Chapter III: Part 3

SYN. Papilio (Nymph. Gemm.) Terea, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 1, 2. _Fab. Ent.
Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 92. _No._ 288. _Cramer_, _pl._ 138. _fig._ E. F.
_Encyl. Méth._ ix. _p._ 314. (Vanessa T.)

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen greenish brown. The
shoulders of all the wings surrounded by a broad patch of a yellowish
brown; joining to this is a yellow clay-coloured bar, rising near the
anterior edges. The remaining part of the wings is occupied by a dusky
black border, situated along the external edges; having some very small
white spots thereon, whereof four are placed near the tips.

_Under Side._ Palpi, legs, breast, and sides pale clay-coloured. Anterior
wings pale clay-coloured; having three irregular indented bars crossing
them, from the anterior to the posterior edges. Along the external edges
is a dark cloud, whereon are four or five exceeding small white eyes, and
a small white spot like an arrow's point near the tips. Posterior wings
pale clay-coloured, clouded along the external edges, where there are
three exceeding small white eyes. A small reddish line crosses these
wings from the abdominal corners to the middle of the anterior edges. All
the wings are dentated; the anterior being a little angulated.

This butterfly, according to Mr. Smeathman, delights to sport in the sunshine, and is frequently found in company with Pieris Calypso about cultivated spots, as old rice plantations and cassava grounds.

NYMPHALIS OPIS.

Plate XVIII. fig. 5, 6.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Sw._

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Latr. God._ Papilio (Nymphalis), _Linn._

NYMPHALIS OPIS. Alis supra fuscis, fasciâ communi caracteribusque
ochraceis; anticis strigâ punctorum alborum. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 6
lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Opis. _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. _Cramer_, _pl._
138. _fig._ A. B. _Encyl. Méth._ ix. _p._ 381. _No._ 104. (Nymphalis O.)

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ brown. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown. Wings dark
brown, or chocolate colour, formed into divisions by lines of a yellowish
colour crossing and intersecting them in various directions. A yellow bar
rises on the anterior wings, near the middle, and crossing them and the
posterior, meets at the extremity of the body. Close to where the bar
rises on the anterior wings are six very small white spots, placed
between the nerves, reaching to the anterior edges.

_Under Side._ Palpi, breast, and sides greyish brown. Anterior wings
greyish, clouded with red brown, particularly at the tips; on the middle
of the external edges is a patch of yellow, and on the {36}middle of the
posterior edges is a patch of a pale clay colour, with six small white
spots. Posterior wings having a third part, next the shoulders, greyish
and dark brown; the remainder pale clay, with a reddish brown patch next
the upper corners; from whence runs an undulated brown line to the
abdominal edges at the extremity of the body, and another fainter along
the external edges. The wings are dentated.

PLATE XIX.

NYMPHALIS CÆNIS [male].

Plate XIX. fig. 1, 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Schrank. Latr. God. Boisd._ Papilio (Dan. Cand.),
_Linn, &c._

NYMPHALIS CÆNIS. Alis subrotundatis albis, margine postico et ante hunc
marginem lineâ angulatâ maculisque nigris; subtus omnibus strigâ communi
brunneâ. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Cænis, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. _Encycl. Méth._
ix. _p._ 142. _No._ 85. (Pieris C.)

Nymphalis amphiceda, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. 113. _No._ 348. [female].
_Cramer_, _pl._ 146. D. E. _Enc. Méth._ ix. 384. 113.

HABITAT: Calabar, Africa.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Eyes red brown. Thorax greenish. Abdomen
sooty brown. Wings white, having a narrow border running along the
external edges of a soot brown; over which is an indented, angulated,
black line, appearing in some places like two points of arrows united.
Along the anterior edges of the anterior wings also runs an exceeding
narrow black line.

_Under Side._ Palpi, breast, sides, and legs white. Wings white; being
divided as it were by a brown line, which, beginning near the middle of
the anterior edges of the anterior wings, and crossing them and the
posterior, meets near the abdominal corners. The inner part of the
division having many brown lines thereon, shaped like angles, circles,
&c. A faint angulated brown line runs along the external edges of all the
wings; whereon are some short faint brown streaks placed on the upper
angles. The wings are a little dentated.

NYMPHALIS MELICERTA.

Plate XIX. fig. 3, 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Latr. God._ Papilio (Nymph. Phal.), _Linn. Drury_.

NYMPHALIS MELICERTA. Alis denticulatis utrinque fusco-nigris, fasciâ latâ
strigisque albis, anticarum basi maculâ cuneiformi albâ. (Expans. Alar. 2
unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Melicerta, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. _Herbst.
Pap. tab._ 238. _f._ 5. 6.

Nymphalis Melinoe, _Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 432. _No._ 261.

Papilio Blandina, _Cramer_, _pl._ 237. _fig._ E. F.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen dark brown. Anterior
wings sooty brown, with two white narrow lines running along the external
edges. From the shoulders runs a long white streak to the middle of the
wing, and a small one at the end of it; where are also six other white
streaks placed transversely, one of which is very small. Posterior wings
sooty brown, having the two narrow lines continued along the external
edges from the anterior wings. A broad straight white bar crosses these
{37}wings, being a little indented on the lower side; beginning at the
anterior edges near the upper corners, and meeting at the body on the
abdominal edges.

_Under Side._ Palpi, breast, sides, and legs ash-coloured; all the white
parts appearing broader and larger on this side than on the upper; the
lines along the external edges are broader, and the dark parts of the
wings have a few whitish marks on them that are not seen on the other
side. The wings are a little dentated.

The Melicerta of Fabricius and the Encyclopédie Méthodique appears to be a distinct species, having the base of the anterior wings spotted with white. I have restored Drury's name to the present insect, as it has the priority.

ANTHOCARIS ARETHUSA.

Plate XIX. fig. 5, 6.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Papilionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. ANTHOCARIS, _Boisduval_. Pieris, _Latr. &. God._ Papilio (Dan.
Cand.) _Drury_.

ANTHOCARIS ARETHUSA. Alis rotundatis integerrimis albidis; supra anticis
apice maculâque, posticis strigâ incurvâ punctisque marginalibus fuscis;
anticarum subtus apice fulvo. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 10 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Arethusa, _Drury_, _Append. vol._ 2. _Boisduval
Hist. Nat. Lepidopt._ 1. _p._ 582. (Anthocaris A.)

Pieris Amytis, _Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 123. (Exclus. Syn. _Crameri_.)

Pieris Evippe, [female]. _Enc. Méth. Sup. p._ 805.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ brown. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown.
Anterior wings white, brown at the base; having a small black round spot
near the centre of each; the tips are dark brown, occupying a third of
the wings; near the middle of the posterior edges is a brown patch, and a
small round spot at the lower corners. Posterior wings white, but clouded
a little near the body. Along the external edges are placed five brown
spots, that next the upper corners being double: also a brown line, like
an obtuse angle, begins on the anterior edges, and ends just below the
body.

_Under Side._ Palpi, breast, and legs ash-coloured. Anterior wings white,
whereof the tips are orange-coloured, verged with yellow; on each wing
are two black spots, one being very small and answering to that on the
upper side; the other larger, and placed near the posterior edges.
Posterior wings pale yellow, with an exceeding small spot, surrounded
with orange colour, placed near the middle of each; the brown obtuse
angle appears faintly on this side, but of an orange colour. All the
wings are entire.

PLATE XX.

CALLIMORPHA? SANGUIFLUA.

Plate XX. fig. 1, 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Arctiidæ, _Stephens_.

GENUS. CALLIMORPHA? _Latr._ SUBGENUS: ----? Phalæna (----?), _Drury_.

CALLIMORPHA? SANGUIFLUA. Alis nigris, anticis albo et flavo punctatis
nervisque posticis sanguineis; posticis nigris margine coeruleo 4
albo-punctatis. (Expans. Alar. 4 unc. 1½ lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (----) Sanguiflua, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Surinam.

{38}_Upper Side._ The head is wanting. Thorax blueish black. Abdomen very
dark blue, with five small white spots on each side. Anterior wings
black, with a number of small spots dispersed all over them, whereof five
next the body are yellow, the rest white. The nerves, from the middle to
the extremities of the wings of a dark red, or crimson colour. Posterior
wings at the base of a blueish black, but along the external parts deep
mazarine blue; whereon are placed twelve faintish white spots.

_Under Side._ Nearly corresponds with the upper, except in the number of
spots, which are more numerous; some being surrounded with blue, those
next the external edges being double. The crimson colour on the ribs of
the superior wings is wanting on this side. All the wings are entire.

Notwithstanding the imperfect state of this insect, it is evident that it is nearly allied to many other species figured by Drury (including those represented in Pl. 11. fig. 4., Pl. 6. fig. 4., Pl. 11. fig. 3.), and which appear to form the connecting links between the aberrant Sphingidæ (Zygænidæ) and the Arctiidæ. The singular neuration of the upper wings of this insect is nearly similar to that of a remarkable Indian species, which I have described and figured in Mr. Royle's work on the Natural History of the Himalaya.

SPILOSOMA EGLE.

Plate XX. fig. 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Arctiidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. SPILOSOMA, _Steph._ Arctia, _Latr._ Eyprepia p. _Ochs._ Phalæna
(Noctua), _Drury_.

SPILOSOMA EGLE. Alis griseis immaculatis; abdomine luteo, maculis
dorsalibus nigris. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 10 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Bombyx) Egle, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: New York.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ grey, slightly pectinated. Head grey. Neck
cream-coloured. Thorax grey. Abdomen yellow, with seven small black spots
placed along the middle. Wings grey ash-coloured, immaculate.

_Under Side._ Palpi small. Tongue spiral. Abdomen pale yellow. Wings
grey-coloured on this side, immaculate. Margins of the wings entire.

NOCTUA CHERA.

Plate XX. fig. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Noctuidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. NOCTUA. SUBGENUS. ----

NOCTUA CHERA. Alis griseo-badiis, anticis fasciâ irregulari longitudinali
(cum marginibus externis et posticis) parallelâ fusca. (Expans. Alar. 2
unc. 5 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Chera, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Surinam.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ setaceous. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish
russet. Wings coloured nearly as the preceding insect. The anterior
having a dark brown irregular line running near the posterior and
external edges to the anterior near the tips. Posterior wings immaculate.

{39}_Under Side._ All the parts on this side are of the same colour as
the upper, without any marks whatever on them. Margins of the wings
entire.

I have placed this insect in the family Noctuidæ with doubt, as it seems to have some resemblance with Galleria Mellonella.

PLATE XXI.

NYMPHALIS JACINTHA.

Plate XXI. fig. 1, 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Latr. God._ Papilio (Nymphalis Phal.), _Drury_.

NYMPHALIS JACINTHA. Alis dentatis fuscis, anticis maculis albo-coeruleis
omnibusque strigâ punctorum, fasciâ intùs crenatâ, lunulisque apicalibus
albidis. (Expans. Alar. 4 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Jacintha, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. _Fabr. Ent.
Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 111. _No._ 342. [female]?

Papilio N. Liria, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 126. 385. [male]? _Enc.
Méth._ ix. _p._ 395. (Nymphalis Liria).

Papilio Perimale, _Cramer_, _pl._ 65. _fig._ C. D. _pl._ 67. _fig._ B.

HABITAT: Bombay (_Drury_).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black; having two small white spots placed at the
base, and three others behind them. Thorax and abdomen blackish brown.
Anterior wings, at the base, very dark brown, tinctured with liver
colour, but at the external edges lighter, and of an orange tinge; having
six small white spots placed parallel with the edge, but at a small
distance from it. Near the middle of these wings are four small blue
spots, when the insect is held in a particular direction. Posterior wings
darkest at the base, but the other parts are of an olive brown; the
external edges are fringed with white, having a row of cream-coloured
crescents above, and another row of cream spots above that, placed two
and two, with seven small white spots placed above the whole. All the
wings are dentated.

_Under Side._ Legs brown. Thighs white. Breast and abdomen whitish. Wings
brown olive, darkest next the body, with the same cream-coloured spots as
on the upper side, but a little fainter.

NYMPHALIS PERSEIS.

Plate XXI. fig. 3, 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Latr. God._ Papilio (Nymphalis Phal.), _Drury_.

NYMPHALIS PERSEIS. Alis dentatis, utrinque nigris disco communi testaceo;
anticis maculis duabus fasciâque, posticis punctis marginalibus
ochraceis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Nymphalis Phal.) Perseis, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. _Herbst.
tab._ 137. _fig._ 5. 6.

Papilio (Nymph.) Persea, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 137. _No._ 423.
_Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 391.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen black, spotted with
white. Anterior wings black, the tips edged with white; two pale
lemon-coloured spots are situated in the centre of the wings, one being
long, the other round; between which and the tips is a long lemon streak,
extending from the anterior almost to the external edges; a large patch
of a dull red is also placed on the hinder part of the wings, extending
along the posterior edges from the shoulders almost to the lower corners.
Posterior {40}wings dull red-coloured, bordered with black, whereon are
seven small white spots placed along the external edges, and reaching
from the upper to the abdominal corners. All the wings are dentated.

_Under Side._ Palpi yellow. Breast white. Legs brown. Thighs white.
Anterior wings marked as on the upper side, but the colours are much
duller. Posterior wings dirty red, bordered with black, whereon are eight
white spots, larger than those on the upper side; the colours of the
whole being much duller and fainter than on that side.

PLATE XXII.

ALCIS SCOLOPACEA.

Plate XXII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Geometridæ, _Steph._

GENUS. ALCIS, _Curtis_. Boarmia, _Treit._ Phalæna (Noctua), _Drury_.

ALCIS SCOLOPACEA. Alis dentatis griseis, fusco atomosis, strigisque
dentatis et undulatis communibus albidis et fuscis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc.
5 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Scolopacea, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ filiform. Thorax, abdomen, and wings brownish grey;
the latter varied with dark indented brown streaks and lines, contrasted
with white and ash colour, crossing them from the anterior to the
posterior and abdominal edges.

_Under Side._ Legs, sides, abdomen, and wings yellow wainscot-coloured.
About half the anterior ones, from the tips towards the shoulders, are
marked with faint dark brown lines and streaks. Posterior wings having a
faintish dark brown cloud, situated near the upper corners. All the wings
are deeply dentated.

CALLIMORPHA? MARGINATA.

Plate XXII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Arctiidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. CALLIMORPHA? _Latr._ Phalæna (Bombyx), _Drury_.

CALLIMORPHA? MARGINATA. Alis anticis fusco-nigris, margine antico baseos
luteo, posticis atris basi maculâ discoidali, punctisque marginalibus,
coerulescenti albis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 5 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Bombyx) marginata, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ pectinated. Head black. Neck yellow. Tongue
distinct. Thorax and abdomen black; the latter having two rows of grey
spots placed along the upper side of it, and reaching towards the anus,
which is yellow. Anterior wings deep black, the anterior edges next the
shoulders being yellow. Posterior wings sooty black, with a whitish cloud
next the shoulders, and a white spot near the centre of each; a row of
whitish spots are also placed along the external edges, which become
fainter as they approach the upper corners.

_Under Side._ Breast, sides, legs, and abdomen black. All the wings are
the same; the anterior ones being edged with yellow next the shoulders,
and two faint grey spots near the middle; a small whitish streak is also
placed on the posterior ones, next the abdominal edges, about a quarter
of an inch from the shoulders, where is a small yellow spot on each wing.
Margins of the wings entire.

{41}VENILIA? SOSPETA.

Plate XXII. fig. 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Geometridæ, _Steph._

GENUS. VENILIA? _Duponchel, Stephens_. Macaria p., _Curtis_.

VENILIA? SOSPETA. Alis flavis; anticis punctis duobus parvis
discoidalibus maculisque tribus marginalibus; posticis maculâ unicâ
versus angulum ani, brunneis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 5 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Sospeta, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ filiform. Head pale yellow. Eyes dark brown. Tongue
spiral. Thorax, abdomen, and wings pale yellow. On the posterior edges of
the anterior wings are placed two faint brown streaks; one, which is
smallest, being about a quarter of an inch from the shoulders, the other
the same distance from the lower corners; about the same distance from
the tips, on the anterior edges, is placed another very small one.
Posterior wings having likewise two of these faint spots, one on the
anterior, the other on the abdominal edges.

_Under Side._ Sides, breast, and abdomen pale yellow. Legs brown and
yellow. Wings pale yellow, with the same spots and marks as on the upper
side, but more distinct. The wings are a little angulated.

EREBUS? OPIGENA.

Plate XXII. fig. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Noctuidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. EREBUS? _Latr._ Phalæna (Noctua), _Drury_.

EREBUS? OPIGENA. Alis angulatis badio-fuscis, strigis nonnullis undulatis
et dentatis communibus obscurioribus. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Opigena, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ filiform. Head dark brown. Neck ash colour. Palpi
long and greyish, the extremities being black. Tongue spiral. Thorax,
abdomen, and wings dark russet or grey brown; the latter having some
faint dark indented lines crossing the middle of them, from the anterior
to the posterior and abdominal edges. The tips of the anterior wings
terminate in an obtuse angle.

_Under Side._ Breast, sides, abdomen, legs, and wings very dark brown. A
dark narrow line begins at the anterior edge of the superior wings, about
a quarter of an inch from the tips, and crossing them and the posterior
ones ends at the abdominal edges, just below the body; dividing each wing
into two compartments, that above the line being a degree darker than
that below it; in the centre of each of these divisions is placed a faint
black spot, and along the external edges are several of a smaller size,
and equally faint. Margins of the wings entire.

{42}PLATE XXIII.

URANIA RHIPHEUS.

Plate XXIII. fig. 1, 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia? FAMILY: Uraniidæ.

GENUS. URANIA, _Fabr._ (Syst. Gloss.) _Latr._ Cydimon, _Dalm._ (Prodr.
Mon. Castniæ.) Leilus & Rhipheus, _Swainson Zool. Illustr._

URANIA RHIPHEUS. Alis nigris, anticis utrinque lineolis transversis
fasciâque mediâ bifidâ aureo viridibus, posticis areâ anali cupreâ
violaceo micanti nigroque maculatâ. (Expans. Alar. 4 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Eq. Troj.) Rhipheus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. _Esper. Pap.
Exot. t._ 21. _f._ 1. 2.

Rhipheus dasycephalus, _Swainson Zool. Illust. N. Ser. pl._ 131.

HABITAT: China (_Drury_). Bengal (_Cramer_). Coromandel (Fabricius).
Madagascar (_Enc. Méth._).

_Upper Side._ "The antennæ are black, and knobbed at their extremities."
Eyes dark brown. Thorax and abdomen black. The ground of the anterior
wings is a lovely deep green, marked or striped all over with irregular
streaks of a deep black, almost all of which run in a direction from the
anterior to the posterior edges. Posterior wings, next the body, black;
but towards the anterior edges are of a fine light blue green, clouded
with black. The other parts, next the abdominal and external edges, are
of a curious, deep, blood-red, shining with gold, and spotted with black.

_Under Side._ Palpi grey. Breast and abdomen ash-coloured. Wings light
sea-green, clouded or marked as on the upper side with black. Posterior
wings, next the body, of a most brilliant golden green, with small spots
of black, which green softens into a fine purple, from that into a
crimson, then into a blood-red, and lastly to an orange; which colours
occupy the greater part of these wings: that part which lies next the
upper corners being of a fine blue green, clouded with black; all the
colours on this side have a rich glow of gold, and appear changeable,
according to the position in which the light strikes on them; from the
abdominal corner runs a narrow black border along the external edge, the
width of three membranes, stopping at the angle, and communicating with a
large black spot situated near the abdominal edge. "The whole exhibiting
the most beautiful colours I ever saw united in one insect."

The splendid insect, from which these figures were taken, has been considered by most Lepidopterists to have been in a mutilated and mended state; having the head, concealed palpi, and clavate antennæ of a true Papilio, and the posterior wings nearly truncated at the lower part. These authors have supposed that the insect was a specimen of the Papilio Rhipheus of Cramer (pl. 385. fig. A. B. Leilus orientalis, Swainson Zool. Illustr. N. Ser. pl. 130.), in which the head and antennæ are similar to those of Nyctalemon Orontes, figured in the first volume of this work, and the posterior wings are terminated by three tails. Mr. Swainson has however adopted a different opinion, figuring Drury's insect under the name of Rhipheus Dasycephalus, and Cramer's under that of Leilus Orientalis; considering that this view of the subject "will clear up one of the most intricate and perplexing questions that has hitherto impeded the natural arrangement of the Linnæan Papiliones and even the entire Lepidoptera." Drury's insect exhibiting the nervures of Urania, and the head, &c. of Papilio, is thus considered as establishing as close an affinity as can possibly be imagined between Papilio and Leilus (i. e. the Rhipheus of Cramer). It is true that there are many Lepidopterous insects which, on a {43}casual glance, appear identical, but which belong to distinct groups, especially distinguished by the neuration of their wings, but when we consider the almost perfect identity, in the very peculiar markings and colours, of these two supposed distinct insects, the identity in the nerves of their wings;[4] the slight scruple which the old collectors had in patching up their insects, and the truncation of the hind wings in Drury's figure, which may be exactly imitated by placing a slip of paper over the tails of perfect tailed specimens of Rhipheus, I think we are authorised in rejecting, without hesitation, the views of Mr. Swainson.

That this group of insects is one of the most interesting amongst the Lepidoptera, and at the same time exceedingly difficult, with respect to its natural relations, cannot be denied. Modern authors, Mr. Swainson observes, have been unfortunate in their location of this group, of course alluding to its being placed by Latreille in the family Hesperiidæ. Mr. Swainson, however, is not less unfortunate in his introduction of it into the family Papilionidæ, with which the structure of the fore legs is said peculiarly to rank it. This character, nevertheless, together with its day-flying habits and brilliant colours, are the only points in which an affinity can be traced between the Papilionidæ and Uraniidæ. But the structure of the hind legs (having spurs in the middle, as well as at the tips of the tibiæ), and of the nerves of the wings, antennæ, and palpi, all exhibit a very slight degree of relationship with Papilio. Mr. Swainson has, indeed, endeavoured to make the affinity more evident by introducing Papilio Curius, Fabr. as a subgenus (Leptocircus) in the genus Leilus (or Urania), but the relationship between these is of the slightest and most unsatisfactory kind. Mr. Newman has suggested another view of the affinities of this group. In his sketch of the circular distribution of the Lepidoptera,[5] he has introduced into the Butterfly circle, the genera Coronis and Urania, the last forming the connecting link with the Geometridæ, by Leach's genus Ourapteryx, or the Swallow-tail Moth. The whole structure of the latter insect indicates, however, most clearly that the relation is but an analogical one. Had, indeed, the observations of M. Sganzin,[6] relative to the transformations of Urania Rhipheus been confirmed, this would certainly have been its more appropriate locality, its caterpillar being said by him to be a semi-looper, and its chrysalis to be naked, suspended by the tail, and girt round the centre. But the elaborate memoir of Mr. MacLeay,[7] upon the habits and changes of Urania Fernandinæ, prove most clearly that the larva closely resembles that of Agarista;[8] and that the pupa, as in that genus, is inclosed in a cocoon. Now this latter character exists in some species of Hesperia. In these, however, the chrysalis is still attached by its tail. Mr. MacLeay does not mention whether such is the case in Urania; but since his return from Cuba he has had the kindness to shew me the cocoon, and to inform me that the chrysalis is loose. This character, {44}therefore, with the entire structure of the imago, removes it from the Diurnal Lepidoptera, and associates it most satisfactorily with the Hesperi-sphinges of Latreille, especially Agarista and Coronis, which last is very near Urania Lunus. Thus the situation proposed for these insects by Latreille, between Hesperia and Agarista, &c. is found to be most fortunate; Mr. Swainson himself admitting a relationship with the Hesperiidæ, by calling them the "Hesperian" type of the Papilionidæ. They also appear to have some relation with Erebus. The original specimen here figured is stated by Mr. Drury to have been in the possession of Captain May, of Hammersmith, when the drawing was made. It is now in all probability destroyed, and cannot be traced.

THECLA PAN.

Plate XXIII. fig. 3, 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Lycænidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. THECLA, _Fabr._ (Syst. Gloss.) Polyommatus p. _Latr._ Papilio
(Pleb. rural.), _Linn. &c._

THECLA PAN. Alis fuscis bicaudatis; subtus fuscescentibus, ocellis duobus
anguli ani, externo nigro iride rufâ. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Pleb. rur.) Pan, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Thorax, abdomen, and wings dark brown, or
dark hair-coloured; the latter being furnished with two small tails like
hairs, the extremities being white.

_Under Side._ Palpi white. Breast greyish. Wings nearly the same colour
as on the upper side. The posterior having two eyes on each at the
abdominal corners; one being black with a red iris, the other grey and
faint; above them is a small indented white line, pointing to a spot of
the same colour placed at the middle of the anterior edge.

Fabricius, without referring to this figure of Drury, described an Indian species of the same genus from Drury's collection, under the same specific name, which must of course be rejected. The French encyclopedists consider the latter as identical with the Fabrician Hesperia Isocrates.

PLATE XXIV.

EREBUS HERCYNA.

Plate XXIV. fig. 1, 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Noctuidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. EREBUS, _Latr._ Thysania, _Dalm._ Phalæna (Noctua), _Drury_.

EREBUS HERCYNA. Alis dentatis fuscis obscurè undulatis, anticarum disco
(puncto nigro) posticarum strigâ mediâ undulatâ pallidè cinereis.
(Expans. Alar. 4 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Hercyna, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ filiform, brown, and thread-like. Head, thorax,
abdomen, and wings greyish brown. The anterior wings having about
two-thirds, next the shoulders, of a lighter brown, being {45}separated
from the darker part by a narrow, black, undulated line, similar to one
which runs along the external edges from the tips to the lower corners;
near the shoulders are placed two brown spots on each wing, one round,
the other squarish. Posterior wings having two narrow, black, undulated
lines crossing them, one next the external edges, the other about a
quarter of an inch above them; the latter being edged with white.

_Under Side._ Palpi, breast, and sides greyish brown. Tongue spiral.
Anterior wings rather lighter than on the upper side; having a dark
undulated line crossing them, near the middle, from the anterior to the
posterior edges; near the shoulders are two brown spots, one exactly like
a comma, the other round and smaller; a white streak, edged at the top
with brown, is placed near the lower corners; and along the external
edges is a row of faint angulated brown spots placed over each scollop.
Posterior wings greyish brown; having a small, square, brown spot near
the shoulders, and a patch of a whitish colour at the upper corners. A
dark brown undulated line, edged with white, begins near the middle of
the anterior edges, which crossing the wings ends at the extremity of the
body; and along the external edges runs a series of brown spots, placed
over each scollop. All the wings are dentated.

SATURNIA MAIA.

Plate XXIV. fig. 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Bombycidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. Saturnia, _Schrank._ Attacus, _Germar._ Phalæna (attacus),
_Drury_.

SATURNIA MAIA. Alis rotundatis nigris; fasciâ albâ, maculâ subocellari
nigrâ, ano rufescenti. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Bombyx) Maia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. _Cramer_, _Ins._ 2.
_tab._ 98. _fig._ A.

Bombyx Proserpina, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 419. _No._ 40. _Gmel.
Linn. S. N._ 2407. 480. _Abbot & Smith Ins. Georg. pl._ 50. _Oliv. Enc.
Méth._ 5. 37. 48. _Pal. Bauv. Ins. d'Afr. et d'Amer. Lep._ _pl._ 24. _f._
2. 3.

HABITAT: New York (_Drury_). Georgia (_Abbot_).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black, and strongly pectinated. Neck ash-coloured.
Thorax and abdomen black, the extremity being orange. Wings pellucid. The
anterior being black, with a white bar crossing them from the anterior to
the posterior edges; whereon is a semi-eye placed near the former.
Posterior wings black, with a broader white bar crossing them from the
anterior to the abdominal edges; having near the former a black
triangular spot thereon.

_Under Side._ Palpi and tongue indistinct. Legs and thorax black. Thighs
orange. Abdomen grey, having its sides spotted with white; the extremity
orange. Wings coloured as on the upper side, but rather more distinct.
The thinness of the wings occasions the colours to be less distinct and
clear than in most others of this kind. Margins of the wings entire.

The caterpillar of this very conspicuous moth feeds upon the red oak (Quercus rubra, Linn.), and other species of the same genus. The caterpillars represented by Abbot are considerably different in colour; one being dark-coloured, but covered over with minute yellow spots; and the other yellow, with a slender, dorsal, and two broader lateral black lines. The head is red, and each segment is furnished with a transverse series of tubercles, {46}emitting spinose setæ. It is, I presume, by the assistance of these setæ that "the caterpillar stings very sharply," as stated by Abbot. When small the whole brood lives together, but they disperse as they grow larger. One of these larvæ, in Virginia, went into the ground on the 1st of July, and the moth came out on the 20th of October; whilst in Georgia another buried itself on the 14th of June, and the fly did not appear until the 8th of December; after which other individuals kept coming out from time to time until the 16th of February. The male appears by day, and flies very swiftly, mounting and descending. The moth is called in America the Buck-fly, from an erroneous idea that its caterpillars are bred in the heads of the buck, which blow them out of their nostrils. This opinion originates from the fly coming out in the rutting season whilst the bucks are pursuing the does; the hunters therefore take notice of the insect in order to know the proper season for their sport, which is later in Georgia than in Virginia, as is also the appearance of the moth. They are much more plentiful in the last-mentioned country. (Abbot, loc. cit.)

The specific name of Drury having the priority, I have retained it; although that subsequently proposed by Fabricius is far more expressive, recalling, as Sir J. E. Smith observes, the idea of a fair flower which had

"by gloomy Dis been gathered,"

now become as grizly as the grim monarch of the infernal regions himself.

EREBUS EDUSA.

Plate XXIV. fig. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Noctuidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. EREBUS, _Latr._ Thysania, _Dalm._ Phalæna (noctua), _Drury_.

EREBUS EDUSA. Alis castaneis fusco irroratis, anticis maculis nonnullis
baseos alterisque duabus majoribus apicalibus; apiceque posticarum (nigro
punctato) albis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 2 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Edusa, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: New York.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ brown and filiform. Thorax, abdomen, and wings of a
fine red sandy brown colour; the first ring of the abdomen with an
ash-coloured spot. Anterior wings with two whitish oblong spots on the
external edges of each; one near the tips, the other at the lower
corners. A small whitish bar crosses these wings about a quarter of an
inch from the body; and next the shoulders is a spot of the same whitish
colour. Posterior wings brown, with an oblong whitish spot placed along
the external edges, reaching from the abdominal almost to the upper
corners. Cilia brown.

_Under Side._ Palpi brown. Tongue short. Breast, sides, and legs paler
than on the upper side. Wings pale sandy-coloured, except a few small,
round, dark spots dispersed over them, but scarcely discernible. Margins
of all the wings dentated.

{47}PLATE XXV.

SPHINX ANTÆUS.

Plate XXV. fig. 1.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia. FAMILY: Sphingidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. SPHINX, _Auct._

SPHINX ANTÆUS. Alis anticis cinereis nigro undatis, posticis nigris basi
rufis fasciâque fenestratâ, capite bicorni. (Expans. Alar. [male]. 6
unc.--[female]. 7 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Sphinx Antæus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

Sphinx Hydaspes, _Cram. Ins. tab._ 118. _fig._ A.

Sphinx Jatrophæ, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. 362. _No._ 22. _Gmel. Linn.
S. N._ 2376. 63. _Merian Ins. Surinam_, _tab._ 38.

HABITAT: Jamaica (_Drury_). "In Americæ Jatropha gossypifolia." _Fabr._

_Upper Side._ Antennæ white underneath, and brown above. Head and thorax
dark rusty brown. Abdomen the same on the upper part, but on each side of
the second, third, and fourth rings are three yellow spots. Anterior
wings dark rusty brown, with several black, waved, and indented lines
placed in different parts; and in the middle, near the anterior edges,
are two small, round, white spots placed on each wing. The middle of the
posterior wings transparent like glass; with a deep brown or black border
running along the external edges from the abdominal to the upper corners;
the part next the body being yellow.

_Under Side._ Breast and abdomen cream-coloured. Legs white and brown.
Anterior wings, next the body, with two yellow longitudinal streaks; the
remaining parts being red brown (differing from the colour on the upper
side) without any other marks or clouds on them. Posterior wings coloured
as on the upper side, except in the black border, which on this side is
red brown.

SMERINTHUS JAMAICENSIS.

Plate XXV. fig. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia. FAMILY: Sphingidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. SMERINTHUS, _Latr._ Laothoë, _Fabr._ (Syst. Gloss.) Sphinx,
_Linn._

SMERINTHUS JAMAICENSIS. Alis anticis fusco, griseo, olivaceoque variis,
posticis roseis ocello coeruleo nigro marginato. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 5
lin.)

SYN. Sphinx ocellatus Jamaicensis, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

Sphinx ocellatus, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. 355. _No._ 1. _Gmel. Linn.
Syst. N._ 2371. 1.

HABITAT: Jamaica (_Drury_). "In Europæ Americæ Spiræâ, Salice, Pomonâ."
_Fabr._

_Upper Side._ Antennæ pectinated and brown. Head and thorax soft
dun-coloured, but dark brown above. Abdomen dun. Anterior wings delicate
fine greyish, light brown next the shoulders and tips; the remaining
parts being clouded with dark olive brown colours. Posterior wings red in
the middle, but along the external edges dun-coloured; having a large
black spot placed near the abdominal corners, the middle of which is
blue, and imperfectly resembling an eye. All the wings are angulated.

_Under Side._ Breast and abdomen dun. Anterior wings red in the middle;
but along the anterior edges ash-coloured, which runs to the tips where
it forms a crescent, the inner part being dark olive brown; the external
edges are olive brown, but lighter than the crescent. Posterior wings
clouded with olive brown and ash-colour; having a double ash-coloured bar
crossing them, which rises at the anterior edges of the anterior wings,
and, running circularly, ends at the abdominal edges of the posterior.

{48}Fabricius cites the present figure amongst his synonyms of the common English Eyed-hawk moth (Smerinthus ocellatus), notwithstanding its very different habitat. It is evident, however, from the diversity in the outline of the wings of this insect and other English species, and from the circumstance of several species very closely allied to this being found in America (two of which are figured by Abbot and Smith in "the Insects of Georgia," pl. 25. and 26.), that Fabricius overlooked the minute characters which distinguish these species, and confounded them under the name of Ocellatus. Drury's insect very nearly approaches Sphinx Myops of Smith, but differs in the markings, especially of the posterior edge of the wings, and the colour of the posterior pair.

Sir J. E. Smith notices the very slight difference which exists between the caterpillars of nearly allied species of Sphingidæ, compared with the diversity in the larvæ of the genus Papilio of Linnæus.

PLATE XXVI.

SPHINX FICUS.

Plate XXVI. fig. 1.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia. FAMILY: Sphingidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. SPHINX, _Auct._

SPHINX FICUS. Alis anticis cinereo fuscoque nebulosis, maculâ apicali
albidâ; posticis nigris basi fasciâque mediâ luteis angulo ani albo.
(Expans. Alar. [male]. 5 unc.--[female]. 6 unc.)

SYN. _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 2. 800. 15. _Cramer_, _tab._ 246. _fig._ E.
_Merian Ins. Surin. t._ 33. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. 366. _No._ 31.
_Gmel. Linn. S. N._ 2380. 15.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ ash-coloured. Head, thorax, abdomen, and anterior
wings dark olive; the extremities of the latter ending in a point, where
is situated a cream-coloured spot, close to the anterior edges, whose
extremity runs to the tips; a patch of a dark cream colour is also placed
on the external edges, joining to the lower corners. Posterior wings,
next the body, dark cream-coloured; below this is a black bar, and
another at the external edges, with a dark cream bar between them. The
abdominal corners terminate in a point, which is of a fine white silvery
hue.

_Under Side._ Breast, abdomen, legs, and wings pale olive brown, with
three faint indistinct lines crossing them from the anterior to the
abdominal edges. The anterior wings having a faint whitish streak placed
at the tips.

SMERINTHUS ASTYLUS.

Plate XXVI. fig. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia. FAMILY: Sphingidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. SMERINTHUS, _Latr._ Laothoë, _Fabr._ (Syst. Gloss.) Sphinx,
_Linn._

SMERINTHUS ASTYLUS. Alis subangulatis cinnamoneo-roseis, anticarum apice
strigisque subapicalibus fuscis, posticarum ocello coerulescenti.
(Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 10 lin.)

SYN. Sphinx Astylus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: New York.

{49}_Upper Side._ Antennæ reddish. Thorax and abdomen reddish cinnamon;
having a dark line running from the head along the back to the tail.
Anterior wings reddish cinnamon; having a dark apical margin, and a paler
streak running circularly from the tips to the lower corners; where, at
each of those places, is a yellowish indistinct mark. Posterior wings
reddish cinnamon, paler at the base; near the abdominal corners is a
round black spot, with an indistinct centre.

_Under Side._ Breast, thighs, and abdomen cinnamon. Legs black. Wings
nearly coloured as on the upper side; the pale streaks and yellow marks,
at the tips and lower corners, being more distinct and plain on this
side; the black spots on the posterior wings being wanting. Drury
considered it as a distinct species from that in the foregoing plate.

SPHINX HYLÆUS.

Plate XXVI. fig. 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia. FAMILY: Sphingidæ.

GENUS. SPHINX, _Auct._

SPHINX HYLÆUS. Alis anticis fuscis margine interno apiceque variegatis;
posticis nigris maculâ basali fasciâque mediâ transversâ cinereis.
(Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Sphinx Hylæus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. _Cramer Ins. pl._ 107. _fig._
C? _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. 373. _No._ 53. _Gmel. Linn. S. N._ 2383.
81.

Sphinx Prini, _Abbott & Smith Ins. Georg. tab._ 35.

HABITAT: New York.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ white within, brown without. Head, thorax, and
abdomen rusty grey brown; the latter having on the sides of each ring a
narrow white streak, and two small white spots on the upper part.
Anterior wings rusty grey brown; having several dappled white marks
dispersed on different parts, particularly at the shoulders and external
edges; a narrow black line rises near the lower corners, running from
thence to the anterior edges, and ending near the tips; cilia brown,
spotted with white. Posterior wings black; cilia white, having some
whitish marks thereon, particularly near the abdominal corners.

_Under Side._ Breast and abdomen white. Legs brown. Wings brown; having
two faint indented lines crossing them, near the tips and lower corners.
Posterior wings brown, with some faint undulated dark lines crossing them
from the anterior edges to the abdominal corners.

The caterpillar of this insect, observed by Abbot, feeds upon the evergreen winter-berry, or gall-berry (Prinos glaber, Linn.), whence Sir J. E. Smith altered the name of the species from Hylæus to Prini. It is of a pale green colour, with six lateral oblique pink lines, the last of which extends to the base of the nearly straight tail, which is of the same colour; the chrysalis is chesnut, without any porrected tongue-case. One of these caterpillars, observed by Abbot, went into the ground on the 17th of May, and appeared as a moth on the 19th of June; whilst another buried itself on the 25th of August, and remained in the earth until the 26th of April. The caterpillar is subject to the attacks of a small Ichneumon, the larvæ of which, when full grown, eat their way out of its body and spin themselves up on the outside. The moth is occasionally seen sucking the blossoms of gourds in the twilight, but is not common.

{50}PLATE XXVII.

DEILEPHILA NESSUS.

Plate XXVII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia. FAMILY: Sphingidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. DEILEPHILA, _Ochs._ Spectrum P. _Scop._ Sphinx P. _Linn._

DEILEPHILA NESSUS. Alis anticis cinerascentibus apice externo albido,
posticis nigris fasciâ fulvâ, abdominis lateribus fulvis. (Expans. Alar.
fere 5 unc.)

SYN. Sphinx Nessus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Cramer Ins. tab._ 226. _fig._
D.

Sphinx equestris, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. 365. _No._ 29.

HABITAT: Madras.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ white above, and brown beneath. Head, neck, and
thorax olive brown, with an ash-coloured streak running on each side
thereof. Abdomen, next the thorax, very dark, from whence a brown list
runs along the upper part to the extremity; the sides being of a golden
yellow. Anterior wings dark green next the shoulders, softening to a nut
brown as it runs along the anterior edges; the tips cream-coloured, from
whence run two faint lines to the middle of the posterior edges; and also
a lightish bar running in the same direction. Along the external edges
they are of a delicate, soft, nut brown colour, and near the middle of
each is a small black spot, placed near the anterior edge. Posterior
wings black next the body, but nut brown along the external edges (about
half way); the abdominal corners and adjoining parts being cream colour,
as are the cilia and anterior edges.

_Under Side._ Breast, sides, and abdomen deep golden yellow; the middle
of which and the legs are ash-coloured. Wings deep yellow. The anterior,
next the body, greenish black, and cream-coloured next the tips. The
posterior having several faint, dark, and undulated lines crossing them
from the anterior to the abdominal edges.

GLAUCOPIS COARCTATA [female].

Plate XXVII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia? FAMILY: Ægeriidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. GLAUCOPIS, _Fabricius_. (syst. Gloss.) Zygæna, _Fabr. Olim._
Sphinx P. _Drury_.

GLAUCOPIS COARCTATA. Alis flavo-hyalinis, marginibus maculâque anticarum
fuscis, abdomine basi coarctato, maculis aureo-coerulescentibus. (Expans.
Alar. 1 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Sphinx coarctata, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Cramer Ins. tab._ 4. _f._
F. G.

Zygæna caudata, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 403. _No._ 58. _Gmel.
Linn. S. N._ 2398. 147. _Pallas Spicel. Zool._ 1. _tab._ 2. _fig._ 8.
[male].

HABITAT: Bay of Honduras (_Drury_). "In America meridionali" (_Fabr._).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ pectinated, and thickest in the middle. Head black,
with a blue spot in front. Neck blue. Thorax black, with an orange spot
on each shoulder. Abdomen black; smallest next the thorax, with a row of
golden blue spots on each side, and another at top; at the extremity is
placed a hairy bristle, about a quarter the length of the abdomen. Wings
yellowish, and transparent. The anterior having a black narrow border
running round all their edges, except the anterior ones; and in the
middle of each is an oblong black spot, joining to the anterior edge,
which reaches almost half across the wing. Posterior wings with a black
border along the abdominal edges and the upper corners; the anterior and
external edges having none.

_Under Side._ Palpi externally white, but internally black. Tongue curled
up. Breast black, the sides being blue. Legs black. Thighs white within,
and blue without. Abdomen, next the thorax, {51}white; the remainder
being black, with four white spots on each side; that next the anus being
the smallest. Wings as on the upper side; except the anterior, which have
a yellowish border running along the posterior edges.

The extremity of the body of the male is furnished with a villose tail, as long as the body.

AGLAOPE PLUMIPES.

Plate XXVII. fig. 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia? FAMILY: Ægeriidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. AGLAOPE, _Latr._ Sphinx, _Drury_.

AGLAOPE PLUMIPES. Nigricans, thorace maculis abdomineque fasciis albis,
alis immaculatis, tibiis posticis plumosis. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Sphinx plumipes, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Bay of Honduras.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black, but whitish at the tips; being thickest in
the middle. Head black, with a white spot in front between the antennæ.
Neck black, with three white spots on it. Thorax black, with several
white spots thereon. Abdomen black, with several narrow white rings.
Wings dark brown, immaculate.

_Under Side._ Palpi white. Tongue spiral. Breast black, spotted with
white on its sides. Abdomen black, having one broad white ring on it, and
several narrow ones. Legs long and black. Thighs white. Hinder legs
furnished with tufts of hairs of a black colour, placed in such manner as
to resemble the shaft of an arrow; the legs, above and below these tufts,
being white. Wings coloured as on the upper side.

DEILEPHILA ALECTO.

Plate XXVII. fig. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia. FAMILY: Sphingidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. DEILEPHILA, _Ochs._ Spectrum P. _Scop._ Sphinx P. _Linn._

DEILEPHILA ALECTO. Alis anticis griseis, strigis nonnullis obliquis
apicalibus obscurioribus; posticis rubris basi margineque atris. (Expans.
Alar. 3 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Sphinx Alecto, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 2. 802. _No._ 20. _Cramer, tab._
137. _fig._ D. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. 376. _No._ 59. _Gmel. Linn. S.
N._ 2384. 20.

HABITAT: Madras.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ white above, brown underneath; hooked at the
extremities. Head and thorax olive brown, with a white stripe running on
each side from the front to the shoulders. Abdomen greyish brown; having
a black spot on each side, near the thorax. Anterior wings soft olive
brown; having a dark line running from the tips to the posterior edges,
near the middle. Posterior wings, next the shoulders, black; the
remainder being red, except the abdominal edges and corners, which are
cream-coloured; and a brown margin running along the external edges.

_Under Side._ Breast, sides, legs, and abdomen yellowish clay-coloured.
Wings dark orange, margined with faint brown.

{52}PLATE XXVIII.

DEILEPHILA CLOTHO.

Plate XXVIII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia. FAMILY: Sphingidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. DEILEPHILA, _Ochs._ Spectrum P. _Scop._ Sphinx P. _Linn._

DEILEPHILA CLOTHO. Alis cinereo-olivaceis, lineâ rectâ e margine postico
ad apicem ductâ nigrâ; posticis nigris externè fuscis, angulo ani
pallidiori. (Expans. Alar. 4 unc.)

SYN. Sphinx Clotho. _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

Sphinx Butus, _Cram. tab._ 152. A.

Sphinx Gnoma, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. 376. _No._ 61. (nec Clotho,
_Fabr. loc. cit. No._ 60.)

HABITAT: Madras.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ cream-coloured. Head brown olive, with a
cream-coloured stripe running on each side to the abdomen. Thorax brown
olive. Abdomen paler, having a black spot on each side near the thorax.
Anterior wings light olive brown, with a line running from the tips to
the middle of the posterior edges, and a small black spot next the
shoulders. Posterior wings, next the body, black; but along the external
edges brown, and palest at the abdominal corners.

_Under Side._ Tongue curled up. Breast and sides cream-coloured. Abdomen
darker. Wings yellowish clay-coloured and freckled. The anterior having a
dark cloud in the middle of each, near the shoulders; and the posterior
having a faint indented line crossing them from the anterior to the
abdominal edges.

ÆGERIA TIBIALIS.

Plate XXVIII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia? FAMILY: Ægeriidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. ÆGERIA, _Fabr._ Sesia, _Latr._ Sphinx, _Drury_. Zygæna, _Fabr._

ÆGERIA TIBIALIS. Alis anticis fuscis immaculatis, posticis hyalinis;
tibiis posticis plumosis testaceis. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 1½ lin.)

SYN. Sphinx tibialis, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

Zygæna tibialis, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. 404. _No._ 62. _Gmel. Linn.
S. N._ 2399. 151.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black, slightly pectinated; being thickest towards
the extremities, and ending in a point; where, by the assistance of a
microscope, may be observed a small tuft of hairs. Head ash-coloured.
Thorax and abdomen dark hair colour; the latter being encircled with
small white rings. Anterior wings narrow, and of a dark hair colour,
without any marks or spots. Posterior hyaline. Cilia dark brown.

_Under Side._ Palpi yellowish. Tongue curled up. Breast and abdomen
yellowish, having some grey hairs placed between them. Fore and middle
legs dark brown. Hinder legs remarkably hairy; being scarlet on the out
sides, and black on the inner and under sides, with some white tufts
intermixed. Wings as on the upper side.

{53}GLAUCOPIS PHOLUS.

Plate XXVIII. fig. 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia. FAMILY: Zygænidæ.

GENUS. GLAUCOPIS, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ (Zygæna, _Fabr. olim._)

GLAUCOPIS PHOLUS. Atra, alis omnibus basi fulvis. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 3
lin.)

SYN. Sphinx Pholus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

Zygæna Pholus, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. 406. _No._ 27. _Gmel. Linn. S.
N._ 2399. 155. (Sphinx).

HABITAT: New England, New York, Maryland, Virginia, Carolina.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black, and thickest in the middle. Head, eyes,
thorax, and abdomen black. Shoulders and half the superior wings deep
orange yellow; the apical half black. Posterior wings, next the body,
paler yellow; the remaining two-thirds black.

_Under Side._ Tongue curled up. Breast, sides, abdomen, and legs black.
Wings coloured as on the upper side, but not quite so brilliant.

GLAUCOPIS? ASTREAS.

Plate XXVIII. fig. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia. FAMILY: Zygænidæ.

GENUS. GLAUCOPIS, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ (Zygæna, _Fabr. olim._)

GLAUCOPIS? ASTREAS. Alis subhyalinis albidis, maculâ mediâ apiceque
fuscis, thorace nigro maculato, abdomine roseo. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc.)

SYN. Sphinx Astreas, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

Noctua Astrea, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 2. _p._ 19. _No._ 35. _Gmel. Linn.
S. N._ 2534. 593.

HABITAT: Bengal (_Drury_). New Holland (_Fabricius_).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ filiform, light brown, being thickest in the
middle. Head cream-coloured, spotted with black. Neck the same, with a
red cleft in the middle, and a black spot on each side. Thorax
cream-coloured, spotted with black. Abdomen scarlet. Anterior wings
transparent, whereof a third next the tips is opake and of a light hair
colour, running about half way up the anterior edge of each wing; where
is a streak of the same colour running half way across the wing. Anterior
and posterior edges dark cream-coloured. Posterior wings transparent, the
anterior edges and upper corners being dark cream-coloured.

_Under Side._ Palpi white externally, but red within; the extremities
being black. Tongue curled up. Breast white, with a black spot on each
side. Legs red. Under sides of the thighs white. Abdomen cream colour;
having a narrow white streak on each side, whereon are several black
spots. Wings coloured as on the upper side.

This insect is evidently the type of a subgenus, sufficiently distinct from any of the preceding.

{54}SYNTOMIS FENESTRATA.

Plate XXVIII. fig. 5.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia? FAMILY: Zygænidæ.

GENUS. SYNTOMIS, _Illig. Latr._ Zygæna, _Fabr._ Sphinx, _Drury_.

SYNTOMIS FENESTRATA. Alis fuscis, anticarum maculis quatuor, posticarum
unicâ hyalinis, abdomine fulvo nigroque annulato. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 2
lin.)

SYN. Sphinx fenestrata, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

Zygæna fenestrata, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 392. _No._ 21. _Gmel.
Linn. S. N._ 2394. 119. (Sphinx).

HABITAT: China.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ filiform, black, white at the tips, and thickest in
the middle. Head tawny yellow. Neck black. Thorax and abdomen tawny
yellow; the former having three black spots thereon, and the latter
encircled with six black rings. Anterior wings having four transparent
spots in each; the two next the shoulders being divided only by the
nerves, in one of which appears two dark spots, one next the shoulders,
and the other a quarter of an inch from it, crossing the transparent
part. All the edges of these wings are very dark brown, the external and
posterior ones being broadest. Posterior wings also having one large
transparent spot in each; all the edges of these wings brown, the
external and anterior ones being broadest, nerves yellow.

_Under Side._ Tongue curled up. Sides, breast, and abdomen yellow, with
black rings. Legs dark brown and yellow. Wings as on the upper side.

GLAUCOPIS? PHALÆNOIDES.

Plate XXVIII. fig. 6.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Crepuscularia. FAMILY: Zygænidæ.

GENUS. GLAUCOPIS, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ (zygæna, _Fabr. Olim._)

GLAUCOPIS? PHALÆNOIDES. Alis anticis cinereis apicem versus
subpellucidis, posticis parvis truncatis maculâ basali obscurâ. (Expans.
Alar. 1 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Sphinx Phalænoides, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Bay of Honduras.