Chapter XXXI: Appendix: III (2)

Boccaccio, Giovanni, his services to the Renaissance, i. 11, iv. 142;
learnt Greek late in life, 20, ii. 91, iv. 120 _note_ 2;
cited for the attachment of the Italians to their past history, ii. 30;
influenced by Petrarch, 87, 89, iv. 102;
story of his visit to the tomb of Virgil at Naples, ii. 88, iv. 101;
his enthusiasm for Dante, ii. 89;
the first Greek scholar in Europe, 91;
translates Homer, 93;
his industry as a scholar, 94, iv. 101;
sensuousness of his ideal, ii. 97, iv. 100 _note_, 106, 114, 118,
v. 504, 515;
his visit to Monte Cassino, ii. 133;
his relation to Robert of Anjou, 252, iv. 120 _note_ 1;
his influence on Italian literature, iv. 3, 123, v. 518;
not of pure Italian blood, iv. 98;
the typical Italian of the middle class, 99, 104, 113, 114, 164;
his realism, 99, v. 515;
his nickname of Giovanni della Tranquillita, iv. 100 _note_ 1;
contemporary denunciations of the Decameron, 100;
shallowness of Boccaccio's philosophy, 101, 103;
his frank recognition of genius, 102;
comparison of his character with that of Ariosto, 506;
his devotion to art, 103;
his genius representative of the Renaissance, 110, v. 2;
his descriptions have the nature of painting, iv. 116;
shared the contempt of the learned for the lower classes, 125, 239;
comparison of his prose with that of the other _trecentisti_, 132-135;
influence of his style not paramount till the age of the Academies,
135;
considered by some Italian critics to have established a false
standard of taste, 136;
the life of Dante, ii. 36;
its want of real appreciation for Dante, iv. 101;
the Commentary upon Dante, ii. 89, 96, iv. 163;
the _Genealogia Deorum_, ii. 94;
quoted for Boccaccio's teaching on poetry, 94;
the Decameron: contrasted with the _Divina Commedia_, iv. 104, 127
(cp. 114, 122);
description of the plague, forming the background of the Decameron,
111;
the satire of the Decameron, 112;
its irony, 113;
its beauty, 114;
its superiority to his other works, 127;
its testimony to the corruption of Rome, i. 457;
said by Sacchetti to have been translated into English, iv. 148
_note_ 4;
comparison between Boccaccio, Masuccio, and Sacchetti, 179;
his Minor Poems, 118;
show the feeling of despair common to the last _trecentisti_, 165;
the two sonnets on Dante, 162;
the _Ballata, Il fior che 'l valor perde_, 262;
the _Amorosa Visione_, 114, 119, 123;
the _Ameto_, 123;
the _Fiammetta_, 123;
the first attempt in modern literature to portray subjective
emotion outside the writer, 123;
the _Corbaccio_, 124;
occasion of its being written, 124 (cp. 98);
the _Filicopo_, quoted, 115;
its euphuism, 120;
the song of the angel, 118;
the meeting with Fiammetta quoted as a specimen of Boccaccio's
style, 133;
the _Filostrato_, Boccaccio's finest narrative in verse, 121;
the _Teseide_, 117, 429;
numerous imitations and adaptations of it by other poets, 117;
its value in fixing the form of the _ottava rima_, 118;
the _Ninfale Fiesolano_, 125, 410;
its place in Italian literature, 126

Boccati, Giovanni, picture of his at Perugia, representing
_Disciplinati_ in presence of the Virgin, iv. 203 _note_ 1

Boethius, cult of him at Pavia, i. 20, ii. 30

Boiardo, Matteo Maria, the facts of his life, iv. 457;
contrast between him and Pulci, 456, v. 8;
contrast of Boiardo and Ariosto, iv. 463, v. 8;
neglect of Boiardo, iv. 459, 464, 491;
the _Sonetti e Canzoni_, 458;
the _Orlando Innamorato_: gave Ariosto his theme (cp. i. 171);
its originality in introducing the element of love into the Roland
Legends, iv. 461;
earnestness of the poem, 462;
its relation to the period of its composition, 462;
broken off by the invasion of Charles VIII. 463, v. 282 _note_ 3;
structure of the _Innamorato_, 464-466;
the presentation of personages, 466-470, 478;
the women of the _Innamorato_, 470-472;
translation of the episode of Fiordelisa and the sleeping Rinaldo, 471;
Boiardo's conception of love, 472;
of friendship and comradeship, 472-474 (translation of Orlando's
lament for Rinaldo, 473);
of courage and courtesy as forming the ideal of chivalry, 474-477;
the panegyric of friendship translated, 474;
translation of the conversation of Orlando and Agricane, 475;
freshness of Boiardo's art, 478, 484;
passage on chivalrous indifference to wealth translated, 477;
rapidity of the narration, 479;
roughness of the versification and style, 480;
advance of Ariosto upon Boiardo in this respect, v. 43;
his treatment of the antique, iv. 480-488;
translation of the episode of Rinaldo at Merlin's Fount, 482-484;
of that of Narcissus, 485-487;
Boiardo's use of magic, 488;
of allegory, 489;
his freedom from superstition, 489;
the _Timone_, v. 108

Bologna, annexed to the Milanese, i. 136, 148;
the riot of 1321, 210 _note_ 2;
revival in 1457, 617;
joins the Lombard League, ii. 116;
character of Bologna, as partly determined by local position, iv. 46

---- S. Dominic: the shrine, designed by Niccola Pisano, 109;
Michelangelo's work on it, 131, 389;
S. Petronio, iii. 68 _note_ 1

---- University, the, its rise, i. 62, ii. 115;
its attempted suppression by Frederick II., 116;
number of its students, 116, 119;
attendance of foreigners there, 119;
liberality of the town government to the University, 120;
its reputation in the Middle Ages, iv. 7;
pay of professors there, ii. 122, v. 460;
long continuance of scholasticism at Bologna, v. 457, 481;
different character of Bologna and Padua, 460, 497;
part played by Bologna in the history of Italian thought, 481

---- Bolognese school of Painters, the, their partiality to brutal
motives, iii. 25, 187

---- Bolognese school of poetry, iv. 46-49

Bologna, Gian, his eminence as neo-pagan sculptor, iii. 176

Bombasi Paolo, murdered during the sack of Rome, ii. 444

Bona of Savoy, married to Galeazzo Maria Sforza, i. 164, 543

Bonaccorso da Montemagno, poems of, iv. 165

Bonaventura, S., cited for early representations of the Nativity at
Christmas, iv. 308

Bondini, Alessandro, a member of the Aldine Academy, ii. 386

Bonfadio, Latin verse writer, ii. 507

Boniface VIII., calls in Charles of Valoise, i. 76;
his death, 77, 374;
his witticism on the Florentines, 247, iv. 31;
establishes the high school at Rome, ii. 117;
saying of Jacopone da Todi's about him, iv. 289

Boniface IX., appoints Poggio Apostolic Secretary, ii. 218

Bonifacia, Carmosina, her relations to Sannazzaro, v. 199;
description of her in the _Arcadia_, 207-209

Bonifazio Veneziano, iii. 242 _note_ 2, 368, 371

Bonvesin da Riva, his works written for popular use in a North Italian
dialect, iv. 34

Book, the Golden, at Venice, i. 91, 195

Books, scarcity of, an impediment to medieval culture, ii. 127;
their enormous value, 128;
price of the books issued by Aldo Manuzio, 381

Bordone, Paris, iii. 371

Borghese, Nicola, assassination of, i. 121

Borgia, Alfonso (_see_ Calixtus III.):--Cesare, i. 98;
his visit to the French Court, 117;
his murder of Giulio Varani, 121, 122;
besieges Bologna, 124;
Guicciardini's character of him, 308;
Machiavelli's admiration of him, 324-326, 345-354;
the story of his life, 345-354;
his contest with the Orsini, 349-352;
his massacre of the Orsini faction at Sinigaglia, 324, 347, 352,
iv. 443;
his systematic murders of the heirs of ruling families, i. 353, 427;
made Cardinal, 419;
helps in the murder of Prince Alfonso, 420;
his murder of his brother, the Duke of Gandia, 424;
his murder of Perotto, 426;
his cruelty, 426;
his sickness--was it occasioned by poison? 429-431;
breakdown of his plans, 431;
taken as a hostage by Charles VIII., 566;
escapes, 577;
prided himself on his strength, ii. 29;
John, son of Alexander VI., i. 419;
Lucrezia, her marriage, 419;
the festivities on the occasion, v. 141;
her life at Ferrara, i. 420-424, ii. 42;
her real character, i. 420;
her friendship with Bembo, i. 422, ii. 403, 411, v. 263;
relics of her in the Ambrosian Library, ii. 411;
much of the common legend about her due to Sannazzaro's Epigrams, 469;
Roderigo Lenzuoli (_see_ Alexander VI.)

Borgo San Sepolcro, Piero della Francesca's _Resurrection_, iii. 234;
Signorelli's _Crucifixion_, 280 _note_ 1

Boscoli, Paolo, his conspiracy against the Medici, i. 314;
his confession, 466 (cp. v. 519)

Boson da Gubbio, his commentary upon the Divine Comedy, iv. 163

Botticelli, Sandro, modern hero-worship of him, iii. 249;
his attractiveness, arising from the intermixture of ancient and
modern sentiment in his work, 250, 291;
the qualities of various paintings of his, 251-254;
represents the same stage of culture in painting as Poliziano and
Boiardo in literature, 255;
abandons his art from religious motives, 264, 310;
influenced by Dante, 283 _note_ 2;
incurs a charge of heterodoxy by a _Madonna in Glory_ painted for
Palmieri, iv. 171, v. 549

Bourbon, the Constable, killed at the capture of Rome, i. 444, iii. 455

Bracceschi, the (Condottieri bands formed by Braccio da Montone), i.
160, 362

Braccio da Montone, i. 86, 362;
his aspirations to the throne of Italy, 113 _note_ 1;
aids Corrado Trinci against Pietro Rasiglia, 122;
his government of Perugia, 123, v. 498;
the comrade and opponent of Sforza, 159, 160

Bramante, ii. 5;
his work as an architect, ii. 440, iii. 81, v. 505;
his share in S. Peter's, iii. 90, 398;
Michelangelo's panegyric of his plan, 92, 428;
said to have suggested the employment of Michelangelo on the
Sistine Chapel, 403

Brancaleone, Roman senator (1258), ii. 151

Brantome, describes Cesare Borgia's visit to the French Court, i. 117
_note_ 1

Bregni, the, at Venice, iii. 162

Brescia, Savonarola at, i. 508;
Sack of, 508, ii. 380, iii. 328

Brevio, Monsignor Giovanni, his _Novelle_, v. 60;
the story of the Devil and his wife, compared with Machiavelli's
and Straparola's versions, 103

Briconnet, Bishop of St. Malo, made Cardinal by Alexander VI., i. 532
_note_ 1, 566;
his influence with Charles VIII., 541

Britti (called _Il Cieco_), his _Incatenatura_, iv. 268 _note_ 3

Broccardo, Antonio, introduced in Sperone's Dialogues, v. 256 _note_ 1;
his quarrel with Bembo, 256 _note_ 1, 377;
his death said to have been hastened by the calumnies of Aretino,
377 _note_ 2, 381 _note_ 1

_Broncone, Il_, name of a club at Florence formed by Lorenzo, Duke
of Urbino, iv. 397

Bronzino, Angelo, his portraits, iii. 498 (cp. v. 82);
coldness of his frescoes and allegories, iii. 498;
character of his talent, iv. 380;
mentioned by Doni as scene-painter at a representation of comedy
in Florence, v. 144 _note_ 4;
his _Serenata_, iv. 268;
his _Capitoli_, v. 364 (cp. iii. 499)

Brugiantino, V., turned the Decameron into octave stanzas, iv. 249
_note_ 1

Brunelleschi, Filippo, individuality of his character, ii. 5;
his many-sided genius, 10;
a friend of Niccolo de' Niccoli's, 180;
his work as an architect, 440, v. 505;
builds the dome of the Cathedral of Florence, iii. 67, 73 (cp. i. 562);
his visit to Rome, 68;
his churches of S. Lorenzo and S. Spirito at Florence, 73 (cp. 263);
designs the Pitti Palace, 73;
his plans for the Casa Medici rejected, 76;
his designs in competition for the Baptistery Gates at Florence, 127;
resigns in favour of Ghiberti, 128;
faults of his model, 128;
his study of perspective, 225;
his criticism of Donatello's _Christ_, 233;
jest played by him on the cabinet-maker as related in the novel of
_Il Grasso_, iv. 150 (cp. 253);
his _ingegni_ for the Florentine festivals, 319

Bruni, Lionardo, his History of Florence, i. 274, ii. 182;
its style and value, i. 274;
account of him by Vespasiano, 275;
cited to show the unreasoning admiration of antiquity by the
Italian scholars, ii. 31;
a scholar of Giovanni da Ravenna, 100;
patronised by Salutato, 106, 183;
learns Greek from Chrysoloras, 110-112, 183;
his letter to Poggio upon receiving a copy of Quintilian, 137;
discovers a MS. of Cicero's Letters, 140;
his testimony to Niccolo de' Niccoli's judgment of style, 179;
story of his rise to fame, 182;
his translations from the Classics and other works, 184;
his Italian Lives of Petrarch and Dante, 185, iv. 235;
receives the honour of a public funeral, ii. 185;
made Apostolic Secretary, 218;
his quarrel with Niccoli, 243;
his Latin play, _Polissena_, v. 110

Bruno, Giordano, ii. 394, v. 449;
his execution, v. 478;
his place in the history of thought, 484, 500, 518

Brusati Family, the, at Brescia, i. 145

Budaeus, ii. 391

Buonacolsi, Passerino, murdered by Luigi Gonzaga, i. 145 _note_ 1

Buonarroti, Lodovico (father of Michelangelo), iii. 385, 387

Buonarroti, Michelangelo, his boyhood, iii. 385;
studies under Ghirlandajo, 386, 404;
Michelangelo and Torrigiano, 386 _note_ 2, 445;
effect produced by Savonarola upon him, 491, 509, iii. 311, 344,
382, 388, 435;
one of the circle gathered round Lorenzo de' Medici, ii. 322, 323,
iii. 263, 387, 388, 435;
his political attitude to the Medici, iii. 392-394;
fortifies Samminiato in the Siege of Florence, 393 (cp. i. 318), 414;
invited to Rome by Julius II., 397;
suggests carving the headland of Sarzana into a statue, 401;
leaves Rome in disgust at Julius's treatment of him, 401;
reconciled to him at Bologna, 402 (cp. 397);
his relations to Aretino, 426, v. 408;
the last years of his life, 421, 429, 432 (cp. v. 519);
his purity, iii. 432;
his friendship with Vittoria Colonna, 429, 433, v. 294, 296;
his friendship with Tommaso Cavalieri, 429, 434;
his death, 435;
his greatness in maintaining the dignity of art amidst the general
decline of Italy, 171, 343, 384 (cp. v. 5);
the sublimity of his genius, v. 116;
his genius never immature, iii. 387;
its many-sidedness, ii. 10;
the controversy between his admirers and detractors, iii. 343 _note_
1, 419, 424 _note_ 1, 435, 494;
mistake of his successors in imitating his mannerisms and
extravagances, iii. 493;
number of his unfinished works, 420;
their want of finish not intentional, 420;
comparison between Michelangelo, Dante, and Machiavelli, i. 318,
iii. 395;
between Michelangelo and Beethoven, iii. 386, 410, 413, 418, 432;
between Michelangelo and Milton, 388;
his peculiarity as an architect, 86, 87;
the Sagrestia Nuova, S. Lorenzo, 86;
the Laurentian Library, 87, 393;
the dome of S. Peter's, 88, 398, 428;
his judgment of Bramante's design for S. Peter's, 92, 428;
his own plans, 92;
his four years' work on the facade of S. Lorenzo, 413;
his aim in architecture, v. 505;
his tombs of the Medici, i. 314, 319, iii. 354, 377 _note_ 2, 393,
415-419, 420;
his statues at Florence, ii. 440, iii. 391, 395 _note_ 2;
his work on the shrine of S. Dominic, Bologna, 131, 389;
his _Pieta_ in S. Peter's, 389;
his scheme for the Mausoleum of Julius II., 398-400;
Michelangelo not responsible for the decadence of Italian
sculpture, 173;
the (destroyed) statue of Julius II. at Bologna, 402 (cp. 397);
the frescoes of the Sistine Chapel, 344, 399, 407-410;
their bad condition, 426 _note_ 2;
the true story of Michelangelo's work on them, 404-407;
difference between his creations and those of a Greek, 410-412;
his treatment of the story of the creation of Eve, 118 _note_ 2,
130, 131;
the _Last Judgment_, 346, 422;
its merits and defects, 423-425;
contemporary disapproval on account of the nudity of the figures, 425;
Michelangelo's criticisms of Perugino and Francia, 268 _note_ 1,
386 _note_ 2;
his indebtedness to Signorelli, 279;
influenced by Dante, 283 _note_ 2;
his _Leda and the Swan_, illustrating his treatment of the antique,
291;
his account of Signorelli's bad treatment of him, 293 _note_ 1;
one of the four great painters by whom the Renaissance was fully
expressed, 312, 346;
his reproach of Lionardo da Vinci's dislike of finishing, 323, 386
_note_ 2;
contrast of his genius and life with those of the other great
painters, 342;
the cartoon for _The Battle of Pisa_, 395;
contrast between Michelangelo and Raphael, 412;
his genius not that of a painter, 412 _note_ 1;
his sonnet to Giovanni da Pistoja, quoted, 404 _note_ 1;
one of his sonnets to Vittoria Colonna, quoted, 409;
the madrigal on Florence, translated, 392;
lines placed by Michelangelo in the mouth of his _Night_,
translated, iii. 394;
the Elegy on his father's death, iv. 321 _note_ 1, v. 295;
the sonnet on the death of Mancina Faustina, iv. 226. (For the
Poems _see also_ Appendix ii. of vol. iii., and Appendix vi. of
vol. iv., and cp. v. 296.)

Buonarroti, Michelangelo (the younger), his _Tancia_ and _Fiera_, v. 226

Buondelmonte dei Buondelmonti, i. 74, 210 _note_ 2

Buondelmonti, Vaggia de', the wife of Poggio, ii. 245

_Buonuomini_, name of magistrates in some Italian cities, i. 135;
at Florence, 226

Burchard, value of his testimony, i. 388 _note_ 1;
his evidence that Alexander VI. died of fever, 428, 429;
on the confessions said to have been made by Savonarola during his
torture, 534 _note_ 1

Burchiello, Il, facts of his life, iv. 259;
character of his poems, 260;
Doni's edition of them, v. 92

Bureaucracy, invention of a system of bureaucracy by Gian Galeazzo,
i. 142

Burigozzo, his Chronicles of Milan, quoted, i. 253

Burlamacchi, his account of Lorenzo de' Medici's dying interview
with Savonarola, i. 523 _note_ 1

Byzantium, the Byzantine supremacy in Italy, i. 33, 43, 48, 50

Cabbala, the, ii. 334

Cacciaguida, his speech in the _Paradiso_ quoted, i. 73 _note_ 1

Cademosto, his _Novelle_, v. 60

Caffagiolo, the villa of Lorenzo de' Medici, ii. 322

Cajano, Lorenzo de' Medici's villa, ii. 322, 463

Calcagnini, Celio, teaches in the High School of Ferrara, ii. 427, 506;
his epigram on Raphael's death, 438;
his Latin poems, 497

Calendario, Filippo, influenced by Niccola Pisano, iii. 123;
his work at Venice, 123

Caliari, the, Venetian painters, iii. 371

Calixtus II., his sanction of the Chronicle of Turpin, iv. 432, 438

Calixtus III., i. 380;
his contempt for classical learning, ii. 357

Calliergi, Zacharias, a Greek printer at Venice, ii. 386;
works for Agostino Chigi at Rome, 405 _note_ 1

Callistus, Andronicus, the teacher of Poliziano, ii. 248, 346;
one of the first Greeks who visited France, 248

Calvi, Marco Fabio, translates Vitruvius for Raphael, ii. 436, iii.
94 _note_ 1;
his death, ii. 444;
his nobility of character, 523;
aids Raphael with notes on Greek Philosophy for the _School of
Athens_, iii. 335

Calvo, Francesco, the Milanese publisher of the fraudulent version
of Berni's _rifacimento_ of the _Orlando Innamorato_, v. 374;
Aretino's correspondence with him on the subject, 375, 378, 380

Camaldolese, Il. (_See_ Traversari.)

Cambray, League of, i. 214, 220, 289, 434, ii. 16, 379, 441

Camers, Julianus, his suicide during the Sack of Rome, ii. 444

Cammelli of Pistoja, v. 282 _note_ 3

Camonica, Val, the witches of, i. 402 _note_ 1, v. 316, 346 _notes_
1 and 2, 347;
Teutonic character assumed by witchcraft in this district, 347

Campaldino, battle of, iv. 51;
Dante present, 71

Campanella, Tommaso, ii. 394, v. 448, 449;
his imprisonment, v. 478;
his relations to Telesio, 483;
his importance in the history of thought, 483, 500, 518;
three sonnets of his translated, 481, 482, 483

Campano, Gian Antonio, his description of Demetrius Chalcondylas'
teaching, ii. 249

Campi, the, painters at Cremona, iii. 503.

Campione, Bonino and Matteo da, sculptors of the shrine of
S. Augustine in the Duomo, Pavia, iii. 123

Campo, Antonio, his _Historia di Cremona_ cited for a story of
Gabrino Tondulo, i. 463 _note_ 1

Can Grande. (_See_ Scala, Can Grande, della.)

Canale, Carlo, husband of Vanozza Catanei, i. 417;
Poliziano's _Orfeo_ dedicated to him, iv. 411

Cane, Facino, leader of Condottieri, i. 150, 151

Canetoli, story of the, i. 124

Canisio, Egidio, General of the Augustines, ii. 409;
made Cardinal and Legate at the Court of Spain, 416;
his knowledge of languages, 417

Canossa, Castle of, iv. 494;
the House of, i. 57;
claim of the Buonarroti family to descent from them, iii. 385

_Cantatori in Banca_, professional minstrels in medieval Italy, iv. 257

_Canti Carnascialeschi_, the, i. 476, 505;
collection of them by Il Lasca, iv. 388, v. 79;
utilized by Lorenzo de' Medici, iv. 388, v. 355;
the 'Triumph of Death' described by Vasari, iv. 393-395, v. 114;
the _Trionfo del Vaglio_, iv. 392 _note_ 1;
translated, 392 _note_ 1;
connection of the _Capitoli_ with the Carnival Songs, v. 355, 366

_Cantori di Piazza_, professional minstrels in medieval Italy, iv. 257

_Canzune_, a name of the _Rispetti_ in Sicily, iv. 264, 265

Capanna, Puccio, the scholar of Giotto, iii. 197

Capello, Paolo (Venetian ambassador), cited for the murders in Rome
under Alexander VI., i. 414;
for the murder of Perotto by Cesare Borgia, 426 _note_ 1

Capilupi, Lelio, a member of the Academy of the _Vignajuoli_ at Rome,
v. 357;
a writer of Latin verse, ii. 506

_Capitoli_, the, of Tuscan origin, v. 355;
their relation to the _Canti Carnascialeschi_, 355;
their antiquity, plebeian character, and obscenity, 477 _note_ 1,
ii. 521, v. 355, 365, 366;
Berni's new use of them, v. 356

Caporali, Cesare, his Satiric Poems, v. 381

Capponi, Agostino, conspiracy of, i. 314;
Gino, the chronicler of the Ciompo Rebellion, 265 _note_ 1, iv. 176;
Nicolo, Gonfaloniere at Florence, i. 222 _note_ 1, 232, 284, 289, 292,
536;
Piero, his resistance to the demands of Charles VIII., 563

Captain of the People, name of the supreme magistrate in some Italian
cities, i. 35, 71;
often became tyrant, 75, 77, 84, 112, 156;
at Florence, 224

Caracci, the, iii. 496

Caracciolo, his _De Varietate Fortunae_ cited, i. 520 _notes_ 2 and 3

Caravaggio, defeat of the Venetians at, i. 155

Cardan, Jerome, v. 82;
autobiography of, ii. 36

Cardona, captain of the Florentine forces, i. 157 _note_ 1

Carducci, Francesco, Gonfaloniere of Florence, his part in the Siege
of Florence, i. 284, 288, 289, 536

Careggi, the villa of Lorenzo de' Medici, ii. 322, 460, iv. 383, 415

Cariani, said to have painted pictures commonly assigned to Giorgione,
iii. 368 _note_ 1

Cariteo, of Naples, v. 282 _note_ 3

Carmagnuola, Francesco Bussoni, called Il, story of, i. 161, 362, v. 118

Carmina Burana, the, i. 9;
many of them of French origin, iv. 9;
their nature, 108;
some of them pastorals, 156;
undeveloped Maccaronic poems contained among them, 327

Carnesecchi, Pietro, his friendship with Vittoria Colonna, v. 292;
burned for heresy, 292, 478

Caro, Annibale, story of his life, v. 283;
his Letters, 283;
his translation of _Daphnis and Chloe_, 283;
his Academical exercises: the _Diceria de' Nasi_, ii. 367, 526, v. 284;
the _Ficheide_, v. 284, 365 _note_ 1;
his translation of the _AEneid_, 284;
his literary style, 284;
his Italian Poems, 284;
the quarrel with Castelvetro, 285;
the sonnets produced by the occasion, 381;
he or one of his friends said to have denounced Castelvetro to the
Inquisition, 286;
his correspondence with Aretino, 410 _note_ 1

Carpaccio, Vittore, iii. 362;
his pictures for the Scuola of S. Ursula at Venice, 363, v. 54

Carpi, connection of Aldo Manuzio with, ii. 302, 375

Carrara Family, the, at Padua, how they became tyrants, i. 112;
number of violent deaths among them in one century, 120;
driven from Padua by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, 145, 146;
return, 149

Carrara, Francesco da, i. 146, 149

Carroccio, the, i. 58

Casal Maggiore, destruction of the Venetian fleet at, i. 155

Casanova, dies of the plague during the Sack of Rome, ii. 444

Castagno, Andrea del, harsh realism of his work, iii. 232

Castellani, Castellano, writer of _Sacre Rappresentazioni_, iv. 320,
324, 338

Castelvetro, Lodovico, his quarrel with Annibale Caro, v. 285;
denounced by his enemies to the Inquisition, 286;
escapes, is condemned _in contumaciam_, and dies in exile, 286;
his chief work, a translation of the _Poetics_, 287

Castiglione, Baldassare, i. 181;
the _Il Cortigiano_, 183-189, 192, 457, ii. 37, 393, 411, 420, v.
14, 265, 518;
quoted for Castiglione's theory of Italian style, v. 257 _note_
1, 266-270;
on the physical exercises befitting a gentleman, ii. 29, 419;
its subject treated from an aesthetical rather than a moral point
of view, v. 430;
Raphael's portrait of him, ii. 28, 421, v. 522;
ambassador of Mantua and Ferrara at Rome, ii. 405, 420;
assists Raphael in his letter on the exploration of Rome, 419;
employed by Julius II. at Urbino, 419;
his mission to England, 420;
his life at Rome, 420;
sent by Clement VII. as Nuncio to Madrid, 421;
his poem on the statue of Ariadne, 431 _note_ 1, 432, 496;
his epigram on Raphael's death, 438;
his Latin verses--their interest, 490-493;
his flatteries of Julius II. and Leo X., 493;
his eclogue, the _Tirsi_, v. 222;
his Mantuan origin illustrating the loss of intellectual supremacy
by Florence, ii. 506;
his letter describing the representation of the _Calandra_ at
Urbino, v. 144 _note_ 1, 146

Castiglione, Francesco, i. 177

Castracane, Castruccio, tyrant of Lucca, i. 75 _note_ 1, 133;
his life by Machiavelli, 76 _note_ 1, 112, ii. 37;
introduced in the frescoes in the Campo Santo, Pisa, iii. 203

Castro, Duke of (son of Paul III.). (_See_ Farnese, Pier Luigi.)

Catanei, Vanozza, the mistress of Alexander VI., i. 417, iv. 411;
takes to religion in her old age, 424;
her interview with Alexander after the murder of the Duke of
Gandia, 425

Catapans, i. 35

_Catasto_, the, or schedule of properties, introduced by Frederick
II., i. 105

Catena, Vincenzo, Venetian painter, iii. 362

_Catenati_, the, an Academy at Macerata, ii. 366

Cathari, the, an heretical sect, i. 9, iv. 109

Catherine de' Medici. (_See_ Medici, Catherine de'.)

Catherine, S. (of Siena), beauty of style in her letters, iv. 173

Catini, Monte, battle of, i. 112

Cavalca, Domenico, his _Leggende dei Santi Padri_, iv. 131;
his Poems, 164

Cavalcabo Family, the slaughter of them by Tondulo, i. 120;
overthrown by the Visconti, 145;
reappear after the death of Gian Galeazzo, 150

Cavalcanti, Giovanni, his Florentine Histories, iv. 176

Cavalcanti, Guido, his metaphysical Odes, iv. 64;
his _Ballate_, 65

Cavalieri, Tommaso, his friendship with Michelangelo, iii. 429, 434

Cecchi, Gianmaria, his _Sacra Rappresentazione_, _The Elevation of
the Cross_, iv. 322 _note_ 1, 324, 357;
other plays of his written with a didactic purpose, v. 187 _note_ 2;
writes a commentary on a Sonnet of Berni's, 363;
his Comedies, 123, 141, 181, 186;
his veneration for Ariosto, 156 _note_ 1, 187;
his _Farse_, 188

Cellant, Countess of, Bandello's _Novella_ upon her tragedy, v. 54

Cellini, Benvenuto, i. 170 _note_ 1, 325;
quoted to illustrate the Italian idea of the sanctity of the Popes,
462, iii. 471;
his life typical of the age, 492, iii. 385, 439, 479, iv. 385 (cp.
v. 517);
his fits of religious enthusiasm--their sincerity, 492, ii. 18,
iii. 450, 468-471;
his autobiography, ii. 36;
may be compared to a novel, v. 120;
his criticisms on Bandinelli, iii. 173, 477;
his admiration of Michelangelo, 396, 445, 494;
invited by Torrigiano to accompany him to England, 444;
his account of Torrigiano, 445;
sets off to Rome, 446;
returns to Florence, but goes back to Rome in consequence of a
quarrel, 447;
his homicides and brutal behaviour, 447-449, 458;
returns to Rome, 451;
his description of life there, 452;
his exploits at the Siege of Rome, 455;
miracles and wonders related by him, 456;
domestic affection and lightheartedness, 456-458;
incantation witnessed by him in the Colosseum, 460-462, v. 82, 346
_notes_ 1 and 2;
his journey to France, iii. 463, v. 239;
visits of Francis I. to him, iii. 443 _note_ 1, 474 _note_ 1;
returns to Rome and is thrown into prison, 465;
endeavors to escape, 466;
given up by Cardinal Cornaro, 466;
attempt to murder him, 467;
released from prison and summoned to the Court of Francis I., 472;
his stay in France, 473-475;
parallelism of Cellini, Machiavelli, and Aretino, 479;
his _Capitolo del Carcere_ cited in illustration of the general use
of the _terza rima_ during the sixteenth century, iv. 172, v. 367
_note_ 2;
his statue of Perseus, iii. 176, 438, 455, 470, 478;
purely physical beauty of his statues, 455;
scarcity of his works in gold and jewels, 437, 479;
character of his work in metals, v. 229

Cenci, the, a _novella_ made of their trial, v. 54

Cendrata, Taddea, wife of Guarino da Verona, ii. 301

Cene dalla Chitarra, his satirical Poems on the Months in parody of
Folgore da Gemignano, iv. 54 _note_ 2, 56 _note_ 1

Cennini, Bernardo, the first Italian printer who cast his own type,
ii. 369

Censorship of the Press, established by Alexander VI., i. 411, 416,
ii. 359, 371

_Cento Novelle_, the, character given in them of the Court of
Frederick II., iv. 21;
illustrate the origin of Italian prose, 36

Cerchi, the, at Florence, i. 210 _note_ 2

Cesena, massacre of, i. 82

Cesi, Angelo, his sufferings in the Sack of Rome, ii. 444

Cette, the Bishop of, poisoned by Cesare Borgia, i. 428

Chalcondylas, Demetrius, teaches Greek at Perugia, ii. 249;
his edition of Isocrates, 376;
aids in the publication of the first edition of Homer, 376

Chancellors of Florence, list of illustrious, ii. 106 _note_ 3

Charles I., of Sicily (Charles of Anjou), summoned by the Popes into
Italy, i. 75 (cp. 539 _note_ 1);
visits Cimabue's studio, ii. 187;
his legislation for the University of Naples, 117

Charles IV., the Emperor, i. 100;
grants diplomas to the Universities of Florence, Siena, Arezzo,
Lucca, Pavia, ii. 118

Charles V., the Emperor, i. 50;
governed Italy in his dynastic interests, 98, 100;
his project of suppressing the Papal State, 445;
the final conqueror of Italy, 584;
Charles V. at Rome, iii. 438;
story that he hastened the Marquis of Pescara's death by poison,
v. 291;
his patronage of Aretino, 400, 404

Charles VIII., of France, invades Italy, i. 90, 113 _note_ 1, 164,
237, 434, 525, 539;
popular outbreak at his entry into Pisa, 343, 561;
his accession, 539;
his claims on Naples, 539, 542;
his character by Guicciardini and Comines, 540;
prepares for his expedition, 542;
amount of his forces, 554;
captures Sarzana, 559;
enters Florence, 561;
enters Rome, 564;
marches to Naples, 566, ii. 363;
forced by the League of Venice to retreat, i. 576, 579;
wins the battle of Fornovo, 580;
signs peace at Vercelli, 581;
effects of his conquest, 582-586

Charles, the Great, crowned emperor, i. 50, iv. 438;
his pact with Rome, 94;
his character in the romances of Roland, iv. 435, 445, 469

Charles of Durazzo, v. 198

Chiaravalle, the Certosa of, iii. 42, 66

Chiavelli, the, of Fabriano, i. 111;
massacre of them, 121, 168 _note_ 1, 397 _note_ 2

Chigi, Agostino, the Roman banker, couplet put up by him at the
entrance of Leo X., i. 435;
his banquets, 437;
his Greek Press, ii. 405;
his entertainments of the Roman Academy, 409;
builds the Villa Farnesina, iii. 84;
his patronage of Aretino, v. 386

Chivalry, alien to the Italian temper, i. 359, 482, iv. 6, 27, 44,
60, 73, v. 13;
the ideal of chivalrous love, iv. 59

Christ, said to have been proclaimed King of Florence by Savonarola,
i. 222, 526, iii. 214 _note_ 2, 308;
difficulty of representing Christ by sculpture, iii. 16-18

Christianity, influence of, in producing the modern temper of mind,
ii. 19;
contrast between Greek and Christian religious notions, iii. 12-21,
410-412;
ascetic nature of Christianity, 24 _note_ 1

Chronicon Venetum, cited for the cruelty of Ferdinand of Aragon, i.
572 _note_ 1;
for the good will of the common people to the French, 583 _note_ 2

Chrysoloras, John, teaches Filelfo Greek, ii. 268;
marries his daughter Theodora to Filelfo, 268

Chrysoloras, Manuel, summoned to Florence as Greek Professor, ii.
108-110;
obliged to leave by Niccolo's opposition, 182;
author of the _Erotemata_, 376

Church, assassination of Italian tyrants frequently undertaken in
churches, i. 168 _note_ 1, 397 _note_ 2

Church, the, compromises made by the Church with the world, iii. 26;
opposition of the medieval Church to poetry, ii. 60, iv. 81

Cibo, Franceschetto (son of Innocent VIII.), i. 114, 404;
marries the daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici, 545

Cibo, Giambattista. (_See_ Innocent VIII.)

Cicala, Milliardo (treasurer of Sixtus IV.), his quarrel with
Filelfo, ii. 286

Cicero, Petrarch's love of Cicero, ii. 73;
Loss of the 'De Gloria,' 73;
influence of Cicero in the Renaissance, 527

Ciceronianism, the, of the Humanists, ii. 108, 414, 528

Cima da Conegliano, iii. 362

Cimabue, Giovanni, story of his _Madonna_ which was carried in triumph
to S. Maria Novella, iii. 11, 187 _note_ 1;
character of the picture, 188;
story of his finding Giotto, as a child, drawing, 190, 191;
his frescoes at Assisi, 196

Cino da Pistoja, character of his poems, iv. 65;
his influence on Petrarch, 94

Cinthio (Giovanbattista Giraldi), his _Ecatommithi_, v. 60, 78;
cited for the story of the poisoning of Alexander VI., i. 429,
_note_ 1, v. 106;
their style, 103;
use made of them by the Elizabethan dramatists, 104;
their ethical tendency, 105;
plan of the work, 105;
description of the Sack of Rome forming the Introduction, 522;
his Tragedies, 131 _note_ 2;
the Dedication of the _Orbecche_ cited for Italian conceptions of
tragedy, 127 _note_ 1, 132 _note_ 1;
analysis of the _Orbecche_, 131

Ciompi Rebellion, the, at Florence, i. 221, 227, iv. 111, 150;
Gino Capponi's Chronicle of, i. 265 _note_ 1, iv. 176

Cione, Benci di, architect of the Loggia dei Lanzi at Florence, iii. 125

Cione, Bernardo di (brother of Andrea Orcagna), iii. 124

Ciriaco of Ancona, his zeal in collecting antiquities, ii. 155, 429,
iii. 236, 272;
suspected of forgery, ii. 156

Citizens, decline in the number of persons possessing the rights of
citizenship at the Renaissance, i. 546

Citizenship, Italian theories of, i. 195

Ciuffagni, Bernardo, his bas-reliefs in S. Francesco, Rimini, iii. 162

Ciullo d'Alcamo, his _Tenzone_--the character of its metre, iv. 24
_note_ 1, 25;
shows a genuinely popular feeling, 26, 42

Cividale, _Ludus Christi_ acted there in 1298 and 1303, iv. 15, 307

Civitale, Matteo, his work as a sculptor in Italian churches, iii. 78
_note_ 1;
purity and delicacy of his work, 152;
his monuments, &c., at Lucca, ii. 229, iii. 157

Clarence, Duke of, his marriage with Violante Visconti, i. 137

Classical writers, the, influence of, on the Italians, i. 197 _note_
1, 250 _note_ 1, 464;
on Columbus and Copernicus, ii. 19;
present tendency to restrict the use of the classics in education,
537-540

Clement II., i. 59

Clement V., founds the High School at Perugia, ii. 117

Clement VI., i. 135;
gives charters to the Universities of Pisa and Florence, ii. 118

Clement VII., commissions Machiavelli to write the _History of
Florence_, i. 327;
the conspiracy against him, 314, ii. 366, v. 239;
his patronage of scholars, ii. 404;
advances Giovio, Vida, and Giberti in the Church, 402-417;
sends Castiglione to Madrid, 421;
his election to the papacy, i. 443;
his conduct during the Sack of Rome, 444;
employs the troops which had sacked Rome against Florence, 283, 446;
puts Guicciardini in command of Florence after the siege, 298;
makes Guicciardini Lieutenant-General of the Papal army, 297;
his management of Florence in the Medicean interest, 222, 277, 285;
said by Pitti to have wished to give Florence a liberal government,
288 _note_ 1;
Macaulay's account of him erroneous, 320;
correctness of the character of him given by Berni's Sonnet, 443
_note_ 1, v. 368;
Aretino's attacks on him, v. 391, 392, 402 _note_ 1;
absolves Cellini for stealing gold given him to melt down, iii. 465

Cleomades (an old French romance), quoted to illustrate the gaiety of
medieval Florence, iv. 50

Cocaius, Merlinus. (_See_ Folengo.)

Coccio, Marco Antonio (Sabellicus), a member of the Roman Academy,
ii. 361;
of the Aldine Academy, 387;
his account of the representations of Plautus and Terence by the
Roman Academy, v. 138 _note_ 3

Coliseum Passion, the, question of the date of its first
representation, iv. 310;
suppressed by Paul III., 310 _note_ 1

Colle, paper factory of, ii. 371

Collenuccio, Pandolfo, his version of the _Amphitryon_, v. 140

Colleoni Family, the, at Bergamo, i. 150

Colleoni, Bartolommeo, i. 170 _note_ 1;
his statue at Venice, ii. 39, iii. 143;
description of him by Spino, iii. 144;
monument erected by him to his daughter Medea, 165;
his daughter Cassandra married to Nicolo da Correggio, v. 139 _note_ 3

Colocci, Angelo, secretary of Leo X., ii. 409;
his losses in the Sack of Rome, 444

Colonna, the house of:
contest of the Colonnesi with Cesare Borgia, i. 349;
their rise to power, 375;
destroyed by Alexander VI., 413;
friendly to the French, 551

---- Giovanni, the friend of Petrarch, ii. 149;
Fabrizio, the father of Vittoria Colonna, v. 289;
Sciarra, i. 77;
Stefano, disloyal to Florence, 284;
Vittoria, her married life, v. 289;
her virtues and genius, 292, 293;
the society gathered round her, 292;
her leaning to the Reformation, 292 _note_ 1;
Flaminio's Elegy on her death, ii. 503;
her friendship with Michelangelo, iii. 429, 433, v. 294, 296;
her correspondence with Aretino, v. 407, 408, 416;
the _Rime_, 294;
(1) the sonnets on the death of her husband;
genuineness of their feeling, 294;
(2) the sonnets on religious subjects, 295

Colonna, Egidio, his _De Regimine Principum_ translated into Italian,
iv. 35, 130

Colonna, Francesco, author of the _Hypnerotomachia_, iv. 219;
Maccaronic dialect (_lingua pedantesca_) of the work, 219, 238, v. 328;
its illustrations erroneously ascribed to Raphael, iv. 221 _note_ 1;
its historical value, 221, 225, 227, 229-232;
analysed, 222-225;
its basis of reality, 227-229;
its imaginativeness, 232

Columbus discovers America, i. 15, 29, 411;
question of his indebtedness for the discovery to classical
writers, ii. 19

Comet, a comet supposed by Gian Galeazzo to foreshow his death, i. 149

Comines, Philip de, his descriptions of Siena and Venice, i. 207
_note_ 2, 214 _note_ 1;
praises Venice for piety, 475 _note_ 1;
on the humanity of the Italian peasants, 478 _note_ 2;
his character of Charles VIII., 541;
quoted for the popular belief that Charles' invasion was guided by
Providence, 553 _note_ 1;
for the expense of the invasion, 553 _note_ 2;
for Charles' want of money, 563 _note_ 1;
on the avarice of Ferdinand of Aragon, 571 _note_ 2;
his character of Ferdinand and Alfonso II., 572;
his account of the communication of the news of the Venetian
League, 578;
his witness to the brutality and avarice of the French in the
invasion, 583 _note_ 2

_Commedia dell'Anima_ (old Italian religious drama), iv. 75

Commissaries, i. 35

Communes, the Italian, their rise, i. 33, 53-82;
the differences between them, 35, 36, iii. 43;
their quarrels, i. 36-38, 62, 66;
why the historian cannot confine his attention to the communes, 51;
their willingness to submit to the authority of the Emperor, 64, 97;
why they did not advance to federal unity, 95-98;
their public spirit, iii. 42;
the real life of the Italian nation, iv. 27, 459, v. 493

Como, traditional reverence for the Plinies there, ii. 30, iv. 12

---- the Cathedral, Luini's paintings, iii. 487 _note_ 3

Compagnacci, the young aristocratic opponents of Savonarola, so
called, i. 531, 533, iii. 307

Comparini, Paoli, representation of the _Manaechmi_ by his pupils, v. 138

Conceptualists, the, v. 466, 467

Condivi, his Biography of Michelangelo, ii. 36, iii. 399, 402 _note_
1, 406

Condottieri, the, i. 86, 87, 113, 131, 143;
their origin, 156-158;
members of noble Italian houses become Condottieri, 158, 160, iv. 459;
their mode of campaigning, 159, 160 _note_ 1;
the Condottieri system took its rise from the mercantile character
of the Italian states, 244;
Machiavelli traces the ruin of Italy to the Condottieri, 160 _note_
2, 312, 361, v. 436

_Confusi_, the, an Academy at Bologna, ii. 366

Conrad II., i. 58

_Conservatori_, name of magistrates in some Italian cities, i. 35

_Consiglio_ del Comune, in Italian cities, i. 35, 71;
di Dieci, 35;
della Parte, 71;
del Popolo, 35, 71;
de' Savi, 35;
di Tre, 35

Constance, Council of, ii. 134;
Jerome of Prague before the Council, 231, 535;
Peace of, 64, iv. 6;
not signed by Venice, 214

Constantinople, Fall of, i. 89, ii. 285, iv. 2

Constitution, the, of Genoa, i. 201;
of Florence, 201, 222 (see also Appendix ii.);
of Siena, 207;
of Venice, 214

Constitution-making, in the Italian Republics, i. 201

Consuls, magistrates of Italian Communes, i. 35, 56, 83;
their part in Italian history, 61, 62, 68

_Contado_, the, i. 66, 67;
original meaning of the word, 55 _note_ 1

Contarini, Cardinal,
his friendship with Flaminio, ii. 498, 502;
---- with Vittoria Colonna, v. 292;
his work upon the Commonwealth of Venice, ii. 502;
his Venetian origin, illustrating the loss of intellectual
supremacy of Florence, 506;
his Formulary of Faith, v. 286;
Marcantonio Flavio, takes part in the controversy raised by the
publication of Pomponazzi's _De Immortalitate Animae_, 460

Conte Lando, the, leader of Condottieri, i. 86

Conversation, the art of, invented by the Italians, ii. 34

Copernicus, discoveries of, i. 15, 29;
their importance, 15, 16;
question of his indebtedness to the classical writers, ii. 19

Coppola, Francesco, execution of, by Ferdinand of Aragon, i. 571 _note_ 3

Copyists, their inaccuracy, ii. 129;
their pay, 130;
their opposition to the new art of printing, 370

Cordegliaghi, Venetian painter, iii. 362

Corio, quoted, i. 135, 137 _note_ 1, 137 _note_ 2, 138 _note_ 1, 141
_note_ 2, 150 _note_ 1, 152 _note_ 1, 160 _note_ 1, 167 _note_ 1;
his witness to the corruption of the Milanese Court, 326, 548
_note_ 1, 554, v. 191;
his character of Paul II., 385 _note_ 1;
his description of the reception of Leonora of Aragon by Cardinal
Pietro Riario, 390;
cited for the death of the Cardinal, 392 _notes_ 1 and 2, 393;
for the history of Alfonso the Magnanimous, 568 _note_ 1;
his account of the Flagellants, 619;
his value as an historian, iv. 177

Cornaro, Cardinal, abandons Cellini to the Pope in exchange for a
bishopric, iii. 466;
Caterina, Queen of Cyprus, i. 233;
Lodovico, Autobiography of, ii. 36

Cornazano, Antonio, his _Proverbi_, v. 60, 101

Corneto, Cardinal, his connection with the death of Alexander VI.,
i. 429-431

Corniole, Giovanni della, his portrait of Savonarola, i. 509

Corrado, Gregorio, his Latin Play, _Progne_, v. 110

Correggi, the, at Parma, v. 139 _note_ 3;
how they rose to power, i. 112;
overthrown by the Visconti, 145;
reappear after the death of Gian Galleazzo, 150

---- Ghiberto da, (1) the pupil of Vittoria da Feltre, i. 177;
(2) the husband of Veronica Gambara, v. 289

Correggio, Antonio Allegri, sensuousness of his work, iii. 25, 495;
his introduction of Pagan motives into Christian art, 137;
founded no school of local artists, 184;
his _Danae_ and _Io_, illustrating his treatment of mythology, 291;
one of the four great painters by whom the Renaissance was fully
expressed, 312, 339;
manner in which his genius differed from that of Michelangelo,
Raphael, or Lionardo da Vinci, 339;
beauty and joyousness of his works, 340;
the imitations of his style in the period of _barocco_
architecture, 495

_Corrotto_, meaning of the term, iv. 294 _note_ 1, 309, 538

Corso, Rinaldo, his account of the society around Veronica Gambara,
v. 289

Cortese, Ersilia, v. 288

Cortesi, Paolo, his _Hyppolyti et Deyanirae Historia_, iv. 213

_Cortesia_, meaning of the word in Italian, v. 13

Cortona, Signorelli's _Last Supper_, iii. 289

Coryat, cited for the profligacy of Venice, i. 475

Corycius. (_See_ Goritz.)

Cosimo I. (_See_ Medici, Cosimo de', first Grand Duke.)

Council, the Grand, of Venice, i. 215-217

---- of Ten, the, at Venice, 215 _note_ 1;
its powers, 218;
comparison of, with the Spartan Ephorate, 234

Counts, the, opposed to the Communes, i. 55, 66, 67

Crasso, Leonardo, defrayed the cost of printing the
_Hypnerotomachia_, iv. 221

Credenza, name for the Privy Council in Italian cities, i. 35, 57, 71

Credi, Lorenzo di, the pupil of Verrocchio, iii. 142;
influence of Savonarola upon him, 310

Crema, the Duomo, i. 74, iii. 53

Cremona, Gabbriello da, a pupil of Vittorino da Feltre's, i. 177

Cremonini, Cesare, epitaph on himself said to have been composed by
him, v. 480;
said to be the author of the saying, _Foris ut moris, intus ut
libet_, 480

Cretans, number of Cretans who aided Aldo Manuzio, ii. 378, 386

Cristina of Lorraine, her marriage to Ferrando de' Medici, iv. 325

Criticism: criticism in the modern sense unknown to the ancients, i.
24, ii. 59 _note_ 1;
created by the Renaissance, ii. 67;
uncritical character of the first scholars, 296, 327, 337, 382

Crivelli, Crivello, iii. 362

Cronaca, Il, architect, iii. 76

Crusades, the, i. 7;
joined in by the Italians mainly from commercial motives, iv. 426
(cp. v. 505)

Culture, the culture of modern Europe due to the Italians of the
Renaissance, ii. 9, 408, 506, 524, v. 491, 505;
intricacy of the history of culture in Italy, ii. 158-140;
growth of, at the Roman Court, 406

D'Albornoz, Egidio, i. 81

Dalla Viuola, his musical compositions for the theatre, v. 143

Damasus II., i. 59

Damiano, Fra, da Bergamo, his tarsia work at Perugia, iii. 78 _note_ 2

Daniel da Volterra, employed to paint clothes on the nude figures in
Michelangelo's _Last Judgment_, iii. 426;
influenced by Michelangelo, 493

Dante, the facts of his life, iv. 70-73;
refused the poet's crown unless he could receive it in Florence,
86, 88;
his devotion to the Imperial idea, i. 76, 77 _note_ 1, iv. 161;
veneration of the Ghibelline poets for Dante, iv. 162;
his firmness in exile contrasted with Machiavelli's servility, i.
318, iii. 395 (cp. iv. 86);
his denunciations of the Papacy, i. 457;
his idea of nobility, 186 _note_ 1;
Dante and Petrarch compared, ii. 70, iv. 85-89, 90;
Dante depreciated by Petrarch, ii. 82;
points of contrast between Dante and Ariosto, v. 15, 19, 21, 28;
Dante's genius never immature, iii. 387;
the poet of medieval Christianity, v. 2, 194, 449;
between the ancient and the modern world, i. 10, ii. 13, 39, 69,
iv. 84;
the first exponent of Italian genius, iv. 84;
his superiority in lyric to his predecessors, 66;
not wholly free from scholasticism, 67;
his relation to the _Summa_, i. 60, v. 449;
the _Convito_, iv. 71;
Dante's censure in it of the writers who preferred French to
Italian, 16;
the _De Monarchia_, i. 60, 260, ii. 57, iii. 261, iv. 88;
the _Vita Nuova_, ii. 31, 35, iv. 68-70, 86, 123;
the meeting with Beatrice quoted as a specimen of Dante's style, 133;
Dante's treatment of love in the _Vita Nuova_, 90;
the _De Vulgari Eloquio_, i. 261, 272, iv. 28, 66 _note_ 2;
its citations of vernacular poetry, iv. 20, 32;
ideal of language proposed in the work, 33, 42, v. 246;
Dante's account in it of the Sicilian poets, iv. 21;
the mention of Guittone of Arezzo, 46;
Dante's remark in it on the subjects of poetry, 117 _note_ 1;
translated by Trissino, v. 306;
the _Divina Commedia_: Dante himself the hero, iv. 78;
its scientific structure, 79;
the allegories of the _Commedia_, 81;
its characteristic Italian realism, 82, v. 514;
Dante finds no place for those who stood aloof from faction, i. 73;
contrast of the _Commedia_ and the _Decameron_, iv. 104;
the _Commedia_ as an epic of Italian tyranny, i. 77 _note_ 1;
influence exercised by it on the painters, iii. 283 _note_ 2
(cp. 406);
Dante's own explanation of the _Divina Commedia_, iv. 75-77;
its comprehensive spirit, 77;
quotations:--the _Inferno_: the speech of Ulysses, ii. 330 _note_ 2;
the ancient poets, ii. 32, iii. 283 _note_ 2;
mention of the story of Roland, iv. 433;
the _Paradiso_: Cacciaguida's speech, i. 73 _note_ 1;
the miseries of patronage, 318;
the planet Mercury, ii. 39;
character of S. Dominic, iii. 205;
lines quoted to show the clinging of the Italians to their past
history, iv. 12 (cp. 151);
the _Purgatory_: the apostrophe to Italy, i. 77 _note_ 1;
the speech of Manfred, 133 _note_ 1;
the fickleness of Florence, 237;
the fleetingness of fame, ii. 39;
the Sacred City, Rome, 144;
the sculpture seen by Dante in Purgatory, iii. 149;
the Trevisan Court, iv. 15;
the praise of Guido Guinicelli, 47;
the mention of Guittone of Arezzo, 48;
the Canzone--_Donne ch'avete intelletto d'amore_, 62;
philosophical treatment of love in the poem, 62;
the song of the _Ghirlandetta_: its popularity, 261

Dati, Goro di Stagio, iv. 176;
his description of May festivals at Florence, 52

Dati, Leonardo, his Cosmographical History, iv. 240

Dati, Leonardo, theologian and friend of Palmieri, v. 549;
comments on the _Citta di Vita_, 548, 549

Dattiri, Altobello, assassination of, i. 121

D'Avalos, Alfonso, Marquis of Vasto, gives Ariosto a pension, iv. 503

---- Ferrante Francesco, Marquis of Pescara, marries Vittoria
Colonna, v. 289;
his reputed treason, 290 (cp. i. 245)

Dazzi, Andrea, devises the cars for the Pageant of the Golden Age,
iv. 397

Death, the Black, its effects at Florence, i. 259, ii. 120, iv. 111,
v. 191;
description of, in the Decameron, iv. 111

Decembrio, Candido, his account of Filippo Maria Visconti, i. 153
_note_ 1, ii. 266;
followed the model of Suetonius, ii. 533;
patronised by Eugenius IV., 220;
translates Appian and Homer, and aids Trapezuntius in translating
the _Republic_, for Nicholas V., 228, 266;
appointed Secretary of the Abbreviators by Nicholas, 229;
his position at Milan, 266;
cited for Filelfo's conceit, 271 _note_ 1

Decorative Art, wealth of, in Italian palaces and Churches, iii. 54,
56, 78

Decretals, the false, i. 3

Della Casa, Giovanni, Bishop of Benevento, facts of his life, v. 274;
his morality, i. 459 _note_ 2 (cp. v. 274);
a member of the _Vignajuoli_ Academy at Rome, ii. 366, v. 357;
said to have been refused the Cardinalate on account of the
_Capitolo del Forno_, v. 275;
his relations with Pier Paolo Vergerio, 275 _note_ 1, 381 _note_ 1;
the _Galateo_, i. 183 _note_ 1, ii. 37, v. 275;
a code of social etiquette aesthetically treated, v. 430;
the _Capitolo del Forno_, 40, 275, 278, 364;
the Latin Lyrics, ii. 497, v. 276;
his Correspondence, v. 276, 360;
the Italian Poems: sternness and sadness of their tone, 277;
translations of six sonnets, 279

Della Casa, Quirino (son of Giovanni della Casa), v. 274

_Della Crusca_ Academy, the, at Florence, ii. 366;
Il Lasca and the _Della Crusca_, v. 79 _note_ 2

Della Rovere Family, the, Sixtus IV. claims kindred with them, i. 388;
their armorial bearings, 388, ii. 495

---- Francesco (_see_ Sixtus IV.):
Francesco Maria, Duke of Urbino, ii. 419;
his violence of temper, i. 393;
neglects to defend Rome in 1527, 245, 297, 444;
Giovanni della, Duke of Urbino, 182 _note_ 2, 389, 393, ii. 419;
Cardinal Girolamo, his monument by Sansovino, iii. 156;
Giuliano (_see_ Julius II.);
Lionardo, i. 389;
Nicolo, marries Laura, daughter of Alexander VI., 407 _note_ 1

Demetrius of Crete, aids in the first printing of Greek books in
Italy, ii. 375;
furnishes the model for the Greek type of the first edition of
Homer, 376

Democracy, the Renaissance and democracy, i. 27, 28, v. 489;
gradual approach of the Italian cities to democracy, 72

Democratic principles of modern society, i. 28

Desiderio da Settignano, his monument to Carlo Marsuppini, ii. 186,
iii. 158 _note_ 2, 159;
his bust of Marietta Strozzi, iii. 159;
Giovanni Santi's description of him, 160

_Desiosi_, the, an Academy at Bologna, ii. 366

Despots, the Italian, i. 42;
their rise, 75-77, 81;
their services to art and literature, 78-80, iii. 42;
popular with the middle classes and the people, i. 83, 116;
disarm their subjects, 85;
their downfall, 89, 90;
their title rested solely on ability, 102, 117, 118;
character and effect of their government, 103;
luxury and culture of their Courts, 105;
the atrocities of the tyrants--how far due to mania, 109, 110, 151
(_see also_ Appendix i.);
divided into six classes, 110-114;
led a life of terror, 118;
their superstition, 119, 149;
their crimes, 120-125, 139, v. 441;
errors in Macaulay's account of them, i. 127;
description of them by Villani, 128;
by Ariosto, 130, iv. 506 _note_ 2;
their practice of division among joint heirs a source of weakness
to them, i. 136;
developed refinement of manners, 192

D'Estampes, Madame, iii. 474, 476

_Desti_, the, an Academy at Bologna, ii. 366

Diacceto, Jacopo del, executed for his share in the conspiracy
against Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, v. 239

Diamond, the, name of a club at Florence formed by the Duke of
Nemours, iv. 396

Dino Compagni, Chronicle of, cited, i. 210 _note_ 2, 225 _note_ 1;
question of its authenticity, 262, 263 _note_ 1, 266, 272;
Dino's reason for undertaking the work, 264;
its character and value, 265

Diplomacy: diplomatic ability fostered by the number of the Italian
Commonwealths, ii. 3, iv. 366 (cp. v. 518)

_Disciplinati di Gesu Cristo_, Italian religious societies, iv. 282, 307

_Disuniti_, the, an Academy at Fabriano, ii. 366

Divizio, Agnolo, nephew of Cardinal Bibbiena, v. 367;
Bernardo (_see_ Bibbiena, Cardinal)

_Divozioni_, the Umbrian form of the sacred drama, iv. 307;
various metres in which they were written, 308;
their themes, 309;
question of the date when they were first represented in public, 310;
their relation to the Northern Miracle Plays, 311

Djem, Prince, brother of Sultan Bajazet, his captivity in Italy, i.
415, 461;
said to have been poisoned by Alexander VI., 415, 566 _note_ 1

Doctrinaire spirit, the, of Italian political theorists, i. 202, 244
_note_ 2, 283

Doge, gradual limitation of the power of the Doges at Venice, i. 216;
unpopularity of the office, 216 _note_ 1

Dolce, Lodovico, v. 181;
his tragedy of _Marianna_, 133;
more truly dramatic than the majority of Italian tragedies, 133;
the _Giocasta_, 134;
the comedy of _Ragazzo_, 162 _note_ 1;
its Prologue cited in testimony of the prevalent corruption of
manners, 190;
his _Capitoli_, 365;
his relations to Aretino, 419

Domenichi, Lodovico, his revision of Ser Giovanni's _Novelle_, iv.
152 _note_ 2;
his _rifacimento_ of the _Orlando Innamorato_, 491, v. 376;
his friendship and quarrel with Doni, v. 88;
his collection of works of Italian poetesses, 287

Domenico, Fra (Savonarola's friend), offers to undergo the ordeal of
fire, i. 533;
executed with Savonarola, 534

Domenico di Giovanni. (_See_ Burchiello, Il.)