Chapter XXVII: Section VIII: Number of Ziámets and Timárs in Anatolia

There are 7,313 swords, of which 195 are ziámets and the other tímárs; they provide 9,700 jebellí or armed men, and others, amounting in all to 17,000 men. Their annual revenue amounts to 37,317,730 aspres. The ziámets and tímárs are as follows: Kútáhieh 79 ziámets, 939 tímárs; Sarúkhán 41 ziámets, 674 tímárs; Aídín 19 ziámets, 572 tímárs; Karahisár, 15 ziámets, 616 tímárs; Angora 10 ziámets, 257 tímárs; Brúsa 30 ziámets, 1,005 tímárs; Bolí 14 ziámets, 551 tímárs; Kostamúní 24 ziámets, 587 tímárs; Munteshá 52 ziámets, 381 tímárs; Tekkeh 7 ziámets, 392 tímárs; Hamíd 9 ziámets, 585 tímárs; Karasí 7 ziámets 381 tímárs; Sultán-ogí 7 ziámets, 182 tímárs. In Anatolia there are also Musselmans (freemen) and Píádeh or Yáyá (pioneers), who to the number of 900 men go to war; these with the Yamáks amount to 26,500 men; their duties are to drag the guns, clear the roads, and carry provisions. They have lands (chiftlik) like the Yúrúks of Rúmeïlí, which are registered as tímárs. This was the establishment in the reign of Sultán Soleïmán, but at present they are all enrolled as rayás, and the possessors of these tímárs are obliged to accompany the Kapúdán Páshá when he goes to sea. Formerly there were in this province 1,280 volunteering Arabs, who, for every ten men providing one armed-man, sent 128 men into the field. They are now disbanded.

_The Province of the Kapúdán Páshá, or the islands of the Archipelago._

This formerly provided 1,618 swords; but Ja’fer Páshá, who was formerly Bóstánjí Báshí, during the reign of Murád IV. increased their number to 9,900: of these 106 were ziámets and the rest were tímárs; adding to them the jebellís the entire number was 12,067 men. The Arabs, the volunteers of the Arsenal, and the men of sixty galleys, also formed a body of 10,000 men. The annual revenue of their ziámets and tímárs amounted to 1,800,000 aspres. The following are the ziámets and tímárs: Negropont 12 ziámets, 188 tímárs; Einabakht (Lepanto) 13 ziámets, 287 tímárs; Mytylini 83 tímárs; Kojaeïlí 25 ziámets, 187 tímárs; Sighla 32 ziámets, 225 tímárs; Kárlieïlí 11 ziámets, 19 tímárs; Gallipolí 14 ziámets, 132 tímárs; Ródós (Rhodes) 5 ziámets, 785 tímárs; Bíghá 6 ziámets, 136 tímárs; Misistra 10 ziámets, 91 tímárs.

_The Province of Karamán._

This province supplies 1,620 men, 110 of which are ziámets, the rest tímárs; with the jebellís they amount to 4,600 men. Their annual revenue is 1,500,000 aspres. Konia has 13 ziámets, 515 sanjaks; Kaisaria (Cæsarea) 12 ziámets, 200 tímárs; Níkdeh 13 ziámets, 255 tímárs; Begshehrí 12 ziámets, 244 tímárs; Akshehrí 9 ziámets, 22 tímárs; Kirkshehrí 4 ziámets, 13 tímárs; Akseráï 12 ziámets, 228 tímárs.

_The Province of Rúm or Sivás._

This has 3,130 swords or men, of which 109 are ziámets, the rest tímárs. The begs, záims, and tímariots with their jebellís amount to 9,000 men. Their annual revenue amounts to 3,087,327 aspres. Sivás has 48 ziámets, 928 tímárs.

_The Province of Mara’ish._

2,169 swords, of which 29 are ziámets, and the rest tímárs. The begs, záims, tímariots, and jebellís amount to 55,000 men. Their annual revenue amounts to 9,423,017 aspres. Mara’ish has 3 ziámets, 1,120 tímárs; Kars 2 ziámets, 656 tímárs; Eintáb 2 ziámets, 656 tímárs; Malatea 8 ziámets, 276 tímárs.

_The Province of Haleb (Aleppo)._

933 swords, of which 104 are ziámets, the rest tímárs; the whole number of troops with the jebellís is 2,500 men. Haleb 18 ziámets, 1,295 tímárs; Adna 11 ziámets, 190 tímárs; Kilís 17 ziámets, 295 tímárs; Ma’kra 9 ziámets, 890 tímárs; Azíz 2 ziámets, 190 tímárs; Balís 6 ziámets, 57 tímárs.

_The Province of Shám (Damascus)._

996 swords, of which 28 are ziámets and the rest tímárs; it has with the jebellís 1,600 men. Kuds-Sheríf (Jerusalem) 9 ziámets, 16 tímárs; Aajelún 4 ziámets, 21 tímárs; Lajún 9 ziámets, 26 tímárs; Safed 5 ziámets, 133 tímárs; Gaza 7 ziámets, 108 tímárs; Náblús 7 ziámets, 124 tímárs.

_The Province of Cyprus._

1,667 swords, of which 40 are ziámets, and the rest tímárs. The begs, záims, tímariots and jebellís amount to 4,500 men. Cyprus 9 ziámets, 38 tímárs; Aláíeh 9 ziámets, 152 tímárs; Tarsús 13 ziámets, 418 tímárs; Sís 2 ziámets, 52 tímárs; Ich-eïlí 16 ziámets, 602 tímárs.

_The Province of Tripoli (in Syria)._

614 swords, with the jebellís, 1,400 men. Tripoli 12 ziámets, 875 tímárs; Homs 9 ziámets, 91 tímárs; Jebellieh 9 ziámets, 91 tímárs; Salamieh 54 ziámets, 52 tímárs; Hama 27 ziámets, 171 tímárs.

_The Province of Rakka._

654 swords, with their jebellís, 1,400 men. Rakka 3 ziámets, 132 tímárs; Roha 9 ziámets, 291 tímárs; Birehjík 15 ziámets, 109 tímárs; A’na 6 ziámets, 129 tímárs.

_The Province of Trebizonde._

454 swords, with their jebellís, 8,150 men. Trebizonde 43 ziámets, 226 tímárs; Batúm 5 ziámets, 72 tímárs.

_The Province of Díárbekr._

730 swords, with their jebellís, 1,800 men. In the reign of Sultán Murád IV. this province provided 9,000 men. Amed has 9 ziámets, 1,129 tímárs; Kharpút 7 ziámets, 123 tímárs; Argháneh 9 ziámets, 123 tímárs; Sívrek 4 ziámets, 123 tímárs; Nesíben, 15 ziámets and tímárs; Berehjík 4 ziámets, 123 tímárs; Chermik 6 ziámets, 13 tímárs; Husnkeïf 45 ziámets and tímárs; Chabákchúr 5 ziámets, 30 tímárs; Jemeshgezek 2 ziámets, 7 tímárs; Sinjár 6 ziámets, 21 tímárs.

_The Province of Erzerúm._

5,279 swords, with the jebellís 8,000 men. Erzerúm 5 ziámets, 2,215 tímárs; Túrtúm 5 ziámets, 49 tímárs; Bámerwán 4 ziámets, 92 tímárs; Keïfí 8 ziámets, 229 tímárs; Malázgír 9 ziámets, 281 tímárs; Khanís 2 ziámets, 425 tímárs; Tekmán 1 ziámet, 253 tímárs; Kara-hisár 4 ziámets, 94 tímárs.

_The Province of Childer._

650 swords, with the jebellís, 8,000 men. Oultí 3 ziámets, 132 tímárs; Erdehán 8 ziámets, 45 tímárs; Ezerbúj 4 ziámets, 49 tímárs; Hajrek 2 ziámets, 12 tímárs; Kharnús 13 ziámets, 35 tímárs; Pústú 1 ziámet, 18 tímárs; Benek 8 ziámets, 54 tímárs; Básín 9 ziámets, 14 tímárs; Alúrí 9 ziámets, 10 tímárs; Oustjeh 8 ziámets, 17 tímárs; Cháklik 33 tímárs; Jetla 13 ziámets, 14 tímárs; Ispír 1 ziámet, 4 tímárs; Petek 3 ziámets, 98 tímárs.

_The Province of Wán._

Regulars and jebellís 1,300 men. Wán has 48 ziámets, 45 tímárs; Shevergír 47 ziámets, 33 tímárs; Júbánlú 2 ziámets, 26 tímárs; Wedáleh 7 ziámets, 21 tímárs; Kala’ Báyazíd 4 ziámets, 125 tímárs; Arjísh 14 ziámets, 86 tímárs; Aduljeváz 9 ziámets, 101 tímárs; Kúrládek 7 ziámets, 67 tímárs.

In the reign of Sultán Soleïmán the feudal force of Rúmeïlí amounted to 91,600 men. On so firm a foundation had he established the Ottoman empire, that when he made war in Europe he required not the troops of Asia; and when he took the field in Asia, he had no occasion for the forces of Europe. His victorious wars in Germany and Persia, were carried on solely with his regular troops. His whole army having been numbered amounted to 500,000 men. Of these there were 40,000 janissaries and 20,000 cavalry or sipáhís, who with their servants amounted to 40,000 men. After the conquest of Yánova, Mohammed IV. increased the army by 3,000 men, and after the conquest of Uivár by 8,000 men. Keríd (Candia) also, having been conquered and divided into ziámets and timárs, gave 100,000 rayás and 20,000 troops.

In the year 1060 (A.D. 1649) during the reign of Sultán Mohammed IV. my noble lord Melek Ahmed Páshá being grand vezír, a royal firmán was issued to review the whole of the Ottoman army. Every soul receiving pay in the seven climates was registered, and the result was 566,000 serving men, the annual pay of whom amounted to 43,700 purses, and with the pay of the troops in Egypt to 90,040 purses (45,020,000 piastres): thus the army far exceeded that of Soleïmán’s time.