Chapter I: Part II: 1897 to 1903

by

CHARLES M. MANLY

Assistant in Charge of Experiments

(Publication 1948)

City of Washington Published by the Smithsonian Institution 1911

Commission to whom this Memoir has been referred: Otto Hilgard Tittman, George Owen Squier, Albert Francis Zahm.

The Lord Baltimore Press Baltimore, MD., U. S. A. 67009

[page iii]

ADVERTISEMENT

The present work, entitled “Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight,” as planned by the late Secretary Samuel Pierpont Langley, follows his publications on “Experiments in Aerodynamics” and “The Internal Work of the Wind” printed in 1891 and 1893, respectively, as parts of Volume 27 of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.

This Memoir was in preparation at the time of Mr. Langley’s death in 1906, and Part I, recording experiments from 1887 to 1896, was written by him. Part II, on experiments from 1897 to 1903, has been written by Mr. Charles M. Manly, who became Mr. Langley’s Chief Assistant in June, 1898. The sources of information for this Part were the original carefully recorded accounts of the experiments described.

It is expected later to publish a third part of the present memoir, to consist largely of the extensive technical data of tests of the working of various types of curved surfaces, propellers, and other apparatus.

It is of interest here to note that experiments with the Langley type of aerodrome[1] did not actually cease in December, 1903, when he made his last trial with the man-carrying machine, but as recently as August 6, 1907, a French aviator made a flight of nearly 500 feet with an aerodrome of essentially the same design. (See Appendix.)

In accordance with the established custom of referring to experts in the subject treated, all manuscripts intended for publication in the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, this work was examined and recommended by a Commission consisting of Mr. O. H. Tittman, Superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, who witnessed some of the field trials, George O. Squier, Ph. D. (Johns Hopkins), Major, Signal Corps, U. S. Army, and Albert Francis Zahm, Ph. D., of Washington City.

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, ‹Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution›.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The name “aerodrome” was given by Secretary Langley to the flying machine in 1893, from ἀεροδρομέω (to traverse the air) and ἀεροδρόμος air runner.--Internal Work of the Wind, p. 5.