor at Vandœuvres, then, in 1562, at Geneva, became rector in 1564, and succeeded Calvin in 1566 in the chair of Theology. This life of Calvin was reprinted at Paris in 1864, and the passage we have cited is found in it, p. 29. Lastly, Theodore Beza, in 1575, prefixed to Calvin’s Letters a Life written in Latin. The work of Colladon is perhaps richer as regards facts, although that of Beza is superior in other respects.

[440] Epistle of J. Sadoleto, and Reply of Calvin. Geneva, Fick, 1860.

[441] Calvin’s Letter of Oct. 13 (Library of Berne). Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 63. Letter from the Council of Strasburg to the Council of Basel, Nov. 4, 1536. Herminjard, iv. p. 95. Calvin is said to have purposed visiting Basel, to set its affairs in order. Our hypothesis appears to us to be more in harmony with the letter.

[442] Buffon.

[443] Calvin’s Farewell. Tronchin MS. Coll. J. Bonnet: _Lettres Françaises de Calvin_, ii. p. 574.

[444] ‘Post abominationem papismi, verbi virtute hic prostratam.’--Calv. _Opp._ v. p. 319.

[445] ‘Jam vero confessionem non sine ratione adjungendam curavimus.’--Calv. _Opp._ v. p. 319.

[446] Calvin, _Comment. on Luke_, xxiv. p. 45.

[447] Calv. _Opp._ v. 43.

[448] A version executed by Calvin himself. _Opp._ v. pp. 317-362.

[449] _Opp._ v. 323.

[450] _Vie de Calvin_, p. 30. Paris, 1864.

[451] Calvin on _James_, i. 6.

[452] _Vie de Calvin_, p. 29. Paris, 1864.

[453] ‘Tunc edita est a Calvino Christianæ doctrinæ quædam veluti formula.’--_Vita Calvini_, 1575, narrated by Beza.

[454] See this confession in Latin, Calv. _Opp._ v. p. 357; and in French, in the _Pièces Justificatives_ of Gaberel, i. p. 120. Ruchat, iv. p. 111.

[455] ‘Jam vero confessionem solemni jurejurando ab universo populo editam adjungimus.’--Calv. _Opp._ v. p. 319.

[456] Registers of the Council, Nov. 10, 1536.

[457] Registers of the Council, Jan. 16, 1537.

[458] Archives of Geneva. Pièces hist., 1170. Gaberel, i. p. 102. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 6.

[459] Registers of the Council, Jan. 16, 1537.

[460] Registers of the Council, Jan. 16, 1537.

[461] Registers of the Council, Jan. 30, 1537.

[462] See the Registers of Feb. 5, 6, and 9, 1537, together with the remarks of Flournois appended to one copy of the Registers, p. 1019.

[463] Bolsec, _Vie de Calvin_, vii.

[464] Rozet, _Chron. de Genève_, iv. ch. 9.

[465] Registers of the Council, Mar. 13.

[466] _Ibid._ of the days mentioned.

[467] ‘Videbatur initio Sonerius ægre ferre quod exigeretur confessionis formula.’--Calv. _Opp._ p. 11. Ed. princ. of Geneva. 1575.

[468] ‘Ut plebs decuriatim convocata in confessionem istam juraret.’--_Calv. Opp._ (Stras. Br.), v. p. 320.

[469] Registers, July 29. Rozet, _Chron. de Genève_, iv. ch. 9.

[470] ‘In præstando juramento non minor fuit plebis alacritas, quam in edicendo senatus diligentia.’--Calv. _Opp._ v. p. 320.

[471] Registers, Sept. 19. Roget, _Peuple de Genève_, p. 43.

[472] Dedication of the _Epître à Tite_ (1549). Calvin includes Viret in this friendship.

[473] Saunier, _Ordre et manière d’enseigner en la ville de Genève_, 1538; reprinted by E. A. Bétant, 1866.

[474] _Ibid._

[475] Registers, May 1, 1537.

[476] Six écus are 18 francs (about 15 shillings).

[477] [The French version of the Bible, bearing the name of Pierre Robert Olivétan, one of the reformers, was published at Neuchâtel in 1535.--_Translator._]

[478] _See_ Registers for the days named. As different dates have been assigned, we add that ours are taken from the Registers. We only make this remark, which we acknowledge is of no great importance, that no one may suspect any trickery in the matter.

[479] Saunier, _Ordre et manière_, etc.

[480] Froment, _Gestes de Genève_, p. 239.

[481] _Hist. of the Reform. in the Time of Calvin_, iii. book 4, ch. 8.

[482] _Chronique de Rozet_, book iv. ch. 4.

[483] Registers, Mar. 9.

[484] Calv. _Opp._ v. p. 176.

[485] _Ibid._ pp. 179 and 180.

[486] Registers, Mar. 13.

[487] _Ibid._ Mar. 14.

[488] _See_ ‘Briève instruction pour armer tous bons fidèles,’ etc.--Calv. _Opp._ vi. pp. 49-112; and ‘Contre la secte phantastique et furieuse des Libertins qui se nomment Spirituels.’--_Ibid._ pp. 149-248.

[489] Beza, _Vita Calvini_. _Vie de Calvin_ (in French), p. 31. Paris, 1864.

[490] _Vie de Calvin_, by Beza-Colladon, p. 31.

[491] _Johann Calvin_, by Kampschulte, i. p. 295.

[492] ‘Alter ecclesiæ turbator majores et diuturniores turbas dedit.’--Beza, _Vita Calv._, 1575. p. 5.

[493] Vol. v. book ix. ch. 3 and 4.

[494] ‘Ut quocumque venisset, certa suæ turpitudinis impressa vestigia relinqueret.’--Beza, p. 5.

[495] Calvin’s Letter to Megander, probably of Mar. 1537.--Library of Geneva. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 85. Herminjard, iv. p. 187.

[496] Herminjard, iv. p. 187.

[497] ‘Voluit Carolus ecclesiam catholicam ... semper orare ut resurgant, vitamque futuri seculi corpora defunctorum consequantur.’--Megander to Bullinger, Mar. 8, 1537. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 89.

[498] Ruchat, v. p. 21. Calv. _Opp._ p. 89.

[499] _Vie de Calvin_, Beza-Colladon, p. 31.

[500] Ruchat, _Hist. de la Réf._ v. p. 22.--Calvin’s Letter to Megander. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 85.

[501] ‘Serveti Hispani pessimum errorem confirmare.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 103.

[502] ‘Quod id ne timere quidem unquam in mentem venerit.’--Calvin to Grynæus. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 108.

[503] ‘In simplicissima Dei unitate, et Scriptura et ipsa pietatis experientia, Deum patrem, ejus Filium et Spiritum nobis ostendunt.’--Calv. _Opp._ v. p. 337, and x. p. 83.

[504] Luther, _Kirchenpostill_ (Walch, xi.) _am Trinität_.

[505] ‘Ii quibus tam pietas cordi erat (the opponents of Arius and Sabellius) affirmarunt vere immo Deo tres _personas_ subsistere, seu (quod idem erat) in Dei unitate subsistere _personarum trinitatem_.’--Calv. _Opp._ i. p. 61. Afterwards, Calvin said, ‘Christus ut quatenus Deus est, sit unus cum patre Deus ejusdem _naturæ_ seu _substantiæ_ seu _essentiæ_, non aliter quam persona distinctus.’--_Ibid._ p. 61.

[506] Calvin to Megander.--Ruchat, v. p. 25.

[507] Calvin’s Letters to Megander and Grynæus.--Ruchat, _Hist. de la Réf._ v. pp. 22, 23.

[508] Calvin to Megander.

[509] Calvin to Megander.

[510] ‘Quam ob causam Calvinus Bernam veniens obnixe petit ut synodus cogeretur, quod abnegatum est homini usque post Paschatis.’--Fueslin, _Epp. Ref. Eccl. Helvet._ p. 173.

[511] Calvin, _Opp._ x. p. 95.

[512] Calvin to Grynæus, _Opp._ x. p. 106.

[513] Registers of Council of Geneva, May 5 and 11. The florin was rather less than half a franc.

[514] The synod met, not in March, as has been said (Kampschulte, _Johann Calvin_, i. p. 296), but two months later. See preceding note.

[515] ‘Quomodo jurisconsulti præcipiunt nempe cum _sacco_ paratior.’--Calvin, _Epp._ x. p. 107.

[516] The Apostles’, Nicene, and so-called Athanasian Creeds.--Ruchat, v. p. 25.

[517] Matt. vii. 6.

[518] Ruchat, v. pp. 27, 28.

[519] ‘Quatenus unus est cum patre Deus, quidquid dici de Deo potes in illum competit.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 107.

[520] ‘Tantum nolebamus hoc _tyrannidis_ exemplum in ecclesiam induci, ut is hereticus haberetur qui non ad alterius præscriptum loqueretur.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 120.

[521] Nos in Dei unius fidem jurasse, non Athanasii, cujus symbolum nulla unquam legitima ecclesia approbasset.’--The Genevese to the Bernese Ministers. MS. of Geneva, Feb. 1537. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 83. Ruchat, v. pp. 24-30.

[522] ‘Totum illum saccum nostra refutatione sic exhausimus.’--Calvin to Grynæus. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 107.

[523] Kampschulte, _Johann Calvin_, i. p. 296.

[524] ‘Quantum negotii nobis facturi sint _Galli illi_ ... _seditiosi_.’--Megander to Bullinger, Mar. 8, 1537. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 89.

[525] Registers of the Council, May 24, 1537.

[526] The authentic Acts of the Council of Berne are to be found in Ruchat, v. p. 39. Calvin, _Opp._ x. p. 105.

[527] ‘Ne abjiciamus eum ab ecclesia, aut tanquam de fide male sentientem notemus.’--Formula Concordiæ de Trinitate. Berne, Sept. 1537. Ruchat, v. p. 501.

[528] ‘Megander est Figuri natus, _Simia_ olim _Zwingli_ creditus.’--Conceni Epist. ad Neobulum, Feb. 2, 1538. Luther, _Opp._ Walch, xvii. p. 2602. Hunderhagen-Beylage, ii.

[529] Hunderhagen Conflikt, p. 65. Kirchhofer, B. Haller, p. 219.

[530] Buceri Epist. ad Lutherum, Jan. 19. 1537. Hunderhagen Conflikt, p. 72.

[531] Hunderhagen Conflikt, pp. 73, 79.

[532] ‘Wie ich myn Husfrow z’ Strasburg yetzt sieh.’--- Original Protocols of the class of Brugg. Hunderhagen Conflikte, p. 83.

[533] Descartes, _Réponses aux cinquièmes objections_. Nicole, _Essais de Morale_.

[534] ‘Vitam spiritualem, quam nobis Christus largitur non in eo duntaxat.’--Calv. _Opp._ ix. p. 711. Ruchat, v. p. 502. Henry Beylage, 5.

[535] Nec unquam sensi Christum dominum in sacra Cœna præ sentem localiter.’--Calvin, _Opp._ ix. p. 711.

[536] Formula Concordiæ. Bernæ, Sept. 22, 1537. Hunderhagen Conflikte, p. 90.

[537] Registers of the Council, July 3 and Sept. 1, 1537.

[538] Registers of the Council, July 27.

[539] _Ibid._ Sept. 11.

[540] See _Hist. of the Ref._, second series, vol. i. book 1; vol. ii. book 3; vol. iii. book 5.

[541] ‘_Quibus leni primum admonitione_ ...’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_, _p._ 5.

[542] Register of the Council, Nov. 12.

[543] See second series, vol. iii. book v. ch. 5.

[544] Registers, Nov. 12 and 15, 1537. Rozet, Chron. MS. of Geneva, book iv. ch. 10.

[545] Rozet, _Chron. de Genève_, book iv. ch. 10. _Vie de Calvin_, p. 34, Gautier, _Hist. MS. de Genève_, book v.

[546] Registers, Nov. 25.

[547] Roget, _Peuple de Genève_, i. p. 51.

[548] Registers, Nov. 25, 1537. _Fragments historiques de Grenus. Extraits de F. Rocco_, same date. Gautier, etc.

[549] Archives of Berne. Roget, _Peuple de Genève_, p. 57.

[550]... exultabam, et quis de successu tam bonæ causæ dubitasset?’--Calvin to Bucer, Jan. 12, 1538. Calvin, _Opp._ x. p. 137.

[551] Registers, Dec. 10, 1537.

[552] Registers, Dec. 14, 1537.

[553] _Ibid._

[554] Registers, Dec. 15, 1537.

[555] Archives of Geneva. _Pièces historiques_, No. 1162. The original, according to M. Reuss (Calv. _Opp._ p. 133), is dated Dec. 28. One copy bears date Dec. 22.--[_Editor._]

[556] Registers of the day.

[557] Registers, Jan. 1, 1538.

[558] _Ibid._ Jan. 1 and 2.

[559] Roget, _L’Église et l’État de Genève du vivant de Calvin_.

[560] Registers, Jan. 3. Gautier, _Hist. MS. de Genève_, book vi.

[561] Racine.

[562] This order prevails in the United States of America. In each flock distinction is made between the church, composed of communicants, and the congregation, which consists of all those who, having religious convictions, take part in all the service except the supper. From the congregation the church is regularly recruited; and these two bodies, united in charity together, contribute to the wants of the flock. [This statement is equally true of the orthodox Dissenting churches of Great Britain.--_Translator._]

[563] Registers, Jan. 3 and 4, 1538.

[564] Registers, Jan. 16. _Chron. MS. de Rozet_, book iv. ch. 10.

[565] Letters of Calvin and Tillet, published by the pastor Crottet. p. 38, etc.

[566] _Lettres françaises_, i. p. 2. Cal. _Op._, x. p. 147.

[567] _Lettres françaises_, i. pp. 1-7.

[568] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, book iv. ch. 12.

[569] Registers, Feb. 1.

[570] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, book iv. ch. 10.

[571] Registers, Feb. 12, 1538.

[572] Roget, _Peuple de Genève_, p. 72.

[573] Registers, Feb. 15 _et seq._ _Chron. MS. de Rozet_, book iv. ch. 14.

[574] Registers, March 11. _Chron. MS. de Rozet_, book iv. ch. 14.

[575] Calvin to Bullinger, Feb. 21, 1538 (Archives of Zurich). Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 153.

[576] Actes du Chap. de Brugg. Stettler, Berner Chronik. Hunderhagen, Conflikte, p. 91.

[577] ‘In summa hierum zanggten wir ein gut wyl.’--Actes originaux de la Classe de Brugg. Hunderhagen, Conflikte, p. 101.

[578] ‘Die praedikanten von der Statt assend mit uns,’ etc.--_Ibid._ p. 103.

[579] Luther, _Epp._ v. p. 83.

[580] Kirchhofer, _B. Haller_, p. 203. Iselin, _Hist. Lexicon_. Hunderhagen, Conflikte, p. 105. Hagenbach, _Gesch. d. ersten Baseler Conf._ p. 90.

[581] ‘Quo nuntio perinde perculsi fuimus, ac si Bernensem ecclesiam majore ex parte collapsam audissemus’--Calvin to Bucer. Henry, Beylage, 6, p. 36. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 138.

[582] ‘Sed quid ille aliud potest, quam suis deliramentis invertere Evangelii puritatem?’--Henry, Beylage, p. 39. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 140.

[583] ‘Vultus, gestus, verba, color ipse furias, ut inquit, spirabant.’--Calv. _Opp._ x, p. 141.

[584] ‘Nos ita capitaliter odit.’--Cal. _Opp._ x. p. 141.

[585] ‘Quos ad verbi ministerium erigit, dignos esse judicamus, qui in patibulum tollantur.’--_Ibid._

[586] ‘Bonos viros, qui a nobis probati sunt, non audet coöptare, nisi a tota ejus regionis cui destinantur classe, sint explorati.’--_Ibid._

[587] See _J. Calvins Leben_, by Paul Henry, Th. D., pastor at Berlin, vol. i. Bevlage, 6, p. 40.

[588] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, book iv. ch. 16.

[589] ‘Omnibus ministris qui vicinis ecclesiis præsunt interdictum fuit ne quid haberent negotii nobiscum aut ullo modo commnunicarent.’--Calvin to Bucer, Jan. 12. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 144.

[590] ‘Reddat Dominus Cunzeno juxta id quod meritus est. Qui perdere pergunt ecclesiam, perdat eos Dominus.’--Farel’s Letter to Fabri, Jan. 14, 1538. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 145.

[591] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, iv. ch. 16. Roget, _Peuple de Genève_, p. 82.

[592] Bolsec, chap. viii.

[593] Kampschulte, _Johann Calvin_, i. p. 310. Roget, _Peuple de Genève_, i. p. 83.

[594] ‘Quo jure circumcisio plus haberet honoris quam mors Christi? ... Obmutescere coactus esset.’--Calvin to Haller, _Epp. et Responsa_, p. 102. Hunderhagen Conflikte, p. 132.

[595] ‘Optimum erat remedium quo periculo obviaretur, si ad vestrum synodum fuissemus vocati. Impetrari non potuit.’--Calv. ad Tigur. Ratisb., Mar. 31, 1541. Archives of Zurich.

[596] Registers of the day. _Chron. MS. de Rozet_, book iv. ch. 13. Roget, _Peuple de Genève_, pp. 84, 85.

[597] _France Protestante_, by M. Haag; article Bolsec.

[598] Registers of the day.

[599] ‘Um die Berner zu gewinnen und ernstlich in die Opposition gegen jene (Calvin und Farel) zu verflechten.’--Hunderhagen, Conflikte, p. 133.

[600] _Chron. MS. of Rozet_, book iv. ch. 17.

[601] It was perhaps a reference to _Andrew_ Benoît, one of the founders of the sect of the Spirituals at Geneva. See p. 299 of this volume.--[EDITOR].

[602] Chénier, _Elég._ xxiii.

[603] Valla, _Antidot. in Poggium_, book iii. p. 357.

[604] This is the meaning of the above expression, which has been misunderstood by some writers, who have taken it for a gross insult.--See _Dict. de l’Académie_. Kampschulte, i. p. 310.

[605] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, book iv. ch. 17. Gautier, Hist. MS. book vi.

[606] Rozet, _ibid._

[607] Archives of Geneva. _Pièces historiques_, No. 2101. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 189.

[608] Registers of the day. Gautier, _Hist. MS. de Genève_, book vi.

[609] ‘Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread.’ Ex. xii. 15.

[610] Registers of the Council, April 20, 1538.

[611] Calvin to the Church of Geneva, Oct. 8, 1538.--_Archives de Genève._ Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 251.

[612] ‘Papatus ejuratus; sed extrusa simul a plerisque non fuerant indigna multa flagitia, quæ in ea urbe canonicis et impuro illi clero tot annos addicta diu viguerant.’--Beza, _J. Calv. Vita_.

[613] ‘Veteres inter quasdam primarias familias inimicitiæ, bello Sabaudico susceptæ, adhuc exercebantur.’--_Ibid._

[614] ‘Cum eo usque malum processisset ut civitas privatorum quorundam factione, in diversas partes scinderetur.’--_Ibid._

[615] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, book iv. ch. 15.

[616] _Ibid._

[617] ‘Quibus leni primum admonitione, deinde graviori adversus refractarios increpatione, tollendis, quum nihil proficeret.’--Beza, _J. Calv. Vita_.

[618] Calvin’s Farewell to the Genevese Ministers.--Bonnet, _Lettres françaises_, ii. p. 575.

[619] Michel Rozet, son of Claude Rozet, who was at that time secretary of the council and editor of the Register, was member of the Council of Geneva for nearly sixty years. He was fourteen times elected syndic, and was sent on thirty-four missions into Switzerland, France, and Germany, and to Turin. He concluded several important treaties on the part of Geneva. He was very young at the time of which we are speaking, but as his father played a part there which enabled him to become acquainted with all that took place, no one could be better informed than Michel as to the facts of the period. If there be some touches in the _Chroniques_ which are not found in the Registers of the Council, that does not in any way invalidate his authority. There are some details which a council is unwilling and ought not to insert in its Registers. It is needless to speak of Theodore Beza, who was unanimously elected to represent the Protestants at the famous Colloquy of Poissy, and in honor of whom after his death poets of all nations composed poems in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew to the number of fifty-four.

[620] Rabelais.

[621] ‘Doctrinæ potius animorumque urgeamus unitatem, quam cærimoniis ad unguem conformandis morosius insistamus. Indignissimum est enim ut in quibus libertatem Dominus reliquit ... servilem præterita ædificatione conformitatem quæramus.’--_Catechismus, sive Christ, relig. institutio_, _J. Calvino auctore_, _Basileæ_, anno MDXXXVIII. Calv. _Opp._ v. p. 322.--Calvin printed this work in the year in which he left Geneva; and not after but before his departure; _mense Martis_. See also _Vie de Calvin_ (Bèze-Colladon), b. 30. Paris, 1864.

[622] ‘Nondum ea exstare nobis videbatur ecclesiæ facies quam legitima muneris nostri administratio requireret.’--_Ibid._ p. 319.

[623] ‘Tunc vero acerrime urebat et discruciabat, quoties distribuenda erat Domini Cœna.’--_Ibid._ p. 319.

[624] ‘Omnes tamen promiscue irrumpebant; et illi quidam iram Dei vorabant potius quam vitæ sacramentum participabant.’--Calv. _Opp._ v.

[625] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, iv. ch. 18.

[626] Calvin _sur le Psaume_ xxvii. 3.

[627] Bèze-Colladon, _Vie de Calvin_, p. 34.

[628] ‘Ut magno heroicoque spiritu præditi, Farellus et Calvinus ... aperte testarentur....’--Beza, _Calvini Vita_.

[629] ‘Me non leviter perculsum fuisse.’--Calvin to the Zurich pastors. Pridie Cal. Jun. Henry. Calvin, i. App. p. 82.

[630] ‘Incredibile vobis futurum scio si minimam partem vobis referam molestiarum, vel potius miseriarum, quæ toto anno devorandæ nobis fuerunt.’--Calvin, i. App. p. 82.

[631] ‘Nullum præteriisse diem quo non decies mortem optarem.’--_Ibid._

[632] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, iv. ch. 16. Mém. of Farel and Calvin to the Lords of Berne. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 188. Roget, _Peuple de Genève_, p. 92.

[633] Rozet.

[634] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, book iv. ch. 18.

[635] _Mémoir_ by Farel and Calvin to the Lords of Berne.--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 189.

[636] Calvin, _Institution Chrétienne_, book iv. ch. 12, paragraphs 9 and 10.

[637] Roget, _L’église et l’état à Genève du temps de Calvin_, p. 5.

[638] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, book iv. ch. 18.

[639] Calvin, _Comment. sur Saint Matthieu_, xxiii. 24.

[640] Registers of Councils, April 2. _Chron. MS. de Rozet_, book iv. ch. 18.

[641] ‘Pro retinendo nostro ministerio non minus laboravimus quam si de capitibus nostris certamen fuisset.’--Calvin to the Pastors of Zurich. Prid. Cal. Jun.

[642] ‘Multo facilius tum fuisset, labanti ecclesiæ subvenire, quam penitus perditam restituere.’--Calvin to the Pastors of Zurich.

[643] Eoque rem perducunt, _frustra_ sese Calvino, cum ejusdem sententiæ collegis, ad reddendam _omnium_ rationem offerente.’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_.

[644] Corneille and Bossuet.

[645] Bèze-Colladon, _Vie de Calvin_, p. 35. Beza says the same thing in his Latin Life: Majore parte meliorem superante.

[646] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, book iv, ch, 18. Registers, April 23.

[647] Registers, _Ibid._

[648] Registers, Beza’s Latin Life of Calvin, the French Life, Rozet in his Chronicles, subsequently the syndic Gautier in his History, all report this answer with unimportant variations.

[649] Ruchat, v. p. 66. Trechsel, i. p. 171, etc.

[650] ‘_Scheinbar_,’ Kampschulte, _J. Calvin_, p. 313.

[651] ‘Proinde ingratissima sumus, nisi nos illi devovemus totos.’--Calvin, Omnibus Christi Evangel. religionem colentibus, 1538, _Opp._ x. p. 321.

[652] Calvin, _Préface des Psaumes_, p. ix.

[653] See _Hist. of the Reform._ 2 series, vol. ii. book iii. ch. 6, and Bonivard, _Avis des difformes réformateurs_, pp. 149-151.

[654] ‘Diligenter cavendum monet, ne simul conjugamur.’--Calvin to Farel, Aug. 4, 1538 (Bibl. de Genève). Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 23.

[655] _Préface des Psaumes_, p. ix.

[656] ‘Deposita omni contumelia, prorsus a ducis arbitrio pendere.’--Calv. _Opp._ v. p. 321.

[657] ‘Advertamus ad id quod Christus clamat: non posse servis suis vulnus imprimi, quin ipse sibi inflictum imputet.’--_Ibid._

[658] ‘Ad vos peculiariter sermonem convertimus, O fratres,’ etc.--Calv. _Opp._ v. p. 321.

[659] ‘Sed vigescit potius, florescit, novisque incrementis confirmatur.’--_Ibid._ p. 322.

[660] ‘Partim ut seditiosis illis ipsorum impetu subversis,’ etc.--Beza, _Calvini Vita_.

[661] ‘Tum vero magno cum bonorum omnium dolore tres illi edicto parentes.’--Beza, _Calvini Vita_.

[662] Labruyère.

[663] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, book iv. ch. 22, Gautier, _Hist. MS. de Genève_, book vi. Spon, ii. p. 26.

[664] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, book iv. ch. 18. Registers of the Council, May 7, 10, 16, etc. Hist. MS. of Gautier, book vi.

[665] The Memoir is preserved in the archives of Geneva, _Pièces historiques_, No. 1201.--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 190.

[666] These words were uttered in London, in the House of Commons, May 9, 1871, by Sir Roundell Palmer (Lord Selborne), who made the most remarkable speech against the proposal for separation of Church and State.

[667] Archives of Geneva. _Pièces historiques_, No. 1201.--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 188.

[668] Kirchhofer, _Das Leben Farels_, p. 244.

[669] ‘Cupimus a Bernatibus impetratum ut _fractionem panis_ nobiscum accipiant’ (Articuli ipsa manu Calvini scripti, Conventu Tigurino proposito).--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 190. _See_ Matt. xxvi. 26; Luke xxiv. 30; 1 Cor. x. 16; xi. 24; Acts xx. 7.

[670] ‘Non tamen fenestram ardemus aperire tot turbis, quas jam prospicimus, si aliter fiat.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 190.

[671] ‘Barbaries enim et inhumanitas non ferenda!’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 190.

[672] ‘Continuing daily with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread from house to house.’--Acts ii. 46. ‘Ut frequentior cœnæ usus restituatur; si non secundum veteris ecclesiæ consuetudinem, at _saltem singulis quibusque mensibus semel_.’--_Ibid._

[673] ‘Quum in lascivis et obscœnis cantilenis ac choreis ... e sua ditione tales spurcitias eliminent.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 190.

[674] _Ibid._ p. 204.

[675] ‘Humiliemur ergo nisi Deo inhumiliationem nostram tendenti velimus obluctari.’--Calvin to Farel, Basel, Aug. 4, 1538. _Bibl. de Genève._--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 229.

[676] Calvin to Farel, Strasburg, Sept. 1538.--_Ibid._ p. 246.

[677] ‘Dass sie in etlicher Dingen hatten vielleicht zu streng gewesen, und erklärten sich gern weisen zu lassen.’--Abschied des Tages zu Zurich gehalten. Kirchhofer, _Farel’s Leben_, i. p. 244.

[678] ‘Bey diesem unerbauenen Volk christliche Sanftmüthigkeit.’--_Ibid._

[679] ‘Otiosam enim functionem quidam tueri malunt quam fructuosam, quidam licentiam pro Christi libertate induxerunt.’--Calv. _Opp._ p. 226. Capito to Farel.

[680] ‘Quod vos duo semel tantam urbem reformare non potueritis.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 227.

[681] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, iv. ch. 20.

[682] Farel and Calvin to Bullinger; mid. June 1538. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 20.

[683] Hundeshagen, Conflikte, p. 70.

[684] ‘Octavo demum die, postquam Bernam appuleramus, Cunzenum eo se recepisse.’--Calvin to Bullinger, June, 1538; Henry, Beylage, p. 48. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 203.

[685] ‘Fides ecclesiæ Christi solenniter data.’--_Ibid._ p. 53. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 207.

[686] ‘Exorsus est Cunzenus longas expostulationes, a quibus ad gravissimas contumelias prosiliit.’--_Ibid._ p. 49. Calv. _Opp._ p. 203.

[687] ‘Insanientem in extremam rabiem.’--_Ibid._

[688] ‘Nulla pæne syllaba erat, de qua non litigarent.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 204.

[689] ‘Ille nullis rationibus auscultare, sed crudelius semper debacchari.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 204.

[690] ‘Ex abaco se proripuit; ac toto corpore sic ebulliebat, ut injecta etiam manu retineri a collegis non posset.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 50. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 204.

[691] Farel to Calvin, Sept. 6, 1540.

[692] Calvin to Bullinger. Berne, May 28, 1538.--Archives of Zurich. Calvin, x. p. 201.

[693] ‘Ac ter una hora revocati.’--Calvin to Bucer. Henry, Beylage, p. 51. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 205.

[694] ‘Recepta autem fuerat a paucis seditiosis eodem decreto, quo in Rhodanum præcipitari nos oportebat.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 205.

[695] Calvin to Bullinger, Berne, May 20, 1538. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 201.

[696] ‘Constitit non procul mœnibus collocatas fuisse insidias; in ipsa autem porta considebant armati viginti gladiatores.’--Calvin to Bucer; Henry, Beylage, p. 52. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 206.

[697] ‘Jam unum milliare ab urbe aberramus, cum obviam prodiit nuntius qui ingressum interdiceret.’--_Ibid._ The Roman mile is doubtless meant, which was about 1,614 yards (1,472 mètres, or about one kilomètre and a half). At this distance from Geneva the messenger met the deputation, at Sécheron, where the hôtel d’Angleterre formerly stood, near the country seats Bartholony and Paccard. According to the first arrangement the reformers were to have stopped at a distance of about four miles (or about six kilomètres), probably near the road called du Saugy, leading to Genthod.

[698] Registers, May 22.

[699] Registers of the day. _Hist. MS. de Genève_, by Gautier, book vi.

[700] ‘Tanta gravitate Ludovicus Ammanus, alter legatus et Viretus, qui Erasmi ac suo nomine loquebatur, causam tractarunt ut _flecti multitudinis animi ad æquitatem_ viderentur.’--Calvin to Bullinger. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 206. Henry, p. 52. Gautier, MS. book vi. Kirchhofer, _Leben Farels_, p. 249.

[701] ‘Clanculum illos submisit.’--Calvin to Bullinger, Henry, p. 52. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 207.

[702] Bonivard, _Ancienne et nouvelle police de Genève_, Mém. d’Arch. v. p. 414.

[703] ‘Vandelius ille apud multos gloriose in via effutivit se venenum nobis letale ferre.’--Calvin to Bullinger, Henry, p. 52. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 207.

[704] ‘Ne antequam ipsi adessemus.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 207.

[705] ‘Illis egressis, unus ex præsidibus senatus articulos nostros recitare cœpit.’--_Ibid._

[706] ‘Ad conflandum nobis odium.’--_Ibid._

[707] Most dread, most mighty, high and magnificent lords, etc. The formula employed in addressing the council.

[708] See the _Dict. de l’Acad. française_, and the definition of the church in all languages.

[709] ‘Ita convenerat, ut illo recitante ad inflammandos animos plebis acclamarent.’--Calvin to Bullinger, Henry, p. 52, Calv. _Opp._ x. p 206.

[710] ‘Valuerunt tamen illa flabella ad accendendos in rabiem omnium animos.’--_Ibid._

[711] ‘Potius moriendum quam ut ad reddendam rationem audiremus.’--Calvin to Bullinger, Henry, p. 52. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 206.

[712] Registers, 26 June. Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_. Gautier, _Hist. MS. de Genève_.

[713] ‘Nisi forte quod duplo aut triplo malum, quam antea, deterius recruduit.’--Calvin to Bullinger, Henry, p. 53. Calv. _Opp._ x. 207.

[714] ‘Ut mature exsurgat.’--Calvin to Bullinger, Henry, p. 54 Calv. _Opp._ x. 208.

[715] _Chron. MS. de Genève_, book iv. ch. 15, 22, 26.

[716] Gautier, _Hist. MS. de Genève_, book vi.

[717] ‘Nos nullæ fere veniæ dignos, si tam justam vocationem abnueremus.’--Calvin to Viret. _Bibl. de Genève._ Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 202.

[718] ‘O scintillantes igne Satanæ oculos et accensum studium in vestrum ministerium dejiciendum.’--Grynæus to Calvin and Farel. Calvin, _Epp._ x. 196.

[719] ‘Pro eximio monumento Ecclesiæ nostræ complectimur.’--Grynæus to Calvin, 1540.

[720] ‘Claudio Feræo quem _mecum vidisti Basileæ_.’--Calvin, _Epp._ p. 25, Mar. 1541, ed. 1575.

[721] ‘Servi simus pacis et concordiæ.’--Calvin, _Epp._ 11. _Opp._ x. 276.

[722] Calvin to Viret, Basel, June 14, 1538. _Bibl. de Genève._

[723] _Lettres françaises_, i. p. 9.

[724] Jean Zwick to Bullinger, May 17, 1538.

[725] ‘Veniemus quo tu voles,’ etc.--Calvin, _Epp._ p. 6. _Opp._ x. 67.

[726] Bonnet, _Lettres françaises de Calvin_, i. p. 9.

[727] Bonnet, _Lettres françaises de Calvin_, p. 10.

[728] ‘De integro tamen excusari, quoniam et adhibere non poteram.’--Calvin to Farel, Henry. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 236.

[729] ‘Classis neocomensis ad ecclesias vicinas.’ April 29, 1541.

[730] ‘Licet valde refragati simus.’--Farel. Pastoribus Tigur. Apr. 30, 1541.

[731] ‘Solitæ tunc festinationi.’--Calvin to Farel, Aug. 4, 1538 (_Bibl. de Genève_). Calv. _Opp._ x. 228.

[732] Calvin, _Préface des Psaumes_.

[733] _Ibid._

[734] ‘Strenue Lutetiæ pro veritate depugnasset.’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_.

[735] ‘Miserrimi diei tormenta excipiunt acerbiores noctis cruciatus.’--Calvin. _Epp._ p. 10. _Opp._ x. 273.

[736] ‘Suspicio cui velim nolim cogor locum aliquem dare.’--_Ibid._

[737] _Lettres françaises_, i. p. 23.

[738] Calvin, _Opp._ x. 266.

[739] Rather less than a hundred and fifty francs, which would be equivalent to more than two thousand francs of the present day; or about eighty pounds sterling.

[740] Maimbourg, _Histoire du Calvinisme_, book i.

[741] Calvin to Farel. Aug. 4, 1538. _Bibl. de Genève._ Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 228.

[742] Roget, _Peuple de Genève_, p. 117.

[743] Registers of the Council. Rozet, _Chron. de Genève_. Gautier, _Hist. MS. de Genève_. Roget, _Peuple de Genève_, etc.

[744] _Lettres françaises_, i. p. 11. See also Rozet, _Chron. de Genève_, iv. ch. 26.

[745] Calvin, _Opp._ x. p. 275.

[746] _Archives de Genève._ Letters of Farel, of June 19, August 7, and November 8. Roget, _Peuple de Genève_, p. 136. Calvin, _Opp._ x. p. 210.

[747] Fl. Raemond, _Naissance de l’hérésie_, book vii. ch. i.

[748] ‘Quibus tamquam lucidis gemmis, illa tua ecclesia fulgebat.’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_, p. 6.

[749] Bochrich, _Mittheilungen aus der Gesch. der Ev. Kirch des Elsass_, iii, p. 133.

[750] ‘Gallicam ecclesiam, constituta ecclesiastica disciplina plantavit.’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_, p. 6. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 288.

[751] Letters of Calvin to Farel, 1538, etc. (_Bibl. de Genève._) Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 273. Raemond, in _loc. cit._

[752] Calvin’s epistle to Grynæus, prefixed to the Comment. on Ep. to the Romans.

[753] ‘Theologiam illic docuit magno cum doctorum omnium applausu.’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_, p. 6.

[754] _De la Cène._ Calv. _Opp._ v. pp. 439, 440.

[755] Calv. _Opp._ v. pp. 458-460.

[756] ‘Salutabis Sturmium et Johannem Calvinum reverenter, quorum libellos cum singulari voluptate legi.’--Luther, _Epp._ v. p. 211. Calv. _Opp._ x. 402.

[757] ‘Helvetii si idem facerent, jam pax esset in hac controversia.’ The same thought was expressed by several churches. (Mecklenburg, Churpfälz, Würtemberg, Pommern, etc., Kirchenordnungen.)

[758] ‘Quod ex Gallia multi propter Calvinum accesserunt studiosi adolescentes atque etiam litterati viri.’--Sturm, _Antipapp._ vi. p. 21.

[759] ‘Ea enim mea nunc est conditio, ut _assem_ a me numerare nequeam.’--Calv. _Epp._ edit. of 1575, p. 12. _Opp._ x. 332.

[760] Calvin to Farel. (_Bibl. de Genève._) _Opp._ x. 315.

[761] Calvin on Romans xii. 10; 1 John v. 1.

[762] Calvin to Bullinger, Strasburg, Mar. 12. (_Bibl. de Genève._)

[763] ‘Quia profectum nullum videt, mortem precatur.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 331.

[764] ‘Pergamus tamen usque ad ultimum spiritum.’--Calv. _Epp._, Mar. 1539.

[765] Calvin’s Letter to Farel, Aug. 4, 1538. Calv. _Opp._ x. 229. Registers of the Council of Sept. 10, Nov. 28, and Dec. 26, 27, and 31. Rozet, _Chron. de Genève_, book iv. ch. 24. Gautier, _Hist. MS. de Genève_, book vi. p. 332. Roget, _Hist._ pp. 123, 124.

[766] See their titles, _France Protestante_, vii, p. 60.

[767] Registers of the Council, Dec. 23 and 27, 1538. Rozet, iv. 26. Roget, p. 140. Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 275.

[768] Registers, Dec. 24 and 27 and Jan. 8 and 9. Rozet, Gautier, _loc. cit._

[769] Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 354. Letter of June 24, 1539, to the Church of Geneva. ‘Nisi Calvinus serio monuisset ne ob istud ἀδιάφορον litem moverent.’--Beza, _Calvini Vita_, p. 6.

[770] See second series, vol. ii. book iii. ch. 15.

[771] Book iv. ch. 28. Gautier, book vi. Registers of the day.

[772] Rozet, _Chron. de Genève_, book iv. ch. 27.

[773] ‘Cum Philippo fuit mihi multis de rebus colloquium.’--Calv. _Epp._, Mar. 1539. _Opp._ x. p. 331.

[774] ‘Iis sine controversia ipse quidem assentitur.’--_Ibid._

[775] ‘Qui crassius aliquid requirunt; atque id tanta pervicacia, ne dicam tyrannide.’--_Ibid._

[776] ‘Ut in tanta tempestate ventis adversis aliquantum abscondamur.’--Calv. _Epp._, Mar. 1539. _Opp._ x. p. 331.

[777] ‘Formam quam tenent non procul esse a Judaismo.’--_Epp._, April 1539. _Opp._ x. p. 340.

[778] ‘Nimis abundarent in ritibus illis aut ineptis aut certe super vacuis.’--_Ibid._

[779] ‘Nec sane justas esse puto discidii causas.’--_Epp._, April 1539. _Opp._ x. p. 340.

[780] ‘Quod mollitiem animi ejus suspectam habeant.’--_Ibid._ p. 328.

[781] ‘Rex ipse vix dimidia ex parte sapit.’--_Epp._, April 1539. _Opp._ x. p. 340.

[782] ‘Habet mutilum et semilacerum Evangelium, ecclesiam vero multis adhuc nugis refertam.’--_Ibid._

[783] John Lambert.

[784] To Farel, June 21, 1540.

[785] ‘Post hoc vexit asinus quidam ... qui fune quodam post se trahebat Cæsarem et Papam.’--_Corp. Reform._ iii. p. 640.

[786] ‘Asinum stantem duobus pedibus.’--Luther, _Epp._ v. p. 172.

[787] ‘Observata ejus temporis occasione, destitutum tantis pastoribus, gregem facile se intercepturum arbitratus.’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_, p. 6.

[788] Registers, June 7, 1540.

[789] ‘Sadoletus magna eloquentia homo sed qua imprimis ad opprimendam veritatis lucem abutetur.’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_, p. 6.

[790] Bèze-Colladon, _Vie de Calvin_, p. 38.

[791] See ‘Sadoleti Epistola ad Genevates.’--_Calvini Opera_, v. pp. 365-384. We cite the French edition, published at Geneva, 1860.

[792] Kampschulte, _Johann Calvin_, p. 353.

[793] ‘Magnum civitati in eo rerum statu damnum.’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_, p. 6.

[794] Registers, Mar. 27, 28, etc. Rozet, _Chron. MS._ book iv. ch. 28. Roget, p. 147.

[795] Registers of the day. Rozet, _Chron. MS._ book iv. ch. 28. Gautier.

[796] Roget, i. p. 163.

[797] Registers, April 29, 1539. Report to the Lords of Berne. Rozet. Gaberel.

[798] ‘Omnium injuriarum oblitus.’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_, p. 6.

[799] Bèze-Colladon, _Vie de Calvin_, p. 39.

[800] The original of this letter is in Latin. See Calv. _Opp._ v. pp. 385-416. Calvin translated it into French in 1540. Edition of Geneva, 1860.

[801] Calvin puts this passage into the mouth of any one of the reformed appearing before the supreme tribunal:--‘Neque iis qui prædicatione nostra edocti ad eamdem nobiscum causam accesserint, deerit quod pro se loquantur quando hæc _cuique_ parata erit defensio: Ego,’ etc. But there is no doubt that he is relating his own history.--EDITOR.

[802] ‘Sadoleto optarem ut crederet Deum esse creatorem hominum, etiam extra Italiam.’--Luther, _Epp._ v. p. 211. _Calvini Opera_, x. p. 402.

[803] ‘Ad tolerantiam adversus improbos ... et ad Dei invocationem imprimis exhortetur.’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_, p. 7.

[804] Calvin’s letters to Farel, Sept. 1539, Oct. 8, 1539, and April 10, 1540. Calv. _Opp._ x. pp. 374-401.

[805] Ruchat, _Hist. de la Réform._ v. p. 134.

[806] Rozet, _Chron MS._ book iv. ch. xxxiii. Gautier, _Hist. MS._ vi. p. 356, says,--‘There were some ex-priests who visited at certain houses, and whose proceedings were greatly suspected.’ We quote from a copy revised by Gautier himself, which belongs to a member of his family.

[807] Gautier, _Hist. MS._ iv. p. 356.

[808] Registers, Sept. 15 and 22, 1589. Rozet, _Chron. MS._ book iv. ch. xxxiii. Gautier, book vi. pp. 356, 357. Gaberel, _Pièces Justificatives_. Roget, _Peuple de Genève_, p. 157.

[809] Gautier, interpreting this speech, makes him say,--‘I do not pride myself on making a sect apart.’

[810] ‘Sed centum potius aliæ mortes quam ilia crux, in qua millies quotidie pereundum esset.’--Calvin to Farel, Strasburg, Mar. 29, 1540. _Opp._ ix. p. 259.

[811] ‘Cur non potius ad crucem?’--Calvin to Viret, Strasburg, May 19, 1540. _Bibl. de Genève._

[812] Calvin to Farel, Strasburg, Oct. 1540. _Bibl. de Genève._

[813] ‘Ut expeditior multis tricis, Domino vacare possim.’--Calv. _Opp._ ix. Bonnet, _Récits du seizième Siècle_, p. 81.

[814] Calvin on _Ephes._ v. 28-33.

[815] ‘Non sum enim ex insano amatorum genere, qui vitia etiam exosculantur, ubi semel forma capti sunt.’--Calv. _Opp._ x. p. 348.

[816] ‘Meministi illud Phillippi _cogitare te de_ accipienda uxore.’--Fontanius to Calvin, Jan. 1541. Bonnet, _Récits_.

[817] ‘Lectissima femina,’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_, p. 13.

[818] _Bulletin de Protestantisme français._

[819] Beza-Colladon, _Vie de Calvin_, p. 4.

[820] ‘Optima socia vitæ.’--Calvin to Viret, April 7, 1549. _Epp._ edition of 1575, p. 84.

[821] ‘Fida quidem ministerii mei adjutrix fuit. Ab ea ne minimum quidem impedimentum unquam sensi.... Hæc animi magnitudo,’ etc.--_Ibid._

[822] _Lettres françaises de Calvin_, i. p. 28, to Du Tailly, July 1540.

[823] ‘Advenerat illud tempus quo constituerat Dominus Genevensis Ecclesiæ misereri.’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_, p. 7.

[824] Gautier, _Hist. MS. de Genève_, book vi. p. 341.

[825] Rozet, _Chron. MS._ book iv. ch. xxix. Gautier, _Hist. MS._ book vi. Registers of the Council.

[826] Registers, July 9, 24, and 25, August 5 and 6. Rozet, book iv. ch. xxxi. Gautier.

[827] Registers of the day.

[828] Rozet, _Chron._ book iv. ch. xxxv. Registers. Gautier.

[829] Beza-Colladon, _Vie de Calvin_, p. 44.

[830] Registers. Rozet, Gautier, Roget.

[831] _Chron. de Rozet_, book iv. ch. xxxix. Gautier, Deposition of Witnesses. Roget.

[832] Bonivard, _Ancienne et nouvelle police de Genève_, pp. 48-51. Rozet, _Chron. MS._ ch. xxxix. Gautier, _Hist. MS._

[833] Rozet, _Chron. MS._ book iv. ch. xl.

[834] Bonivard, _Ancienne et nouvelle police de Genève_, p. 51. See also Registers, Gautier, Bill of Indictment.

[835] Gautier, _Hist. MS._ book vi. p. 393. Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, book iv. ch. xli.

[836] Rozet, _Chron. MS. de Genève_, book iv, ch. xli.

[837] ‘Zwei Tage später hielten die Sieger (die Frömme) in dem Rathhaus ein öffentliches Freudenmahl.’--Kampschulte, _Johann Calvin_, p. 303. This _Freudenmahl_ is a fable which the German writer too readily accepted.

[838] ‘His veluti spumæ sordibus ejectis, civitas Farellum suum et Calvinum cœpit requirere.’--Beza, _Vita Calvini_, p. 7.

Transcriber’s Note:

1. Obvious spelling, punctuation and printer’s errors have been silently corrected.

2. Italics are shown as _xxx_, bold print is shown as =xxx=.

3. Unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.