Chapter I: Front Matter

Lincoln’s Plan of Reconstruction

_By_
CHARLES H. McCARTHY
=Ph.D.= (_Pa._)

New York
McCLURE, PHILLIPS & CO.
MCMI

_Copyright_, 1901 _by_
McCLURE, PHILLIPS & CO.

PUBLISHED NOVEMBER, 1901

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CONTENTS

Page

=Introduction= xv

I
TENNESSEE

Election and Policy of Lincoln 1

East Tennessee 3

Secession 8

Federal Victories 10

A Military Governor 11

Origin of Military Governors in the United States 12

Measures of Governor Johnson 17

Negro Troops 20

Nashville Convention of 1863 21

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction 23

Steps to Restoration 27

Nashville Convention of 1865 30

Election of William G. Brownlow 32

Nomination of Lincoln and Johnson 32

Presidential Election in Tennessee 34

II
LOUISIANA

Popularity of Secession 36

Financial Embarrassment 37

Capture of New Orleans 38

Lincoln’s Advice 38

General Shepley appointed Military Governor 39

Election of Representatives to Congress 45

Division among Unionists 47

Military Operations 49

Lincoln Urges Reconstruction 51

Political Activity among Loyalists 53

Title of Louisiana Claimants 58

Opposition to General Banks 61

Plan of Reconstruction proposed 66

Election of 1864 70

Inauguration of Civil Government 72

Lincoln’s Letter on Negro Suffrage 73

Constitutional Convention 75

Congressional Election 76

III
ARKANSAS

Indifference to Secession 77

The Fall of Sumter 78

Seizure of Little Rock 79

Military Matters 79

Threat of Seceding from Secession 82

General Phelps appointed Military Governor 82

Enthusiasm of Unionists 83

Lincoln’s Interest in Arkansas 83

Inaugurating a Loyal Government 84

The Election of 1864 90

IV
VIRGINIA

Secession 93

Physical Features and Early Settlements 94

Society and Its Basis 95

The Counter-Revolution 97

Convention at Wheeling 99

Organizing a Union Government 100

Legislature of Restored Virginia 103

The State of Kanawha 105

Attorney-General Bates on Dismemberment 105

Making a New State 107

Compensated Emancipation 108

Formation of New State discussed in Congress 110

Cabinet on Dismemberment 120

Lincoln on Dismemberment 124

Webster’s Prediction 126

Inauguration of New State 128

Reorganizing the Restored State 129

Right of Commonwealth to Representation in Congress 131

Rupture between Civil and Military Authorities 133

The President Interposes 135

Congress Refuses to Admit a Senator-Elect 138

V
ANTI-SLAVERY LEGISLATION

Compensated Emancipation in Congress 142

Contrabands 143

The Military Power and Fugitive Slaves 144

Lincoln on Military Emancipation 148

Andrew Jackson and Nullification 151

Lincoln on Compensated Emancipation 152

Compensated Emancipation in Delaware 155

Abandoned Slaves 160

Border Policy Propounded 163

General Hunter and Military Emancipation 168

Slavery Prohibited in the Territories 170

Attitude of Border States on Slavery 172

Lincoln Resolves to Emancipate Slaves by Proclamation 177

VI
THEORIES AND PLANS OF RECONSTRUCTION

The Presidential Plan 190

Sumner’s Theory of State Suicide 196

“Conquered Province” Theory of Stevens 211

Theory of Northern Democrats 217

Crittenden Resolution 220

VII
RISE OF THE CONGRESSIONAL PLAN

Bill to Guarantee a Republican Form of Government 224

Henry Winter Davis on Reconstruction 226

House Debates on Bill of Wade and Davis 236

Pendleton’s Speech on Reconstruction 257

Provisions of Wade-Davis Bill 262

Senate Debate on Bill of Wade and Davis 264

President’s Pocket Veto 273

Proclamation concerning Reconstruction 278

Manifesto of Wade and Davis 279

VIII
AN ATTEMPT TO COMPROMISE

President ignores Controversy with Congress 286

Summary of Military and Naval Situation 288

Attempt to Revive the Pocketed Bill 289

House Debates on Ashley’s Reconstruction Bill 291

Defeat of Ashley’s Bill 311

IX
THE ELECTORAL VOTE OF LOUISIANA

Resolution excluding Electoral Votes of Rebellious States 314

Amendment of Senator Ten Eyck 315

Senate Debate on Ten Eyck’s Amendment 316

Defeat of the Amendment in favor of Louisiana 334

Senate Passes Joint Resolution 338

Counting the Electoral Vote 339

The President’s Message 339

X
SENATE DEBATE ON LOUISIANA

Congressmen from Louisiana at the National Capital 341

Proposal to Recognize Louisiana 343

Powell’s Speech opposing Recognition 344

Henderson’s Argument for Recognition 348

Howard’s Argument in Opposition 358

Reverdy Johnson’s Speech for Recognition 370

General Discussion on Louisiana 374

XI
INCIDENTS OF RECONSTRUCTION

The Thirteenth Amendment 384

The Freedmen’s Bureau 385

Volunteer Diplomats 389

The Hampton Roads Conference 395

Lincoln’s Letter to General Hurlbut 401

Lincoln’s Letter to General Canby 402

Lincoln’s Last Words on Reconstruction 403

XII
CULMINATION OF THE PRESIDENTIAL PLAN

Lincoln and the South 407

Inauguration of Andrew Johnson 408

Arkansas after the War 409

Condition of Tennessee 412

Louisiana 417

Reorganization of Virginia 425

The Wreck of the Confederacy 431

Andrew Johnson on Reconstruction in 1864 438

Johnson’s Speeches after Accession to the Presidency 440

Raising the Blockade 444

The Executive Department Recognizes Virginia 445

Restoration of North Carolina 448

The President Hesitates 458

Executive Policy in Mississippi 460

Restoration of Georgia 465

Texas 466

The Reconstruction Conventions 468

Temper of the South 472

Mississippi Legislation relative to Freedmen 475

Southern Reaction 482

The President’s Change of Opinion 487

Examination of Lincoln’s Plan 491

APPENDIX A

=Thirty-Seventh Congress= 499