Chapter XXXIII: Appendix: I (6)

Stuart and Kuyper, _De Mensch_, 320.

Stübel, A., _Necropolis of Ancon_, 273;
_Ueber Altperuvianische Gewebemuster_, 273.

Studley, Cordelia A., 390.

Sturleson, Snorro, _Heimskringla_, 91.

Sulte, B., on the Iroquois, 321.

Sumner, Chas., _Prophetic voices concerning America_, 40.

Sun, worship of, 429.

Sunderland library, xiii.

Susquehanna Valley Indians, 325.

Sutcliffe, Thomas, _Chili and Peru_, 272.

Sutherland, P. C., 106.

Sweden, anthropological studies in, 444.

Sweden, early map, 119, 124, 125, 129.

Swedes, their blinding patriotism, 88;
on the Delaware, 307.

Sweetzer, Seth, on prehist. man, 412.

Swinford, _Mineral Resources of Lake Superior_, 418.

Swiss lake dwellings, 395;
relics from, 395;
general references, 395.

Switzler, W. F., _Missouri_, 409.

Sylvester, _Northern New York_, 323.

TACITUS, _Germania_, 28.

Tacna, 277.

Tamana, idol from, 281.

Tamoanchar, 135;
geog. position, 151.

Tanmar. _See_ Danmar.

Tanos, 394.

Taos, 394, 396.

Tapenecs. _See_ Tepanecs.

Tapijulapane-Mixe, 426.

Tarapaca, 270, 275.

Tarascos, 136.

Tarayre, G., _L’Exploration mineralogique_, 170.

Targe, xxxvi.

Tartar migrations to America, 369, 370;
traces in N. W. America, 78.

Tassin, French geographer, 51.

Tayasàl, 175.

Taylor, A. S., bibliog. of California, ix.

Taylor, Isaac, _Alphabets_, 200.

Taylor, Jeremy, _Dissuasive from Popery_, 51.

Taylor, John, on the N. Y. mounds, 404.

Taylor, R. C., on the Wisconsin mounds, 400.

Taylor, S., 400.

Taylor, Thomas, 41;
_Commentaries of Proclus_, 35.

Taylor, W. M., on mounds, 405.

Techotl, 146.

Tecpan, 175.

Tecpaneca conquered, 147.

Tehna, 394.

Tehuelhet, 428.

_Telleriano-Remensis Codex_, 205.

Temple, Edw., _Travels in Peru_, 272.

Temple, _No. Brookfield_, 323.

Tempsky, G. F. von, _Mitla_, 184.

Ten Kate, H. F. C., 356;
_Reizen_, 395.

Tenampua, 197.

Tenayocan, 142.

Tennessee, aborig. remains, 410;
pottery, 419;
stone graves, 410.

Tenochtitlan. _See_ Mexico (city).

Teoamoxtli, 158, 167.

Teoculcuacan, 138.

Teotihuacan, Olmecs at, 135;
a religious shrine, 140;
ruins, 182.

Teoyaomiqui, effigy, 182, 435.

Tepanecs, 136, 146.

Tepechpan, 162.

Tepeu, 435.

Tepeyahualco, 173.

Terceira, 49.

Ternaux-Compans, H., his library, iv;
_Bibl. Amér._, iv;
_Voyages_, xxxvii, 273;
his studies of Peru, 273;
_La theogonie Méxicaine_, 431.

Terra cotta, 420.

Tertiary man, 387;
evidences, 353, 385, 387.

Tertullian, _De Pallio_, 42.

Teruel, Luis de, 264;
MSS. on the Peruvians, 264.

Textile arts, 419;
impression preserved in pottery, 419;
of the moundbuilders, 419.

Tezcatlipoca, 431;
oppressor of Quetzalcoatl, 431.

Tezcuco, growth of, 140, 142;
alleged empire at, 173;
old bridge near, 182;
old buildings, 182.

Tezozomoc, H. de A., 146;
_Crónica Méx._, 155, 163;
MSS. on Mexican history, 162.

Theopompus of Chios, 21;
his continent, 21.

Thévenot, bibliog., xii, xxxiv;
_Voyages_, 204.

Thévet, A., on the Jewish migration to America, 115.

Thiersant, Dabry de, _Origine des Indiens_, 369.

Thomas, Cyrus, on Mexican MSS., 163;
on the Mexican astronomy, 179;
on Landa’s alphabet, 200;
_MS. Troano_, 201, 207, his course of study, 201;
on Maya numerical signs, 205;
on the mounds, 401;
_Work on Mound Exploration_, 401;
_Burial Mounds_, 401;
disputes Putnam’s view of the mounds, 402;
presentations of his views on the moundbuilders, 402;
on the elephant pipes, 404;
on the builders of the mounds, 407;
on the effigy mounds, 408, 409;
on the stone graves of Tennessee, 410;
on the Etowah mounds, 410;
conducts mound explorations, 439;
_Maya and Mexican MSS._, 440.

Thomas, Mrs. Cyrus, bibliog. of Ohio mounds, 406.

Thomas, David, _Travels_, 405.

Thomas, Isaiah, founds Amer. Antiq. Soc., 437.

Thompson, E. H., _Atlantis not a Myth_, 44;
on Yucatan, 187;
on the “Elephants’ trunks”, 188.

Thompson, G. A., _New Theory_, 76.

Thompson, J., translates De Pauw, 370.

Thompson, T. P., _Knot Records of Peru_, 243;
_Hist. of the Quipus_, 243.

Thompson, Waddy, _Recoll. of Mexico_, 180.

Thomson, Chas., _Enquiry_, 325.

Thorfinn Karlsefne, in Vinland, 65;
Saga, 90.

Thorlacius, G., his map of Vinland, 130, 131.

Thorlacius, Theod., 130, 131.

Thorlakssen. _See_ Thorlacius.

Thorndike, Col., Israel, iii.

Thorne, Robt., his map, 125.

Thornton, J. W., 102.

Thoron, Onffroy de, 82.

Thorowgood, Thomas, _Jewes in America_,115;
_Vindiciæ Jud._, 115;
_Digitus Dei_, 115.

Thorwald on Vinland, 65.

Three Chimneys (islands), 53.

Thule, 117; discovered, 26;
in Seneca, 29;
varying position, 118.

Thurston, G. P., 81, 402.

Thyle, on Macrobius’ map, 10.
_See_ Thule.

Tiahuanacu, position, 210;
architectural details, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218;
ruins restored, 219;
ruins described, 215;
doorway, 216, 218;
seen by D’Orbigny, 271;
various descriptions, 272, 273;
by Bollaert, 273;
by Basadie, 273;
by Inwards, 273.

Tibullus, _Elegies_, 7.

Tides, Macrobius’ view of, 11.

Tiele, P. A., xxxiii.

Tiguex, 394.

Tikal, 200.

Tilantongo, 148.

Tillinghast, W. H., “Geog. Knowledge of the Ancients”, 1.

Timagenes, 42.

Timber brought from Vinland, 65.

Timberlake, Henry, on the Cherokees, 83.

Timucua language, 426.

Timuquana language, 425.

Tin mines, early, 24.

Tinneh, 77.

Tishcoban, 325.

Titicaca, lake, seat of worship, 222;
its myth, 222;
seat of the Piruas, 223;
connected with the Inca myths, 224;
dwellers near, 226;
views of lake and ruins, 246;
Squier’s Explorations, 246;
surveyed by J. B. Pentland, 246;
Inca palace, 247;
map, 248.

Tizoc, 148.

Tlacatecuhtli, 173.

Tlacopan forms a confederacy, 147.

Tlacutzin, 139.

Tlaloc, 435;
rain-god, 180.

Tlapallan, 137, 139.

Tlapallanco, 139.

Tlascalans, 149.

Tobacco, mortars for pounding it, 416.

Tobar, Juan de, _Codex Ramirez_, 155;
_Relacion_, 155;
printed by Sir Thos. Phillipps, 155;
_Hist. de los Indios_, 155.

To-carryhogan, 289.

Tollan, 137, 139.

Tollatzinco, 139.

Toloom, 190.

Toltecs, descendants of the Atlantides, 44;
origin of, 135, 141;
from Tollan, 137;
their appearance in Mexico, 139;
end of their power, 140;
a nation or a dynasty, 140;
their story, 140;
their later migrations, 140;
Brinton and Charnay disagree on their status, 141;
Bandelier considers them Maya, 141;
Sahagún the “giants”, 141;
Bandelier’s view, 141;
sources of their history, 141;
MS. annals, 162;
their astronomical ideas, 179;
build the ruins of Yucatan, 191.

Tomo-chi-chi, 326.

Tomlinson, A. B., 403.

Tonocote, 428.

Topinard on the jaw-bone from the Naulette Cave, 377.

Torfæus, _Hist. Gronlandiæ_, 85;
his character, 88;
_Hist. Vinlandiæ_, 92;
facs. of title, 91;
places Vinland in Newfoundland, 99;
gives maps, 129.

Toribio de Benevente, 155.

Torquemada, instructed by Ixtlilxochitl, 173;
on the origin of Americans, 369;
MS. used by him, 162;
_Monarchia Ind._, 157.

Torres Rubio, Irego de, in Peru, 279;
his Quichua grammar, 278.

Torrid zone, notions regarding it, 6;
they check exploration, 6.

Toscanelli on Antillia, 49;
his ideas of the Atlantic ocean, 51;
letter to Columbus, 51;
different texts of it, 51, 52;
his working papers, 52;
his map, 56.

Totems, 408.

Totemism, 328.

Totonacs, 136.

Totul Xius, 152; sources, 153.

Toulmin, Harry, 110.

Tovar, _See_ Tobar.

Trabega, 205.

Trade of the Amer. Aborigines, 416;
no good acc. of, 420.

Traffic, intertribal, 420.

Treaties with the Indians, methods of, 305.

Trees, rings of, as signs of age, 191, 403.

Trenton gravel bluff, view of, 335;
the deposits described, 338;
skulls found in, 356;
gravels, 388;
traces of man in, 388.
_See_ Delaware, New Jersey.

Trepanning in Peru, 244.

Trephining, 244.

Trigoso, S. F. M., _Descob. e Commercio dos Portuguezes_, xix.

Triquis, 136.

Tritemius, Joannes, _De Scriptoribus_, xx.

Trivizano, _Libretto_, xx.

Trivulgiana library (Milan), vi.

Tro y Ortolano, J., 205.

Trocadero Museum in Paris, 177.

Troil, _Lettres sur l’Islande_, 84.

Trojans, ancestors of the Indians, 369.

Trömel, Paul, _Bibl. Amér._, xvii, 413.

Troost, G., on Tennessee archeol. remains, 410.

Tross, Edwin, catalogues, xvi.

Trowbridge, D., 405.

Troyon, Prof., _Habitations lacustres_, 395.

Trübner, K. J., xvi.

Trübner, Nic., _Bibl. Hisp. Amer._, xvi;
dies, xvi.

Trumbull, J. H., on Indian languages, vii;
edits the Brinley library catalogue, xii;
_Indian Missions in New England_, 322;
his studies in the Indian languages, 322, 423.

Trutat, E., 411.

Trutot, 442.

Truxillo, Diego de, _Relacion_, 260.

Truxillo, ruins near, 275.

Tschudi, J. D. von, on the llamas, 213;
_Antig. Peruanas_, 270;
_Reisen_, 270;
_Travels_, 270;
_Ollanta_, 281;
on the Quichua language, 280;
his grammar, 280.

Tula, 137;
ruin at, 177.

Tulan, 135.

Tulan, Zuiva, 139.

Tumbez, 277.

Tungus, 77.

Tupac Inca Yupanqui, 230.

Tupis of South America, 136, 428.

Turnefort, 43.

Turner, G., 437.

Turner, Sharon, _Anglo-Saxons_, 88.

Turner, W., 423.

Turner, W. W., vii, 424, 440;
_Indian Philology_, 439.

Tusayan, 394.

Tuscaroras, 310.

Tuttle, C. W., 102.

Two Sorcerers, island, 47.

Tylor, E. B., on Egyptian hieroglyphics, 41;
_Scandin. civilization among Eskimaux_, 70;
on connection of Asia and Mexico, 77;
_Anáhuac_, 170, 174;
applauds Prescott’s view, 174;
portrait, 376;
his rank as an anthropologist, 377;
_Early Hist. of Mankind_, 377, 380;
_Early Mental Condition of Man_, 378;
_Condition of Prehist. Races_, 378;
on man’s progress from barbarism to civilization, 378;
_Primitive Culture_, 378;
_Anthropology_, 378;
_Amer. aspects of Anthropology_, 379;
acc. of, 379;
on the degeneracy of the savage, 381.

Tyrians on the Atlantic, 24.

Tzendal language, 427.

Tzequiles, 135.

Tzetzes, _Scholia in Lycophron_, 15.

UA CORRA, 50.

Uhde collection, 444.

Uhle, Max, 404.

Uira-cocha, 222, 229.

Ukert, _Geog. der Griechen_, 28, 36, 46.

Ule, Otto, _Die Erde_, 44.

Ulloa, A., _Mémoires_, 271;
_Voyage historique_, 271;
_Not. Amer._, 370.

Ulloa, J. J., _Voyage_, 271.

Ulloa, _Relacion Hist._, 228.

Ulpius globe, 126.

Uncpapas, 327.

Unger, F., _Insel Atlantis_, 44.

United States Army, _Reports of Chief Engineer_, 396;
geological survey, _Reports_, 396;
National Museum, 440.

Upham, Warren, 333; _Recession of the ice sheet in Minnesota_, 346;
_Ohio gravel beds_, 388.

Urcavilca, 230.

Urco, 229.

Uricoechea, E., _Memorias_, 282;
_Lengua Chibcha_, 425.

Urlsperger Tracts, 326.

Urrabieta, xxxvii.

Ursel, Comte d’, _Sud Amérique_, 272.

Ursúa, M., 175.

Urus, 226, 280.

Utah mounds, 409.

Utes, 327.

Utlatlan, position of, 151, 152.

Uxmal, position of, 151, 188;
Totul Xius in, 153;
communal house near, 175;
seen by Zavala, 186;
by Waldeck, 186;
by Charnay, 186, 188;
descriptions, 188; so-called elephants’ trunks, 189;
early accounts, 189;
view of ruined temple, 189;
seen by Brasseur, 189;
inhabited when the Spaniards came, 190;
plans, 190.

Uzielli, G., on Toscanelli, 51.

VALADES, DIDACUS, _Rhetorica Christ._, 154.

Valdemar-Schmidt, _Voyages au Groenland_, 109.

Valdez, Ant., 281.

Valencia, Martin de, 155.

Valentini, P. J. J., _Olmecas and Tultecas_, 137;
on the Calendar Stone, 179;
on Landa’s alphabet, 200;
_Mexican copper tools_, 418;
_Katunes of Maya Hist._, 152, 164.

Valera, Blas, his work lost, 209;
his career, 261;
his MSS. used by Garcilasso, 262.

Valera, Luis, 260.

Vallancey, Chas., 104.

Valmy, Duc de, 171.

Valpy, _Panegyrici veteres_, 47.

Valsequa, Gabriell de, his map (1439), 56.

Vancouver’s Island, 81, 393.

Van den Bergh, L. P. C., _Amerika voor Columbus_, 75.

Van den Bos, Lambert, _Zee-helden_, xxxiv.

Van der Aa. _See_ Aa.

Van Noort, Olivier, xxxiii.

Vanuxem, Professor, on shell heaps, 392.

Varnhagen, F. de, _L’Origine touranienne des Américains_, 41, 117.

Vasquez, Francisco, _Guatemala_, 168.

Vasquez, T., 260.

Vater, J. S., _Ueber Amerikas Bevölkerung_, 60;
(with Adelung), _Mithridates_, 422;
_Analekten der Sprachenkunde_, 422.

Vaugondy, _Atlantis_, 16.

Veer, G. de, _Voyages_, 85.

Vega, Father, his collection of MSS., 157.

Vega, F. Nuñez de la, knew the Book of Votan, 134;
_Obispado de Chiappas_, 134.

Vega, Garcilasso de la, in Peru, 265;
house in which he was born, 265;
son of an Inca princess, 265;
his expedition of De Soto, 265;
_Commentarios Reales_, 265, 266;
used Blas Valera, 265;
wrote on Spain thirty years after leaving Peru, 266;
corrects Acosta, 266;
critics of, 266;
dies, 266.

Velasco, Juan de, 279;
_Reino de Quito_, 268, 273.

Ventancurt, _Teatro Mex._, 171.

Vera, F. H., 413.

Vera Cruz, ruins near, 178.

Verneau, _Dans l’Archipel Canarienne_, 25.

Verreau, Abbé, on the beginnings of the Church in Canada, 317.

Vertuch, _Archiv für Ethnographie_, 443.

Vespucius in De Bry, xxxii;
voyages, acc. of, xxiv;
mentioned, xxviii, xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvi;
map owned by him, 56.

Vetanzos, Juan de, used by Garcia, 369.
_See_ Betanzos.

Vetromile, _Abnakis and their history_, 466.

Veytia, on the Toltecs, 141;
_Hist. Antiq. de Mejico_, 141, 159;
better on the Tezcucans than on the Mexicans, 150;
begins Mexican history at A.D. 697, 155;
used Boturini’s collection, 159;
annotates Ixtlilxochitl’s MSS., 162;
continues Boturini’s labors, 162.

Vicary, J. F., _Saga time_, 92.

Victor, J. D., _Disput. de America_, 40, 370.

Vicuña, 213.

Vienna, Anthropologische Gesellschaft, 443;
Prähist. Commission, 443.

Viera y Clavijo, J. de, _Islas de Canaria_, 48.

Vigfússon, G., _Icelandic Eng. Dict._, 85;
_Icelandic Sagas_, 90.

Vigil, José M., 155.

Vikings, burial of, 62.

Vilcashuaman, ruins, 247, 271.

Villacastin, F. de, 260.

Villagutierre Soto-Mayor, _Conquista de Itza_, 165.

Villar, Dr., 282;
_Uira-cocha_, 271.

Villar, Leonardo, 266.

Villebrune, J. B. L., 370.

Vincent, _Commerce of the Ancients_, 117.

Vining, E. P., _An inglorious Columbus_, 80.

Vinland, found and named, 64;
attempted identification, 65;
last ship to, 65;
probability of voyages to, 67;
bibliog., 87, 98;
the sagas, 87, 88;
put in writing, 88;
situated in Labrador, 92, 93, 96, 99;
in Newfoundland, 92, 93, 94, 96, 99;
in Greenland, 92, 98;
in New York, 93, 102;
not in America, 93;
in New England, 93;
in Maine, 102;
in Massachusetts, 94, 99;
in Rhode Island, 94, 96, 99, 102;
in Africa, 100;
maps, 94;
those of Rafn reproduced, 95, 100;
probability of the voyages to, 98;
linguistic proofs of, 98;
ethnographical proofs, 99;
physical and geographical proofs, 99;
tides in, 99;
length of summer day in, 99;
Rafn’s attempts to identify it, 100;
his map, 100;
held to be a prolongation of Africa, 100;
monumental proofs, 102;
has no frost, 102;
natives called Skrælings, 105;
held to be north of Davis’s Straits by the oldest Norse maps, 130;
that by Stephanius (1570) in facs., 130;
separated from America, 130.

Vinson, Julien, _La langue basque_, 75.

Viollet-le-Duc, _Habitation humaine_, 64, 176;
belief in a yellow race in Central America, 81;
on Norse ceremonials in the south, 99;
his text to Charnay, 176;
a restoration of Palenqué, 192.

Viracocha, 436.

Virchow, R., on Peruvian skulls, 244;
on human remains found in Peruvian graves, 273.

Virgil, _Georgics_, 6;
prophecy of Anchises, 27.

Virginia, docs. in her Archives, xiv;
Indian conspiracy of. 1622, 284;
Indians, 325;
mounds in, 410;
graves, 410.

Visconti, 33;
map (1311), 53;
(1318), 53.

Vitalis, Ordericus, _Hist. Eccles._, 88.

Vitziliputzli, 432.

Vivien de St. Martin, _Hist. de la Géog._, 36;
on Fousang, 80.

Vocabularies, numerous, 421;
tests of ethnical relations, 421;
formed as tests, 424.
_See_ Linguistics.

Vogel, Theo., xxxvii.

Vogeler, A. W., 393, 403.

Vogt, Carl, _Vorlesungen_, 369;
_Lectures on Man_, 369, 443.

Völcker, _Homersch. Geog._, 39.

Volney on the mounds, 398.

Von Baer, K. E., _Fahrten des Odysseus_, 40.

Voss, _Die Gestalt der Erde_, 39.

Votan, and his followers, 133, 141;
_Book of Votan_, 134;
dim connection with Guatemala, 150;
with Yucatan, 152;
myth of, 433.

Voyages, collections of, xxxiv;
early ones to America, bibliog., xix.

Vreeland, C. E., _Antiquities at Pantaleon_, 197.

Vries, voyage to Virginia, xxxiv.

WADSWORTH, M. E., 334;
_Microscopic evidence of a lost continent_, 45.

Wagner, G., _De originibus Amer._, 370;
_Beiträge zur Anthropologie_, 443.

Wahlstedt, J. J., _Iter in Americam_, 92.

Waiknas, 136.

Waitz, T., on Peruvian anthropology, 270;
_Naturvölker_, 369, 430, 443;
_Anthropologie_, 378, 430;
portrait, 378;
_Die Amerikaner_, 172, 378;
_Introd. to Anthropology_, 370, 378, 443.

Wake, C. S., _Chapters on Man_, 82;
_Serpent Worship_, 429.

Walam-Olum, 325.

Waldeck, Frederic de, buys some of the Boturini collection, 162;
_Voyage pittoresque_, 186;
at Uxmal, 186, 188;
portrait, 186;
map of Yucatan, 188;
in Yucatan, 194;
_Monuments Anc. du Méxique_, 194;
liberties of his drawings, 202;
_Coleccion de las Antig. Mex._, 444.

Walkenaer, C. A., _Voyages_, xxxvii.

Walkendorf, Bishop Eric, 107.

Walker, S. T., on Tampa Bay shell-heaps, 393.

Walker, _Athens County, Ohio_, 408.

Walker River cañon, 350.

Wallace, A. R., _Antiq. of Man in America_, 330;
on climate and its influence on races, 378;
_Tropical Nature_, 383;
does not believe in sunken continents, 383;
_Geog. Distribution of Animals_, 383;
_Malay Archipelago_, 383;
on the antiq. of man, 330, 384;
_Island life_, 387.

Wallace, C. M., _Flint implements_, 345.

Wallace, Jas., _Orkney Islands_, 118.

Wallbridge, T. C., 410.

Wampanoag Indians, 102, 323.

Wampum, 420;
belts, 420.

Ward, H. G., _Mexico_, 180.

Warden, David B., his library, iii;
_Art de vérifier des dates_, iii;
dies, iii;
translates Rio on Palenqué, 191;
on the origin of Americans, 192;
on the mounds, 399;
_Recherches_, 415.

Warner, J., 409.

Warren, Dr. J. C., on the mounds, 400.

Warren, W. F., _Key to Anc. Cosmologies_, 12;
on Homer’s earth, 39;
_True Key_, 39;
_Paradise Found_, 39, 47.

Warren, W. W., 327.

Washington, Col., expedition against Navajos, 396.

Washington, Geo., on the Dighton Rock, 104.

Washington, D. C., as a centre of study in Amer. history, xvii.

Water, proportion of, on the globe, 383.

Watkinson Library, xii.

Watrin, F., 326.

Watson, P. B., _Bibliog. of Pre-Columbian Discoveries_, 98.

Watts, Robt., i.

Weaving, art of, 420.

Webb, Daniel, 370.

Webb, Dr. T. H., 94.

Webster, Noah, on the mounds, 398.

Wedgwood, _Origin of language_, 422.

Weeden, W. B., _Indian money_, 420.

Wegner, G., _De Nav. Solomonæis_, 82.

Weigel, T. O., xvii;
on De Bry, xxxii.

Weights used by the Peruvians, 420.

Weise, A. J., _Disc. of America_, 45, 98;
on Atlantis, 45.

Weiser, Conrad, interpreter, 305;
his career, 305;
his papers, 305.

Welch, L. B., _Prehistoric Relics_, 408.

Welsh in America, 72.
_See_ Madoc.

West India Island, Malay stock in, 82.

Western Reserve Historical Soc., 407.

Westropp, H. M., _Prehistoric Phases_, 412.

Whately, Richard, _Polit. Economy_, 381;
_Origin of Civilization_, 381.

Wheaton, Henry, _Northmen_, 93;
French version, 93.

Wheeler, G. M., on the _Pueblos_, 395;
_U. S. Geol. Survey_, 396, 440.

Wheelock, Eleazer, his charity school, 322;
founds Dartmouth College, 322;
_Indian Charity School_, 322;
memoir, 322.

Whipple, Report on the Indian tribes, in _Pacific R. R. Repts._, 396.

White’s drawings in Hariot’s _Virginia_, xxxiii.

White, John S., 62.

Whitney, J. D., _Climatic Changes_, 69, 383;
searches in the Trenton gravels, 337;
on the neolithic man in the tertiary gravels, 350;
views the Calaveras skull, 385;
his accounts of it, 385;
_Auriferous Gravels_, 385;
_Human remains of the Gravel series_, 385;
disbelieves the precession of the equinoxes as affecting climate,
387;
on the Trenton implements, 388;
_Geol. of Lake Superior_, 418.

Whitney, W. D., _Language_, 74;
_Bearing of language on the Unity of Man_, 372;
_Testimony of language respecting the unity of the human race_, 422.

Whitney, W. F., _Bones of the native races_, 373.

Whittlesey, Col. Chas., on anc. hearths in the Ohio Valley, 389;
_Antiquity of Man in the U. S._, 391;
portraits, 399;
_Ancient Works in Ohio_, 399;
_Weapons of the Race of the Mounds_, 400;
on the Grave Creek tablet, 404;
on the Cincinnati tablet, 404;
surveys the Marietta mounds, 405;
on the Ohio mounds, 407, 408;
_Report_ on the archæology of Ohio, 407;
_Fugitive Essays_, 407;
surveys the Newark mounds, 408;
on Rock inscriptions, 410;
_Anc. mining at Lake Superior_, 418;
on anc. human remains in Ohio, 437.

Wicksteed, P. H., 241, 431.

Wiener, Charles, _Pérou et Bolivie_, 271;
_Le communisme des Incas_, 271;
_Les institutions de l’Empire des Incas_, 82, 271.

Wieser, F., on Zoana Mela, 122.

Wilde, Sir W. R., on lacustrine dwellings, 393.

Wilder, B. G., on Jeffries Wyman, 392.

Wilhelmi, K., _Island_, etc., 83, 96.

Willes, Richard, edits Eden, xxiii.

William of Worcester, 50.

Williams, C. M., 80.

Williams, G., _Guatemala_, 197.

Williams, H. C., 410.

Williams, H. L., 318.

Williams, Helen M., translates Humboldt’s _Vues_, 271.

Williams, Isaac, memoir, 319.

Williams, John, _Prince Madog_, 110.

Williams, Roger, on the Jews in America, 115;
_Key_, 423.

Williams, S. W., on Fousang, 80.

Williamson, Jos., on the Northmen in Maine, 97.

Williamson, Peter, _Sufferings_, 318.

Williamson on the Asiatic origin of Americans, 371.

Williamson, _No. Carolina_, 93.

Willson, Marcus, _American History_, 415.

Wilson, Sir Daniel, _Lost Atlantis_, 46;
on Vinland, 97;
_Historic Footprints in America_, 97;
on Dighton Rock, 104;
on the exaggeration of Mexican splendor, 174;
on picture-writing, 198;
on the Huron-Iroquois, 322;
on the Canada tribes, 322;
_Certain Cranial Forms_, 373;
on the unity of man, 374;
_American Cranial Type_, 374;
portrait, 375;
_Prehistoric Annals of Scotland_, 376;
first used the word “prehistoric”, 376;
_Prehistoric Man_, 376, 379, 415;
_Pre-Aryan Amer. Man_, 377;
_Unwritten History_, 377;
_Interglacial Man_, 388;
on the moundbuilders, 402;
on the Grave Creek tablet, 404;
accepts the Cincinnati tablet, 404;
on Canadian mounds, 410;
on bone and ivory work, 417;
on American pottery, 419;
_Artistic faculty in the aborig. races_, 419;
_American Crania_, 437.

Wilson, R. A., _New Conquest of Mexico_, 41, 174, 203.

Wimmer, L. F. A., _Runenskriftens_, etc., 66.

Winchell, Alex., on Atlantis, 45;
on the retrocession of the falls of St. Anthony, 382;
_Preadamites_, 379, 384.

Winchell, N. H., _Geol. of Minnesota_, 333;
discovers rude implements, 345;
on copper mining, 418.

Winsor, Justin, “Americana”, i;
“Early Descriptions of America”, etc., xix;
_Ptolemy’s Geography_, xxv;
“Pre-Columbian Explorations”, 59;
“Cartography of Greenland”, 117;
“Mexico and Central America”, 133;
sources of the history of the modern Indians, 316;
“Progress of Opinion respecting the Origin and Antiquity of Man in
America”, 369;
“Bibliog. of Aboriginal America”, 413;
“Comprehensive treatises on Amer. Antiquities”, 415;
“Industries and Trade of the American Aborigines”, 416;
“American Linguistics”, 421;
“American Myths and Religions”, 429;
“Archæological Museums and Periodicals”, 437;
_Calendar of the Sparks MSS._, 423.

Winthrop, Jas., on Dighton Rock, 103, 104.

Winthrop, John, the younger, 442.

Winthrop, R. C., 437.

Wisconsin Academy of Science, 438.

Wisconsin, Indians, 327;
mounds in, 400, 408.

Wiseman, Cardinal, _Lectures_, 372.

Witchitas, vocabulary, 440.

Withrow, W. H., on the last of the Hurons, 322;
on Jogues, 323.

Witsen, Nic., _Tartarye_, 123, 370.

Wittmack, L., on Peruvian plants found on graves, 273.

Wollheim, A. E., _Nat. lit. der Scand._, 66, 88.

Woodward, Ashbel, _Wampum_, 420.

Workshops of stone chipping, 417.

Wormskiold on the sites of the Greenland colonies, 108.

Worsaae, J. A., _Vorgesch. des Nordens_, 85;
acc. of, 85;
_Prehistory of the North_, 62;
_L’organisation des Musées_, 444;
_Danes in England_, 61.

Worsley, Israel, _View of the Amer. Indians_, 116.

Worthen, A. H., 388.

Wright, B. M., _Gold ornaments from the graves_, etc., 273.

Wright, D. F., 410.

Wright, Geo. F., on the antiq. of man in America, 340;
examines deposits in Delaware, 342;
_Man and the glacial period_, 388;
_Preglacial man in Ohio_, 388;
_Ohio gravel beds_, 388.

Wright, Thomas, _St. Brandan_, 48.

Wureland, 117.

Wuttke, H., _Erdkunde_, 38, 49;
on the Atlantic islands, 47.

Wuttke, _Gesch. der Schrift_, 205.

Wyandots, 327.

Wyhlandia, 117.

Wyman, Jeffries, 439; on the Calaveras skull, 353;
portrait, 392;
investigates shell-heaps, 392;
death, 392; accounts of, 392;
on the Florida shell heaps, 393;
on the St. John River, 393.

Wyman, W. H., on Quaritch, xvi;
_Bibliog. of Printing_, xvi.

Wynne, _Private Libraries of N. Y._, x, xviii.

Wyoming Hist. and Geol. Soc., 438.

XAHILA, F. E. A., 167.

Xenophanes, 6.

Xeres, on Peru, xxxvii.

Xibalba, 134; held to be Palenqué, 135;
Brinton’s view, 135.

Xicalancas, 136.

Xicaques, 169.

Ximenes, Francisco, 155;
finds the _Popul Vuh_, 166.

Ximenes, _Gnomone fioretino_, 51.

Xinca Indians, 428.

Xochicalco, 180.

Xochimilca conquered, 147.

Xoloc founded, 142.

Xolotl, 162.

Xuares, Juan, 155.

YAHAMA LANGUAGE, 425.

Yahuar-huaccac, 229.

Yaqui, 135.

Yarrow, H. C., _Mortuary Customs_, 328, 440;
on mound-burials, 408.

Yates and Moulton, _New York_, 104.

Yca, 277.

Youmans, Eliza H., 411.

Yucatan.
_See_ Mayas;
difficulty of the chronology, 152;
the Perez MS., 153;
sources, 164;
scant material, 164;
Barendt’s collection, 164;
ruins, 185;
early described, 186;
seen by Stephens, 186;
ancient records, 187;
architecture, 188;
Charnay’s map, 188;
other maps, 188;
age of the ruins, 191;
types of heads, 195;
bas-relief, 208;
had an Ethiopian stock, 370;
crucible for melting copper used, 418;
folk-lore, 434.

Yucay, 247.

Yuma language, 426.

Yuncas, 227;
grammar of, 280.

Yupanqui, Inca, his portrait, 228;
in power, 230;
called Pachacutec, 230.

ZABOROWSKI, _L’homme préhistorique_, 412.

Zacatecas, 183.

Zach, _Correspondenz_, 41.

Zachila, 184.

Zahrtmann on the Zeni, 112.

Zamná, 152, 434.

Zani, Count V., 205.

Zapaña, 229.

Zapata, MS. Hist. of Tlaxcalla, 162;
_Cronica de Tlaxcallan_, 164.

Zapotecs, 146, 149.

Zaragoza, Justo, 167, 444.

Zarate, Augustin de, _Prov. del Peru_, 261.

Zavala, L. de, on Uxmal, 186.

Zayi, ruins, 188.

Zegarra, G. P., _Ollantay_, 281, 282.

Zegarra, Pedro, 281;
_Ollantay_, 425.

Zeisberger, David, missionary, 423;
_Indian Dictionary_, 423;
on a Delaware grammar, 437.

_Zeitschrift für die Anthropologie_, 443.

_Zeitschrift für physische Aerzte_, 443.

Zeller, _Gesch. der Griech. Philosophie_, 36.

Zeni, brothers, xxviii, xxxiv, xxxvi;
northern voyage, 72, 111;
bibliog., 115;
_Dei Commentarii del Viaggio_, 73;
fac-simile of title, etc., 70, 71;
their map perhaps used by Bordone, 73;
it made an impression, 74, 128;
history of the belief in their voyage, 111;
the map, 111, 112, 114;
fac-simile of, 11, 127;
altered in Ptolemy, 111, 114;
facsimiles of this alteration, 111, 128;
maps possibly to be used by the young Zeno, 114, 126;
map compared with that of Olaus Magnus, 126;
condition of northern cartography at the date of the Zeno
publication, 126, 127.

Zerffi, _Hist. development of art_, 416.

Zestermann, C. A. A., _Colonization of America_, 60, 83.

Ziegler, America, xxxiii, 125.

Zoana Mela, 122.

Zorzi, Pæsi Nov., xix.

Zumárraga, Bp., orders a collection of traditions, 164;
_Hist. de los Mexicanos_, 164;
_Codex Zumárraga_, 164;
his alleged destruction of MSS., 203.

Zuñi, representatives of the cliff dwellers, 395;
references on, 396;
visits to, 396.

Zurita, A. de, on the Quiches, 168;
_Rapport_, 153;
character of, 153.

Zurla, Cardinal, on the Zeni, 112;
_Dissertazione_, 112;
_Di Marco Polo_, 47, 112;
_Fra Mauro_, 47.

Zutigils, 152.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Herrera failed to add a list of authors to the original edition of his _Historia_ (1601-1615), but one of about thirty-three entries is found in later editions.

[2] See Vol. IV. p. 417.

[3] Sabin, vol. x. no. 40,053; Carter-Brown, vol. ii. no. 347; Rich (1832), no. 188; Trübner, _Bibliographical Guide to American Literature_, p. viii; Murphy, no. 1,471.

[4] _Dictionary_, vol. ii. no. 5,102.

[5] For an account of a likeness, see J. C. Smith’s _British Mezzotint Portraits_, iv. no. 1,694.

[6] The book, of which 250 copies only were printed, is rare, and Quaritch prices it at £3 (Sabin, vol. ix. no. 37,447). It preserves some titles which are not otherwise known; and represents a library which Kennett had gathered for presentation to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. Rich (_Bibl. Amer. nova_, i. 21) says the index was made by Robert Watts. Although Stevens (Historical Collections, i. 142) says that the books were dispersed, the library is still in existence in London, though it lacks many titles given in the printed catalogue, and shows others not in that volume. Cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xx. 274; Allibone, ii. 1020; James Jackson’s _Bibliographies géographiques_ (Paris, 1881), no. 606; Trübner’s _Bibliographical Guide_, p. ix; Sabin, _Bibliography of Bibliographies_, p. lxxxvii.

[7] _Memorial History of Boston_, vol. i. pp. xviii, xix; vol. ii. pp. 221, 426.

[8] The original edition was Valencia, 1607. Carter-Brown, vol. ii. no. 52.

[9] _Catalogue_ (1832), no. 188. Cf. Carter-Brown, vol. iii. no. 568; Trübner, _Bibliographical Guide_, p. ix; Sabin, vol. i. no. 3,349. The portion on America is in vol. ii.

[10] For example, the Champlain of 1613, 3 fr.; that of 1632, 4 fr.; 21 volumes of the _Relations_ of the Jesuits, 18 fr.

[11] Sabin, _Dictionary_, vol. ii. no. 5,198; and _Bibliography of Bibliographies_, p. xviii; _Hist. Mag._, i. 57; and Allibone, ii. 1764, who calls him Reid, an American resident in London, and says he issued the bibliography as preparatory to a history of America. Jackson’s _Bibliographies géographiques_, no. 611, and Trübner, _Bibliographical Guide_, p. x, call it by the name of the publisher, Debrett.

[12] Jackson’s _Bibliographies géographiques_, no. 621.

[13] Jackson, _Bibliographies géographiques_, no. 612; _Serapeum_ (1845), p. 223; Trübner, _Bibliographical Guide_, p. xxv.

[14] Sparks, _Catalogue_, no. 1,635; Jackson’s _Bibliographies géographiques_, no. 613; Trübner, p. xxv.

[15] _History of Mexico_, iii. 512, where is an account of Alcedo’s historical labors.

[16] Sparks, _Catalogue_, no. 1,635 _a_, and p. 230.

[17] Sabin, _Bibliography of Bibliographies_, p. xxiv; H. H. Bancroft, _Central America_, ii. 700, 760.

[18] Quincy’s _Harvard University_, ii. 413, 596. It is noteworthy, in view of so rich an accession coming from Germany, that Grahame, the historian of our colonial period, says that in 1825 he found the University Library at Göttingen richer in books for his purpose than all the libraries of Britain joined together.

[19] This collection is also embraced in the Catalogue of the College Library already referred to. Mr. Warden began the collection of another library, which he used while writing the American part (10 vols.) of the _Art de vérifier des Dates_, Paris, 1826-1844, and which (1,118 works) was afterward sold to the State Library at Albany for $4,000. Dr. Henry A. Homes, the librarian at Albany, informs me that when arranged it made twenty-one hundred and twenty-three volumes. Warden’s _Bibliotheca Americana_, Paris, 1831, reprinted at Paris in 1840, is a catalogue of this collection. Mr. Warden died in 1845, aged 67. Cf. Ludewig in the _Serapeum_, 1845, p. 209; Muller, _Books on America_ (1872), no. 1734; Allibone, iii. 2,579; S. G. Goodrich, _Recollections_, ii. 243; Jackson’s _Bibl. Géog._, nos. 617, 618; Trübner, _Bibliographical Guide_, p. xiv. There was a final sale of Mr. Warden’s books by Horatio Hill, in New York, in 1846.

[20] This portrait of one of the earliest contributors to the bibliography of American history follows an engraving in the _Allgemeine geographische Ephemeriden_, May, 1800, p. 395. Ebeling was born Nov. 20, 1741, and died June 30, 1817, and his own contributions to American History were—

(_a_) _Amerikanische Bibliothek_ (Zwei Stücke), Leipzig, 1777.

(_b_) _Erdbescreibung und Geschichte von America_, Hamburg, 1795-1816, in seven vols.; the author’s interleaved copy, with manuscript notes, is in Harvard College Library.

(_c_) With Professor Hegewisch, _Americanisches Magazin_, Hamburg, 1797.

There are other likenesses,—one a large lithograph published at Hamburgh; the other a small profile by C. H. Kniep. Both are in the collection of the American Antiquarian Society.

[21] This collection was offered to Congress for purchase through Edward Everett in December, 1827. The printed list, with nearly a hundred entries for manuscripts and three hundred and eighty-nine for printed books, covering the years 1506-1825, was printed as Document 37 of the 1st session of the 20th Congress. The sale was not effected. Rich had been able to gather the books at moderate cost because of the troubled political state of the peninsula. Trübner, _Bibliographical Guide_, p. xv.

[22] _Dictionary_, ii. 1788.

[23] _Bibl. Amer. Vet._, p. xxix.

[24] Dibdin (_Library Companion_, edition 1825, p. 467) refers to this spirit, hoping it would lead to a new edition of White Kennett, perfected to date.

[25] _Bibliotheca Grenvilliana_ (London, 1842), now a part of the British Museum.

[26] Sabin, _Bibliog. of Bibliog._, p. cxxi; Allibone, _Dictionary_, p. 1787; Trübner, _Bibliographical Guide to American Literature_, Introduction, p. xiv; Jackson’s _Bibl. Géog._, no. 623, etc.; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, i. 395; _Historical Magazine_, iii. 75; _Menzies Catalogue_, no. 1,690; Ternaux-Compans, _Bibliothèque Américaine_, Preface. Puttick and Simpson’s _Catalogues_, London, June 25, 1850, and March, April, and May, 1872, note some of his books, besides manuscript bibliographies.

After Mr. Rich’s death Mr. Edward G. Allen took the business, and issued various catalogues of books on America in 1857-1871. Cf. Jackson’s _Bibliog. Géog._, nos. 677-682.

[27] See Vol. III. p. 159. The catalogue, being without date, is sometimes given later than 1833. Cf. Jackson, _Bibliog. Géog._, no. 636; and no. 690. A new _Rough List_ of the Barlow Collection was printed in 1885.

[28] _Magazine of American History_, iii. 177. This library was sold in November, 1836, as Raetzel’s; the numbers 908-2,117 concerned America. Trübner (_Bibliographical Guide_, p. xviii) says the collection was formed by Ternaux probably with an ultimate view to sale. Ternaux did not die till December, 1864.

[29] Now worth 40 or 50 francs.

[30] Trübner, _Bibliographical Guide_, p. xvi.

[31] See Vol. IV. p. 367. Cf. also Trübner, _Bibliographical Guide_, p. xviii; and Daniel’s _Nos Gloires Nationales_, where will be found a portrait of Faribault.

[32] Sabin, x. nos. 42, 644-42, 645.

[33] Sabin, x. 42, 643; Trübner, _Bibliographical Guide_, p. xxi.

[34] _Historical Magazine_, xii. 145; Allibone, ii. p. 1142. The sale of Mr. Ludewig’s library (1,380 entries) took place in New York in 1858.

[35] In his _Verrazano_, p. 5.

[36] Cf. also D’Avezac in his _Waltzemüller_, p. 4.

[37] Sabin, viii. p. 107; Jackson, _Bibliog. Géog._, no. 696. The edition was four hundred copies.

[38] An error traced to the proof-reader, it is said in Sabin’s _Bibliog. of Bibliog._, p. lxxiv.

[39] Stevens noticed this defence by reiterating his charges in a note in his _Bibliotheca Historica_, 1870, no. 860.

[40] Vol. IV. p. 366.

[41] Sabin, _Bibliography of Bibliographies_, p. lxxv.

[42] _Grandeur et décadence de la Colombine_, Paris, 1885.

[43] _J. J. Cooke Catalogue_, no. 2,214; _Griswold Catalogue_, nos. 730, 731. The editions were fifty copies on large paper, two hundred on small. It may be worth record that Gowan, a publisher in New York, was the earliest (1846) to instigate a taste for large paper copies among American collectors, by printing in that style Furman’s edition of Denton’s _Description of New York_, after the manner of the English purveyors to book-fancying.

[44] See _Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society_, Philadelphia, 1881, p. 28.

[45] Mr. Wilberforce Eames is the new editor. A list of the catalogues prepared by Mr. Sabin is given in his _Bibliography of Bibliographies_, p. cxxiv, etc.

[46] The German translation, _Kritische Untersuchungen_, was made by J. I. Ideler, Berlin, 1852, in 3 vols. It has an index, which the French edition lacks.

[47] Sabin, viii. 539. The edition of Paris, without date, called _Histoire de la géographie du nouveau continent_, is the same, with a new title and an introduction of four pages, La Cosa’s map being omitted.

[48] _Verrazano_, p. 4.

[49] In his _Cosmos_ Humboldt gives results, which he says are reached in his unpublished sixth volume of the _Examen critique_.

[50] The Humboldt Library was burned in London in June, 1865. Nearly all of the catalogues were destroyed at the same time; but a few large paper copies were saved, which, being perfected with a new title (London, 1878), have since been offered by Stevens for sale. Portions of the introduction to it are also used in an article by Stevens on Humboldt, in the _Journal of Sciences and Arts_ January, 1870. Various of Humboldt’s manuscripts on American matters are advertised in Stargardt’s _Amerika und Orient_, no. 135, p. 3 (Berlin, 1881).

[51] Cf. _Historical Magazine_, vol. ix. no. 335; _Magazine of American History_, vol. ii. pp. 193, 221, 565; _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, April, 1868. Colonel Force died in January, 1868.

[52] Mr. Sparks died March 14, 1866. Tributes were paid to his memory by distinguished associates in the Massachusetts Historical Society (_Proceedings_, ix. 157), and Dr. George E. Ellis reported to them a full and appreciative memoir (_Proceedings_, x. 211). Cf. also _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, March, 1866; _Historical Magazine_, May, 1866; Brantz Mayer before the Maryland Historical Society, 1867, etc.

[53] Cf. _Historical Magazine_, vol. ix. p. 137.

[54] The principal interpreter of the Indian languages of the temperate parts of North America has been Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull, of Hartford, for whose labor in the bibliography of the subject see a chapter in vol i. of the _Memorial History of Boston_. There is also a collection edited by him, of books in and upon the Indian languages, in the _Brinley Catalogue_, iii. 123-145. He gave in the _Proceedings_ of the American Antiquarian Society, and also separately in 1874, a list of books in the Indian languages, printed at Cambridge and Boston, 1653-1721 (Field, _Indian Bibliography_, no. 1,571). Cf. also Ludewig’s _Literature of American Aboriginal Languages_, mentioned on an earlier page. It was edited and corrected by William W. Turner. (Cf. _Pinart-Brasseur Catalogue_, no. 565; Field, _Indian Bibliography_, no. 959).

Icazbalceta published in 1866, at Mexico, a list of the writers on the languages of America; and Romero made a similar enumeration of those of Mexico, in 1862, in the _Boletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de Geografia_, vol. viii. Dr. Daniel G. Brinton has made a good introduction to the literary history of the native Americans in his _Aboriginal American Authors_, published by him at Philadelphia in 1883. For his own linguistic contributions, see Field, _Indian Bibliography_, no. 187, etc. One of the earliest enumerations of linguistic titles can be picked out of the list which Boturini Benaduci, in 1746, appended to his _Idea de una nueva historia general de la America septentrional_.

The most extensive enumeration of the literature of all the North American tongues is doubtless to be the _Bibliography of North American Linguistics_, which is preparing by Mr. James C. Pilling of the Bureau of Ethnology in Washington, and which will be published in due time by that bureau. A preliminary issue (100 copies) for corrections is called _Proof-sheets of a Bibliography of the Indian Languages of North America_ (pp. xl, 1135).

The _Bibliotheca Americana_ of Leclerc (Paris, 1879) affords many titles to which a preliminary “Table des Divisions” affords an index, and most of them are grouped under the heading “Linguistique,” p. 537, etc. The third volume of H. H. Bancroft’s Native Races, particularly in its notes, is a necessary aid in this study; and a convenient summary of the whole subject will be found in chapter x. of John T. Short’s _North Americans of Antiquity_. J. C. E. Buschmann has been an ardent laborer in this field; the bibliographies give his printed works (Field’s _Indian Bibliography_, p. 208, etc.), and Stargardt’s _Catalogue_ (no. 135, p. 6) shows some of his manuscripts. The Comte Hyacinthe de Charencey has for some years, from time to time, printed various minor monographs on these subjects; and in 1883 he collected his views in a volume of _Mélanges de philologie et de paléographie Américaines_.

The Abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg, in his _Bibliothèque Mexico-Guatemalienne_ (Leclerc, nos. 81, 1,084), has given for Central America a very excellent list of the works on the linguistics of the natives, which are all contained also in the _Catalogue_ of the Pinart-Brasseur sale, which took place in Paris in January and February, 1884. Cf. the paper on Brasseur by Dr. Brinton, in _Lippincott’s Magazine_, vol. i.; and the enumeration of his numerous writings in Sabin’s _Dictionary_, ii. 7,420; also Leclerc, Field, and Bancroft.

Dr. Félix C. Y. Sobron’s _Los Idiomas de la America Latina,—Estudios Biografico-bibliograficos_, published a few years since at Madrid, gives, according to Dr. Brinton, extended notices of several rare volumes; but on the whole the book is neither exhaustive nor very accurate.

Julius Platzmann’s _Verzeichniss einer Auswahl Amerikanischer Grammatiken_, etc. (Leipsic, 1876), is a small but excellent list, with proper notes. These bibliographies will show the now numerous works upon the aboriginal tongues, their construction and their fruits.

There are several important series interesting to the student, which are found in the catalogues. Such are the _Bibliothèque linguistique Américaine_, published in seven volumes by Maisonneuve in Paris (Leclerc, no. 2,674); the _Coleccion de linguistica y etnografía Americanas_, or _Bibliothèque de linguistique et d’Ethnographie Américaines_, 1875, etc., edited by A. L. Pinart; the _Library of American Linguistics_, in thirteen volumes, edited by Dr. John G. Shea (Cf. _Brinley Catalogue_, vol. iii. no. 5,631; Field, no. 1,396); _Brinton’s Library of Aboriginal American Literature_, published by Dr. D. G. Brinton in Philadelphia; and Brasseur de Bourbourg’s _Collection de documents dans les langues indigènes_, Paris, 1861-1864, in four volumes (cf. Field, p. 175).

The earliest work printed exclusively in a native language was the _Catecismo de la Doctrina Cristiana en lengua Timuiquana_, published at Mexico in 1617 (cf. Sabin, vol. xiv. no. 58,580; Finotti, p. 14). This is the statement often made; but Mr. Pilling refers me to references in Icazbalceta’s _Zumárraga_ (vol. 1. p. 200) to an earlier edition of about 1547; and in the same author’s _Bibliografia Mexicana_ (p. 32), to one of 1553. Molina’s _Vocabulario de la lengua Castellana y Mexicana_, placing the Nahuatl and Castilian in connection, was printed at Mexico in 1555. The book is very rare, five or six copies only being known; and Quaritch has priced an imperfect copy at £72 (Quaritch, _Bibliog. Géog. linguistica_, 1879, no. 12,616; Carter-Brown, vol. i. no. 206; _Brinley Catalogue_, vol. iii. no, 5,771). The edition of 1571 is also rare (_Pinart-Brasseur Catalogue_, no. 630; Carter-Brown, vol. i. nos. 285, 286; Quaritch, 1879, no. 12,617). The first edition of Molina’s Aztec grammar, _Arte de la lengua Mexicana y Castellana_, was published the same year (1571). Quaritch (1879, no. 12,615) prices this at £52 10_s._ Cf. also Carter-Brown, vol. i. no. 284. One of the chief of the more recent studies of the linguistics of Mexico is Francisco Pimentel’s _Cuadro descriptivo y comparativo de las lenguas indigenas de México_, Mexico, 1862-1865; and second edition in 1874-1875.

This subject has other treatment later in the present volume.

[55] It included two thousand and thirty-four items, ninety-four of which were Mr. Squier’s own works.

[56] Vol. II. p. 578.

[57] He says that up to 1881 he had gathered 35,000 volumes, at a cost of $300,000, exclusive of time and travelling expenses. His manuscripts embraced 1,200 volumes. The annual growth of his library is still 1,000 volumes.

[58] One twelfth of the earth’s surface, as he says.

[59] Cf. account of Maximilian’s library in the _Bookworm_ (1869), p. 14.

[60] These biographical data are derived from a tract given out by himself which he calls _A brief account of the literary undertakings of Hubert Howe Bancroft_ (San Francisco, A. L. Bancroft & Co. [his own business house], 1882, 8vo, pp. 12). Other accounts of his library will be found in the _American Bibliopolist_, vii. 44; and in Apponyi’s _Libraries of California_, 1878. Descriptions of the library and of the brick building (built in 1881) which holds it, and of his organized methods, have occasionally appeared in the _Overland Monthly_ and in other serial issues of California, as well as in those of the Atlantic cities. He has been free to make public the most which is known regarding his work. He says that the grouping and separating of his material has been done mostly by others, who have also written fully one half of the text of what he does not hesitate to call _The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft_; and he leaves the reader to derive a correct understanding of the case from his prefaces and illustrative tracts. Cf. J. C. Derby’s _Fifty Years among authors, books, and publishers_ (New York, 1884), p. 31.

[61] Averaging twelve from that time to this; a hundred persons were tried for every one ultimately retained as a valuable assistant,—is his own statement.

[62] At a cost, as he says, of $80,000 to 1882.

[63] They appeared in _The Nation_ and in the _New York Independent_ early in 1883. The first aimed to show that there were substantial grounds for dissent from Mr. Bancroft’s views regarding the Aztec civilization. The second ignored that point in controversy, and merely proposed, as was stated, to test the “bibliographic value” which Mr. Bancroft had claimed for his book, and to point out the failures of the index plan and the vicarious system as employed by him.

[64] Seemingly intended to make part of one of the later volumes of his series, to be called _Essays and Miscellanies_.

[65] With a general title (as following his _Native Races_) of _The History of the Pacific States_, we are to have in twenty-eight volumes the history of Central America, Mexico, North Mexico, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, Northwest Coast, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, British Columbia, and Alaska,—to be followed by six volumes of allied subjects, not easily interwoven in the general narrative, making thirty-nine volumes for the entire work. The volumes are now appearing at the rate of three or four a year.

[66] The list which is prefixed to the first volume of the _History of California_, forming vol. xiii. of his Pacific States series, is particularly indicative of the rich stores of his library, and greatly eclipses the previous lists of Mr. A. S. Taylor, which appeared in the _Sacramento Daily Union_, June 25, 1863 and March 13, 1866. Cf. Harrisse, _Bibl. Amer. Vet._, p. xxxix. A copy of Taylor’s pioneer work, with his own corrections, is in Harvard College Library. Mr. Bancroft speaks very ungraciously of it.

[67] See Vol. IV., chap. i. p. 19.

[68] Jackson, _Bibl. Géog._, no. 639; _Menzies Catalogue_, nos. 1,459, 1,460; Wynne’s _Private Libraries of New York_, p. 335. Mr. Murphy died Dec. 1, 1882, aged seventy-two; and his collection, then very much enlarged, was sold in March, 1884. Its _Catalogue_, edited by Mr. John Russell Bartlett, shows one of the richest libraries of Americana which has been given to public sale in America. It is accompanied by a biographical sketch of its collector. Cf. Vol. IV. p. 22.

[69] Cf. Wynne’s _Private Libraries of New York_, p. 106. Mr. Brevoort died December 7, 1887.

[70] Cf. Sabin, v. 283; Farnham’s _Private Libraries of Boston_.

[71] February, 1880, aged eighty years. His father was Robert Lenox, a Scotchman, who began business in New York in 1783, and retired in 1812 with a large fortune, including a farm of thirty acres, worth then about $6,000, and to-day $10,000,000,—if such figures can be made accurate. Cf. also Charles Deane in _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, April, 1880. Henry Stevens’s _Recoll. of Lenox_ is conspicuous for what it does not reveal.

[72] The Lenox Library is now under the direction of the distinguished American historical student, Dr. George H. Moore, so long in charge of the New York Historical Society’s library. Cf. an account of Dr. Moore by Howard Crosby in the _Historical Magazine_, vol. xvii. (January, 1870). The officer in immediate charge of the library is Dr. S. Austin Allibone, well known for his _Dictionary of Authors_.

[73] Mr. Bartlett was early in life a dealer in books in New York; and the Americana catalogues of Bartlett and Welford, forty years ago, were among the best of dealers’ lists. Jackson’s _Bibl. Géog._, no. 641.

[74] The field of Americana before 1800 has been so nearly exhausted in its composition, that recent purchases have been made in other departments, particularly of costly books on the fine arts.

[75] Cf. Vol. III. p. 380.

[76] Because Greenland in the map of the Ptolemy of this year is laid down. The slightest reference to America in books of the sixteenth century have entitled them to admission.

[77] The book purports to have been printed in one hundred copies; but not more than half that number, it is said, have been distributed. Some copies have a title reading, _Bibliographical notices of rare and curious books relating to America, printed in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, in the library of the late John Carter Brown, by John Russell Bartlett_.

[78] Sir Arthur Helps, in referring to the assistance he had got from books sent to him from America, and from this library in particular, says: “As far as I have been able to judge, the American collectors of books are exceedingly liberal and courteous in the use of them, and seem really to understand what the object should be in forming a great library.” _Spanish Conquest_, American edition, p. 122.

[79] Cf. _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, October, 1875.

[80] Dr. Trumbull himself has been a keen collector of books on American history, particularly in illustration of his special study of aboriginal linguistics; while his influence has not been unfelt in the forming of the Watkinson Library, and of that of the Connecticut Historical Society, both at Hartford.

[81] The first sale—there are to be four—took place in March, 1878, and illustrated a new device in testamentary bequests. Mr. Brinley devised to certain libraries the sum of several thousand dollars each, to be used to their credit for purchases made at the public sale of his books. The result was a competition that carried the aggregate of the sales, it is computed, as much beyond the sum which might otherwise have been obtained, as was the amount devised,—thus impairing in no degree the estate for the heirs, and securing credit for public bequests. The scheme has been followed in the sale of the library (the third part of which was Americana, largely from the Menzies library) of the late J. J. Cooke, of Providence, with an equivalent appreciation of the prices of the books. It is a question if the interests of the libraries benefited are advanced by such artificial stimulation of prices, which a factitious competition helps to make permanent.

[82] _American Bibliopolist_, viii. 128; Wynne’s _Private Libraries of New York_, p. 318. The collection was not exclusively American.

[83] Memoir of Mr. Crowninshield, by Charles Deane, in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xvii. 356. Mr. Stevens is said to have given about $9,500 for the library. It was sold in various parts, the more extensive portion in July, 1860. Allibone, vol. ii. p. 2,248.

[84] This collection—which Mr. Allan is said to have held at $15,000—brought $39,000 at auction after his death.

[85] Another catalogue rich in pamphlets relating to America is that of Albert G. Greene, New York, 18339.

[86] The _Catalogue_ is more correctly printed than the _Essay_. Sabin, _Bibliog. of Bibliog._, p. cxxv.

[87] _Bibliotheca Mejicana, a collection of books relating to Mexico, and North and South America_; sold by Puttick & Simpson in London, June, 1869. (About 3,000 titles.)

[88] Jackson, _Bibl. Géog._, nos. 844, 845.

[89] _Catalogue de la collection précieuse de livres anciens et modernes formant la Bibliothèque de feu M. Serge Sobolewski (de Moscou)_ Leipsic, 1873.

[90] _Bibliotheca Sunderlandiana. Sale Catalogue of the Sunderland or Blenheim Library. Five Parts._ London, 1881-1883. (13,858 nos.)

[91] _Catalogue de livres rares et précieux, manuscrits et imprimés, principalement sur l’Amérique et sur les langues du monde entier, composant la bibliothèque de Alphonse L. Pinart, et comprenant en totalité la bibliothèque Mexico-Guatémalienne de M. l’abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg._ Paris, 1883. viii. 248 pp. 8º.

[92] _Catalogue de la précieuse bibliothèque de feu M. le Docteur J. Court, comprenant une collection unique de voyageurs et d’historiens relatifs à l’Amérique. Première partie._ Paris, 1884. (458 nos.)

[93] There is an account of his family antecedents, well spiced as his wont is, in the introduction to his _Bibliotheca Historica_, 1870.

[94] Trübner, _Bibliographical Guide to American Literature_ (1859), p. iv.; _North American Review_, July, 1850, p. 205, by George Livermore.

[95] Allibone, ii. 2247-2248.

[96] Sabin, vol. xii. no. 49,961.

[97] Stevens, _Historical Collections_, i. 874. It was ostensibly made in preparation for his projected _Bibliographia Americana_.

[98] _Historical Collections_, vol. i. no. 90; Allibone, vol. ii. p. 2248.

[99] Allibone, ii. 2248; _Historical Collections_, vol. i. no. 875; _Bibliotheca Historica_ (1870), no. 1,974.

[100] Allibone, ii. 2248; _Historical Collections_, vol. i. no. 878.

[101] It was first published, less perfectly, in the _American Journal of Science_, vol. xcviii. p. 299; and of the separate issue seventy-five copies only were printed. _Bibliotheca Historica_ (1870), no. 1,976. It was also issued as a part of a volume on the proposed _Tehuantepec Railway_, prepared by his brother, Simon Stevens, and published by the Appletons of New York the same year. _Ibid._ no. 1,977; _Historical Collections_, vol. i. nos. 894-895; Allibone, vol. ii. p. 2348, nos. 17, 18, 19.

[102] _Historical Collections_, vol. i. no. 897.

[103] It is a droll fancy of his to call his bookshop the “Nuggetory;” to append to his name “G. M. B.,” for Green Mountain Boy; and even to parade in a similar titular fashion his rejection at a London Club,—“Bk-bld—Ath.-Cl.”

[104] _Historical Collections_, vol. i. no. 898.

[105] _Historical Collections_, vol. i. no. 899.

[106] The public is largely indebted to the efforts of Mr. Theodore F. Dwight, the librarian and keeper of the Archives of the Department of State at Washington, for the ultimate success of the endeavor to secure these manuscripts to the nation. Mr. Stevens had lately (1885) formed a copartnership with his son, Mr. Henry N. Stevens, and had begun a new series of Catalogues, of which No. 1 gives his own publications, and No. 2 is a bibliography of New Hampshire History. He died in London, February 28, 1886.

[107] _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1863, p. 203. Dr. Homes, of Albany, is confident Joseph Bumstead was earlier in Boston than Mr. Drake. The _Boston Directory_ represents him as a printer in 1800, and as a bookseller after 1816.

[108] His earliest catalogue appeared in 1842, as of his private library. Sabin’s _Bibl. of Bibl._, p. xlix. A collection announced for sale in Boston in 1845 was withdrawn after the catalogue was printed, having been sold to the Connecticut Historical Society for $4,000. At one time he amassed a large collection of American school-books to illustrate our educational history. They were bought (about four hundred in all) by the British Museum.

[109] Cf. Jackson’s _Bibl. Géog._, no. 684, and pp. 185, 199. Also see Vol. III. 361.

[110] His catalogues are spiced with annotations signed “Western Memorabilia.” Sabin (_Dictionary_, vii. 369) quotes the saying of a rival regarding Gowans’s catalogues, that their notes “were distinguished by much originality, some personality, and not a little bad grammar.” His shop and its master are drawn in F. B. Perkins’s _Scrope, or the Lost Library_. _A Novel_. Mr. Gowans died in November, 1870, at sixty-seven, leaving a stock, it is said, of 250,000 bound volumes, besides a pamphlet collection of enormous extent. Mr. W. C. Prime told the story of his life, genially, in _Harper’s Magazine_ (1872), in an article on “Old Books in New York.” Speaking of his stock, Mr. Prime says: “There were many more valuable collections in the hands of booksellers, but none so large, and probably none so wholly without arrangement.” Mr. Gowans was a Scotchman by birth, and came to America in 1821. After a varied experience on a Mississippi flat-boat, he came to New York, and in 1827 began life afresh as a bookseller’s clerk. Cf. _American Bibliopolist_, January, 1871, p. 5.

[111] Harrisse, _Bibl. Amer. Vet._, p. xxx.

[112] Jackson, _Bibl. Géog._, nos. 670-676.