Chapter XXII: Section III: Names of the Sanjaks of each Province

Rumeïli has two Defterdárs, one of the treasury-office (mál), and of the feudal tenures (tímár) a Kehiyá of Chávushes, an inspector of the Defter (rolls), a Kehiyá of the Defter; an Aláï-beg (colonel of the feudal militia); a Cherí-báshí (lieutenant-colonel); a Voinók-ághá, and seven Yúrúk-begs. The twenty-four sanjaks are: 1. Sofia, the residence of the Páshá. 2. Kústendíl. 3. Skutari. 4. Terkhaleh. 5. Ukhrí. 6. Avlona. 7. Delvina. 8. Yánína. 9. Elbessán. 10. Chermen. 11. Saloník. 12. Askúb (Scopi). 13. Dúkágín. 14. Vídín. 15. Alájeh Hisár. 16. Perzerín. 17. Vejterín. 18. Silistria. 19. Nicopolis. 20. Kirk-kílseh. 21. Bender. 22. Ak-kermán. 23. Ozí (Oczakov). 24. Kílbúrún.

_Sanjaks of the Province of Anádólí._

There is a Kehiyá, an Emín (inspector), and Muhásibjí (comptroller of the defter or rolls), an Emín and Kehiyá of the Chávushes, a colonel and captain of the feudal militia, four Begs called Musellim, and eleven Yáyá Begs. 1. Kútáhieh. 2. Saríkhán. 3. Aïdía. 4. Kastamúni. 5. Bólí. 6. Munteshá. 7. Angora. 8. Kara-hisár. 9. Tekkeh. 10. Hamid-sultán. 11. Ogí-karasí.

_Sanjaks of the Province of Karamán._

This province has a Defterdár of the treasury, and of the feuds, an Emín of the Defter and of the Chávushes; a Kehiyá of the Defter and of the Chávushes; an Aláï-beg (colonel), and Cherí-báshí (captain). 1. Konia, the residence of the Páshá. 2. Kaiserieh (Cæsarea). 3. Níkdeh. 4. Yení-sheherí. 5. Kír-sheherí. 6. Ak-seráï.

_Sanjaks of Sívás._

The Defter (treasury) has a Kehiyá, and Emín, the Chávushes have the same; there is besides a captain and Defterdár of the feuds. 1. Sívás, the seat of the Páshá. 2. Deverbegi. 3. Khúrúm. 4. Keskín. 5. Búzouk. 6. Amasia. 7. Tokát. 8. Zíla. 9. Janík. 10. Arab-gír.

_Sanjaks of Bosna._

The officers are, the Defterdár of the treasury, the Kehiyá and Emín of the rolls; the Kehiyá and Emín of the Chávushes, the Aláï-beg and the Cherí-báshí. 1. Seráï, the seat of the Páshá. 2. Hersek. 3. Kilís. 4. Zvorník. 5. Poshega. 6. Záchina. 7. Kírka. 8. Ráhovícha. 9. Banalúka.

_The Province of the Capúdán Páshá._

The officers are, the Kehiyá and Emín of the Defter and Chávushes, the Aláï-beg and Cherí-báshí, the Aghás of the Arabs, and the Dáïs of the Yúz-báshís. 1. Gallipoli, the seat of the Pasha. 2. Aghribúz (Negropont). 3. Karlí-eilí (Acarnania). 4. Ainabakht (Naupaktus or Lepanto). 5. Rodós (Rhodes). 6. Mytylini. 7. Kójá-eilí. 8. Bíghá. 9. Izmit (Nicomedia). 10. Izmír (Smyrna).

_Sanjaks of the Morea._

Here there is neither Kehiyá nor Emín of the Defter. The Sanjaks are: 1. Misistra. 2. Mania. 3. Corone; Ayá Maura. 4. Napoli di Romania. The sanjaks Sákiz (Chios), Naksha (Naxos), and Mahdia (in Africa), have recently been added to the government of the Capudán-páshá.

_Sanjaks of Búdín (Bude)._

The number of officers attached to each province in this district is complete, because it always has a grand diván. They are: 1. The Defterdár of the treasury. 2. The defterdár of the Tímárs or feuds. 3. The Kehiyá or deputy of the defter. 4. The Kehiyá of the Chávushes. 5. The Emín or inspector of the defter. 6. The Emín of the Chávushes. 7. The Aláï Beg, or colonel. 8. The Cherí-báshí or lieutenant-colonel of the feudal militia. 9. The Pashá who resides at Bude. The Sanjaks are: 1. Bude. 2. Segdin. 3. Sonluk. 4. Hetwán. 5. Sihún. 6. Germán. 7. Filek. 8. Erla.

_Sanjaks of the Province of Kaniza._

This province was separated from the principality of Bude, and there is no Defterdár either of the treasury or of the feudal militia. The sanjaks are: 1. Siget. 2. Kopán. 3. Valiova, 4. Sokolofja.

_Sanjaks of Uivár (Neuhausel)._

This province was conquered only in the time of Mohammed IV., by Kopreïlí Zádeh Ahmed Páshá. It is a well cultivated district. The sanjaks are: 1. Litova. 2. Novígrád. 3. Húlichk. 4. Boyák. 5. Shaswár.

_The Province of Temiswar._

Here the usual offices were established during the reign of Mohammed IV., at the time of its second conquest by Kopreïlí Ahmed Páshá. The fortress of Yanova was then the seat of the Páshá. The sanjaks are: 1. Lipova. 2. Kíánad. 3. Jíulei. 4. Mode. 5. Lugos. 6. Facias Arad. 7. Five churches, the wakf (or pious bequest) of Sokollí Mohammed Páshá.

_The Province of Varasdin._

This province was conquered by Kozí Alí Páshá in the time of Mohammed IV. Sanjaks: 1. Slanta. 2. Debrechin. 3. Khalmas. 4. Seus Giorgi. The inhabitants of this country being all infidels, the tribute is collected by Hungarian chiefs who forward it to Constantinople.

_Transylvania._

This principality was conquered during the reign of Sultan Mohammed IV. by the arms of the brave Seïdí Ahmed Páshá; and Michael Apasty was made viceroy on condition that he should pay an annual tribute of one thousand purses besides certain presents. The population is composed of native Transylvanians, of Siklev, and of Saxons; the latter have always been disaffected towards the Osmánlí government.

_Valachia and Moldavia._

These are also infidel principalities governed by princes appointed by the Ottoman government, and pay an annual tribute of two thousand purses; they are considered as belonging to the province of Silistria.

_Oczakov or Silistria._

Here there are no public officers as in the other provinces, having been detached from the government of Rúmeïlí. Its sanjaks are: 1. Nikopolis. 2. Chermen. 3. Viza. 4. Kirk Kilisia (or forty churches). 5. Bender. 6. Akkermán. 7. Oczakov. 8. Kilbúrún. 9. Dúghún. 10. Silistria, which is the seat of the Páshá.

_Krim (the Crimea)._

This territory is governed by a Khán, who has the privilege of coining, and of having the Khotba read in the mosques, his name being mentioned immediately after that of the Osmánlí Emperor, who has the right of appointing and changing the Kháns. The residence of the Khán is at Baghcheseráï, and that of the Sultan at Ak-mesjid. The subordinate officers are styled Shírín-begs and Másúr-begs; the former are selected from the Nakhcheván family, and the latter from the Manik.

_The Province of Kaffa._

Its sanjaks are ruled by Voivodas, immediately appointed by the Osmánlí Sultan and not by the Kháns. These sanjaks are: 1. Bálikláva. 2. Kirej. 3. Támán. 4. Cherkess-shagha. 5. Balisira. 6. Azov. Besides the Defterdár, there are no public officers.

_The Province of Cyprus._

There are here, a Defterdár of the treasury and of the feuds; a Kehiyá and Emín of the Defter and Chávushes, an Aláï-beg, and a Cherí-báshí. The sanjaks are: 1. Itshilí. 2. Társús. 3. Aláyí. 4. Sís or Khás. The following have a Sáliáneh, or annual allowance from the treasury: Kerina, Paphos, Tamagusta, and Nicosia. It is a large island, and contains 30,000 Moslem warriors, and 150,000 infidels.

_The Province of Candia._

Canea was conquered in the reign of Sultán Ibrahím, by Yúsuf Páshá; and twenty-six years afterwards Candia was taken by Kopreïlí Zádeh the second, after a protracted siege of three years. The sanjaks are: 1. Canea. 2. Retimo. 3. Selina. This island, being so extensive, has the complement of public officers, and maintains a force of 40,000 men.

_The Province of Damascus._

Some of the sanjaks of this province are khás (_i.e._ yield a land revenue); and others are Sáliáneh (_i.e._ have an annual allowance from government). Of the former are: 1. Jerusalem. 2. Gaza. 3. Karak. 4. Safet. 5. Náblús. 6. Aajelún. 7. Lejún. 8. Bokoa. Of the latter: Tadmor, Saida, and Bairút.

_The Province of Trabalús (Tripoli)._

Its sanjaks are: 1. Trabalús (Tripoli) the seat of the Páshá. 2. Hama. 3. Homs. 4. Salamieh. 5. Jebella. 6. Latakia. 7. Husnábád. It has also forty Begs of the Drúzís in the mountains which belong to it.

_The Province of Adna._

Having been separated from the government of Haleb, it has no diván officers. The sanjaks are: 1. Sís. 2. Tarsús. 3. Karatásh. 4. Selfekeh. It has also seven Bóï-begs. Being a mountainous country it is very turbulent.

_The Province of Haleb (Aleppo)._

Two of its sanjaks which receive a stipend, have no ziámet nor tímár. The sanjaks are: 1. Akrád Kilís. 2. Bírejek. 3. Maura. 4. Azir. 5. Bális. 6. Antakia (Antioch). Those which receive the allowance are Massiaf, and the sanjak of the Turkomans, who are very numerous in this province.

_The Province of Díúrbeker._

In this province there are nineteen sanjaks, and five hakúmets (or hereditary governments). Eleven of the nineteen sanjaks are the same as the others in the Ottoman provinces, but the remaining eight were, at the time of the conquest, conferred on Kurdish Begs with the patent of family inheritance for ever. Like other sanjaks, they are divided into ziámets and tímárs, the possessors of which are obliged to serve in the field; but if they do not, the ziámet or timár may be transferred to a son or relation, but not to a stranger. The hakúmets have neither ziámets nor timárs. Their governors exercise full authority, and receive not only the land revenues, but also all the other taxes which in the sanjaks are paid to the possessor of the ziámet or timár, such as the taxes for pasturage, marriages, horses, vineyards, and orchards. The Ottoman sanjaks are: 1. Kharpút. 2. Arghání. 3. Siverek. 4. Nissibin. 5. Husunkeïf. 6. Miafarakain. 7. Akchékala’. 8. Khapúr. 9. Sinjár. The Kurdish are: 1. Síghmán. 2. Kúláb. 3. Mehrásí. 4. Aták. 5. Bertek. 6. Chapakchúr. 7. Chermek. 8. Terjíl. The independent governments: 1. Jezíreh. 2. Akíl. 3. Kenj. 4. Palwá. 5. Hezzú. These are extensive provinces, and their governors have the title of Janáb (excellency). The officers of the diván of Díárbeker are: the defterdár of the treasury with a rúz-námjí (journal-writer); a defterdár of the feudal forces, an inspector (Emín), and a lieutenant (Kehiyá) of the defter, and another for the Chávushes; a secretary (Kátib), a colonel, and a lieutenant-colonel of the militia.

_The Province of Kars._

Before the conquest this district belonged to Erzrúm, but it was afterwards made a separate province, and had the sanjak of Yásín joined to it. It has a colonel and lieutenant-colonel, but no officers of the defter. Its sanjaks are: 1. Little Erdehán. 2. Hújuján. 3. Zárshád. 4. Kechrán. 5. Kághizmán. 6. Kars, the seat of the Páshá.

_The Province of Jíldir or Akhíchkeh._

Of the civil officers of the diván there is here only a defterdár of the treasury; and of the military, there is a colonel and a lieutenant-colonel of the feudal militia. The sanjaks are: 1. Oultí. 2. Harbús. 3. Ardinj. 4. Hajrek. 5. Great Ardehán. 6. Postkhú. 7. Mahjíl. 8. Ijareh-penbek. Besides these there are four hereditary sanjaks: 1. Púrtekrek. 2. Lawaneh. 3. Nusuf Awán. 4. Shúshád. During the reign of Sultán Mohammed Khán, the castle of Kotátis was captured by Kara Mortezá, and was added to this province.

_The Province of Gúrjistán or Georgia._

The sanjaks are: 1. Achikbásh. 2. Shúshád. 3. Dádián. 4. Gúríl. The Begs of Megrelistán (Mingrelia) are all infidels; but Murád IV. reduced them, and having placed Sefer Pasha as their governor, made the castle of Akhickha the seat of government. To this day they send the annual presents.

_The Province of Tarabafzún (Trebisonde)._

1. Gomish-kháneh. 2. Jankha. 3. Wíza. 4. Gúnia. 5. Batúm. Though this province is small it has a defterdár of the Tímárs, a Kehiyá of the defter, an Aláï-beg, and a Cherí-báshí.

_The Province of Rika._

The sanjaks of Rika and Rohá are: 1. Jemása. 2. Khárpud. 3. Deïr-rahba. 4. Bení Rebia. 5. Sarúj. 6. Kharán. 7. Rika. 8. Rohá or Urfa, which is the seat of the Páshá; it has no officers.

_The Province of Baghdád._

Seven of the eighteen sanjaks of this province are divided, as in other parts of the empire, into ziámets and timárs. They are: 1. Hilla. 2. Zeng-ábád. 3. Javazar. 4. Rúmáhía. 5. Jangula. 6. Kara-tágh. 7.——. The other eleven sanjaks which are called Irák, have neither ziámets nor tímárs. They are: 1. Terteng. 2. Samwat. 3. Bíát. 4. Derneh. 5. Deh-balád. 6. Evset. 7. Kerneh-deh. 8. Demir-kapú. 9. Karanieh. 10. Kilán. 11. Alsáh. These have no ziámets or tímárs, and are entirely in the power of their possessors.

_The Province of Basra._

This was formerly a hereditary government (mulkiat), but was reduced to an ordinary province (eyálet) when conquered by Sultán Mohammed IV. It has a defterdár and Kehiyá of the Chávushes, but neither Aláï-beg nor Cherí-báshí, because there are no ziámets or tímárs; the lands being all rented by the governor.

_The Province of Lahsa._

This being a hereditary government, has neither ziámets nor tímárs, but the governor sends a monthly present to the governor of Baghdád. Formerly its governors were installed as Begler-begs, but they now hold their authority without a patent.

_The Province of Yemen._

This too, since the time of Mohammed Khán IV., has been unlawfully occupied by the Imáms.

_The Province of Abyssinia._

This province is also without ziámets or tímárs. Once in three years an officer is sent from the Sublime Porte, to claim it as a government province (Mulk). There are no private leases (iltizám).

_The Province of Mecca._

Mecca is divided between the Sheríf and the Páshá of Jidda. There are no revenues but those derived from the aqueducts.

_The Province of Egypt._

Here there are neither ziámets nor tímárs. Its villages are registered either as belonging to the crown (Mír Mál), or to pious foundations (Wakf), or to the Káshif, or as rented by the inhabitants of towns (Iltizám-beledí). There is a defterdár of the treasury, a journal keeper (Rúznámehjí), seven clerks of the leases (Mokata’jí), a comptroller (Mokábelejí) on the part of the Páshá, forty Begs and seven commanders of the seven military bodies. The sanjaks held by Begs are the following: 1. Upper Egypt. 2. Jirja. 3. Ibrim. 4. Alwáhát. (the Oasis). 5. Manfelút. 6. Sharakieh (the eastern part of the Delta). 7. Gharabieh (the western part). 8. Manúfieh. 9. Mansúrieh. 10. Kalúbieh. 11. Bakhair. 12. Damiat (Damietta). These are all governed by Begs. The first in rank of the Begs of Egypt is the Emír-ul-haj, or chief of the caravan to Mecca, who by the Arabs is called Sultán-al-barr, or lord of the continent. His Kehiyá or deputy has the privilege of wearing an aigrette.

As I have not travelled through the kingdoms of Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli, I do not give any account of them, but it is well known that they are extensive territories.

_The Province of Mosul._

This has no officers of the Diván, but a colonel and a lieutenant-colonel. Its sanjaks are: 1. Bájwánlí. 2. Tekrit. 3. Eskí Mosul (Nineveh). 4. Harú.

_The Province of Wán._

The officers are, the defterdár of the treasury and of the tímárs, the inspector and deputy of the rolls and Chávushes, a clerk of the Chávushes, a colonel and lieutenant-colonel. Its sanjaks are: 1. Adaljewáz. 2. Arjish. 3. Músh. 4. Bárgerí. 5. Kárkár. 6. Kesání. 7. Zíríkí. 8. Asa’bard. 9. Aghákís. 10. Akrád. 11. Bení-kutúr. 12. Kala’ Báyazíd. 13. Burdú’. 15. Khalát. In the governments of Tiflis, Hakkárí, Majmúdí, and Peniánish, there are ziámets and tímárs; the tribute received from them is appropriated to the pay of the garrison of Wán. All other fees and duties are received by the Kháns who hold these governments in hereditary possession.

_The Province of Erzerúm._

This has twelve sanjaks; its officers are, a defterdár of the treasury, an inspector and deputy of the rolls and Chávushes, and a clerk of the Chávushes. The sanjaks are: 1. Kara-hisár. 2. Keïfí. 3. Pásín. 4. Ispír. 5. Khanís. 6. Malázgír. 7. Tekmán. 8. Kuzúján. 9. Túrtúm. 10. Lejengerd. 11. Mámar. 12. Erzerúm, the seat of the Páshá.

_The Province of Sheherzúl._

This province has the full number of diván officers. Its sanjaks are: 1. Sarújek. 2. Erbíl. 3. Kesnán. 4. Sheher-bázár. 5. Jengúleh. 6. Jebel-hamrin. 7. Hazár-mardúd. 8. Alhúrán. 9. Merkáreh. 10. Hazír. 11. Rúdín. 12. Tíltárí. 13. Sebeh. 14. Zenjír. 15. Ajúb. 16. Abrúmán. 17. Pák. 18. Pertelí. 19. Bílkás. 20. Aúshní. 21. Kala’ Ghází. 22. Sheherzúl, which is the seat of the Páshá. There are some tribes in this province who are not governed by begs invested with a drum and banner; more than one hundred chiefs of such tribes, who hold their lands as ziámets, but by a hereditary right, accompany the Páshá, when required, to the field of battle.