Chapter V: Part 5

The colours of this insect appear to have been faded. Head red brown,
having on the top a small moveable horn, like a bristle, which the insect
can raise at pleasure. Eyes dark. Thorax and abdomen dark brown. Anus
white. The ends of the anterior wings are red brown; from whence, to the
shoulders, they appear of a dead black, spotted with small white spots;
but when the insect was living, probably the black part was of a fine
mazarine blue. The external edges of the posterior wings are transparent;
the abdominal edges white, and the middle part black, spotted with white,
like the superior. Breast, beak, and legs, red brown. Abdomen, on the
under side the same, being edged with scarlet.

This insect has a white substance issuing from the anus resembling the downy part of a feather, or that which joins the quill.--Add. vol. 2.

{76}SCOLIA? MUTILLÆFORMIS.

Plate XXXVII. fig. 4.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Fossores? FAMILY: Scoliidæ?

GENUS. SCOLIA? _Fabr. Latr._ Sphex, _Linn. Drury_.

SCOLIA? MUTILLÆFORMIS. Nigra, capite thoraceque fulvo pilosis, alarum
apicibus fuscis. (Long. Corp. 7½ lin.)

SYN. Sphex mutillæformis, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Senegal.

Head and thorax red brown, and hairy. The former furnished with two jaws,
and tongueless. Eyes and antennæ black, the latter shorter than the
thorax. Wings transparent; the anterior being cloudy at their
extremities, and along the anterior edges. Abdomen, and hinder part of
the thorax, black and hairy. All the legs full of bristles; the hinder
ones having two long spines at the tarsi and tibial joints. One of the
sexes is much larger than the other.

Mr. Kirby (Monographia Apum Angliæ, Vol. II. p. 377.) has given this figure as a synonym of Andrena thoracica. This can however scarcely be correct, for not only does the locality given by Drury seem sufficiently to indicate a species distinct from our English insect, but the colour of the head is also different. Moreover, it appears to me that the description given by Drury, united to the curved antennæ which appear to be faithfully represented in the figure, and especially the character of the legs, are evidently intended for a fossorial rather than a melliferous Hymenopterous insect.

LEPISMA COLLARIS.

Plate XXXVII. fig. 5.

ORDER: Thysanura, _Leach_. Aptera, P. _Linn._ FAMILY: Lepismidæ.

GENUS. LEPISMA, _Linn._

LEPISMA COLLARIS. Obscure plumbea, fasciâ collaris apiceque abdominis
argenteo-niveis, caudâ triplici villosâ. (Long. Corp. cum seta interm. 12
lin.)

SYN. Lepisma collaris, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2. 64. _No._ 5.

Lepisma saccharia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. (nec _Linn._)

HABITAT: Antigua (_Drury_). "In Americæ meridionalis insulis" (_Fabr._).

Head small and hairy, being concealed beneath the thorax. The upper part
shines like silver. Mouth of a greyish colour, and furnished with four
palpi, whereof two are long and the other two short and thick. Eyes not
to be discerned. Antennæ about half the length of the insect; small, and
filiform, but full of joints. Thorax and abdomen dark lead-coloured,
shining like polished metal; being furnished along their sides with short
hairs. The former has a cream-coloured stripe crossing it from side to
side; it is also margined. In some specimens, the middle part of the
abdomen, from the thorax to the tail, is of a silvery white; but in
others the last ring only is so. At the extremity of the abdomen are
placed three tails, of equal lengths, like bristles, but very hairy.
These tails are in length about one-third of the whole insect; and, when
the creature is alive, are always carried in the position {77}represented
in the figure. The middle one seems immoveable, the others are not. All
the under part of the insect appears of a shining, silvery, white colour;
and near the extremity of the abdomen are placed four little horny
filaments, two on a side. Legs silvery. Thighs and tibiæ broad and thin.

MILESIA VIRGINIENSIS.

Plate XXXVII. fig. 6.

ORDER: Diptera. SECTION: Athericera. FAMILY: Syrphidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. MILESIA, _Latreille_. Musca, (_Drury_).

MILESIA VIRGINIENSIS. Fulva, thorace 2- abdomine 6-fasciato, hujus
fasciis 1 et 2, 3 et 4, 5 et 6, lineâ longitudinali connexis. (Long.
Corp. fere 1 unc.)

SYN. Musca Virginiensis, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

Milesia ornata, _Fabr. Syst. Antl._ 188. _Wiedemann Ausseur. Zw. Ins._ 2.
106.

HABITAT: Virginia.

Eyes black. Front of the head cream-colour. Antennæ like short hairs.
Thorax and abdomen yellow, with black rings. Wings transparent. Legs
yellow, and furnished with small hooks at their extremities. Breast
black, with yellow spots and patches. Ocelli distinct.

CÆLIOXYS? ANNULARIS.

Plate XXXVII. fig. 7.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Mellifera. FAMILY: Apidæ.

GENUS. CÆLIOXYS? _Latreille_. Apis, _Drury_.

CÆLIOXYS? ANNULARIS. Atra, capite marginibusque posticis segmentorum
abdominalium cinereis, antennis atris, pedibus fuscis. (Magn. Apis
mellific.)

SYN. Apis Annularis, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: New York.

Head ash-coloured. Eyes brown. Ocelli distinct. Tongue very distinct.
Antennæ black, and the length of the thorax, which is black likewise.
Abdomen black, with ash-coloured rings, both above and underneath,
terminating in a sharp point. Legs brown; the fore-ones being nearly as
long as the hinder.

PLATE XXXVIII.

STIZUS SPECIOSUS.

Plate XXXVIII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Fossores. FAMILY: Bembecidæ.

GENUS. STIZUS, _Latr. Jurine_. Sphex, _Drury_. Vespa Et Larra p. _Fabr._

STIZUS SPECIOSUS. Ferrugineus, abdomine atro fasciis tribus interruptis
flavis. (Long. Corp. fere 1 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Sphex Speciosus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. (1773.)

Vespa tricincta, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2. 254. 5. (1793.) _Syst. Piez._ 254.
5.

HABITAT: North America.

Head greenish brown: on the top are three little eyes. Mouth furnished
with jaws. Eyes large, oblong, and dark brown. Antennæ shorter than the
thorax. It has no tongue. Thorax greenish brown. {78}Anterior wings
extending beyond the abdomen, being thin and diaphanous. Abdomen
furnished with a sting, and entirely black, except the first three rings,
which are party-coloured, and mixed with yellow; the middle one being
surrounded with that colour. Legs dusky orange, but when living they were
probably of a yellow colour. Breast black, but covered with hairs, making
it appear of a greyish hue.

This is the largest and finest species of the genus to which it belongs. Drury, contrary to his usual practice, is silent as to its habitat, and Fabricius states America generally. I have received it from Mr. Titian R. Peale of Philadelphia. That it is identical with the Vespa tricincta of Fabricius I am enabled to state by an examination of the individual contained in the Banksian Collection, now belonging to the Linnæan Society of London, which was described by Fabricius.

TREMEX COLUMBA.

Plate XXXVIII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Terebrantia. FAMILY: Siricidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. TREMEX, _Jurine_. Sirex, _Linn. Drury._

TREMEX COLUMBA. Fusca, abdomine nigro lateribus flavo-marginatis alis,
nigris. (Long. Corp. 1 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Sirex Columba, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 2. 929. 2. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2.
105. 3. _Syst. Piez._ 49. 3.

Sirex cinctus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

Sirex pensylvanicus, _De Geer Mem._ 3. _pl._ 30. _f._ 13.

HABITAT: North America, New York.

Head and thorax brown orange, the former furnished with two jaws. Ocelli
distinct. Antennæ 16-jointed, of the length of the thorax, which does not
appear separated from the abdomen. Eyes narrow and oblong. Abdomen black,
and fringed with yellow; being as broad and thick at the extremity as the
middle. Wings dark brown (almost black) and narrow, but not folded. From
the upper part of the abdomen, near the middle, issues a tube which
covers, like a groove, a rough serrated bristle, being the instrument
through which the creature ejects its eggs. Legs brown orange, having a
strong tibial spur on each leg.

FORMICA RUBRIPES.

Plate XXXVIII. fig. 3.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Heterogyna. FAMILY: Formicidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. FORMICA, _Auct._

FORMICA RUBRIPES. Brunnea, capite nigro pedibusque brunneo-rubris. (Long.
Corp. 9 lin.)

SYN. Formica rubripes, _Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourn. p._ 112.

Formica barbara, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. (nec _Linn._)

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

Antennæ small, filiform, and about the length of the thorax. Head very
large, flattish, but rounded at top, and of a dirty black. Eyes small,
round, and placed at the back part of the head. {79}Thorax small and
brown. Abdomen the same colour, and smaller than the head, with a small
erected scale placed between it and the thorax. Legs red brown, having a
long tibial spur in the four hinder legs.

Drury referred this species to the Formica barbara of Linnæus, which is not only distinct in the colour of the head, which is red, but also in having two knots at the base of the abdomen, whence it belongs to the genus Myrmica.

The reader will find some interesting general details relative to the habits of the exotic species of the family to which this insect belongs, in the following observations which were published in the preface to the third volume, in the former edition of this work.

"The various species of _ants, cock-roaches, and other voracious vermin_, are so numerous as to be one of the greatest plagues the collector abroad has to encounter, insomuch that it is barely possible to preserve dried insects, and other animals, with the utmost care and the closest boxes, much less living ones, which require light and air: for as soon as caterpillars are brought out of the woods, and placed within doors, with an intention of breeding them, they seem to be, as in fact they are, out of the order of nature, and quickly fall victims to the rapacity of those agents whose province it is to remove animal or vegetable bodies, which having arisen to maturity, or lost the principles of life, are on their progress toward a slow dissolution, a state of useless inanimation or noxious putrescence. Indeed among these none are more useful in this point of view than the _ants_; but, considered as _noxious vermin_, and capable of destroying animals, or, in many instances, of preventing and frustrating human industry, we know perhaps of none more formidable. These insects, whether considered as the efficient servants of nature, keeping clean and wholesome the face of the creation, or as the ministers of Almighty Power preserving a due equality between animals and vegetables, perform, without exemption or reserve, his high behests. Like the angel of heaven, they walk steadily forward in the line ordained them, and spare neither magnitude nor beauty, neither the living nor the dead, but sweep away all kinds of animal substances with undeviating rigour and rapacious perseverance.

"Sometimes they proceed, like those I have mentioned in the preface to my first volume, driving all the inhabitants out of a town in a few hours, to a scene of which Mr. Smeathman was an eye-witness; and in other instances, as within the last twenty years, in some of the Caribbee Islands, like a slow but irresistible fire, they gradually, in two or three years, take possession of the land, and carry death and destruction to every kind of animals; so that not only pigeons and fowls, lambs and kids, but even calves and foals, which have been brought forth in the night, have been destroyed before the rising of the sun; and the inhabitants themselves, though they placed the posts of their beds in troughs of water, were driven out of them by these inevitable disturbers. This slow but enormous increase of ants in some of the sugar islands was unknown before the conclusion of the last peace; since which time they seem, in conjunction with some other insects, to have taken possession of many valuable sugar estates, and, by sucking the canes, have rendered {80}them incapable of yielding any of that rich juice from whence this vegetable salt is extracted.

"In consequence of this mischievous quality, estates which, by their usual produce, have cleared to the proprietors eight or ten thousand pounds a year, when overrun by these vermin, have not been able to pay the expense of cultivation, except the produce has been changed by planting cotton or indigo, which have been found to suffer much less from their depredations; but, unhappily, most of the planters were ruined before they could submit to give up the cultivation of sugar, which is by much the most profitable.

"It is not to be supposed, that hot countries are at all times infested to this degree. They never are, however, without an astonishing number of these insects, which no art, labour, or expense, can totally exclude from the dwellings of the inhabitants. The number of different species is not yet known, and is so great, added to the minuteness of most of them, that it probably never will be discovered with any degree of certainty. There are not less than fifteen or twenty species, which find their way into the houses. These are not only to be distinguished by their size, figure, and colour, but by their different properties. Some are near an inch long, from which, to that of being scarce visible to the naked eye, are various sizes. Some are long and slender, others short and thick; some are elegantly shaped and highly polished; while others are, according to vulgar apprehensions, deformed, armed with spines, and covered with bristly or coarse and rough skins. Some species also are black as the deepest jet; others of the deepest brown, or of different shades till they approach to yellow; and not a few are variegated, having some of the prismatic colours in full glow. They vary as much in their nature and dispositions: some destroy fresh collected plants; and, in spite of weights laid upon the books in which they are placed to dry, get in, cut the leaves and flowers in pieces, and carry them away. Others, of different species, attack all sorts of victuals, particularly sweet things, such as sugar and fruits. Mr. Smeathman has had large sugar-dishes emptied by these insects in one night, when the least opening has been left; and it is not easy to make any tin canister, or other vessel, close enough to exclude these insidious plunderers; so that the loss sustained in this article is often very great. Some of them will assail the side-boards, and cover every wine-glass that has had wine or punch left in it; nay, innumerable multitudes will even attack the liquors on your table, and, if you are not attentive, drown themselves in the very bowls and bottles before you. Some stragglers frequently disturb you by creeping over your skin, and interrupt your sleep or your meditations by biting, which, however, give pain but for a moment; while others, though of the smallest size, with a sort of malignant vengeance, creep under your clothes, and, by means of stings invisible to the unassisted eye, inject a most acrid venom, which causes a pain as sharp as a small spark of fire, lasting for some hours, and even a day or two after being stung, the pain of which is much increased by irritating the part. Some of the larger sorts also cause by their stings a pain which, for some moments, is scarcely less than that of a bee of the same size; but it {81}ceases in a few minutes, without leaving any inflammation behind. The different manners of this large and sagacious tribe of insects are, according to my friend's account, exceedingly various and amusing, but much too long for this occasion; neither would it be proper for me to enter farther into an account of them, as that gentleman purposes to treat minutely on their various histories in his Voyages and Travels: a book which, he informs me, is in some forwardness, and will doubtless afford great entertainment and information to the curious part of mankind."

RAPHIGASTER VALIDUS.

Plate XXXVIII. fig. 4.

ORDER: Hemiptera. SUBORDER: Heteroptera. SECTION: Geocorisa, _Latr._
FAMILY: Scutati, _Burm._ Pentatomidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. RAPHIGASTER, _Laporte_.

RAPHIGASTER VALIDUS. Pallidus, capite, pustulis duabus pronoti et
dentibus lateralibus obtusis, scutello (apice excepto) elytrisque
chalybeis, abdominis lateribus nigro maculatis. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)

SYN. Cimex variegatus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

Cimex validus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 1. (_pl._ 45. _fig._ 6. _eadem_).
_Klug. Burm. vol._ 2. _p._ 365.

Edessa Tarandus, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 4. 93. _Syst. Rhyng._ 147.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head dark mazarine blue, and small. Eyes and antennæ black. Thorax
cream-coloured, with two large blue spots upon it; each of its sides
being armed with a strong blue spine. Scutellum triangular, and dark
blue, the extremity cream-coloured. Abdomen red, with black streaks
crossing its margin. Hemelytra blue half way, the other half opake and
brown. Wings membranaceous and brown. Rostrum black. Under side of the
insect red (except the extremities of the legs, which are black), having
four triangular black spots running down the middle, and some others
placed on the sides.

This fine insect was noticed in the synoptical appendix to the second volume, under the name of Cimex variegatus, the same name having been also inadvertently applied to the insect figured in Vol. I. Pl. 45. Another figure of the same insect, but with the wings closed, is given in the third volume, Pl. 45. Fig. 6. in the synoptical appendix of which volume it is noticed, under the name of Cimex validus. It is therefore probable that our author was not aware of the specific identity of the two figures. To avoid the inconvenience arising from having two species bearing the same name, Cimex variegatus, I have adopted the name proposed in the third volume.

TETTIGONIA SANGUINEA.

Plate XXXVIII. fig. 5. Natural Size.--6. Magnified.

ORDER: Hemiptera. SUBORDER: Homoptera. FAMILY: Cercopidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. TETTIGONIA, _Latr. Germ._ (nec _Fabr._) Cicada, _Linn. Drury_.

TETTIGONIA SANGUINEA. Capite thoraceque luteo-fuscis, elytris sanguineis
apice stramineis, alis fuscentibus. (Expans. Alar. 9 lin.)

SYN. Cicada sanguinea, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

{82}Head yellowish brown. Antennæ small, and thread-like; being shorter
than the thorax. Rostrum extending along the breast to the abdomen,
exceedingly small like a hair. Thorax yellowish brown. Abdomen black.
Hemelytra red, the tips being yellow. Wings blackish brown. Under side of
the insect ash-coloured.

FORMICA BIHAMATA.

Plate XXXVIII. fig. 7. Natural Size.--8. Magnified.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Heterogyna, _Latr._ FAMILY: Formicidæ,
_Leach_.

GENUS: FORMICA, _Linn._

FORMICA BIHAMATA. Nigra, thorace ferrugineo antice quadrispinoso, squamâ
altissimâ spinis duabus arcuatis. (Long. Corp. 6 lin.)

SYN. Formica bihamata, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2. 361.
49. _Syst. Piez._ 411. 66. _Latreille Hist. Nat. Fourm._ 127. _Oliv. Enc.
Méth. Ins._ 6. 499.

HABITAT: Island of Johanna, near Madagascar.

Antennæ longer than the thorax, the first joint almost equal to the
remainder. Eyes small, and placed very backward. Head black and small,
armed with very strong and sharp jaws. Thorax brown, having on the fore
part two spines, one on each side bending outwardly; on the top are
likewise two more, bending towards the abdomen. The peduncular scale is
very large and erect, standing very high, and branching at top into two
hooks, which bend in opposite directions. Abdomen round, and larger than
the head; the fore part being brown, the hinder black. Legs black, the
hinder ones being longest.

PLATE XXXIX.

VESPA ORIENTALIS.

Plate XXXIX. fig. 1.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Diploptera. FAMILY: Vespidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. VESPA, _Linn. &c._

VESPA ORIENTALIS. Ferruginea, abdomine fasciâ flavâ ante apicem utrinque
bipunctatâ. (Long. Corp. 1 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Vespa orientalis, _Linn. Mant._ 540. _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 254. 4.

Vespa turcica, _Drury, App. vol._ 3.

HABITAT: Smyrna (_Drury_). "In Oriente" (_Linn._).

Front of the head yellow. Eyes brown. Antennæ the length of the thorax.
Ocelli distinct. Jaws black. Tongue not to be discovered. Thorax and
abdomen brown chesnut; the third and fourth rings of the latter yellow.
Wings thin, but not transparent. Legs brown; the anterior with a single
and the four posterior with two tibial spurs.

Drury observes of this and the next insect, that "they make nests like the mason-fly described in Vol. I. Pl. 44. Fig. 6." The correctness of this statement may however be questioned as regards both of the insects in question, which, from their evident relationship to the common English hornet (Vespa Crabro Linn.) must surely possess similar habits to those of that insect.

{83}SCOLIA 4-MACULATA.

Plate XXXIX. fig. 2.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Fossores. FAMILY: Scoliidæ.

GENUS. SCOLIA, _Fabr. Latr._ Sphex, _Linn._ Vespa, _Drury_.

SCOLIA 4-MACULATA. Hirta, nigra, fusco-pubescens, abdomine nigro maculis
quatuor fulvis, alis obscuris. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)

SYN. Scolia 4-maculata, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2. 229. 4. _Syst. Piez._ 240.
5.

Vespa maculata, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica (_Drury_). North America (_Fabr._).

Head brown. Antennæ the length of the thorax, which is also brown. Wings
nearly transparent. Abdomen black, with four yellow spots placed on the
upper side. Legs brown.

I have employed the Fabrician specific name in preference to that precedently employed by Drury, as being more appropriate, there being other species of the genus named 6-maculata and 2-maculata.

BOMBYLIUS PLUMIPES.

Plate XXXIX. fig. 3.

ORDER: Diptera. SECTION: Tanystoma. FAMILY: Bombyliidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. BOMBYLIUS, _Linn. &c._

BOMBYLIUS PLUMIPES. Flavido hirtus, alarum basi costâque brunneis, tarsis
posticis basi lobatis. (Long. Corp. 5½ lin.)

SYN. Bombylius plumipes, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Wiedemann Auss. Zw. Ins._
1. 351.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head brown; and from the mouth extends a very slender proboscis, through
which the insect obtains its food; being almost as long as the whole
body. Antennæ short, and like hairs. Wings transparent, but along the
anterior edges brown. Legs long, the hinder ones furnished at the base of
the tarsi with two remarkable flaps.

PEPSIS COERULEANA.

Plate XXXIX. fig. 4.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Fossores. FAMILY: Pompilidæ.

GENUS. PEPSIS, _Fabr. Latr._ Sphex, _Linn. Drury_.

PEPSIS COERULEANA. Nigra, alis coerulescenti-nitidis, pedibus aurantiis.
(Long. Corp. lin. 12.)

SYN. Sphex coeruleana, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Bight of Benin, Coast of Africa.

Head, antennæ, and eyes black. Ocelli distinct. It is tongueless, with
four palpi. Jaws strong. Wings fine deep mazarine blue, not folded, but
lying flat. Thorax and abdomen black. Legs orange-coloured; the fore ones
being furnished with a single tibial spur, the rest having two that are
rather long.

{84}This insect, according to Mr. Smeathman, makes a clicking noise when it flies, like a rocket, which may be heard at twenty yards distance. It is a very strong and rapacious insect, and is often seen flying from bush to bush with a grasshopper in its claws at least twice its own size, and which is evidently destined to be deposited in its nest, and to become the food of the future progeny of the Pepsis.

"There is a species like this found in the West Indies, with orange antennæ and black legs; also another that is entirely black."--_Drury._

MANTIS (THESPIS) PARVA.

Plate XXXIX. fig. 5.

ORDER: Orthoptera. SECTION: Cursoria. FAMILY: Mantidæ.

GENUS. MANTIS, _Linn._ SUBGENUS: Thespis, _Serville_.

MANTIS (THESPIS) PARVA. Pallidè olivaceo-fusca, prothorace longo
cylindrico, pedibus gracilibus simplicibus. (Long. Corp. 1 unc. 4½ lin.)

SYN. Mantis parva, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Oliv. Encycl. No._ 48.
_Serville Revis. Orthopt. p._ 28. (Thespis p.)

Mantis minuta, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2. 24.?

HABITAT: America.

When this insect was living it was probably of a light green colour; but
it is now entirely of a dusky olive. Head small. Eyes round, and placed
at a distance from each other. Antennæ small, and thread-like, and about
half the length of the insect. Thorax long and slender. Tegmina thin,
narrow, and diaphanous, of the same length with the wings; but narrower,
and placed at a little distance from them. Wings also thin and
diaphanous, and when closed extending to the anus. Abdomen slender and
rounded. Legs small and long, the hinder ones being formed rather for
running than jumping; the fore ones having thread-like tarsi.

PEPSIS RUBRA.

Plate XXXIX. fig. 6.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Fossores. FAMILY: Pompilidæ.

GENUS. PEPSIS, _Fabr. Latr._ Sphex, _Linn. Drury_.

PEPSIS RUBRA. Corpore pedibusque nigro cyaneis, antennis nigris, alis
rufis apice albis. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)

SYN. Sphex rubra, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

Pepsis Speciosa, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2. 217. 83. _Syst. Piez._ 215. 45.
_Pal. Beauv. Ins. d'Afr. et d'Amer. Hym. Pl._ 2. _f._ 5.

HABITAT: Antigua (_Drury_). Saint Domingo (_Pal. Beauv._).

Head and antennæ black; it has four palpi, no tongue, but strong jaws.
Ocelli distinct. Thorax, abdomen, and all the legs deep mazarine blue,
nearly black. Wings red; the tips being transparent. Legs furnished with
spines at the tips of the tibiæ; the fore ones having only one, all the
rest two.

Fabricius (Syst. Piez. 214. 33.) refers this figure to the Sphex coerulea of Linnæus, which differs in having the wings ferruginous but black at the base ("basi nigræ," Linn.) and {85}white at the tips, and in the antennæ, being ferruginous at the tips. It is to be observed that Linnæus has described two species under the name of Sphex coerulea, the first belonging to the genus Pelopæus, and being the Sphex cyanea of Fabricius; and the second, above noticed, and being the auripennis of De Geer, which latter name, in order to prevent all confusion arising from the employment of the name of coerulea, it would be desirable to adopt.

PELOPÆUS PETIOLATUS.

Plate XXXIX. fig. 7.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Fossores. FAMILY: Sphegidæ.

GENUS. PELOPÆUS, _Latr. Fabr._ Sphex, _Drury_.

PELOPÆUS PETIOLATUS. Fuscus, thorace abdomineque nitidis brunneis.
(Expans. Alar. 1 unc.)

SYN. Sphex petiolatus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head and antennæ brown. Thorax and abdomen shining dark brown, and
separated by a rather long peduncle. Wings brown and thin. Legs also
brown; the fore ones having a single tibial spur, the rest having two.

SPHEX PENSYLVANICA.

Plate XXXIX. fig. 8.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Fossores. FAMILY: Sphegidæ.

GENUS. SPHEX, _Linn. Latr. &c._ Pepsis, _Fabr. Pal. Beauv._

SPHEX PENSYLVANICA. Nigra, abdomine petiolato atro, alis subviolaceis.
(Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Sphex Pensylvanica, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 2. 941. _Fabr. Syst.
Piez._ 211. 15. (Pepsis v.) _Paul. Beauv. Ins. d'Afr. et d'Amer. Hym.
pl._ 3 _fig._ 4.

Sphex coerulea, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. (nec _Linn. Syst. N._)

HABITAT: New York.

Head and antennæ black. Ocelli distinct. Mouth furnished with jaws, but
no tongue to be discerned. Thorax and abdomen dark mazarine blue, almost
black; the former is hairy, and separated from the latter by a slender
peduncle. Wings brown and thin. Legs dark blue; the fore ones with a
single tibial spur, all the rest having two.

PLATE XL.

TRUXALIS BRASILIENSIS.

Plate XL. fig. 1.

ORDER: Orthoptera. SECTION: Saltatoria. FAMILY: Locustidæ.

GENUS. TRUXALIS, _Fabr._ Gryllus P. _Drury_.

TRUXALIS BRASILIENSIS. Elytris pallide fulvescentibus, vittâ
longitudinali mediâ virescenti, nigro irregulariter marginatâ, alis
hyalinis dimidio anali roseo. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Gryllus brasiliensis, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

{86}Head long, conical; the mouth seeming placed in the breast. Eyes
oblong, situated at the upper part near the extremity of the head; there
is also an ocellus placed between them on the under side, which is
observable in all those whose heads are shaped like this. Antennæ as long
as the head, and shaped like a three-edged sword. Thorax striped with
green, brown, and white. Abdomen light brown, and streaked with black at
top, but on the sides white. Tegmina light sand-coloured; having in the
middle a narrow longitudinal line, indented with green and black. Wings
transparent, and prettily dappled; being of a beautiful red colour next
the body, which becomes fainter as it approaches the disk of the wings.
Hind legs long, and formed for leaping; the others are short. Tibiæ
furnished with sharp spines.

Fabricius refers this figure to the Truxalis nasutus Linn. which is found in Africa, and Mr. Smeathman also informed Mr. Drury that the species here figured is found in Africa, in the savannahs, and that its flight is very rapid. I have considered them on the contrary as specifically distinct.

PHLOEA CORTICATA.

Plate XL. fig. 2.

ORDER: Hemiptera. SUBORDER: Heteroptera. SECTION: Geocorisa. FAMILY:
Longilabres, _Latr._ Scutati, _Burm._

GENUS. PHLOEA, _St. Farg. & Serv., Lap._ Cimex, _Drury_. Phloeocoris,
_Burmeister_.

PHLOEA CORTICATA. Supra grisea, tuberculis multis rufo-fuscis subnitidis
adspersa, subtus nigra appendiculis marginalibus griseis, laciniis
capitis convergentibus. (Long. Corp. 11 lin.)

SYN. Cimex corticatus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Laporte Hemipt. p._ 56.
(Phloea c.) _Burmeister Rh._ 2. 371. 1. (Phloeocoris c.) _Guérin Icon. R.
An. Ins._ 55. _f._ 5.

Phloea cassidoides, _St. F. & Serv. Enc. Méth._ 10. _p._ 111.

Aradus laminatus, _Kirby & Spence Introd. to Ent._ 3. 617. & 718.

HABITAT: Brazil.

Body exceedingly thin and flat in proportion to its breadth. Head
triangular. Antennæ about one-fourth the length of the insect; the
extremities being a little thicker than the other parts. Eyes small and
round. Rostrum extending to the middle of the abdomen. All the parts
exhibited in the plate are of a sandy olive colour, and serve as a shield
or covering to the thorax, abdomen, legs, &c. which are hid beneath it.
Scutellum large and triangular. Hemelytra entirely opaque and small, not
covering the abdomen by a considerable space. Wings membranous. Legs
smooth and dappled.

SCOLIA FLAVIFRONS?

Plate XL. fig. 3.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Fossores. FAMILY: Scoliidæ.

GENUS. SCOLIA, _Fabr. Latr. &c._

SCOLIA FLAVIFRONS? Atra, fronte flavâ, abdomine maculis quatuor flavis.
(Long. Corp. fere 2 unc.)

SYN. Scolia flavifrons, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 229. _No._ 5.

Sphex maculata, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Coast of the Morea.

{87}Head brown orange-coloured. Eyes oblong and dark brown. Antennæ
thickest towards their extremities. Ocelli distinct. Mouth black,
furnished with two jaws, but having neither tongue nor palpi. Thorax
black, with a brown orange spot on the top, and two others next the head.
Abdomen black and hairy; the second and third segments having two orange
spots on them; the fourth, fifth, and sixth being ringed with orange.
Under side black, with some orange hairs near the anus. Wings plain and
flat, not folded, of a yellowish colour, and almost diaphanous. Legs
black and hairy. Tarsi and articulations furnished with strong hairs and
spines, which entirely surround them.

PELECINUS POLITURATOR.

Plate XL. fig. 4.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Pupivora. FAMILY: Evaniidæ?

GENUS. PELECINUS, _Fabr. Latr._ Ichneumon, _Drury_.

PELECINUS POLITURATOR. Niger, antennis annulo medio albo, tibiis posticis
sericeo-dilatatis. (Long. Corp. 2 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Ichneumon Polyturator (errore pro politurator), _Drury, App. vol._
2.

Pelecinus Polycerator, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 111. 1. _Say American
Entomology, vol._ 1. _pl._ XV.

HABITAT: Jamaica (_Drury_). "Not uncommon in various parts of the United
States" (_Say_). India (_Fabricius_, incorrectly).

Head small and black. Eyes oblong and dark brown. Antennæ black and
filiform, having two yellow spots on them near their extremities. Ocelli
distinct. Mouth with two jaws, but no tongue, and furnished with four
palpi, two of which are long, slender, and filiform; the others are very
short. Thorax black like pitch, and shining, as if finely polished; as is
every part of the insect. Abdomen exceeding long and black, consisting of
six articulations; the last being very short and pointed. Legs small and
black; the hinder tibiæ being remarkably thick and strong in proportion
to the other parts.

The late lamented Mr. Say, who may justly be regarded as the Linnæus of America, says of this truly singular insect, that its flight is slow and awkward, and when taken it endeavours to force the point of the abdomen through the skin of the hand, but its strength is not adequate to the task. The whole abdomen resembles a much elongated pedicle, from which the abdomen itself, or dilated portion, has been accidentally removed.

PLATE XLI.

LOCUSTA OBSCURA.

Plate XLI. fig. 1.

ORDER: Orthoptera. SECTION: Saltatoria. _Family_: Locustidæ.

GENUS. LOCUSTA. Gryllus (Locusta) _Linn._ Gryllus, _Fabr._ SUBGENUS:
Locusta proper. Oedipoda, _Serv._

LOCUSTA OBSCURA. Thorace lævi; elytris fuscis; alis disco rubro, fasciâ
nigrâ, apice hyalinâ. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Gryllus obscurus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 2. 701. 50. _De Geer Ins._
3. 492. 8. _t._ 41. _f._ 4. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2. 58. 47.

HABITAT: Cape Coast, Africa.

{88}Antennæ brown and filiform, the length of the thorax. Head
clay-coloured, rounded. Thorax smooth, brown, and angulated. Tegmina
clay-coloured. Wings next the body red, and surrounded with a broad black
bar running up to the anterior edge, the tips being transparent. Legs
clay-coloured. Hinder femora broad, and prettily chequered on the
outside, the inside being black. Posterior tibiæ red and spined.

GRYLLUS (PHYLLOPTERUS) MYRTIFOLIUS.

Plate XLI. fig. 2.

ORDER: Orthoptera. SECTION: Saltatoria. FAMILY: Gryllidæ (Locustaires,
_Latr. &c._)

GENUS. GRYLLUS. Sect. Gryllus (Tettigonia), _Linn._ Locusta, _Latr._
SUBGENUS. Phylloptera, _Serv._

GRYLLUS (PHYLLOPTERUS) MYRTIFOLIUS. Thorace subtetragono, lævi; alis
deflexis elytris longioribus, oviductu brevissimo recurvo. (Expans. tegm.
1 unc. 6 lin. Alar. 2 unc.)

SYN. Gryllus Myrtifolius, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 2. 696. 18. _Fabr. Ent.
Syst._ 2. _p._ 34. _De Geer Mem. vol._ 2. _pl._ 41. _f._ 2. _Stoll.
Sauter. pl._ a. 5. _fig._ 16. _Serville Revis. Orth. p._ 45.

HABITAT: New York (_Drury_). America (_Fabr. &c._).

Antennæ small and filiform. Head dusky yellow. Thorax and abdomen brown,
but when the insect was living were probably green; the former has a
yellow stripe on each side. Tegmina green, and narrowing towards the
tips. Wings thin, transparent, and of a greenish hue. Legs green; the
hinder ones being very long, with the tibiæ spined.

LOCUSTA (RUTIDODERES) CENTURIO.

Plate XLI. fig. 3.

ORDER: Orthoptera. SECTION: Saltatoria. FAMILY: Gryllidæ (Locustaires,
_Latr. &c._)

GENUS. LOCUSTA. Gryllus (Locusta), _Linn._ Acrydium, _Latr._ SUBGENUS:
Rutidoderes, _Westw._

LOCUSTA (RUTIDODERES) CENTURIO. Pallidè olivaceo-fulvescens, elytris
nigro numerosè punctatis, alis sanguineis margine nigro et interno nigro
tesselatis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Gryllus Centurio, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: The Bay of Honduras, America.

Head dusky olive brown. Antennæ yellow, the tips black. Eyes red brown.
Thorax olive brown, having a sharp indented ridge on the top, and one on
each side; that on the top being black. Abdomen dark brown. Tegmina pale
olive, spotted all over with darker spots of various shapes. Wings
scarlet; the edges, except the abdominal, black; which, at the tips, and
along the external edges, forms a kind of lattice work, breaking in upon
the black division. Legs yellowish brown, the hinder tibiæ being spinose;
tarsi with a cup-like pulvillus between the claws.

Gryllus reticulatus (Fabr. sp. Ins. 1. p. 362. No. 7.) figured by Donovan in his Insects of India, Pl. 12. Fig. 1., and said to be from Bengal, is very closely allied to, if indeed it be not identical with, the species here figured.

{89}LOCUSTA (PHYMATEA) PUNCTATA.

Plate XLI. fig. 4.

ORDER: Orthoptera. SECTION: Saltatoria. FAMILY: Gryllidæ (Locustaires,
_Latr. &c._)

GENUS. LOCUSTA. Gryllus (Locusta), _Linn._ Acrydium, _Latr._ SUBGENUS:
Phymateus, _Thunberg_.

LOCUSTA (PHYMATEA) PUNCTATA. Thorace verrucoso atro, elytris atris flavo
punctatis, alis atris, abdomine rufo annulato. (Long. Corp. cum alis
claus. 2 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Gryllus punctatus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2. 51.
19. _Thunberg Mem. Acad. Imp. St. Petersb. p._ 258. _Stoll. Sauter. pl._
7. b. _f._ 24. A. _Donovan Ins. India_, _pl._ 12. _fig._ 2.

HABITAT: East India.

Antennæ black, and longer than the thorax. Eyes small, round, and red
brown. Head black at top, the middle being yellow; the lower part, with
the mouth, black. Thorax rough and margined, full of spines and
tubercles, both at top and on the sides; the former being black, the
latter yellow. Breast black. Abdomen the same, ringed with red. Tegmina
black, prettily spotted with yellow; the spots next the tips being
smallest. Wings entirely black. Anus red. Legs black; the hinder thighs
being marked on the outside with yellow.

PLATE XLII.

LOCUSTA COERULEA.

Plate XLII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Orthoptera. SECTION: Saltatoria. FAMILY: Locustidæ.

GENUS. LOCUSTA. Acrydium, _Latr._ Oedipoda, _Serv._

LOCUSTA COERULEA. Obscurè viridis, alis posticis hyalinis coeruleis,
angulo externo nigro, femoribus medio flavis. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 3
lin.)

SYN. Gryllus coeruleus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Calabar, Western Coast of Africa, 6° North L.

Head dark dirty green. Antennæ ----? Thorax dirty green and smooth,
without any tubercles. Tegmina dark green, and opake. Wings thin and
blue; the tips being much darker. Abdomen dark green. Legs the same, the
hinder femora striped on the outside with yellow and light green, but on
the inside entirely yellow; the tips being black.

LOCUSTA (RUTIDODERES) MILES.

Plate XLII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Orthoptera. SECTION: Saltatoria. FAMILY: Gryllidæ (Locustaires),
_Latr. &c._

GENUS. LOCUSTA. Gryllus (Locusta), _Linn. &c._ Acrydium, _Latr._
SUBGENUS: Rutidoderes, _Westw._

LOCUSTA (RUTIDODERES) MILES. Fusca, capitis lineis duabus marginalibus
margineque postico thoracis flavis, elytris brunneis, alis nigris maculis
duabus magnis sanguineis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Gryllus Miles, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Bay of Honduras, America.

Head green. Face striped on each side with yellow. Antennæ black. Thorax
dark green; posterior edges yellow. Abdomen black, but when the insect
was living, probably green. Tegmina entirely red brown. Wings black, with
a scarlet patch near the tips, running from the anterior almost {90}to
the posterior edges; another considerable part of the wings is likewise
scarlet, running from the body to the middle, and from thence to the
abdominal corners; the posterior and anterior edges being black. Legs
dark green, almost black, and variously spotted with yellow: the fore and
middle ones having a spot on each femur and tibia, the hinder ones having
three on each femur, and two on each tibia.

GRYLLUS (GRYLLACRIS) TESSELATUS.

Plate XLII. fig. 3.

ORDER: Orthoptera. SECTION: Saltatoria. FAMILY: Gryllidæ.

GENUS. GRYLLUS (Locusta), _Latreille_. SUBGENUS: Gryllacris, _Serville_.

GRYLLUS (GRYLLACRIS) TESSELATUS. Fusco-fulvescens, alis diaphanis nigro
undique tesselatis. (Expans. elytr. 2 unc. 6 lin. Alar. 3 unc.)

SYN. Gryllus tesselatus, _Drury_, _App. vol_. 2.

Gryllacris maculicollis [male]? _Serville Revis. Orthopt. p_. 42.

HABITAT: Island of Johanna, near Madagascar.

General colour brownish yellow. Head smooth. Eyes rather prominent and
dark brown, with a whitish streak between them. Antennæ the length of the
insect. Mouth furnished with four palpi, knobbed at the extremities.
Thorax margined, and a little indented. Scutellum, which is not seen when
the wings are closed, whiteish and triangular. Tegmina thin, and full of
tendons. Wings nearly diaphanous, and prettily speckled with cross marks
in a zigzag manner. Legs strong; the hinder ones formed for leaping.
Tibiæ armed with spines, pointing downwards; those on the hinder ones
being shortest. Abdomen very singularly formed, the last segment
terminating in a kind of horny beak which curls inwards, but widens and
expands at the extremity, so as to appear like a knob or club; and close
above it, but on the upper part of the abdomen, are four filaments about
the size of the antennæ; two of them being longer than the other,
extending to the very extremity of this part. (See Fig. IV.)

The antennæ in this subgenus are of very great length, being many times longer than the whole body. The specimen, therefore, figured by Drury was evidently mutilated in these organs.

PLATE XLIII.

ACHETA (SCHIZODACTYLA) MONSTROSA.

Plate XLIII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Orthoptera. SECTION: Saltatoria. FAMILY: Achetidæ.

GENUS. ACHETA, _Fabr._ Gryllus, _Latr._ SUBGENUS: Schizodactylus,
_Brullé_.

ACHETA (SCHIZODACTYLA) MONSTROSA. Elytris alisque caudatis convolutis,
corpore luteo-fusco punctis nigris. (Long. Corp. 1 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Gryllus monstrosus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2.
29. 2. (Acheta m.)

Schizodactylus monstrosus, _Aud. & Brullé Hist. Nat. Ins. tom_. ix. _s.
g._ 24. _Donovan Ins. India_, _pl._ 12. _fig._ 3.

HABITAT: India (_Fabricius_).

Antennæ considerably longer than the body, filiform. Mouth furnished with
strong jaws, and four palpi; two of which are very long. General colour
dusky olive brown. Wings and tegmina extending {91}as far beyond the body
as its own length, and curling in a most singular manner, being very
curiously folded together. Body with two short tails placed at its
extremity. Legs longer than usual with insects of this kind; each of the
thighs being furnished with spines, and also the tips of the tibiæ. Tarsi
four-pointed, besides the claws; those of the fore and middle legs having
on each side two small appendages like flaps. Hinder tarsi furnished on
each side with five of these flaps, some of which appear moveable, others
fixed, as represented in the plate.

ACHETA MEMBRANACEA.

Plate XLIII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Orthoptera. SECTION: Saltatoria. FAMILY: Achetidæ.

GENUS. ACHETA, _Fabr._ Gryllus Acheta, _Linn._ Gryllus, _Latr._

ACHETA MEMBRANACEA. Luteo-fusca, pronoti annulis duobus nigris, alis
corpore longioribus, tarsis posticis quinque spinosis. (Long. Corp. 2
unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Gryllus membranaceus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Bay of Honduras, Musquito Shore.

Antennæ long, filiform. General colour yellowish brown. Thorax with two
rings, almost black. Wings extending beyond their cases, terminating in
two tails that are folded; each representing a two-edged sword. Abdomen
furnished with two bristles. At the tips of the hinder tibiæ are placed
five spines, one being quite small; the middle ones have four, that are
small; and the fore ones one.

From the information furnished to Mr. Drury by Mr. Smeathman we learn that the children in Africa are, at the proper season, very busily employed digging out of the ground the females, when full of eggs, of a species exactly the size and form of this, on which they make an agreeable repast, roasting generally the whole animal, but eating only the eggs, which are contained in a bag, and resemble part of the roe of a large fish, deeming it very delicate food. These, like the European crickets, make a continual and noisy chirping all day long; and the open parts of the country are never without this music, which ceases neither night nor day. Some sing only in the day, others only in the night, and others again are never silent. Of those which sing only in the night, one small species, about the size of the Gryllus Campestris of Linnæus, sallies out of its retreat early in the evening, making so loud and shrill a chirping that it may he said to pierce the ear; and, as certainly as it sings within doors, it silences a whole company. It fills a large room so completely with its note, which is something like the sound caused by rubbing a tobacco-pipe round the edge of a wine-glass, that those unaccustomed to it cannot tell how to direct their search after it. When they are looking for it, the noise will sometimes cease for half a minute, and begin again, when the searchers will be as much at a loss as ever. The black people, however, who have perhaps the most accurate ears in the world, readily find them, and generally without mercy put an end to their lives and their notes together. Different species sing their wild notes among the distant banks, and are heard in the rivers through the mangroves, though those trees often form a thick wood between the navigable {92}parts of the river and the dry land of a quarter or half a mile deep. The mountains and the woods also echo with them all the night long, and the full concert is very distinctly heard on board the ships, during a calm night, as they lie at their usual anchorages in the bays and creeks on the sea coasts.

PLATE XLIV.

LOCUSTA (RUTIDODERES) DUX.

Plate XLIV.

ORDER: Orthoptera. SECTION: Saltatoria. FAMILY: Gryllidæ (Locustaires,
_Latr. &c._)

GENUS. LOCUSTA. Gryllus (Locusta), _Linn._ Acrydium, _Latr._ SUBGENUS:
Rutidoderes, _Westw._

LOCUSTA (RUTIDODERES) DUX. Thorace carinato scabro; elytris viridibus,
alis rufis fusco-maculatis. (Expans. 7 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Gryllus dux, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. _Oliv. Encycl. Méth. No._ 4.
(Acrydium D.) _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2. 47. 4. _Serville Revis. Orthopt._ 92.

HABITAT: Bay of Honduras (_Drury_). Brazil (_Serville_).

Head dusky yellowish olive. Eyes prominent. Antennæ black, and of equal
thickness throughout; consisting of twenty-seven articulations, being a
little longer than the thorax, which is of a dusky olive, and ending
upwards in a sharp ridge, which is dentated and uneven. Tegmina dusky
green, with a great many faint dark spots on them. Wings red, and edged
with black; having a great number of dark spots on them of different
shapes and sizes, many of which appear like beards of arrows. Abdomen
large and green. Thighs reddish brown, chequered with white. Legs the
same, the spines being black.

PLATE XLV.

LIBELLULA LUCIA.

Plate XLV. fig. 1.

ORDER: Neuroptera. SECTION: Subulicornes. FAMILY: Libellulidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. LIBELLULA, _Auct._

LIBELLULA LUCIA. Thorace olivaceo lineis duabus lateralibus apiceque
flavis, alis hyalino-subflavis, strigâ subcostali maculâque versus basin
fasciâque triangulari mediâ fuscis, stigmate albo, nigro terminato.
(Expans. Alar. 2 unc.)

SYN. Libellula Lucia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

Libellula variegata, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2. 382. 40. (nec _Linn. Syst.
Nat._ 904. 18. ex Indiis.) _Pal. Beauv. Ins. d'Afr. et d'Amer. Neur. pl._
2. _fig._ 4.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

Front of the head green. Eyes contiguous. Thorax dark green; being
striped obliquely on the sides with two yellow streaks, and another on
the top. Abdomen yellowish green, with two dark stripes running
longitudinally on the sides. Legs dark green. Wings transparent, with a
slender white streak near the tips of each, and a small black spot
joining thereto, which are placed on the anterior edges; from the small
edges, near the middle of each wing, a small dark cloud arises that
crosses the wings, those of the superior running lowest. Near the body
another small cloud is placed, being largest and strongest in the
superior wings; the fore part of which is embellished with two slender
black streaks running parallel, and near to the anterior edges.

{93}AGRION CAIA.

Plate XLV. fig. 2.

ORDER: Neuroptera. SECTION: Subulicornes. FAMILY: Libellulidæ, _Leach_.
SUBFAMILY: Agrionides.

GENUS. AGRION, _Fabr._ Calepteryx, _Leach_. Libellula p. _Drury_.

AGRION CAIA. Cuprea, abdomine nigro, alis hyalinis basi sanguineis,
posticis etiam maculâ parvâ apicali sanguineâ. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3
lin.)

SYN. Libellula Caia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: South America.

Front of the head blueish black. Eyes distant. Thorax copper
gold-coloured. Abdomen black and slender. Legs black. Wings transparent,
but next the body are of a fine lively red; the posterior having a small
spot of that colour placed at their tips.

This insect is nearly allied to Agrion Brightwelli, Kirby (Linn. Trans. vol. 14. t. 3. fig. 5.) which is also an inhabitant of Brazil.

LIBELLULA MARCIA.

Plate XLV. fig. 3.

ORDER: Neuroptera. SECTION: Subulicornes. FAMILY: Libellulidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. LIBELLULA, _Auct._

LIBELLULA MARCIA. Coerulea aut ænea nitida, alis albido-flavis, anticis
maculis duabus apiceque fuscis, posticis strigis duabus basalibus, fasciâ
undatâ anali, maculis tribus apiceque fuscis, basi flavis. (Expans. Alar.
2 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Libellula Marcia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

Libellula Murcia, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2. 376. 11.

HABITAT: The Island of Johanna, near Madagascar.

Head black. Eyes contiguous. Thorax and abdomen dark blue, but now much
faded. Wings transparent and of a yellowish hue, with a small dusky cloud
on each tip. The anterior having two small brown spots (almost black) on
each; one at the middle of the anterior edge, the other near the body.
Posterior wings broad and deep; the anterior edges next the body being
finely ornamented with dark brown spots and clouds, that extend along
that part for about half an inch: two small dusky spots are placed near
the centre of each; and at the abdominal corners is a long waved spot of
a fine dark brown, extending along the posterior edges; the space between
it and the anterior edges being of a deeper yellow than the other parts
of the wings.

LIBELLULA DOMITIA.

Plate XLV. fig. 4.

ORDER: Neuroptera. SECTION: Subulicornes. FAMILY: Libellulidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. LIBELLULA, _Auct._

LIBELLULA DOMITIA. Luteo-rufescens, abdomine maculis dorsalibus flavis,
alis fulvis stigmate nigricanti. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Libellula Domitia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

{94}Front of the head yellow. Eyes contiguous. Thorax and abdomen pale
reddish brown; the former striped obliquely with green on its sides, the
latter spotted with yellow on the top. Legs dusky yellowish green. Wings
brownish yellow, with a small dark streak (almost black) placed on the
anterior edges of each, near the tips.

AGRION TITIA.

Plate XLV. fig. 5.

ORDER: Neuroptera. SECTION: Subulicornes. FAMILY: Libellulidæ, _Leach_.
SUBFAMILY: Agrionides.

GENUS. AGRION, _Fabr._ Calepteryx, _Leach._ Libellula p. _Drury_.

AGRION TITIA. Atra; dimidio basali alarum anticarum fusco, plagâ magnâ
internâ sanguineâ, apice fusco; posticis fuscis maculâ hyalinâ
subapicali. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Libellula Titia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Bay of Honduras.

Head, thorax, and abdomen black. Eyes distant. Legs black. Anterior wings
next the body red; which is surrounded, except on the posterior edges,
with dark brown, occupying half the wings; the other half is transparent,
with a dusky spot at the tips. When the insect is placed on a dark
ground, the transparent parts of the wings appear to be surrounded with a
small narrow edging of a grey colour. Posterior wings dark brown, with a
transparent spot on each, situated about an eighth of an inch from the
tips.

PLATE XLVI.

LIBELLULA VARIEGATA.

Plate XLVI. fig. 1.

ORDER: Neuroptera. SECTION: Subulicornes. FAMILY: Libellulidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. LIBELLULA, _Linn. &c._

LIBELLULA VARIEGATA. Alis flavis fusco maculatis et undulatis, posticis
versus apicem maculâ magnâ fuscâ, puncto flavo; apice albo. (Expans.
Alar. 3 unc.)

SYN. Libellula variegata, _Linn. Am. Acad._ 6. 412. 86. _Syst. Nat._ 1.
2. 904. 18.

Libellula Histrio, _Fabr. Mant. Ins._ 1. 337. 24. 10.

Libellula Indica, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 2. 376. _Guérin Icon. R. An. Ins.
pl._ 60. _fig._ 1.

Libellula Arria, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: China, India.

Front of the head black. Eyes contiguous. Thorax and abdomen black.
Anterior wings transparent for about two-fifths next the extremities,
having a small black streak on the anterior edges near the tips; the
remaining part of these wings dark yellow, with a broad, irregular, dark
brown bar crossing the middle, and a spot of the same colour placed
between that and the body. Posterior wings very deep, and of the same
dark yellow with the anterior, except the tips, which are transparent;
and joining thereto is a large dark brown patch, with an oval yellow spot
near its centre: an irregular, waved, dark brown bar runs along the
posterior edges, beginning at the abdominal corners and ending about the
middle of the wings: another waved bar runs along the anterior edges,
beginning at the body and ending also at the middle of the wings; the
extremities of the two bars nearly meeting, or joining together.

{95}LIBELLULA FULVIA.

Plate XLVI. fig. 2.

ORDER: Neuroptera. SECTION: Subulicornes. FAMILY: Libellulidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. LIBELLULA, _Linn. &c._

LIBELLULA FULVIA. Luteo-testacea; alis fulvescentibus strigâ subcostali
basali fuscâ stigmateque fusco. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 4½ lin.)

SYN. Libellula Fulvia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: China.

Front of the head dark yellow. Eyes contiguous. Thorax and abdomen tawny
orange, the former being of a pale clay colour underneath. Wings dark
tawny orange; and on the anterior edges of each, next the body, runs a
narrow dark brown streak, about half an inch long: on the same edges
also, near the tips, is another small streak, appearing of a dark brown
colour when the insect is placed on a white ground, but when placed on a
dark one is of a light clay colour: the posterior edges, next the
abdominal corners, are also dark brown.

LIBELLULA TULLIA.

Plate XLVI. fig. 3.

ORDER: Neuroptera. SECTION: Subulicornes. FAMILY: Libellulidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. LIBELLULA, _Auct._

LIBELLULA TULLIA. Coeruleo-nigra, alarum dimidio basali fusco, apice
cinerascenti-hyalino stigmate nigro. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Libellula Tullia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Bombay.

Head black. Eyes contiguous. Thorax and abdomen black; but when the
insect was living, were probably mazarine blue. About three-fifths of the
wings, next the body, are of a very dark brown; the remainder being grey,
almost transparent, with a small streak on the anterior edges of each,
near the tips.

LESTES PAULINA.

Plate XLVI. fig. 4.

ORDER: Neuroptera. SECTION: Subulicornes. FAMILY: Libellulidæ, _Leach_.
SUBFAMILY: Agrionides.

GENUS. LESTES, _Leach_. Libellula p. _Drury_.

LESTES PAULINA. Thorace griseo, lineis nigris, abdomine nigro griseo
annulato; alis hyalinis apice fuscis, stigmate nigro. (Expans. Alar. 2
unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Libellula Paulina, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Bay of Honduras.

Head black. Eyes distant. Antennæ very short and thick. Thorax grey, and
striped obliquely on the sides with black. Abdomen black, long, and
slender; each articulation being grey. Legs grey, being striped at top
with black. Wings transparent, except at the tips, where they are of a
very dark brown; having a small black spot placed on the anterior edges
of each near their extremities.

{96}PLATE XLVII.

LIBELLULA AXILENA.

Plate XLVII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Neuroptera. SECTION: Subulicornes. FAMILY: Libellulidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. LIBELLULA, _Auct._

LIBELLULA AXILENA. Capite maculis 5 albis, thoracis dorso lateribusque
virescentibus, abdominè luteo dorso fusco; alis albis hyalinis strigâ
parvâ subcostali basali, margineque tenui (pone medium) nigris stigmate
albo. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Libellula Lydia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. (nec _vol._ 1. _pl._ 47.
_fig._ 1.)

HABITAT: Virginia.

Mouth white. Eyes contiguous. Antennæ short and small, but distinct and
plain when viewed through a microscope. On the back part of the head are
situated five white spots. Thorax golden brown at top, the sides being of
a pale green. Abdomen black at top, the sides being of a tawny orange;
beneath pale green. Wings transparent; each having a very narrow dark
brown border, beginning at the middle of the anterior edges and running
round the tops, where it ends: a very narrow black streak also is placed
near these edges, close to the body, from whence it seems to issue, being
about a quarter of an inch in length.

Our author having inadvertently applied the same name to this handsome species which he had given to that figured in vol. 1. pl. 47. fig. 1, I have been compelled to give this a new specific denomination.

LIBELLULA EPONINA.

Plate XLVII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Neuroptera. SECTION: Subulicornes. FAMILY: Libellulidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. LIBELLULA, _Auct._

LIBELLULA EPONINA. Alis flavescentibus fasciis subtribus nigris. (Expans.
Alar. 2 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Libellula Eponina, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. _Fabr. Syst. Ent._ 2.
382. _No._ 39.

HABITAT: Boston, New England (_Drury_). Carolina (_Fabr._).

Mouth white. Eyes contiguous. Thorax and abdomen dark brown, the latter
being clouded with black. Wings of a yellowish hue, each having two dark
brown bars crossing them, one a little distance from the tips, the other
near the middle of the wing; between the latter and the body is placed a
dark brown spot with a streak above it, those on the inferior wings being
largest and most distinct.

LIBELLULA PORTIA.