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MANUSCRIPT MATERIAL

Allen, Ethan, _Calendar of Maryland State Papers_. In the Library of
the Maryland Historical Society.

_Bancroft Papers relating to Carolina._ In the New York City Library.

_Baptismal Register of Mobile, Alabama, from 1704 to 1740._ In the
Cathedral at Mobile.

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_Louisiana Historical Society Transcripts._ New Orleans, La.

_Massachusetts Manuscript Records._ In the State House at Boston.

_Mississippi Manuscript Records._ Jackson, Miss.

_Notes et Documents Historiques de la Louisiane._ Transcript in the
library of the Louisiana Historical Society. New Orleans, La.

_Records of the Friends’ Yearly Meeting of Pennsylvania and the
Jersies._ Philadelphia Meeting House.

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Parts._ In the Society’s Building. London.

_Selection of Christian and Brotherly Advices given forth from Time
to Time by the Yearly Meeting of Friends for Pennsylvania and
New Jersey held alternately at Burlington and Philadelphia:
alphabetically digested under Proper Heads._ Philadelphia Meeting
House.

_South Carolina Manuscript Records._ Columbia, S. C.

_Transcripts_ in the library of Mr. Peter J. Hamilton of Mobile, Ala.

INDEX

Acolapissa, Indian tribe, attacked and enslaved by Chickasaw and
English, 185

Abnaki, Indian tribe, take slaves from Illinois, 70

Adoption, 43

Addington, Isaac, secretary of council of safety, 293;
hires Indians, 293

Advertisements of Indian slaves, 243, 244

Agona, chief, seized by Cartier, 72

Agriculture, 36, 83

Alabama, tribe, enslave and sell Mobile Indians, 75

Algonquin, nation, hold Indian slaves, 28

Albany, common council, act concerning fugitive slaves, 221;
treaty of, 202;
restrictions on slaves, 260

Alcaldes, enslave Indians, 61

Altamaha, tribe, 75

Amalgamation, cause of decline of slavery, 107, 287

Anastasius, Father, given an Indian girl, 81

Antilles, discovery, 48

Apache, tribe, enslaved by Choctaw, 30

Apalache, tribe, enslaved by Carolina settlers, 120, 121;
attacked by English Indians, 171;
attack missions of Santa Catalina and Santa Fé, 179

Archdale, John, governor of South Carolina, tries to check trade in
Indians, 178

Archbishop of Canterbury, 268

Aricara, tribe, 31

Arizona, 30, 60

Arkansas, tribe, 27, 64, 70, 75

Assembly, of South Carolina, takes up matter of trade in Indians,
180–185;
of Virginia regarding Indian slaves, 186

Athapascan, hold slaves, 33

Atlantic slope, Indian slavery in, 25

Awanthonks, squaw sachem, 148

Azores, Indians carried to, 125, 127

Bacon, sells captives as slaves, 119;
instigates assembly to legalize enslavement of Indians, 131

Bacon, Lord, sees Indians in England, 154

Bannister, Mr., before Board of Trade, 188

Baptism, of Indian slaves, 88, 89;
relation to freedom, 267–275

Barbadoes, governor of, sends Indians back to Massachusetts, 167;
South Carolina sends Indians to, 202

Barnwell, Colonel, expedition to Florida, 120;
expedition to North Carolina, 122

Barter, 27, 37, (see trade)

Bartram, on Indian slaves, 35, 42

Bellomont, Governor, reports on religious conditions of slaves, 272

Bermudas, Indian slaves carried to, 124, 127, 202

Benezet, Anthony, opposed to Indian slavery, 307

Berkeley, Dean, on decrease of number of Indians, 286;
on Indians as hired servants, 294

Berkeley, Sir William, on conditions in Virginia, 108;
sells Indian captives, 119;
proposes enslavement of Indians, 131;
buys Indian slaves, 301

Bienville, commandant at New Orleans, 28, 64;
orders Canadian French to stop urging Indians to war, 78;
proposes exchanging Indians in West Indies for negroes, 78, 97;
sells Indians to English, 78;
complains of neglect of agriculture in Louisiana, 84;
states that French colonists desire negroes, 97;
arranges peace between Choctaw and Chickasaw, 173

Birth, method of enslavement, 207

Birth-rate, decreased, cause of decline of Indian slavery, 285

Blackfeet, tribe, slavery among, 45

Block Island, slaves in, 110

Blount, Tom, chief, receives Indian captives as slaves as reward for
aiding English, 133

Board of Commissioners, appointed by South Carolina to deal with
trade in Indians, 181;
attempts to check traders, 183

Board of Trade, reports to, 111, 118

Bossu, journey of, 70

Boston News Letter, beginning of, 218;
advertises runaways, 218

Boston, slaves in, 109, 126, 180, 187, 274, 299;
prohibitions on slaves, 260

Bradford, on number of Indians, 284

Branding, punishment, 261

Bressani, Father, captured by Iroquois, 47

Bristol Parish, Virginia, Indian slaves in, 229

British Columbia, Indian slavery in, 46

Cabo de Santa Elena, Cape, 53

Cabot, Sebastian, kidnaps Indians, 154

Cadadaquiou, tribe, enslaved, 30

Cadillac, report concerning Indian slaves, 78

Cahouita, tribe, enslaved, 75

Calicott, Richard, has Indian slave, 243

California, 33;
missions, 59, 60

Canada, acquisition of, 64;
population of, 93

Capawick (Martha’s Vineyard), 157

Cape Fear, Indians kidnapped, 159, 197

Cape François, Indians sent to, 67, 68

Capitulation of Montreal, 64, 93

Carolina, Indians captured, 29;
Indians exported from, 117;
coureurs de bois sell Indians into, 168;
French idea concerning policy of, 171

Carondelet, Baron, orders slaves to remain with owners, 58

Cartier, kidnaps Indians, 71, 72;
receives Indians as gifts, 79;
uses Indian slaves as guides, 82

Catawba tribe, reduced in numbers, 287

Cenis, tribe, have slaves, 34, 37, 38

Champigny, sends Indians to France, 73

Champlain, given Indians by a chief, 80

Charity, Indian girl given Champlain, 80

Charleston, Indian slaves in, 109, 121, 180

Chat, tribe, enslaved, 29

Cherokee, tribe, abolish slavery, 46;
hostile to English, 136;
treaty with, 136;
demand that English give up enslaved members of their tribe, 137;
sold as slaves, 137;
complain that tribes prey on each other for slaves, 170;
other tribes join with, 287

Chester County, Pennsylvania, Indian slaves in, 116

Chickasaw, tribe, war with French, 69;
slave of Bienville, 86;
prey on tribes for captives to sell, 30, 171;
allies of English, 34, 171;
French try to destroy alliance of, 171;
lose 500 prisoners in ten years, 172;
obtain slaves from distant nations, 172;
French attempt to make them friends of Choctaw, 173;
attack Choctaw, 173;
enslave Shawnee, 173;
armed by English of Virginia, 185

Children, sold for food, 26

Chimmesyan, tribe, 33

Chinook, tribe, slavery among, 46

Chinookan, tribe, 33

Choctaw, tribe, enslave other Indians, 30, 75;
friends of French, 33;
allies of English, 171;
lose 800 prisoners in ten years, 172;
French attempt to make them friends of Chickasaw, 173

Chouman, tribe, 34

Church, sanctions slavery, 48;
missionary labors of, 87

Church, Captain Benjamin, receives Indians to transport, 140;
instructed to go against Indians, 142;
to distribute captives among soldiers, 142;
to receive captives from governor of Rhode Island, 142

Church act, 269

Cibola, 31, 52

Clermont, Sieur Pierre, manumits Indian slave, 95

Clinton, Governor, on Indian slaves in New York, 114;
tries to prevent abuse of apprenticeship, 206

Clothing of slaves, 42, 251–252

Cocheco, seizure of Indians at, 147, 309

Code Noir, 90, 102.

Collacot, Sergeant, agreement of Massachusetts with, 222

Colonists, of Louisiana, character of, 82;
used slave women as mistresses, 82

Columbia River country, Indian slavery in, 33, 45, 46

Columbus, enslaves Indians, 48

Comanche, tribe, 86

Company, of the Indies, 64;
of the West, 102;
of Providence Islands, 125

Compostella, 54

Concessions, negroes on, 102

Congaree, tribe, preys on weaker tribes, 170

Corannine, tribe, destruction of, 287

Cosmé, owns Indian slave, 81

Connecticut, slaves in, 110, 111, 123, 128, 130–131;
act against importing Indians, 189–191;
enslaves Indians as punishment, 206;
restricts Indian slaves, 260;
favors religious instruction of slaves, 275;
exchanges Indian slave for land, 277;
regulates manumission, 281;
regulates action of slaves, 290;
finds Indian slaves unsatisfactory, 291;
hired Indians in, 294;
indentured Indians in, 295

Cooks, hired Indians as, 243;
Indian slaves as, 243

Copper, object of barter, 27

Cornbury, Governor, on fugitive slave law, 221;
helps in conversion of slaves, 268

Coronado, Francisco Vasquez de, 31, 52, 53;
uses Indian slaves as guides, 55

Council, Indian, 40, 42;
grand council of South Carolina sends agents to remove Indian
slaves from plantations, 175;
opposed to proprietors, 176

Coureurs de bois, stir up tribes, 64;
purchase Indians, 75, 76, 77, 78, 168;
Indianized Frenchmen, 87;
trade, 96

Cramoisy, on Indian slaves, 86

Creeks, tribe, enslaved by Indians, 121;
other tribes join with, 287

Crows, tribe, slavery among, 45

Cruzat, Lieutenant-governor, proclamation of against enslavement of
Indians, 58

Culacut, Steward, desires Indian slaves, 310

Cutler, Reverend Timothy, reports on religious condition of slaves in
Boston, 274

Dartmouth, Indians, seized by Plymouth, 146

Davenport, Lieutenant, desires Indian slave, 310;
Reverend John, on Indian slaves, 209

Dealers, in Indians state reasons for traffic, 177

Death, punishment, 261

De Ayllon, cédula issued to, 49;
sends expedition, 53

De Beauharnois, governor of Canada, 94

De Boucherville, journey to Canada, 32

De Bourgmont, 32, 64;
purchases Indians, 74, 80;
sends Indian slaves to New Orleans, 74;
uses slave as interpreter, 82;
uses slaves as bribes and rewards, 86

Decline of Indian slavery, 59, 96–102, 281–319

Deer Island, Indians sent to, 143

De Figueroa, Vasco Porcallo, 52

De la Barre, expedition against Iroquois, 85

De Leon, patent of, 49;
proclamation of, 50

Le Lignery, proposes that tribes exchange slaves, 38

De Louvignery, demands slaves of Fox Indians, 71

De Morfi, Fray Agustin, describes mission, 61

De Narvaez, 51;
collapse of expedition, 53

De Niza, Fray Marcos, 52

Denonville, expedition against Iroquois, 85

Derby, Indian slaves in, 300

Detroit, 38, 75;
slavery in, 93, 99

De Vaca, Cabeza, enslaved, 46;
on Indian slavery, 54

De Vaudreuil, governor-general of Canada, demands slaves from
tribes, 70

Disease, cause of decline of Indian slavery, 41, 96, 283, 285

Doagges, tribe, 131

Dongan, Governor, report on religious condition of slaves, 272

Donnés, 66

Dubuisson, 38

Du Chapart, governor of Ft. Rosalie, 67

Dudley, Governor, report on slaves, 109

Duke’s Laws, on baptism of slaves, 272

Du Luth, 38;
expedition, 74;
given Indian slaves, 81;
uses slave as guide, 82

Dunmore, Earl of, authorizes court for trial of slaves, 256

Dunn, pastor of South Carolina parish, to S. P. G. F. P., 267

Du Pont, receives Indian as gift, 80

Dutch, enslave and transport Indians, 112–113

Du Tisné, 28, 31, 73, 74;
mediates peace between Pawnee and Padouca, 31

East Nottingham, Pennsylvania, Indian slaves in, 116

Eliot, John, redeems Indian slaves sold abroad, 128;
hires Indians, 293;
translates Bible, 293;
opposed to Indian slavery, 305;
has Indian slave as tutor, 243

Employment of Indian slaves, 35–39, 55, 83–86, 242–249

Endicot (Endecot), desires Indian slave, 310

England, rival power, 71

Erie, tribe, enslaved, 29

Esaw, tribe, prey on western tribes, 170

Esclavos, Indian community, 25

Esquimaux, enslaved, 28

Eyanoco, chief, has white slaves, 46

Faith, Indian girl given to Champlain, 80

Famine, cause of slavery, 26, 41

Fayal, one of Azores, 125;
Indians carried from Plymouth to, 125;
Indians seized by Laughton carried to, 161

Fishing, employment of Indian slaves, 37

Flathead, tribe, 32

Florida, 27, 29, 30, 48, 51, 52, 59;
free Indians in, 284

Fontaine, Reverend Peter, advocates intermarriage of whites and
Indians, 252

Fontanedo, 48

Food, of slaves, 42

Forbes, account of church in Virginia, 269

Fort Carolina, 79

Fort Royal, 119

Fox, tribe, war with French, 69, 71;
valley, 87

France, 66, 71;
Indians carried to, 71, 72;
laws of, 89;
sends indentured white servants to America, 100;
sends negroes to America, 101

Franciscans, 59

Friends, own Indian slaves, 115–116;
opposed to Indian slavery, 307

Friends’ yearly meeting, action on slavery, 116

Freedom, of slaves, 42, 43, 44, 45 (see manumission.)

Fremin, Father, 35

Frobisher, kidnaps Indians, 155

Fugitive slave law, 220;
in articles of confederation of United Colonies, 224

Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, 269

Fur trade, 73, 74;
connected with purchase of slaves from Indians, 168

Galleys, French, Indian slaves in, 73

Gamblers, Indians as, 26

General court, Massachusetts, authorizes enslavement of Indians, 124,
126, 127, 128, 137, 139;
decree regarding retention of male Indian slaves in colony, 145;
Plymouth, 137;
disposes of captives, 139;
decree regarding retention of male Indian slaves in colony, 145;
decree regarding purchase of captive Indian children, 146;
sanctions seizure of peaceable Indians, 146;
disposes of Dartmouth Indians, 146;
Connecticut, orders that Indians who surrender shall not be
transported, 149;
arranges to dispose of captives, 149

Georgia, report on, 107;
slaves in, 108

Gibson, bishop of London, declares baptism does not free slaves, 275

Gomez, 51

Gookin, Lieutenant-governor, receives complaint of Indians regarding
kidnapping, 162

Goose Creek, parish in South Carolina, 267

Gorges, Sir Ferdinand, patron of Weymouth, 154;
given Indians, 155, 157;
condemns capture of Indians, 158

Great Lakes, 28, 36

Great Plains, 25

Great Sun, chief of Natchez, 68

Green Bay, 38

Grelon, 27

Guns, objects of barter, 27

Haida, tribe, 33

Harley, Captain Henry, brings Indians to Gorges, 157

Harlow, Captain Edward, kidnaps Indians, 157

Hartford, levies on slaves of townsmen, 247

Haskell, pastor of St. Thomas parish, South Carolina, 267

Hatchets, objects of barter, 27

Hawaikuh, 52

Heathcote, to Townsend, 200

Hempstead, Indian slaves in, 114, 201

Hendrickson, finds Indian slaves in Schuylkill River country, 29;
finds white slaves among Mohawk, 47

Hennepin, on slaves among Iroquois, 35

Hispaniola, Indian slaves in, 53

Hobson, Captain, brings two of Hunt’s Indian captives back to
America, 158

Hocquart, intendant of Canada, 94

Holman, Ensign, agreement of Massachusetts with, 222

Hope, Indian girl given Champlain, 80

Horse, tribe, 32

Hunt, Captain Thomas, kidnaps Indians, 158

Hunter, Governor, petition to, regarding Spaniards in New York, 318

Hunting, occupation of Indian slaves, 37

Hupa, tribe, 33

Huron, tribe, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 42

Hyde, Governor, on enslavement of Indians, 133

Iberville, baptism of his Indian slave, 89

Illinois, tribe, 27, 28, 29, 31, 37, 38, 64, 70, 80;
area, 32;
Indian slaves in, 93, 102;
negro slaves in, 102

Incle and Yarico, play and opera, 303

Indentured servants, Indians as, 295;
white, 295–297

Indians, as hired laborers, 59;
as apprentices, 196

Indian slaves, among the aborigines, 25–47;
among the Spaniards, 48–62;
among the French, 63–102;
among the English, 102–319;
in the Carolinas, 66–108;
in Georgia, 108;
in Virginia, 108;
in Massachusetts, 109–110;
in Rhode Island, 110;
in Connecticut, 110–111;
in New Hampshire, 111;
in New Netherland, 112–113;
in New York, 113;
in Pennsylvania, 115;
in New Jersey, 116;
in Maryland, 117;
by warfare, 118–153;
war with Stono Indians, 119;
war with Kussoe Indians, 119;
war of Spanish succession, 119;
Tuscarora War, 121;
Pequot War, 123;
King Philip’s War, 125;
Bacon’s rebellion, 131;
disposed of by colonial governments, 132–152;
by kidnapping, 154–167;
by trade, 168–195;
sold by family or tribe, 196;
abuse of apprenticeship, 198–201;
punishment, 201;
birth, 207–210;
considered property, 211–241;
bought and sold, 216;
advertised for sale, 216;
disposed of by will, 216;
runaways advertised, 218, 219;
disputes concerning, settled by court, 225;
personal property, 226;
real property, 226;
regarded as taxables, 227–228;
import and export duties on, 233;
as hunters, fishermen and guides, 242;
employed in fields, 244–245;
in manual occupations, 245;
hired out by owners, 245;
in military occupations, 246–249;
captured by French from English army, 246;
included by implication in legislative acts relating to slaves, 253;
right to testify in court, 254–255;
granted right to life, 255;
prohibitions on, 259, 260;
punishments, 260–264;
religious instruction of, 264–275;
manumission, 57, 94–95, 276–282;
freed by owner, 276;
purchase freedom, 276;
regulation of actions after emancipation, 280;
decline of use of, 283–319;
poor domestics, 288;
implicated in slave disturbances, 289;
included in laws concerning slaves by implication, 290;
values of, 298–302;
less valuable than negroes, 302;
use of, abolished in Virginia, 312;
in South Carolina, 315;
in Rhode Island, 316;
in New York, 317

Iroquois, tribe, 27, 28, 29, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41;
effect on Indian slavery, 117

Ipswich, slaves in, 109, 298

Jenney, Reverend, on Indian slaves, 114, 273

Jesuits, 27, 34, 35, 41, 42;
oppose sale of Indians, 78, 79;
enslaved by Iroquois, 47

Johnson, missionary in South Carolina, on Indian slaves, 121

Johnson, Nathaniel, governor of Carolina, 106;
report on condition of Carolina, 106;
refuses to sell Indian perquisites, 183

Johnson, Robert, governor of Carolina, makes peace between nations,
172

Johnson, William, on Indian slaves in New York, 114

Jolliet, given an Indian, 80

Jones, Reverend Hugh, on baptizing Indian and negro slaves, 271

Jordan, river, 53

Joutel, 37

Judicial decisions recognize children of slave mothers as slaves, 210

Kansas, tribe, 31, 32, 74, 81, 86

Kaskaskia, Indian slaves at, 70, 76, 78;
church records of, 89

Keith, Sir William, owned Indian slaves, 116

Kettles, objects of barter, 27

Kidnapping, 154–167;
contrary to law, 165;
legislation regarding, 166;
Virginia act regarding, 166;
Maryland act regarding, 166;
Massachusetts act regarding, 166;
New Jersey act regarding, 167;
New Hampshire act regarding, 167

Kieft, Governor, requested by United Colonies to return runaway
Indian slave, 233

King Blount, chief, North Carolina orders to return runaway Indian
slaves, 222;
buys Indians, 302

King Philip, wife and son transported, 127

King Philip’s War, captives, enslaved, 110, 111, 125–131;
ran away, 218;
to receive religious instructions, 273

Kishkakon, tribe, 80

Klamath, tribe, 33

Knives, objects of barter, 27

Kussoe, tribe, war with, 119;
captives sold as slaves, 119, 134

La Harpe, journey in southwest, 30, 73;
seized Indians, 73;
given Indians, 81