Chapter XXXIII: Appendix: III (4)

Italy, Italians:
divergent character of the Italian cities, 34, 35, iii. 43, 181,
iv. 361, v. 137;
reasons why the Italians failed to attain political unity, i. 90,
98, iii. 261, iv. 5;
their dislike to monarchy, i. 92, 369, v. 503, 504;
feudalism alien to their temper, i. 42, 58, 61, 62, 100, 359, 484,
ii. 3, iii. 51, iv. 6, 7, 27, 44, 73, 140, 405, 426, 459, v. 492,
503, 505, 524, 530;
their estimation of tyrannicide, i. 169, 464;
their notions of nobility, 186 _note_ 1;
their tendency towards despotism, 190;
had no conception of representative government or confederation,
196, 211, ii. 3 (cp. v. 438), v. 495;
did not aim at national independence, i. 457, ii. 509;
their civilisation in advance of that of Northern Europe, i. 100,
260, 586, iii. 42, v. 50;
Italian ideas about the Pope, i. 418, 462-464, iii. 471;
reasons why the Italians held to the Papacy, i. 470, iv. 438;
their attachment to the Imperial idea, iv. 438;
independent attitude of the Italians to the Empire and Church, v.
502, 524;
ready means of intercourse between the Italian provinces in the
middle ages, iv. 270;
the local divisions of Italy a source of intellectual strength as
well as political weakness, ii. 8, iv. 493, 518;
the modern development of the Italians precocious and never
matured, i. 495, iv. 146;
their ignorance of the power of the Northern nations, i. 538;
the Italian lower classes welcomed the French invasion, 549 _note_
1, 583 _note_ 2;
Italy 'revealed to the North' by the invasion, 583;
fascination exercised by Italy over the Northern fancy, 119 _note_
2, v. 117;
complete change in Italy between 1375-1470, iv. 366;
confidence of the Italians at the Renaissance in the fortune of the
age, ii. 208, iv. 396, v. 281, 522;
physical and ethnographical character of the Italians, i. 12, ii.
24, v. 500;
persistence of the Italic type through all historical mutations, v.
501-504, 509;
hold retained by their past history upon the Italians, ii. 30, 56,
505, iv. 5, 7, 11, 141, 187 _note_ 1, 242, 273, v. 492;
essential unity of the Italian nation, i. 32, 42, 47 _note_ 1, 54, 65;
formation of the national character, 100, ii. 1-4. iv. 146, v. 505;
preoccupation of the Italians in the middle ages with the idea of
death, iii. 198, iv. 74;
Italian morality at the Renaissance, i. 323, v. 365;
morality and religion disunited in Italy, i. 174 _note_ 1, 433,
447, 462, ii. 234, 257, iii. 451;
material and irreligious temperament of the Italians, i. 454, 490,
493, ii. 17, 205. iv. 10, 39, 128, 140, 146, 426, v. 114, 486,
504, 509, 514;
difference of their religious feelings from those of Northern
nations, iv. 306, 323, v. 486, 514;
decay of religious feeling in Italy between the time of Dante and
Poliziano, iv. 207, v. 194, 493, 516;
unwillingness of Italian thinkers to break with Catholicism, i.
454, v. 293;
Italian passion for reliques, i. 461;
defects of their imagination, iv. 249, 253, 273, 343, v. 18, 504,
509, 514;
reasons for these defects, iv. 344;
character of the Italian imagination illustrated from the _Sacre
Rappresentazioni_, 347;
lack of sterner passion in the Italian aesthetic temperament, v. 114
(cp. 515);
organising faculty of the Italians, 504, 513;
foreign judgments of Italian morality, i. 472, ii. 408;
anomaly of the corruption of Italy while the arts and literature
were at their height, v. 494;
profligacy of the Italians, i. 474 (cp. Bandello's Apology for his
_Novelle_, v. 76, and the Analysis of Machiavelli's _Mandragola_,
v. 165-170);
their addiction to unnatural vices, i. 476;
their cruelty and debauchery, 476-479;
their love of poisoning and assassination, 480, v. 523;
their notions of honour and female fidelity, i. 481-486 (cp v. 163
_note_ 1);
their admiration of generosity, iv. 356;
the Italians had not adopted chivalry, i. 359, 482, iv. 6. 27, 44,
60, 73, v. 13, 505;
character of the _bourgeoisie_ as drawn in Italian comedies, v. 183;
refinement and toleration of the Italians, i. 486-488, ii. 14, 408;
cosmopolitan nature of their ideals, ii. 15, 55, iv. 184;
the art of conversation invented by the Italians, ii. 34;
free play given to personality in Italy, i. 488, ii. 3, 4, 6;
superior morals of the lower classes illustrated from Italian art,
i. 488-490;
the same fact proved by contemporary biographies and memoirs, v. 190;
revivalism in Italy, i. 490 (_see_ Appendix iv. vol. i.; also
_Flagellants_ and _Laudesi_);
Italian architecture local rather than national, ii. 5, iii. 45;
Gothic architecture never fully understood in Italy, iii. 51, 66,
69, iv. 345, v. 505;
Italian feeling for spatial proportion in architecture, iii. 67;
reasons why the Italians succeeded better in sculpture and painting
than architecture, ii. 7;
Italian genius best shown in painting, iii. 5, 31, v. 495;
universal feeling for art in the Italians, iii. 1, 4;
their aesthetic enthusiasm, 3;
their innate susceptibility to beauty, iv. 242, v. 526;
the Italian artists were contented to work out old motives, iii.
118, v. 6;
Italian love of cultivated landscape beauty, v. 196, 511;
the cosmopolitan culture of the Italians implied some sacrifice of
national personality, ii. 9, 394, v. 137;
the Italians contented to accept the primacy in culture instead of
national independence, ii. 39, 475;
respect of the Italians for culture, iv. 447;
Italian unity only attained in literature and art, iii. 261, iv.
147, 367, v. 137, 248, 495;
the recovery of the classics equivalent to the recovery of national
consciousness in Italy, iv. 142, v. 505;
the Roman element in Italian genius, v. 501-516;
persistency of the Italians in carrying out the Revival, ii. 509,
v. 505, 525;
injurious effects of the Revival upon them, ii. 516, v. 193;
decay of learning in Italy, ii. 540, v. 480;
the Italians cease to study Greek, ii. 543;
work achieved by the Italians in educating the Northern nations,
544, v. 530;
attention paid by the Italians to biography, ii. 35;
their susceptibility to rhetoric, 149, 190, 216, 513, 525, iii. 3,
v. 512;
questioning spirit of the Italian intellect, iv. 448, v. 500;
contempt of the early Italian scholars for Italian, ii. 448, 532
_note_ 1, iv. 4, 7, 143, 176, 234-238, 365, v. 137, 247, 506, 508;
growth of Italian out of Latin, iv. 28-32;
the development of Italian slower than that of other modern
languages, 3-8;
Italian superseded French as the literary language in the middle of
the thirteenth century, 20;
character of the various Italian dialects, 30;
early popular works in the dialects, 34, 129;
artificial character of the Italian literary language, ii. 448, iv.
8, v. 246;
revival of Italian in the fourth period of culture, ii. 393, iv. 3,
365, v. 246;
manner in which Tuscan was made into the standard Italian, iv. 33,
v. 246, 508;
problem presented by language to the writers of Italian, v. 247;
Petrarch and Boccaccio taken as models, iv. 164, v. 248;
manner in which their influence was injurious,
(1) the imitation of Petrarch's affectation and melancholy, v.
249-251;
(2) of Boccaccio's ornate and complicated style, 251 (cp. iv. 136);
effect of purism on Italian literature, v. 256-258;
false position of the _Petrarchisti_, 249, 520;
they show no sympathy for the calamities of Italy, 281, 522;
erroneous conception of poetry implied in Petrarchism, 273;
want of a natural means of expression in the _Petrarchisti_, 250;
the unity of Italy is now producing a common Italian, ii. 450, v. 270;
Italian literature brought to perfection between 1300 and 1530, iv. 1;
subdivisions of that period, 1;
positive spirit in which the Italians treated ancient legends and
sagas, 5, 11;
effect produced by their free political life on early Italian
writers, 8;
degree of superiority in the use of Latin obtained by medieval
Italian writers, 9;
effect of Provencal and French literature on the Italians, 13 foll.;
the Italian hendecasyllabic, 24 (_see_ also Appendix i. vol iv.);
history of the _ottava rima_, 25, 308;
effect on Italian literature produced by the want of a central
Court, 33, 365, v. 112, 257;
origin of Italian prose, iv. 35, 128;
inferiority of the first attempts, 130;
beginnings of Italian poetry, 37;
the modern Italians never had a national Epic, ii. 4, iv. 5, 7,
244, v. 503;
general absence of Ballad poetry in Italian, iv. 37 (cp. 251), 274,
v. 11;
exceptions to this, iv. 274;
early poems treating of obscene subjects, iv. 38, v. 356 _note_ 1;
Italian literature in the middle ages created no feminine ideal
like those of the old romances, iv. 63;
Italian prose-writers of the _Trecento_, 131;
exaggerated admiration of modern Italians for the _Trecentisti_,
132, v. 270;
importance of the _Quattro Cento_ in Italian literature, iv. 147;
sentiment of disappointment and despair common to the later
_Trecentisti_, 165;
employment of the _terza rima_ by the poets after Dante, 166, 172;
materials afforded for studying the growth of Italian prose by
familiar letters, 175, v. 262;
improvements effected in Italian prose by the popular writers of
the _Quattro Cento_, iv. 240;
appreciation of the great Italian poets by the mass of the people, 241;
popular poems upon contemporary events during the _Quattro Cento_, 255;
erotic spirit of Italian hymns, 305;
rarity of Miracle Plays in Italy, 306;
their place supplied by _Divozioni_ and _Sacre Rappresentazioni_, 307;
the best manner of dealing with Italian literature between
1470-1530, 359 foll.;
typical men of genius during this period, 362;
share of the different cities in literature, 364-366;
degeneracy of Italian poetry during the Renaissance, 404, 463;
the classification of the Italian narrative poems, v. 3;
the literature of the _Cinque Cento_ influenced by the manners of
the _bourgeoisie_, 52;
injury occasioned to Italian literature by the absence of a general
public, 52, 190 _note_ 2;
number of popular works issued by the Venetian press, 96;
burlesque considered as a counterpoise to serious poetry in Italy,
310, 382;
survival of ancient satiric humour in Italy, 512 (cp. 366);
no great satire produced by the Italians, 512;
burlesque poetry in Italy a medium for free thought, 311, 315;
association at the Reformation of Lutheran opinions and immorality
in Italy, 325;
number of Italian poetesses, 287;
identity of male and female education in Renaissance Italy, 287
_note_ 1;
comparison of Italian and Latin art and literature, 509-514;
Italian love of didactic poetry, 512;
general characteristics of Italian literature, 518;
results achieved by the Italians during the Renaissance, 526

Jacopo del Bussolaro, Fra,
preaching of, i. 490, 610, 611

Jacopo da Lentino, iv. 25, 43, 60

Jacopo della Marca, Fra,
preaches at Perugia, i. 491, 613

Jacopone da Todi,
the legend of his life, iv. 285-289;
his Italian hymns, 40, 283;
their ecstatic spirit, 284;
their simplicity, 284;
specimens of them, 289-292;
the Dialogue between Mary and Christ on the Cross, 292-295, 309;
many of the hymns ascribed to him belong to his followers, 295;
specimens of these, 297-302;
his saying about Boniface VIII., 289. (_See_ Appendix iv. vol. iv.
for translations.)

Jenson, Nicholas,
joins John of Spires as printer at Venice, ii. 369

Jerome of Prague,
Poggio's description of him at the Council of Constance, ii. 231, 535

Jeronimo,
his preaching at Milan, i. 620

Jews,
expulsion of the,
from Spain, i. 400

Joachim (of Flora),
saying of his, i. 9, iii. 36

Joanna of Naples, i. 361, 574;
married to her nephew Ferdinand, 575 _note_ 1

John of Maintz,
early printer at Florence, ii. 369

John of Spires,
establishes himself as printer at Venice, ii. 369

John of Vicenza, preaching of, i. 490, 607-610

Jonson, Ben, his _Epicoene_ compared with Dolce's _Ragazzo_, v. 162
_note_ 1;
may have been partially indebted to Aretino's _Marescalco_ for its
humour, 178;
more successful in the fusion of ancient and modern elements than
the Italian comedies, 182

Jovius. (_See_ Giovio.)

Jubilee, the (of 1300), iv. 2;
visited by Dante and Villani, i. 253, ii. 144;
(of 1450), i. 377, 378, iv. 173

Julia, corpse of, said to have been discovered on the Appian Way, i.
22, ii. 31, 433

Julius II., i. 157;
character of him by Volaterranus, 389 _note_ 2;
his hostility to the Borgias, 406, 432;
his services to art, 433;
commences St. Peter's, 433, iii. 90, 398;
his policy, i. 434;
contrast of Julius and Leo, 438;
saying ascribed to him, ii. 17;
story of his wishing to be represented with a sword in his statue,
iii. 397;
his project for a mausoleum, 398;
his reconciliation with Michelangelo, 401;
his impatience with Michelangelo during the painting of the Sistine
Chapel, 407

Julius III., makes Aretino a Knight of S. Peter, v. 404

Justinian, his conquest of Italy, i. 47;
the Code of Justinian enthusiastically studied in medieval Italy, 62

Kydonios, Demetrios, ii. 109

Ladislaus, King, Filelfo's mission to him on his marriage, ii. 268

Laetus, Pomponius, i. 386;
his relation to the Sanseverini, ii. 33, 359;
his letter to his kindred, 359;
assimilated his life to that of the ancients, 360;
founds the Roman Academy, 361, 409, v. 272;
his apology for his life, ii. 362;
his funeral, 362;
his nobility of character, 523;
causes plays of Terence and Plautus to be represented in the
original by the Roman Academy, v. 138

La Magione, the Diet of (the conspiracy against Cesare Borgia), i. 351

Lambertazzi, Imelda, i. 74, 210 _note_ 2

Lampugnani, Giannandrea, one of the assassins of Galeazzo Maria
Sforza i. 166

Landi Family, the, at Bobbio, i. 150

Landini, Taddeo di Leonardo, architect at the representation of
Cecchi's _Elevation of the Cross_, iv. 325

Landino, Cristoforo, one of the circle gathered round Lorenzo de'
Medici, ii. 322;
his labours as Professor at Florence, 338;
his edition of Dante, 338, iv. 235;
the _Camaldolese Discussions_, 338-341, iv. 206, v. 451, 455;
his preference of Latin to Italian, iv. 236, 237

Landriani, Gherardo, discovers a MS. of Cicero at Lodi, ii. 140

Langue d'Oc, iv. 13, 14, 16

Langue d'Oil, iv. 13, 14, 16

Languschi Family, the, of Pavia, i. 145

_Laocoon_, discovery of the, ii. 415, 431;
description of it, by a Venetian ambassador, 435;
transcends the limits of ancient sculpture, iii. 18

Laonicenus, a Cretan, joint editor of a Greek Psalter, ii. 376

Lapaccini, Fra Giuliano, copies MSS. for Cosimo de' Medici, ii. 174

Lasca, Il, origin, of his _nom de plume_, v. 79;
depreciates Burchiello in comparison with Berni, iv. 261, v. 362
_note_ 1;
edits the poems of Berni, v. 361;
his collection of _Canti Carnascialeschi_, iv. 388, v. 79, 356
_note_ 1;
quoted in proof of their invention by Lorenzo de' Medici, iv. 388;
his _Cene_, v. 79, 80;
introduction to the work, 81;
its obscenity and cruelty, 80-82;
the better stories contained in it, 82;
the _Novella_ of _Zoroastro_, cited in illustration of Italian
witchcraft, 346 _note_ 1;
his criticism of contemporary comedy, 122, 124, 143 _note_ 1, 187;
his comedies, 181

Lascaris, John, his Greek Grammar the first Greek book printed in
Italy, ii. 375;
the edition of Vicenza, 376;
his edition of four plays of Euripides, 383 _note_ 1;
a member of the Aldine Academy, 386;
his visits to France, 386, 427;
invited by Leo to Rome, 427;
his epitaph on himself, 428

Lateran, Council of the (1513),
reasserts the Thomistic doctrine on the soul, v. 470

Latin,
the transformation of,
into the modern Romance languages, iv. 28-32;
reasons why the Italian scholars preferred Latin to Italian, ii. 447;
imperfection of their first attempts at Latin versification, 451,
482, 486;
Latinisation of names and phrases by scholars at the Renaissance,
397 (cp. 480 _note_ 2, iv. 120, v. 507)

Latini, Brunetto,
his _Tesoro_, originally written in French, iv. 16;
translated into Italian, 35, 130;
Dante studies under him, 70;
reputed author of many early popular Italian works, 129

_Laudesi_, the (Umbrian religious societies),
origin of the name iv. 283;
gave rise by their religious practices to the _Divozioni_ and the
_Sacre Rappresentazioni_, 307

_Laudi_, the,
popular hymns in Italian, originally produced by the Umbrian
religious societies, iv. 40, 283, 302, v. 519;
set to the tunes of popular songs, iv. 263, 305

Laura (daughter of Alexander VI.),
marries Nicolo della Rovere, i. 407 _note_ 1

Laurentian library,
its formation by Cosimo de' Medici, ii. 175;
its architectural features, iii. 87

Lazzari, Bramante. (_See_ Bramante.)

Legates, i. 35

Legnano, battle of, i. 42, 64, 95, iv. 6

Leo III.,
crowns Charles the Great as Emperor, i. 50

Leo IX., 59

Leo X.,
Machiavelli's _Discorso sul Reggimento di Firenze_ dedicated to
him, 197 _note_ 1, 203;
his management of Florence in the Medicean interest, 222, 277, 438;
said by Pitti to have wished to give a liberal government to
Florence, 288 _note_ 1;
makes Guicciardini governor of Reggio and Modena, 296;
confers the Dukedom of Urbino on his nephew, 322, 438, ii. 420;
his remark on the election of Alexander VI., 409;
on Lionardo da Vinci's love of experiment, iii. 323;
his saying, 'Let us enjoy the Papacy since God has given it us,'
i. 437, ii. 17, 412;
his policy, i. 98, 322;
his character, 435, ii. 401, 412;
his extravagance, 436-438;
contrast of Leo and Julius, 438;
his _imprimatur_ to the editors of Tacitus, ii. 40, 425;
Aldo Manuzio's edition of Plato dedicated to him, 379;
his patronage of scholars, 404, 415, 470;
reforms the Sapienza at Rome, 426;
his visit to Florence after his election, iv. 396;
representation of Rucellai's _Rosmunda_ before him at Florence, v. 129;
his sympathy for popular literature, 138 _note_ 1;
theatre built by him at Rome, 144, 147;
his love of plays, 146;
causes the _Calandra_ to be represented before Isabella of Mantua, 146;
Paolucci's account of Leo's behaviour at a representation of the
_Suppositi_, 147;
representations of the _Mandragola_ before Leo, 170, 325 _note_ 1;
his dislike of the monks, 170;
presides over the Lateran Council of 1513, 470;
his doubts upon the Thomistic doctrine of immortality, 471

Leo the Isaurian, i. 50

Leoniceno, Nicolao,
his 'De Morbo Gallico,' i. 567 _note_ 1;
his praise of Aldo Manuzio, ii. 391;
teacher in the High School of Ferrara, 427

Leonora of Aragon,
her reception by Pietro Riario at Rome, i. 390, iv. 315

Leopardi, Alessandro,
his statue of Colleoni at Venice, iii. 78 _note_ 1, 143

Lessing,
his criticism of Ariosto's Alcina, iv. 116, v. 19

Lezia, Virginia Maria,
her trial for witchcraft, v. 346 _note_ 1

Libraries,
formation of the great libraries, i. 21;
smallness of ancient, ii. 127;
first ideas of the formation of a public library, 166;
libraries founded by Cosmo de' Medici, 173-176. (_See_ also
Bessarion, Petrarch, &c.)

Ligorio, Piero,
his labours at S. Peter's, iii. 93

Linacre, a pupil of Poliziano and Chalcondylas, ii. 350, 387;
a member of the Aldine Academy, 387;
founds the Greek Chair at Oxford, 387, 391

_Lingua Aulica_, name given by Dante to the dialect adopted by the
Sicilian poets, iv. 6, 22

Lippi, Filippino, his _Triumph of S. Thomas_ in S. Maria sopra
Minerva, Rome, iii. 207;
story that he was the son of Filippo Lippi, 247;
powerfully influenced by revived classicism, 248

Lippi, Fra Filippo, his genius cramped by his enforced attention to
religious subjects, iii. 244;
his frescoes at Prato, 245, iv. 422, v. 54;
his frescoes at Spoleto, iii. 246;
his friendship with Lorenzo de' Medici, 247, 263

Livy, tomb of, at Padua, i. 462, ii. 30

Lodovico da Vezzano, his Tragedy of Jacopo Piccinino, v. 117 _note_ 1

Lomazzo, his _History of Painting_, iii. 322 _note_ 3;
emblems assigned by him to the great painters, 337, 488

Lombards, the, come into Italy, i. 48;
the laws of the Lombards, 49, 62;
effect of their rule, 48, 49;
the Lombard kings join the Catholic communion, 49;
their error in this, 49, 94;
the Pope brings in the Franks against the Lombards, 50, 51;
war of the Lombard cities with Frederic Barbarossa, 63, 64, 67, 68,
95, iv. 6;
little trace left by this war on Italian art, iii. 220

Lombardy, part played by, in the history of Italian art and
literature, ii. 506, iii. 482-490, v. 497

---- Lombard architecture, use of the term, iii. 43;
character of the style, 47 (cp. v. 504)

---- Lombard School of Painting, the, owed its origin to Lodovico
Sforza, i. 79;
Lombard masters after Lionardo da Vinci, iii. 183, 482-484;
piety of their art, 489;
richness of the Italian lake district in works of this school, 490
_note_ 1 (cp. iv. 338)

Longo, Alberigo, Lodovico Castelvetro accused of his murder, v. 286

Lorenzetti, Ambrogio, his frescoes in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, 210

Lorenzetti, Ambrogio and Pietro, scholars of Giotto, iii. 197, 226;
probably the painters of the frescoes in the Campo Santo, Pisa, 200;
free from the common pietism of the Sienese painters, 216, 218

Lori, his _Capitolo_ on Apples, v. 365

Lo Scalza, his statuary at Orvieto and elsewhere, iii. 56, 78 _note_ 1;
his statue of S. Sebastian at Orvieto, illustrating the pagan
motives introduced by the Renaissance into Christian art, 170
_note_ 1

Losco, Antonio, made Apostolic Secretary by Gregory XII., ii. 218;
his praises of Beccadelli's _Hermaphroditus_, 255

Lotto, Lorenzo, iii. 503

Louis d'Orleans, his marriage to Valentina Visconti, i. 143 _note_ 1, 154

Louis XI., of France, confers the _fleurs de lys_ on the Medici, iv. 405

Louis XII., of France:
Machiavelli's criticism of his policy in Italy, i. 339;
invited into Italy by Alexander VI., 349, 427, 584;
his alliance with Ferdinand the Catholic, 427;
marriage of his daughter Renee to Ercole d'Este, v. 297

Louis of Bavaria, i. 81, 133

Love, the ideal of, in chivalrous poetry, iv. 59;
reality of the feeling in the medieval poets, 64;
brought back by Petrarch to experience, 94;
its character in popular Italian poetry, 272, 419

Lucca, its political history, i. 194

---- the Duomo:
monument of Ilaria del Carretto, iii. 132, 165;
monuments, &c., by Civitale, 157

Lucca:
S. Frediano, Francia's _Assumption_, 303 _note_ 1

---- S. Martino, Pisano's bas-relief, 105

---- University, the:
receives a diploma from Charles IV., ii. 118

Lugano:
Church of the Angeli, Luini's frescoes, iii. 485-487 (cp. iv. 340)

Luigi da Porto, his _Novelle_, v. 60;
his version of the story of Romeo and Juliet, 71 _note_ 1

Luigini, Federigo, his _Libro della Bella Donna_, ii. 37, v. 85 _note_ 3

Luini, Bernardino, the scholar of Lionardo da Vinci, iii. 484;
idyllic religious beauty of his frescoes, 485-487;
their defects of composition, 487

Luna, his _Vocabolario di cinque mila vocaboli toschi_, v. 254 _note_ 1

Luther:
effect of his Reformation, i. 2, 26;
his visit to Rome, ii. 408;
the Lutheran leanings of Vittoria Colonna and her circle, v. 292;
Lutheran opinions expressed by the burlesque poets, 312, 315, 325;
association in Italy, at the Reformation, of Lutheran opinions and
immorality, 325

Luziano, architect of the Ducal palace at Urbino, iii. 162 _note_ 1

Macalo, battle of, i. 161

Macaulay, his essay on Machiavelli criticised, i. 320 _note_ 1;
quoted, 329

Maccaronic Poetry, its origin, v. 327

Machiavelli, the facts of his life, i. 232, 308, foll.;
his description of his country life, 314-317;
accused of complicity in the plot against Giulio de' Medici, 314,
ii. 366, v. 239;
his servility to the Medici, i. 317, v. 170, 370;
his Epigram on Piero, Soderini, i. 324, iii. 391 (translated i. 325);
his plan for a national militia, i. 311;
his cynicism, 278, 292, v. 160 _note_ 1, 168, 312, 385;
his analysis of character contrasted with that of Ariosto, v. 22
(cp. 432);
comparison of Machiavelli, Michelangelo, and Dante, i. 318, iii. 395;
of Machiavelli, Aretino, and Cellini, iii. 479;
of Machiavelli and Pomponazzi, v. 485;
Machiavelli and Savonarola contrasted, i. 368;
Varchi's character of him, 333;
his knowledge of the Greek classics scanty, 310, iv. 493;
indirectly indebted to Aristotle, i. 197 _note_ 1;
directly to Polybius, v. 434 _note_ 1;
chiefly used Livy, i. 250 _note_ 1;
plainness and directness of his style in contrast to the prevailing
love of rhetoric and form, v. 431;
division of his works into four classes, 433;
light thrown by his letters on the complications of his character, 433;
his aim partly practical, partly speculative, 435;
his opinion upon the place of religion in the State, i. 453, 454,
v. 437;
his contempt for Christianity, i. 453 _note_ 1 (cp. v. 520);
his analysis of the causes of the decay of Italy,
(1) the corruptions and ambition of the Papacy, 96, 382, 448-451,
v. 436, 438, 442;
(2) the Condottiere system, i. 160 _note_ 2, 311, v. 436;
(3) the want of a central power, i. 214, 321, 449, 450, v. 436;
difference between Machiavelli's views on the last point and those
of Guicciardini, i. 44 _note_ 1, 45 _note_ 1;
calls Italy 'the corruption of the world,' v. 493;
his conception of _patria_, v. 435, 436, 442, 446;
his analysis of democracy, i. 236;
has no idea of representative government, v. 438;
urges the training of the citizens to arms, 438, 439;
indifferent as to means if his political aims could be carried out,
439-441;
his use of the word _virtu_, i. 171, 337 _note_ 1, 345, 482, 484,
493, ii. 35, iii. 439, 479, v. 410, 416, 425, 440;
the ideal Prince or Saviour of Society, i. 98, 214, 321, v. 435,
439, 441;
weakness of the conception, v. 441;
Machiavelli's belief in the power of legislation, i. 202, v. 439,
442, 444;
his experience of the small Italian States prevented him from
forming an adequate conception of national action, v. 443;
shared with the Humanists the belief in the possibility of a
revival of the past, 444;
his severance of ethics and politics, 440, 441, 445;
his greatness based upon the scientific spirit in which he treated
his subjects, 445, 447, 519;
genuineness of his patriotism, 445;
the _Prince_, v. 519;
composed in his retirement, i. 317;
analysis of the work, 336-367;
criticised, 367-370;
theories on the object of the _Prince_, 326;
its real character, 334-336, v. 443;
Machiavelli's admiration of Cesare Borgia, i. 324, 326, 345-356,
v. 385;
Alexander VI. made an example of successful hypocrisy, i. 357;
observation that the temporal power of the Papacy was created by
Alexander, 413;
passage quoted on the courtesy shown by the Condottieri among
themselves, 162 _note_ 1;
Hegel's criticism of the _Prince_, 367;
the ethics of the _Prince_, 321-326, 482, 484, 494. ii. 37, 312,
iii. 479, v. 441;
the _Istorie Fiorentine_, i. 331, 332, v. 432;
written by desire of the Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, i. 331;
critique of Bruni and Poggio in the Proemium;
---- Machiavelli's own conception of history, 249;
remark on the divisions of Florence, 227;
passage on the growth of the Condottiere system, 245;
passage on Venetian policy, 215 _note_ 1;
the censure of the _Ordinanze della Giustizia_, 225, 244;
the policy of Cosimo and Lorenzo de' Medici, 229 _note_ 1, 231,
iv. 386;
the contention between Church and Empire, i. 82 _note_ 1;
the execution of Beatrice di Tenda, 152 _note_ 2;
visit of the Duke of Milan to Florence--its effect on Florentine
manners, 165;
negative testimony of Machiavelli to the natural death of Alexander
VI., 430;
the _Discorsi_, 328, v. 432, 519;
Machiavelli's debt to Polybius, v. 434 _note_ 1;
not really in discord with the _Principe_, 435;
passage quoted for Machiavelli's opinion that a city which had once
been under a tyrant will never become free, i. 84, 115;
on the policy of enfeebling a hostile prince by making him odious
to his subjects, 146;
treatment of tyrannicide in the _Discorsi_, 169;
censure of aristocracy, 186 _note_ 1;
cynical account of Gianpaolo Baglioni's omission to assassinate
Julius II., 324, 463;
the _Arte della Guerra_, 329, v. 432, 438, 439, 444;
the _Descrizione della Peste_, iii. 188, v. 433;
_Discorso sopra la Riforma dello stato di Firenze_, i. 328 _note_
1, v. 432, 439;
its Aristotelian air, i. 197 _note_ 1;
the _Vita di Castruccio Castracane_, 76 _note_ 1, 112, ii. 37, v. 432;
the _Belphegor_, v. 60, 433;
compared with Straparola's version of the story, 102;
criticism of Ariosto's comedies ascribed to Machiavelli, v. 156;
translation of the _Andria_, 157;
the comedies--doubtful authenticity of the _Commedia in Prosa_
and the _Commedia in Versi_, 157, 159 _note_ 1;
their plots, 157;
character of Fra Alberigo, 158 (cp. i. 460);
of Margherita, 159;
of Caterina and Amerigo, 160;
the _Clizia_, its plot, 161;
the characters, 162-164;
coarseness of the moral sentiment, 163;
sarcasm and irony of the comedy, 164;
the _Mandragola_, 111, 123, 165;
the plot, 165-168;
character of Fra Timoteo, 166 (cp. i. 460, v. 394);
state of society revealed by the play, 168-170;
mistake to suppose that the _Mandragola_ was written with a moral
purpose, 434;
its Prologue, as illustrating the character of Machiavelli, 170-172;
Machiavelli's comedies compared with those of Aretino and Bibbiena, 180

Maderno, Carlo, finishes S. Peter's in disregard of Michelangelo's
scheme, iii. 93

Maestro Ferrara, the, his poems in the _langue d'oc_, iv. 16

_Maggi_, the, a survival, in regard to form, of the old Sacred Drama,
iv. 311

Magiolini, Laura, Filelfo's third wife, ii. 280, 287

Maglioli, Sperando, traditionally said to have made the bust of
Mantegna in S. Andrea, Mantua, iii. 278

Mainus, Jason, his panegyric of Alexander VI., i. 408

Maitani, Lorenzo, the architect of the Duomo of Orvieto, iii. 117

Maius, Junianus, the tutor of Sannazzaro, v. 198

Majano, Benedetto da, builds the Strozzi Palace at Florence, iii. 76,
77, 161;
his work as a sculptor in Italian churches, 78 _note_ 1;
purity and delicacy of his work, 152;
pictorial character of his bas-reliefs, 161;
story of his journey to King Matthias Corvinus, 161 _note_ 1

Malaspina, the Marchese Alberto, his poems in the _langue d'oc_, iv. 16

Malatesti, the, how they rose to power, i. 111;
sell Cervia to Venice, 114;
members of this family become Condottieri, 161

Malatesta, Carlo, throws a statue of Virgil into the Mincio, ii. 433;
Galeazzo, sells Pesaro and Fossombrone, i. 114;
Novello, his library at Cesena, ii. 303;
Pandolfo, murders Vidovero, i. 113 _note_ 1;
Raimondo and Pandolfo, assassination of, 121;
Sigismondo Pandolfo, contradictions of his character, 173, ii. 303;
his crimes, i. 421 _note_ 1, 428 _note_ 1;
his removal of Pletho's remains to Rimini, 173, 461, ii. 34, 209;
his portrait by Piero della Francesca, iii. 235

Malespini Family, the, Chronicle of, i. 251;
its disputed authorship, 252 _note_ 1, iv. 36

Malespini, Celio, his _Ducento Novelle_, v. 60

Mallory, Sir Thomas, comparison of his _Mort d'Arthur_ with the
_Reali di Francia_, iv. 246

Malpaga, Castle of, the frescoes there attributed to Cariani, iii.
368 _note_ 1

Mancina, Faustina, the Roman courtesan, ii. 488, v. 225, 226

Manetti, Giannozzo, one of the circle in Santo Spirito, ii. 102, 188;
learns Greek from Chrysoloras and Traversari, 110, 189;
ruined by Cosimo de' Medici, 170, 191;
pronounces the funeral oration over Bruni, 185;
his industry in acquiring knowledge, 188;
his reputation for oratory, 190;
maintained by Nicholas V. after his exile, 192, 228;
greatness of his character, 192;
attempted to harmonise Christian and classical traditions, 332

Manfred, King of Sicily, his death at the battle of Benevento, iv.
21, 27, 48;
story of his wandering with music of evenings through Barletta,
415 _note_ 1

Manfredi di Boccaccio, sentiment of despair expressed in his poems,
iv. 165

Manfredi, the, of Faenza, i. 111, 353, 375, 428

---- Astorre (1), sells Faenza and Imola, i. 114;
Astorre (2), 292;
murdered by Caesar Borgia, 428 _note_ 1;
Galeotto, murdered by his wife, Francesca Bentivogli, 119 _note_
2, 428 _note_ 1;
Taddeo, one of Vittorino da Feltre's scholars, 177

Mangini della Motta, Giovanni, his poem on the downfall of Antonio
della Scala, v. 117 _note_ 1

Mansueti, Venetian painter, iii. 362

Mantegna, Andrea, founded no school of local artists, iii. 184;
owed his training to Squarcione, 270 _note_ 1;
his frescoes in the Eremitani, Padua, 270;
his inspiration derived from the antique, 272, 362, 382;
the _Triumph of Julius Caesar_, 273, 277;
tragic power of his compositions, 274;
the _Madonna of the Victory_, 275;
enters the service of the Gonzaga family at Mantua, 276;
his visit to Rome, 277;
his domestic circumstances, 277;
his monument in S. Andrea, Mantua, 278;
his treatment of the antique compared with that of Signorelli and
Botticelli, 291;
his art illustrated by the _Arcadia_ of Sannazzaro, v. 203

Mantegna, Francesco (son of Andrea), iii. 277

Mantovano, Battista, cited for the irreligiousness and pride of the
Humanists, ii. 518, 521

Mantovano, Francesco, his drama upon the history of General Lautrec,
iv. 358

Mantua: San Andrea (by Alberti), ii. 342, iii. 70 _note_ 1, 75;
Mantegna's monument, 278;
Palazzo del Te, decorations of, by Giulio Romano, ii. 440, iii. 83,
492, iv. 403, v. 229, 389

Manuscripts: the quest of manuscripts at the commencement of the
Renaissance, ii. 131-140

Manuzio, Aldo, i. 24, ii. 368, 373;
his panegyrics of Lucrezia Borgia, i. 422;
story of the appearance of his edition of Plato, ii. 16 (cp. 379);
his dedication of Aristotle quoted, 330 _note_ 2;
his birth and education, 373;
his Greek Press at Venice, 377, v. 497;
his assistants, ii. 378;
his industry, 378;
his generous spirit and love of his art, 380, 390;
original prices of his editions, 381;
list of first editions of Greek classics printed by him, 382;
his Latin and Italian publications, 383;
his Academy at Venice, 385, v. 272;
his marriage and death, ii. 388;
his successors, 389;
meaning of his motto, 389;
his modesty and nobility of character, 368, 390, 523;
greatness of his work, 391;
his prefaces, &c., cited for the sufferings of scholars, 542;
Aldo, the grandson, ii. 389;
Antonio, son of Aldo, 388;
Manutio, son of Aldo, 388;
Paolo, son of Aldo, 385, 388

Marcello, Cristoforo, tortured by the Spaniards during the Sack of
Rome, ii. 444

Marchesa, Cassandra, her relations to Sannazzaro, v. 199

Marco Polo, translation of his _Travels_ into Italian, iv. 35

Marcolini, Francesco, his account of Aretino's life at Venice, v. 398
_note_ 2, 400 _note_ 3

Marescotti, the, at Bologna, their history, i. 124, 427

Margaret of Castile (wife of Alfonso the Magnanimous);
her murder of Margaret de Hijar, i. 570

Margaret de Hijar, murder of her by Queen Margaret, i. 570

Mariconda, Antonio, his _Novelle_, v. 60

Marino, Giovanni Battista, the _Adone_, v. 244, 257;
his conceits referred to Aretino's mannerism, 417

Marliano, Bartolommeo, his Topography of Rome, ii. 428

Marlowe, his _Edward II._ quoted for the character of Italian plays,
v. 111

Marone, his losses in the Sack of Rome, ii. 444

Marrani, popular name of contempt for the Spaniards in Italy, i. 410, 553

Marsigli, Luigi, influence of, through the society founded by him in
S. Spirito, ii. 101-103, 189

Marston (the dramatist), his testimony to the profligacy of Venice,
i. 473;
his Prologue to _Antonio and Mellida_ quoted, v. 115, 521

Marsuppini, Carlo, a scholar of Giovanni da Ravenna, ii. 100;
learns Greek from Chrysoloras, 110;
his lectures at Florence, and public funeral there, 186 (cp. 530);
story of his being surpassed by Manetti in speaking before
Frederick III., 190;
made Papal Secretary by Eugenius IV., 220

Martelli, Lodovico, his Tragedy of _Tullia_, v. 135;
disputes the genuineness of Dante's _De Vulgari Eloquio_ against
Trissone, 306;
Niccolo, his correspondence with Aretino, 410 _note_ 1

Martin V., story of his irritation at the verses sung by the
Florentines beneath his window, iv. 258

Martini, Simone, reputed painter of frescoes in S. Maria Novella,
iii. 205 _note_ 1, 217;
not wholly free from the faults of the Sienese painters, 216, 218;
his fame during his lifetime, 216;
various works by him, 217;
mention of him by Petrarch, 217 _note_ 1

Masaccio, i. 170 _note_ 1;
the pupil of Masolino, iii. 229 _note_ 1;
the greatest of the early painters of the Renaissance, 229;
comparison of Masaccio and Giotto, 230;
his early death, 231;
comparison of Masaccio and Fra Angelico, 240

Masolino, the master of Masaccio, iii. 229 _note_ 1

Massimi, the, at Rome, their protection of Sweynheim and Pannartz,
ii. 368

Masuccio, quoted for the corruptions of the Roman Church, i. 458
_note_ 2, iv. 180, 181 (cp. v. 499);
for the Italian ideas of honour, 486 _note_ 2;
his style modelled on the Decameron, iv. 136, 178;
character of his language, 179;
comparison between Masuccio, Boccaccio, and Sacchetti, 179;
his aristocratic feeling, 179;
his earnestness, 180;
his art, 181;
superior in moral feeling to Boccaccio, 183;
alluded to by Pulci, 255 _note_ 1

Matarazzo, cited, i. 22, 158 _note_ 1, 225;
his account of Grifonetto Baglioni's massacre of his kinsmen, 123;
of the misgovernment of the Baglioni, 130;
cited for the spread of syphilis from Charles's army, 567 _note_ 1;
his testimony to the welcome of the French by the common people in
Italy, 583 _note_ 2;
on the comeliness of person of Astorre Baglioni, ii. 31;
great value of his work, iv. 177;
said to be identical with Francesco Maturanzio, 183 _note_ 3

Mattasala di Spinello dei Lambertini, his accounts of expenditure,
an early memorial of the Sienese dialect, iv. 35

Matteo, and Bonino, da Campione. (_See_ Campione, Matteo and Bonino.)

Matteo da Civitale. (_See_ Civitale, Matteo da.)

Matthaeus, Johannes, his verses upon the death of Navagero, ii. 488

Maturanzio, Francesco, said to be identical with Matarazzo, iv. 183
_note_ 3

Mauro, a member of the _Vignajuoli_ Academy at Rome, ii. 366, v. 357;
his _Capitoli_, v. 365

Maximilian I., the Emperor, i. 100, v. 301;
his relations with Charles VIII., i. 542;
betrothed to Bianca, niece of Lodovico Sforza, 544 _note_ 1;
joins the League of Venice against Charles, 576

Maximus, Pacificus, his Poems, ii. 519

Mazochi, Jacopo, his collection of Roman Inscriptions, ii. 429

Mazzocchi del Bondeno, Giovanni, the first publisher of the _Orlando
Furioso_, iv. 497

Mazzola, Francesco. (_See_ Parmigianino.)

Mazzoni, Guido (Il Modanino), his _Pieta_ in terra cotta in Monte
Oliveto, Naples, ii. 365, iii. 163

Medicean Library, its foundation, i. 21, ii. 174

Medici, the, i. 88;
their patronage of art, 80;
disputed question of its nature, iii. 263, iv. 39;
their tyranny partly produced by political exhaustion, i. 82;
supported by the people, 87, ii. 171, 316, 317, iv. 385;
their rise to power, i. 114, 228-231;
their expulsion, 222;
are restored, 223, 314;
their contest with the Albizzi, 227 _note_ 1, ii. 167, 170, iv. 176;
their policy, i. 228, 282, ii. 165, 167, 312, 317, iii. 264, iv. 385;
foundation of the Medicean interests in Rome, i. 404, ii. 315;
raised above common tyrants by their love of culture, ii. 33;
have the _fleurs de lys_ of France conferred on them by Louis XI.,
iv. 405

Medici, Alessandro de', Duke of Civita di Penna, i. 231;
murdered by his cousin Lorenzino, 170, 223, 277, 287, 468, ii. 317,
iii. 438, v. 118, 381 _note_ 1;
poisons his cousin Ippolito, i. 277, v. 358, 381 _note_ 1;
leaves Florence, i. 286, iii. 414;
accused by the Florentines before Charles V., 232, 280, 298;
protects Cellini from the consequences of a homicide, iii. 458;
the story that he had Berni poisoned, v. 358;
Averardo de', i. 212 _note_ 1;
Catherine de', her marriage to the Duke of Orleans, 287;
Clarice de', wife of Filippo Strozzi, 286;
Cosimo de' (the elder), his return to Florence, iv. 259;
his policy at Florence, i. 87, 102, 155, 212, 228, ii. 312, iii. 438;
Guicciardini's critique of his taxation, i. 305;
the impersonation of his age, 492, ii. 168, 170, iii. 228, 262, 325;
his regret that he had not built more, ii. 38, 172;
his patronage of letters, 165, 168, 173, 177, 225;
subtlety of his character, 169;
his cruelty, 170;
sums spent by him in building, 171, 172;
consults Pope Eugenius as to how he should make restitution for his
ill-gotten gains, 172;
builds the Library of S. Giorgio at Venice during his exile, 173;
his Libraries at Florence, i. 21, ii. 174-176, iii. 263;
his versatility of talent, ii. 176;
his political cynicism expressed by his sayings, 19, 177;
founds the Academy of Florence, 177, 207, v. 272;
his conversations with Gemistos, ii. 207;
rejects Brunelleschi's plans for the Casa Medici, iii. 76;
said to have instigated the poisoning of Il Burchiello, iv. 260;
Cosimo de' (first Grand Duke), i. 223, 229;
his elevation due to Guicciardini, 280, 300;
diverts the Florentines from commerce, 186 _note_ 1;
his petty, meddling character, iii. 476;
Ferrando de', his marriage to Cristina of Lorraine, iv. 325;
Giovanni de' (_see_ Leo X.);
Giovanni de' (delle Bande Nere), his friendship with Aretino, v. 390;
his death, 391;
Giuliano de' (the elder), assassination of, i. 168 _note_ 1,
396-398, iv. 401 _note_ 1, 406;
his love for Simonetta la Bella, iv. 374, 403, 420;
his Tournament, 403;
Giuliano de', Duke of Nemours, i. 184, ii. 314;
refuses the Duchy of Urbino, i. 438;
his Pageant of the Golden Age. iv. 396-398;
his tomb at San Lorenzo, i. 314, 319, iii. 415;
Cardinal Giulio de' (_see_ Clement VII.);
Cardinal Ippolito de', leaves Florence, i. 286, iii. 414;
founds a club for the study of Vitruvius at Rome, ii. 366;
said to have maintained three hundred poets, 405;
poisoned by his cousin Alessandro, i. 277, v. 358, 381 _note_ 1;
portraits of him by Titian and Pontormo, ii. 27;
the story that he had Berni poisoned, v. 358;
Lorenzino de', assassinates his cousin Alessandro, i. 170, 223,
277, 287, 468, iii. 438, v. 118, 381 _note_ 1;
his Apology, i. 468, v. 517;
murdered by Bibboni, i. 480 _note_ 3;
Cellini's character of him, iii. 463;
his comedy, the _Aridosio_, v. 182;
Lorenzo de' (brother of Cosimo the elder), patronises Marsuppini,
ii. 187;
Lorenzo de', the Magnificent, his suspicious temper, i. 119;
his appropriation of public moneys, 305;
Guicciardini's character of him, 308;
describes Rome to his son Giovanni as 'the sink of all vices,' 421
(cp. v. 190), v. 274;
attempt on his life, i. 397 _note_ 2;
balance of power created by him in Italy, 404 _note_ 2, 538, 544,
ii. 315, iv. 368;
his character the type of the Renaissance, i. 504, 505, 523, ii.
321, iv. 384;
recalls Savonarola to Florence, i. 521;
his dying interview with Savonarola, 523, iv. 384;
universality of his genius, ii. 10, 320;
transfers the High School of Florence to Pisa, 122;
his policy, ii. 315, iii. 264, iv. 369, 386;
without commercial talent, ii. 317;
the true view of his character, 318, iv. 39, 387;
literary society gathered round him, ii. 322;
his love of the vernacular literature, 393, iv. 3, 236, 370, v. 508;
has a monument erected to Filippo Lippi, iii. 247;
his character typically Florentine, iv. 371;
wins the prize of valour at a tournament in 1468, 405;
his taste for buffoonery, 430 _note_ 2;
Ariosto's character of him in the satires, 516;
character of his poems, 371, 372;
his _Lauds_, 302, 384;
his sacred drama, _S. Giovanni e Paolo_, 320, 324, 384;
his treatment of love, 373-375;
the Sonnet to Venus and that to the Evening Star translated, 373;
analytical character of his genius, 377;
the _Selve d'Amore_, 376-380;
passages translated, 376-380;
use of the _ottava rima_ in the _Selve_, 379;
the _Corinto_, 379;
passage translated, 380;
the _Ambra_, 380;
the _Nencia da Barberino_ and other rustic poems, 381, v. 223;
the _Beoni_, iv. 172, 382;
his _Canzoni a Ballo_, 385-388;
his _Canti Carnascialeschi_, 388-392 (cp. i. 461);
the Song of Bacchus and Ariadne translated, 390;
said to have originated this form of composition, 388, v. 355;
Lorenzo de' (nephew of Leo X.), made Duke of Urbino by Leo, i. 322,
438, ii. 420, iv. 396;
advised by Filippo Strozzi to make himself Duke of Florence, 286;
Machiavelli's _Prince_ dedicated to him, 319;
Maddalena de', married to Franceschetto, son of Innocent VIII., 404;
Piero de' (_Il Gottosa_), ii. 313;
Piero de' (the younger), i. 305;
his cowardly surrender of the Tuscan fortresses, 525, 559;
his relation to the Orsini, 543;
inclines to friendship with Naples, 543;
his weak and foolish character, i. 544;
driven out by the Florentines, 559, iii. 389

Melanchthon, the pupil of Reuchlin, ii. 208, 210

Melozzo da Forli, his picture of Sixtus IV. among his Cardinals, i.
384 _note_ 1, iii. 236 _note_ 1;
his picture of Frederick, Duke of Urbino, and his Court, ii. 304,
iii. 236 _note_ 1;
the pupil of Piero della Francesca, iii. 235

Melzi, Francesco, the scholar of Lionardo da Vinci, iii. 484

Memling, comparison of his works with those of the Venetian masters,
iii. 361

Memmi, Simone. (_See_ Martini, Simone.)

Merula, quoted for the justice of Azzo Visconti, i. 83 _note_ 1

Messina Cathedral, the, marble panellings in, iii. 79 _note_ 3;
Montorsoli's fountain, 177

Metres, the question why different nations have adopted different
metres, iv. 24;
the Italian hendecasyllabic, 24 _note_ 1 (_see_ Appendix i.);
the _ottava rima_ popularised by Boccaccio's _Teseide_, 118;
use of the _ottava rima_ by Lorenzo de' Medici and Poliziano, 379,
382, 403;
of the _terza rima_ in _Capitoli_ and Satires, 519;
vicissitudes of the _terza rima_ after Dante, 172;
employment of the _terza rima_ in the sixteenth century, v. 367;
originality of the Italian metrical systems, 510

Michelet, quoted, i. 10;
his formula of the Discovery of World and Man, 15 _note_ 1 (cp. v.
526);
his remark that the French alone understood Italy, criticised, 585;
his description of the building of Brunelleschi's Dome at Florence,
iii. 67

Michelotti, Biordo, murder of, i. 123, 148 _note_ 2

Michelozzo, his work as an architect, ii. 440;
builds the Riccardi Palace at Florence, iii. 76;
employed by Cosimo de' Medici, 263

Middle Ages, their ignorance, i. 6, 13, 20, 24;
the beauty of nature unappreciated in the middle ages, 13;
progress effected by the middle ages, 6, 7;
conception of life in, 10, 13, 14, iv. 289, v. 454, 455, 456;
memories of antiquity in the middle ages, ii. 52;
character of the middle ages illustrated from the Faust Legend, 53;
low state of scholarship in the middle ages, 58 foll.;
materialism and mysticism of the middle ages, iii. 9;
architecture the pre-eminent art of the middle ages, 10;
uncompromising Christianity of the middle ages, 26;
medieval prepossession with death, hell, and judgment, i. 13, iii.
198, 201, iv. 74, v. 454, 471;
medieval ideas of the claims of the Church illustrated by paintings
of the _Triumph of Thomas_, iii. 205-210;
medieval theories of government illustrated by Lorenzetti's
frescoes at Siena, 210-214;
allegory in the middle ages, iv. 74, 81;
the _fabliaux_ of the middle ages, 107;
satire in the middle ages, 108;
treatment of women by medieval authors, 212;
types of womanhood created by medieval authors, 352;
abandonment of scholasticism for the humanities, v. 450, 457;
medieval speculation never divorced from theology, 457

Milan, greatness of, under the rule of the Bishops, i. 53, 58, 59;
heads the league against Frederick, 64, 81;
becomes the centre of the Ghibelline party, 81;
hostility of Milan and Piacenza, 151, 162 _note_ 1, 212;
luxury of Milan, v. 68 _note_ 3;
corruption of the Milanese Court, i. 326, 548 _note_ 1, 554, v. 191;
early printers of Greek at Milan, ii. 375;
the wealth of Milan due to the Naviglio Grande, iii. 41;
share of Milan in the development of Italian literature, iv. 364

---- Duomo, the, built by the Visconti, i. 141, iii. 42;
German influence in its design, iii. 50;
its merits and defects, illustrating the character of Italian
Gothic, 57;
S. Eustorgio, chapel of S. Peter Martyr, terra-cotta work in, iii.
79, 151;
shrine, 123;
S. Gottardo, the tower, i. 133 _note_ 2, iii. 42;
S. Maurizio Maggiore, Luini's frescoes, iii. 485-487 (cp. v. 62)

Milan: Hospital, the, iii. 59, 77

Milton, his eulogy of the Italian Academies, ii. 367;
his indebtedness in _Lycidas_ to Renaissance Latin verse, 490 (cp.
497 _note_ 2);
compared with Michelangelo, iii. 388;
comparison of his epics with the _Italia Liberata_ of Trissino, v. 308;
his description (in the _Areopagitica_) of the decay of Italian
learning, 480;
his conception of the poet's vocation in opposition to Italian
ideas, 521

Minerbi, his Vocabulary of Boccaccio's Diction, v. 254 _note_ 1

Mino da Fiesole, his work as a sculptor in Italian churches, iii. 78
_note_ 1;
delicacy and purity of his work, 152 (cp. iv. 66);
his skill in character portraits, iii. 158

Minorite Friars, the, their denunciation of Beccadelli's
_Hermaphroditus_, ii. 256;
their attacks on Valla, 261, 263

Miracle plays, exhibition of, in the Trevisan Marches, iv. 15, 306;
rarity of, in medieval Italy, 306;
their place supplied by the _Divozioni_ and the _Sacre
Rappresentazioni_, 307

Mirandola, Alberto Pico della, murder of, ii. 423;
Galeazzo Pico della, (1) died under excommunication, i. 133 _note_ 1;
(2) murders his uncle, Giovanni Francesco, 119 _note_ 2, ii. 423;
Galeotto Pico della, ii. 422;
Giovanni Francesco Pico della, the biographer of Savonarola, i.
520, ii. 36, 423;
his description of the effect of Savonarola's preaching, i. 511;
his belief in Savonarola's gift of prophecy, 512 _note_ 1;
his account of the dying interview of Lorenzo de' Medici with
Savonarola, 523 _note_ 1;
influence of Savonarola upon him, ii. 423;
his address on the Reformation of the Church, 423;
his friendship with Northern scholars, 423;
murdered by his nephew, i. 119 _note_ 2, ii. 423;
Lodovico Pico della, ii. 422;
Pico della, on the expulsion of the Jews by Ferdinand, i. 401;
his attempt to fuse Christianity and ancient philosophy, 171, 456,
ii. 470, iii. 35, v. 452, 453;
the friend of Savonarola, i. 520;
his apology for the schoolmen, ii. 333, v. 450;
universality of his genius, ii. 10;
in common with the rest of his age did not comprehend Plato's
system, v. 452;
his 'Oration on the Dignity of Man' quoted, ii. 48;
his influence on Italian thought, 207;
value of his labours, v. 453;
one of the circle gathered round Lorenzo de' Medici, ii. 322, 329;
description of him by Poliziano, 329;
his portrait in the Uffizi Gallery, 330;
his devotion to learning, 330, 523;
his great memory, 331;
condemned for heresy on account of his 900 theses, 332;
his ideal of knowledge, 332;
studies the Cabbala, 334;
his attack on astrology, 335;
his contempt for mere style, 526;
his Latin correspondence, 532;
preferred Lorenzo de' Medici to Petrarch as a poet, iv. 236

Miscomini, Antonio, an early printer at Florence, ii. 369

Modena, verses sung by the soldiers on guard against the Huns there,
iv. 12 (cp. Appendix i.)

Molza, Francesco Maria, facts of his life, v. 225-228;
a member of the Roman Academy, ii. 361;
of the _Vignajuoli_, 366, v. 357;
patronized by Ippolito de' Medici, ii. 405;
sides with Caro in his quarrel with Castelvetro, v. 286;
his correspondence with Aretino, 410 _note_ 1;
his Latin poems, ii. 488-490, v. 228;
passage translated (in prose), 489;
his _Decamerone_, v. 60;
Molza as an Italian poet, 228-234;
the _Ninfa Tiberina_, 225, 229;
illustrated by contemporary art, 229;
Molza's use of the octave stanza, 230;
analysis of the poem, 230-234;
translations, 231, 232, 233;
the _Capitoli_, 284, 364

Molza, Tarquinia, granddaughter of the poet, v. 288

Monaldeschi, the Chronicler, quoted, i. 252

Monarchy: why Italy did not become a monarchy, i. 92-95

Montaigne, entertained by Veronica Franco at Venice in 1580, v. 288

Montalcino, his execution, v. 478

Montanini, the, at Siena, v. 99

Montano, the Bolognese scholar, i. 165

Montaperti, battle of, iii. 214

Monte Labbate, Conte di, his letter to Pompeo Pace, describing the
influence exercised by Aretino, v. 402 _note_ 2

Montefalco, Gozzoli's frescoes, iii. 242

Montefeltro, the House of, i. 110, 375;
members of this family become Condottieri, 161

---- Agnesina da, mother of Vittoria Colonna, v. 289;
Frederick da, Duke of Urbino, the suspicion of his legitimacy, i. 102;
his life and character, 174-181;
receives the Garter from Henry VII., 181;
his library, ii. 304;
the picture of him and his Court by Melozzo da Forli, 304, iii.
236 _note_ 1;
his portrait by Piero della Francesca, iii. 235;
Giovanna da, daughter of Frederick, Duke of Urbino, married to
Giovanni della Rovere, i. 182 _note_ 2, 393. ii. 419;
Guidobaldo da, Duke of Urbino, his character and accomplishments,
i. 181-182;
receives the Garter from Henry VII., ii. 420;
Bembo's Dialogue in praise of him, 412;
Oddo Antonio da, murder of, i. 121

Montemurlo, battle of, i. 287

Montesecco, Giambattista, his share in the Pazzi Conspiracy, i. 397, 398

Montferrat, the House of, i. 52, 57, 110, 146 _note_ 1

_Monti_, the, names for successive governments at Siena, i. 35, 207,
616, ii. 164, iii. 212 _note_ 1

Montorsoli, Gian Angelo, follower of Michelangelo, iii. 172;
his fountain at Messina, 177

Monza, battle of, i. 161

Morando, Benedetto, his quarrel with Valla, ii. 242

Morello, Il, iii. 503

Morena, Ottone, his Chronicle of Milan, i. 251

Morone, Giovanni, his friendship with Vittoria Colonna, v. 292

Morone, Girolamo, his intrigue with the Marquis of Pescara, v. 290

Moroni, Giovanni Battista, his genius in portrait-painting, iii. 503
(cp. v. 278)

Morosini, Paolo, his consolatory letter to Filelfo on the death of
his wife, ii. 287

Mosca, his statuary at Orvieto, iii. 56

Mucchio da Lucca, his Sonnet on Dante, iv. 162

Museum, Capitol, foundation of the, ii. 431;
Vatican, foundation of the, 431;
description of the sculptures there by a Venetian envoy, 434-436

Music: the development of music, iii. 36;
music the essentially modern art, 37;
difference between Italian and German music, v. 516

Mussato, Albertino, his _Eccerinis_, v. 117 _note_ 1;
cited for the traditional reverence of Livy at Padua, iv. 12

Mussi, his Milanese annals, i. 81

Musurus, Marcus, the assistant of Aldo Manuzio, ii. 378;
a member of the Aldine Academy, 386;
his knowledge of Latin, 386 _note_ 2;
made Bishop of Malvasia, 402;
lectures in Leo's Gymnasium at Rome, 427