Chapter III: Part 3

_Saxicola œnanthe_, Wheatear.--Spring, 1884: March 19th, Farn L.H., first. Hanois L.H., Guernsey, 28th and 30th, midnight, many round lantern; April 7th, many during morning in two's and three's, to W.; 18th and 21st, the same. Farn Islands and Teesmouth, May 3rd to 17th, many going S.E. to N.W. Autumn: Farn L.H., between August 6th first, to Redcar, Oct. 26th last, great migration along the coast between these dates, from north to south, both of home birds and others which had crossed the North Sea. Spurn, Sept. 13th, "rush," many all day; last Wheatear seen in Great Cotes marshes, near the Humber, on November 7th. Heligoland, August 1st and 3rd, a few; 5th, twenty or so, and then a considerable migration to the 22nd, when the movement for the time ceased, commencing again on the 27th, and was continued through September to the 19th; the first old birds on October 3rd, and again some young on the 12th, when the passage appears to have ceased. Immense numbers covered the island on the 12th of Sept. and three following days, wind E.S.E., clear and fine.

_S. stapazina_, Black-throated Wheatear.--Heligoland, Oct. 2nd, one, probable, not obtained.

_Pratincola rubetra_, Whinchat.--No English notes. Heligoland, August 15th, some on cliff; 17th, great numbers; 18th and 19th, the same, and on to the end of the month, through September to the 18th, when the migration ceased; astounding numbers with others on the 14th and 15th Sept.

_P. rubicola_, Stonechat.--Spurn, August 29th, considerable immigration of young birds; Sept. 26th, many old. In North-east Lincolnshire we have had a sprinkling of old birds about the sheep-folds in turnip fields all through the winter.

_Ruticilla phœnicurus_, Redstart.--Spring: Farn Islands, April 7th, one; 29th, S.E., many. Malmo, Sweden, May 5th, two or three in garden. Autumn: Spurn, Aug. 25th, first, to Thanet, Oct. 5th, last on passage up coast; rushes on Sept. 4th, 11th, 12th, and 17th. Heligoland, August 11th, first, young birds; enormous passage on 20th and 21st, easterly, hot and fine; through September, and an astounding rush from the 12th to the 15th; last, Oct. 1st and 2nd.

_R. titys_, Black Redstart.--One, as reported by Mr. Gurney, shot at Blakeney, about the middle of October, by Mr. Seebohm. Heligoland, Oct. 23rd, some; 25th, less. Three to four weeks later in migration than Common Redstart.

_Cyanecula suecica_, Arctic Bluethroat.--Cley and Blakeney (as observed by Mr. F. D. Power), September 8th, W.N.W., one; 11th, E. to N.N.E., one shot showing red spot fairly well; 12th, E. to N., eighty to one hundred, also many Redstarts,--examples obtained were immature, and in the proportion of six males to one female; 13th, E.N.E., about four dozen left on banks; 15th, E., eight or ten; 16th, S.E., and later N.E., four or five. Spurn, Sept. 15th, two seen, one shot; 18th, three shot and others seen. Isle of Thanet, Sept. 15th, two seen on some arable land by Lord Clifton. Heligoland, Aug. 31st, some young; Sept. 1st and 3rd, pretty numerous; 9th and 10th, very many; 11th and 12th, very great numbers, and less to 18th; 19th and 20th, many. It is interesting to compare these dates with the arrival on the English coast.

_Erithacus rubecula_, Redbreast.--Spring: Farn Islands, March 11th, several. Longstone L.H., April 28th, E.N.E., two. Autumn: At several stations between the Farns and mouth of Thames; first at Shipwash L.V. August 14th, large numbers at noon to W.; the last at Hasborough L.V., Nov. 12th, one at night on deck. Heligoland, Sept. 19th, a few; 21st, great many, and on to the end of month, and at intervals through October to November 12th, rush, if any, Oct. 12th. Migration appears to have ceased at the same date both on English coast and at Heligoland.

_Sylvia cinerea_, Whitethroat.--Heligoland, Aug. 19th, young, the first, very red; 21st and 23rd, a few; Sept. 11th, some.

_S. atricapilla_, Blackcap.--Spring: Farn L.H. April 29th, several. Autumn: Thanet, Sept. 3rd to 5th. Heligoland, Oct. 12th, a few.

_S. hortensis_, Garden Warbler.--Spring: Malmo, Sweden, May 14th. Autumn: Thanet, Sept, 3rd to 13th. Spurn L.H., 17th, S.E., one struck and killed, several seen on following day; many Redstarts, Pied Flycatchers, and Bluethroats, also arriving on night of 17th. Heligoland, Aug. 27th, a few (no _curruca_); Sept. 1st and 9th.

_S. nisoria_, Barred Warbler.--Spurn, Aug. 28th, one, a female of the year, obtained by Mr. Slater (See 'Zoologist, 1884, p. 489). Cley, Norfolk, Sept. 4th, N.E., one, which was also an immature female, shot by Mr. F. D. Power.[29]

[Footnote 29: This makes the third occurrence of the Barred Warbler in the British Isles. The first is recorded near Cambridge by Professor Newton, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1879, p. 219.]

_Regulus cristatus_, Goldcrest.--Spring: One recorded from Spurn, Coquet, and Farn Islands, last fortnight in March, and at the Longstone L.H., one on April 28th. Autumn: First at Redcar, August 28th, and last at Great Cotes, early morning of Nov. 22nd, N.E., blowing strong on previous night; the migration covering eighty-seven days, and extending over the whole coast between the Farn Islands and Hanois L.H., Guernsey. Bushes took place on August 14th, Sept. 27th to 30th, Oct. 21st to 22nd, and Nov. 16th. At Hanois L.H., Sept. 30th, from 2 a.m., the windows of the lantern were crowded with Goldcrests. On Oct. 21st and 22nd, great numbers each night round the lanterns of Dudgeon and Leman and Ower L.V.'s, wind S.S.E., and on Nov. 16th many during night round the lantern of Hanois L.H. Malmo, Sweden, Sept. 22nd, in flocks, but only remained one day. Heligoland, Oct. 3rd, great many; 8th, many during afternoon, and at intervals to 25th; greatest number on 12th and 25th Oct.; migration very small compared with the English coast. Great Cotes, March 8th, 1885, Goldcrests on return migration to coast.

_R. ignicapillus_, Firecrest.--Heligoland, Oct. 25th, some.

_Phylloscopus rufus_, Chiffchaff.--The earliest spring occurrence is Haileybury College, March 17th, four Chiffchaffs and two Willow Wrens. Autumn: Spurn, August 25th, two. Heligoland, Sept. 15th, commencing, and a few at intervals to Oct. 25th.

_P. trochilus_, Willow Wren.--Isle of Thanet, July 31st, on autumn passage. Spurn, August 20th to Sept. 10th, constantly in small numbers, working southward up the coast. Heligoland, Aug. 4th, young pretty numerous, and at intervals to Sept. 18th; rushes August 17th and 21st; Sept. 10th to 15th, very great numbers.

_P. sibilatrix_, Wood Wren.--Thanet, Aug. 5th to 30th, on passage.

_Hypolais icterina_, Icterine Warbler.--Cley, Norfolk, Sept. 11th, E. to N.N.E., one obtained by Mr. F. D. Power. Heligoland, Aug. 18th, S.E., with Pied Flycatchers and Whinchats, numbers.

_Acrocephalus phragmitis_, Sedge Warbler.--Spurn L.H., Aug. 21st, three struck and two killed at midnight; from Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th is noted, by Mr. Slater, as the commonest of the Warblers there, found amongst _Scirpus maritimus_ and in every ditch. Heligoland, Aug. 11th, some.

_Locustella nævia_, Grasshopper Warbler.--Heligoland, Sept. 10th, S.E., slight, a few, with a crowd of Pied Flycatchers, Willow Wrens, Redstarts, Bluethroats, Ortolan Buntings, Blue-headed Yellow Wagtails, Tree and Meadow Pipits, Wheatears, and Whinchats.

_Accentor modularis_, Hedgesparrow.--Spurn, Aug. 20th, and through September abundant at intervals. Tees L.V., 21st, two, with a Linnet, Redbreast and Titlark on board, leaving to N.W. at 7 a.m. Spurn and Great Cotes, 23rd to 26th, swarming. Heligoland, Sept. 18th, some, the first; 21st and 30th, pretty numerous; at intervals in October to 24th.

_Acredula rosea_, British Long-tailed Titmouse.--Thanet, Oct. 15th, "one flock, the only one seen this autumn." Redcar, Oct. 22nd, 6.30 a.m., flock of twenty to S.W.

_Parus major_ and _cæruleus_, Great Titmouse and Blue Titmouse.--Great Cotes, Sept. 15th and 18th, both very plentiful. Redcar, Nov. 15th, S.E., moderate, a few Blue Tits. None over Heligoland this autumn, which is somewhat remarkable; the same applies to _Parus ater_.

_Troglodytes parvulus_, Wren.--Spring: Farn Islands, through March to April 3rd, several. Spurn, 27th, 6 p.m., two. Outer Dowsing L.V., May 12th, four on board. Autumn: Shipwash L.V., Aug. 14th, large numbers, with Redstarts, at noon to W.N.W. Flamborough L.H., Aug. 19th, 11.30 p.m., Wrens and Wheatears, six or eight struck. Some observed at Spurn, Outer Dowsing, Hasbro', and Shipwash, L.VS., in September. Are last recorded at Hanois L.V., Oct. 24th, 1 a.m., S.S.E., Wrens round lantern; and a single bird on the 26th at the Cockle L.V. Heligoland, Oct. 2nd, pretty numerous; 3rd, great many; 7th, less; 8th, in afternoon, many; 21st, some; 25th, great many.

_Motacilla alba_, White Wagtail.--Heligoland, Aug. 23rd, pretty many young; Sept. 30th, some; Oct. 3rd, old birds.

_M. lugubris_, Pied Wagtail.--Spring: Farn L.H., March 8th, a pair. Whitby L.H., 16th, the first seen, at daylight. Tees L.V., 24th, four to N.W. Coquet L.H., April 6th, a pair. Autumn: Spurn, Sept. 1st, flock of about sixty. Heligoland, Oct. 16th, one.

_M. melanope_, Grey Wagtail.--Thanet, Aug. 29th, first seen. Spurn, a few during September. Great Cotes, Sept. 11th, young birds swarming in bean-fields;[30] 27th, some. October, old birds very plentiful.

[Footnote 30: Bean-fields near the coast are always a very favourite haunt in the early autumn of the soft-billed insect-feeders. I have frequently at this season found such places swarming with various Warblers, Wagtails, and Pipits, the situation affording the very best cover as well as an abundance of food in the numerous insects and their larvæ which infest the bean plant in its latter growth.]

_M. flava_, Blue-headed Yellow Wagtail.--Thanet, Aug. 16th, 5 p.m., one. Heligoland, Aug. 21st, a few for some days past, and at intervals to the end of the month; immense numbers between the 10th and 15th of September; 16th to 18th, less; and afterwards still less up to the 30th.

_Anthus pratensis_, Meadow Pipit.--Spring: Farn L.H., April 2nd, 10 a.m. to noon, S.S.E., flocks going west. Autumn: Cley, Norfolk, Sept. 17th, great arrival. Spurn and North-east Lincolnshire, 23rd to 26th, immense numbers, turnip and potato fields crowded. Farn L.H., Dec. 14th, large flock to S.W. Heligoland, Sept. 4th, hundreds of thousands, all in great haste, the rest of the month a great many each day; very large number in October, from the 1st to the 12th, and then less up to the 25th; the last on Nov. 16th.

_A. cervinus_, Red-throated Pipit.--Heligoland, Sept. 15th, two or three seen and heard by C. Aückens, the Heligoland birdstuffer; 16th, one shot; 18th, one shot, a young bird, another heard; 19th, two shot, more seen; 20th, three seen; Sept. 30th and Oct. 1st and 12th, one each day.

_A. trivialis_, Tree Pipit.--Spurn, Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th, common. Thanet, Sept. 3rd to 14th. Heligoland, Aug. 16th, a few, the first, and at intervals to end of month; from Sept. 4th to 14th, very great numbers; particularly on the 12th, 13th, and 14th, enormous numbers passing, then in less numbers to the end of the month; Oct. 1st and 2nd, still a few.

_A. campestris_, Tawny Pipit.--Heligoland, Sept. 4th, E.S.E., strong, one, came with the great rush of _A. pratensis_ and _trivialis_.

_A. richardi_, Richard's Pipit.--Heligoland, Sept. 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 25th, Oct. 3rd and 6th, one each day; Oct. 12th, two.

_A. obscurus_, Rock Pipit.--Spurn, Sept. 27th, in pairs, passing southward. Cley, Norfolk, October, 3rd week, about 400 seen by Mr. Gurney. Yarmouth, November, last week, great many, eighteen caught alive in clap-nets. The main body pass south up the coast during the last fortnight in October. Heligoland, _A. rupestris_ (Nilsson), Sept. 9th, a few; Oct. 9th to 14th, and last on 19th; greatest numbers on Oct. 11th, 12th, and 19th.

_Lanius excubitor_, Great Grey Shrike.--Spurn, Oct. 8th and Nov. 30th, one each day. Near Brigg, Lincolnshire, Oct. 18th, one. Thanet, Nov. 20th, 3.30 p.m., N.W., wet and windy, one. Heligoland, Oct. 6th, one; 15th, three; 22nd, one. Cromer, March 23rd, 1885, one shot, close by was a Hedgesparrow it had suspended (J. H. G.).

_L. major_, Pallas's Great Grey Shrike.--Heligoland, Sept. 17th, one; 30th, two; Oct. 11th, one; 12th, one; 16th, one, very fine example; 22nd, ten or twelve, six caught; Nov. 4th, one.

_L. collurio_, Red-backed Shrike.--Heligoland, Aug. 23rd, a few young birds; one, an immature bird, shot in Holderness on Aug. 19th.

_Muscicapa grisola_, Spotted Flycatcher.--Numerous entries in the schedules of "Flycatchers," a general name for all the small insect-feeders; it is impossible to pick out those which refer to this species exclusively. Heligoland, Aug. 21st, some, the first, and sparingly in September to the 17th.

_M. atricapilla_, Pied Flycatcher.--Spring: Malmo, Sweden, May 6th, two. Autumn: Thanet, Aug. 10th, first; Sept. 10th, swarmed; 30th, last seen. Spurn, Sept. 4th, first. Cley, Norfolk, the same date, one shot, another seen. Great Cotes, Sept. 13th E., first seen. Spurn, 17th, great many. Heligoland, Aug. 10th, some, the first; 11th, 12th, 13th, and 17th, pretty numerous; and an enormous rush, 18th to 21st; again, from the 10th to the 15th of September, in marvellous numbers; less to 18th, when migration ceased.

_Hirundo rustica_, Swallow.--Spring: Hanois L.H., April 7th, two, Flamborough and Whitby on the 8th, and Farn Islands on the 9th, a gradual movement north, at the rate of 150 English miles a day. Malmo, Sweden, first, on April 21st. Great numbers were observed at Hanois L.H., passing north up to May 11th; and at the Tees L.V., on the 8th, 9th, 11th, and 17th of May, large numbers all day from S.E. to N.W. Languard L.H., June 21st, a flock too numerous to count. Autumn: Tees L.V., July 1st, six, at 9.30 p.m., came on board and remained all night. From the middle of August and throughout September Swallows were passing south up the coast in parties of five to fifteen, and at Spurn, on Sept. 26th, 27th, 28th, continuous each day by two's and three's. In North-east Lincolnshire, some on Nov. 3rd. The last reported is from the Farn Islands, a single bird, on Nov. 8th. Heligoland, Sept. 4th, astounding numbers.

_Chelidon urbica_, Martin.--Spring: Outer Dowsing L.V., May 12th, four to W. Languard L.H., July 16th, all day, far too numerous to count. Heligoland, Sept. 3rd, 10 p.m., great many; 4th, astounding numbers.

_Cotile riparia_, Sand Martin.--Spring: Malmo, Sweden, May 14th, first. Autumn: Spurn, Aug. 25th, one; 26th, three; 27th, hundreds, after this in less numbers to Sept. 3rd; 26th, 27th, and 28th, still a few, with Swallows, each day to the south. Heligoland, October 1st, in great haste passing on.

_Carduelis elegans_, Goldfinch.--Orfordness L.H., Jan. 12th, 1885, flock of fifteen to twenty, one caught. Heligoland, Nov. 28th, 29th, 30th, some, with the great rush of Greenfinches; Siskin (_Chry. spinus_), Nov. 1st, some.

_Ligurinus chloris_, Greenfinch.--Great Cotes, Oct. 7th, great many in flocks. Immense numbers crossed Heligoland between the 28th of November and 26th of December: "Enormous numbers all the month, more than ever seen before." The greatest flights, Nov. 28th to 30th and Dec. 20th to 26th. Unusually large numbers are recorded by Mr. J. H. Gurney ['Zoologist,' 1885, p. 150], about Norwich and also about Brighton in the winter of 1884-5.

_Coccothraustes vulgaris_, Hawfinch.--Inner Dowsing L.V., Oct. 22nd, 4 p.m., "one on board, and then to W." This is the third year in succession that this species has occurred at this station. In 1882, on Oct. 20th, two on board all night; and in 1883, on Nov. 2nd, one struck the lantern.

_Passer domesticus_, House Sparrow.--Spring: Outer Dowsing L.V., April 9th, six on board. In the autumn great numbers are recorded at stations between the Tees L.V. and Hanois L.H., Guernsey, between Sept. 9th and Nov. 25th, the bulk crossing south of the Humber; rush, Oct. 14th and 15th, and on to the 19th. Shipwash L.V., Oct. 14th, large numbers to W.N.W. Kentish Knock L.V., 15th, all day, "hundreds on board, many dropping into the sea." Goodwin L.V., 15th, 21st, and 25th, shoals. Hanois L.V., 18th, 9 to 12 a.m., flocks, thirty to forty, to south; and many other notices too numerous to mention. Heligoland, Aug. 21st, a flight, the first; 22nd, the same; Sept. 30th, several great flights.

_P. montanus_, Tree Sparrow.--The migration covered the whole of the East coast, the bulk crossing south of the Humber. First recorded at Whitby L.H., Sept. 9th, immense flocks of both the Tree and Common Sparrow, and from this date up to Nov. 25th at the majority of the East coast stations, ten of them light-vessels. Rushes, Shipwash L.V., Oct. 15th, continuous all day. Leman and Ower L.V., Nov. 4th, 3 p.m., great numbers, E. to N.W., thirty coming on board. Great Cotes, 25th, flock of 500 to 600. Heligoland, Oct. 22nd, great many; Nov. 1st, smart migration.

_Fringilla cœlebs_, Chaffinch.--The migration is very extensive, and covers the whole of the East coast, the bulk, as in the two preceding cases, crossing south of the Humber. Through September and October immense numbers are recorded as crossing, the first flocks young of both sexes and old females; old cocks later. Rushes, Farn Islands, Oct. 16th. Orfordness L.H., 15th and 18th. Hasbro' L.V., 21st, all night. Farns and Hasbro' L.V., Nov. 2nd; also at Redcar, Nov. 20th, N.E., very stormy. Direction of flight W. to W.S.W. Heligoland, an immense migration at intervals, between Sept. 19th and Nov. 1st; great rushes, Sept. 29th, and Oct. 1st, 23rd, and 24th. On Feb. 22nd, 1885, very large flights in Great Cotes, marshes apparently composed entirely of the young of the previous year, the young cocks being in every stage of development to the mature summer plumage.

_Fringilla montifringilla_, Brambling.--Coast of Northumberland, Oct. 5th, first. Thanet, 20th, two; Nov. 11th, common; Dec. 3rd, first, in small flocks. Heligoland, Sept. 19th, a few, and at intervals to Nov. 30th; rushes on 23rd and 24th of Oct., S.E., clear; and Nov. 30th, southerly, with snow.

_Linota cannabina_, Linnet.--From Sept. 9th to the end of October in great numbers, far too numerous to separately record. The immense arrivals in the autumn appear to move gradually south up the coast, comparatively few lingering in North-east Lincolnshire after the completion of the stubble ploughing. Heligoland, Oct. 1st, some, and to Dec. 1st; rushes on Oct. 2nd, astounding numbers; 24th, very great many; and the three last days in November and first of December.

_L. rufescens_, Lesser Redpoll.--Heligoland, Nov. 22nd, one.

_L. flavirostris_, Twite.--Heligoland, Oct. 21st, flight, fifty to sixty; 23rd, pretty numerous; 24th and 30th, great many; Dec. 1st, many.

_Carpodacus erythrinus_, Rosy Bullfinch.--Heligoland, Sep. 9th, E.N.E., one, young.

_Pyrrhula europæa_, Bullfinch.--Spring: Tees L.V., March 15th, one to E.; April 3rd and 30th, one each night. Autumn: Same station, Oct. 8th, two; Nov. 25th, one.

_Loxia curvirostra_, Crossbill.--Heligoland, Aug. 16th, N., eleven.

_Emberiza miliaria_, Corn Bunting.--Heligoland, Oct. 25th, ten to twenty, "great many for this place;" Nov. 3rd, ten to fifteen. The Corn Bunting is always a very scarce migrant across Heligoland.

_E. citrinella_, Yellowhammer.--Heligoland, Oct. 12th, some; and a few at intervals to the 25th.

_E. hortulana_, Ortolan Bunting.--Cley, Norfolk, Sept. 12th, E. to N., one, an immature female, shot by Mr. F. D. Power. Heligoland, a very large migration, commencing August 16th, and continued to Sept. 19th; rushes on August 18th to 23rd and the 31st; Sept. 3rd, "a few fine old males"; 4th, great many, all in great haste, and on the 5th again old birds; Sept. 10th to 15th, enormous numbers, and then less to the 19th.

_E. pusilla_, Little Bunting.--Heligoland, Oct. 5th, N.E., fresh, two.

_E. schœniclus_, Reed Bunting.--On the Holderness, Lincolnshire and Norfolk coasts the arrival was very large in September and October; the migration commencing the first week in September. At Great Cotes, October 30th, still very numerous. Tees L.V., Oct. 15th, "three came on board, one remaining a week." Heligoland, Sept. 26th, "a few during last days;" Oct. 6th, some; 7th, many; 11th, very great many; 12th, astounding numbers; 14th, many; 15th, same; 21st to 25th, less; 30th, some. This very well represents the general order of migration at the island; first a few, then a rush for some days culminating in astounding numbers, after which there is a gradual falling away till the migration of that special species ceases altogether.

_Calcarius lapponicus_, Lapland Bunting.--Cley, Norfolk, Sept. 17th, N.E., one, a young male, obtained by Mr. F. D. Power. Great Cotes, Nov. 27th, one, a mature male ('Zoologist,' 1884, p. 484); Nov. 11th, one near Brighton, shown in the flesh to Mr. Gurney. Heligoland, Sept. 19th, a few; Oct. 3rd, a few; 7th, many; 12th and 16th, some.

_Plectrophanes nivalis_, Snow Bunting.--Spring: Farn L.H., March 11th, two on island; Longstone L.H., June 7th, one on rock. Autumn: Northumberland Coast, Sept. 15th, one shot; sparingly in October, at the more northern stations, and tolerably plentiful from Spurn to Yarmouth, in the latter half of November; rushes, Nov. 24th, 25th and 26th, into Humber district. Great Cotes, marshes, also at this date, Nov. 25th, sharp frost, Pink-footed Goose; great flights of Golden Plover, Snipe large numbers; immense flocks of Linnets, Greenfinches, Larks, Chaffinches and Tree Sparrows, fields covered; Nov. 26th, still sharp frost, scores of old male Blackbirds, fields swarming with small birds as before, with the addition of flights of newly-arrived Wood Pigeons, which appear a smaller race than our home-bred birds. All this time Snow Buntings, chiefly old birds. Tees L.V., Dec. 7th, 16th and 17th, large flocks to S.W. and N.W. Heligoland, Oct. 16th first; 29th, many; Nov. 5th, large flights; 29th, great many.

_Sturnus vulgaris_, Starling.--Spring: Spurn L.H., March 3rd, 3 a.m. to daybreak, misty, S.S.E., numbers round lantern. Outer Dowsing L.V., 16th, a flight; 17th, continuous noon to 5 p.m., going W.N.W. to E.S.E. Autumn: First at Whitby L.H. Sept. 2nd, great many for several days. Spurn, 20th, all day to S. Immense rushes in October more or less over the whole coast line, and during the latter half of the month almost continuous night and day. At Leman and Ower L.V., Oct. 24th, 5 p.m., 5000, S.E. to N.W., fifty killed. Coquet Island L.H., many round lantern all through November. Heligoland, in duration and number the migration probably exceeds that of any other species, commencing with young birds on June 28th, and continued at intervals to the end of the year; enormous numbers crossed between the 14th and 25th of October, especially on the 19th, "immense numbers;" 20th, "clouds of enormous numbers;" 21st, "astounding;" 22nd, "astounding flights like clouds passing on," and so on in less numbers to the end of the year.

_Pastor roseus_, Rose-coloured Pastor.--Aug. 30th, one shot near Spurn, and another reputed to have been seen. Mr. Slater, who saw this bird, says it was in very dusky plumage, and its colouring very much that of an old Hooded Crow, but it was an adult female, and dissection showed that it had bred this season.

_Corvus monedula_, Daw.--In large flocks at several stations in October and November, frequently mixed with Rooks. Heligoland, first on October 6th; 12th, many; 15th, several flights; 24th and 25th, astounding numbers.

_C. corone_, Carrion Crow.--Large numbers appear to have come over in October. There are innumerable entries in the schedules of "black crows" and "grey crows," and of course it is quite impossible to say in each case whether Carrion Crows or Rooks are intended. In those instances where the flocks are mixed, grey and black Crows together, the latter are probably _C. corone_. Rooks, as a rule, keep to themselves when migrating, or mixed with Jackdaws.

_C. cornix_, Hooded Crow.--Spring: Outer Dowsing L.V., March 1st, 8.30 a.m., flight to S.S.E. from W.N.W., and the same on April 3rd and 4th. Farn L.H., April 11th, eleven to W. Great Cotes, May 8th, last. Autumn: First at Flamborough L.H. on Oct. 3rd, two in field near lighthouse. Thanet, 5th, one from N.E.; then on the 6th at Tees L.V., Flamborough, Spurn, Hunstanton L.H. and Hasborough L.V., a few; during the latter half of October the rush appears to have been continuous night and day; and at the Outer Dowsing L.V., Nov. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, a continuous rush N.E. to S.W., and also at other stations, but in less numbers to Nov. 15th; Redcar, Dec. 3rd, some; and Spurn, at intervals, a few to end of the year; the main body came in from Flamborough Head to the coast of Essex, comparatively few north of Flamborough or south of the Thames; the chief lines of flight S.E. to N.W., E. to W., and S. to N.W. Heligoland, Oct. 2nd, first flight; 5th and 6th, numbers; and on to 14th, when thousands crossed; 15th, none; 18th, N., great flights; 19th less; 20th, great numbers; 21st, astounding numbers; less on 22nd and 23rd, and then very great again on 24th and 25th; Nov. 1st, and on 2nd and 3rd, very great migration late in afternoon, and at intervals to 28th.

_C. frugilegus_, Rook.--Spring: Newarp L.V., Feb. 10th to 13th and 22nd to 23rd, 7.30 to 9 a.m., great numbers of "black crows" to eastward, and at intervals to April; 23rd, large numbers of both black and grey Crows in same direction; Larks, Sparrows, and Chaffinches also; at the same date, Feb. 23rd, large numbers of Crows and Larks passing _to the west_. Shipwash L.V., 13th, 8 a.m., flights of thousands to S.E. Leman and Ower L.V., from March 4th and through April, great numbers of Crows to E. from W. Autumn: Oct. 5th to Nov. 12th, recorded at nine stations south of Humber, from Spurn to Orfordness; an almost continuous rush night and day last fortnight in October. Heligoland, Oct. 6th, first; 14th, great numbers; 15th, some; 23rd, two monstrous flights in afternoon; 24th and 25th, astounding numbers (see General Remarks); Nov. 3rd, during afternoon.

_C. corax_, Raven.--Languard L.H., June 22nd, 6.50 a.m., two.

_Alauda arvensis_, Sky Lark.--Spring: At Leman and Ower L.V., March 4th, great many E. to W., also many birds, Chaffinches and others, to April 9th, likewise E. to W. Outer Dowsing L.V., March 7th, Larks and Starlings. In the autumn Larks are recorded first at the Varne L.V., Sept. 6th; last at Goodwin L.V., Dec. 23rd, a few about lantern all night; the migration covering 109 days, and including twenty-four stations between the Farn Islands and Hanois L.H., fourteen of which are light vessels. From Sept. 30th to the middle of Nov. enormous numbers crossed the North Sea either directly from E. to W., a point S. of E. to other N. of W., and from the 15th of Oct. to the end of the month the rush appears to have been nearly continuous night and day; the great rush from the 20th to the 23rd. At Heligoland the migration commenced on the 22nd of Sept. with pretty large flights, and continued at intervals to the end of the year; on the 21st October an enormous migration over the sea on each side of the island; night of 24th to 25th, great rush, 500 caught at lighthouse.

_A. arborea_, Woodlark.--Heligoland, Oct. 6th, a few; also on 8th and 11th; 13th, twenty to thirty; 15th, some; 22nd and 30th, many; Nov. 2nd, some; and the 28th, many.

_A. cristata_, Crested Lark.--Heligoland, Sept. 30th and Oct. 1st, one each day.

_Otocorys alpestris_, Shore Lark.--Yarmouth, Nov. 11th, two; 12th, one. Blakeney, 28th, two. Spurn, two or three about the same date. Heligoland, Oct. 2nd, first young; 6th, flights eight to ten; 7th, 8th, and 9th, some flights; 12th, large flights; 14th, flights of hundreds; 15th and 16th, some; 18th, large flights, thirty to forty; 20th, in afternoon, a flight, fifty to sixty; 21st, twenty to thirty; 24th, great multitudes; 29th and 30th, less; Nov. 2nd and 3rd, many; 10th and 11th, hundreds constantly, and at intervals to Dec. 1st in large numbers. When we consider the very few which appear on this side of the North Sea compared with the vast numbers passing Heligoland in the autumn, it becomes a matter of surprise where they all go, and in what lands they find winter-quarters.

_Cypselus apus_, Swift.--Spring: Hunstanton L.H., May 6th, two. Cromer L.H., July 28th, 3 a.m., two struck lantern. Last seen, Thanet, Sept. 7th, and Spurn, Sept. 8th. Heligoland, Sept. 3rd, a few.

_Caprimulgus europæus_, Nightjar.--Spurn, Sept. 2nd and 3rd, one each day. Thanet, Sept. 5th, one. Heligoland, Aug. 17th, one.

_Dendrocopus major_, Great-spotted Woodpecker.--Heligoland, Sept. 16th, one, young.

_Jynx torquilla_, Wryneck.--Heligoland, Aug. 21st, first; 22nd, very many on cliff; 23rd, many.

_Alcedo ispida_, Kingfisher.--Orfordness L.H., March 25th, 9 p.m., E.N.E. 6, one struck and killed. North-east Lincolnshire, September and October, great many.

_Upupa epops_, Hoopoe.--Farn, April 28th, 2 p.m., E.N.E., one on island. Longstone L.H., 29th, one seen.

_Cuculus canorus_, Cuckoo.--Spring: Great Cotes, April 27th, first recorded. Hunstanton L.H., May 6th. Spurn L.H., 7th; and Whitby L.H., 8th, wind W.S.W., a progression northward at the rate of forty miles a day. Farn L.H., May 23rd, calm S.E., heard calling overhead at midnight. Autumn: Thanet, July 15th, first on autumn passage. Tees L.V., 29th, one caught on board. Farn L.H., August 3rd, young Cuckoo on rock. Spurn, young plentiful during third week; last seen on 25th. Last seen at Thanet, Sept. 12th. Heligoland, early in July, some old; 15th to 20th, daily young birds; Aug. 1st to 3rd, daily young; 17th same; 22nd, each day.

Strigidæ, Owls.--Long-eared Owl, _Asio otus_, Thanet, Dec. 16th, two, evidently fresh arrivals. Short-eared Owl, _A. brachyotus_. Spring: Tees L.V., March 15th, one to E. Coquet L.H., April 21st, W.N.W., one. Longstone, L.H., April 28th, one. Autumn: Languard L.H., Aug. 20th, 6 a.m., one. Redcar, 21st, E., two. From Sept. 17th to 23rd, at four stations. In October, some at Spurn and Redcar. Thanet, Dec. 3rd, one. Coquet L.H., 9th, one. Farn L.H., Jan. 23rd, one, a very large example, caught in a trap, baited with a Redshank it had killed. Rush, first week in October and 11th. Tengmalm's Owl, _Nyctala tengmalmi_, Oct. 18th, one shot at Holmpton, Holderness ['Naturalist,' 1884, p. 110]. Heligoland, _A. brachyotus_, Sept. 21st, first; Oct. 3rd, 11th, 14th, some; very few compared with other years. _N. tengmalmi_, Oct. 3rd, one shot; 7th, one.

Falconidæ, Buteo.--First fortnight in September, a few "large Hawks" along coast, some of which would probably be Buzzards. Goshawk, _Astur palumbarius_, Sept. 29th, one seen on the wing by me, when driving between Easington and Skeflling, Holderness. Sparrowhawk, _A. nisus_, Spring: Newarp L.V., April 23rd, two, to E. Autumn: Dudgeon L.V., Aug. 12th, one, died on board; at various stations, several, during the first fortnight in September. Peregrine Falcon, _Falco peregrinus_, Spurn, Sept. 9th, one, in pursuit of a Tern; Oct. 2nd, 8 p.m., one, an adult male, captured on mast-head of fishing-smack 'Surprise,' of Grimsby, between the Outer Dowsing L.V. and Cromer. Kestrel, _Tinnunculus alaudarius_, Spurn, Sept. 4th to 10th, many; on 8th, seven seen, and on 10th, ten in one field, by the Rev. H. H. Slater. Very common in North-east Lincolnshire in September. Thanet, Sept. 12th to 17th, evidently a considerable passage of Hawks. Heligoland, _Buteo vulgaris_, Buzzard, Sept. 4th and 5th, some. _Archibuteo lagopus_, Rough-legged Buzzard, Sept. 15th, one shot; Nov. 10th, several small flocks; 14th, several. _Haliaëtus albicilla_, White-tailed Eagle, Sept. 15th, one, young, shot. _Accipiter nisus_, Sparrowhawk, Aug. 15th, some, young; 21st, more numerous; Sept. 4th, 4 p.m., great many, young; 5th and 6th, a few towards evening; 10th and 11th, some; 18th, numerous, young birds; 21st, some; Oct. 1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th, 14th, and 21st, some. _Pernis apivorus_, Honey Buzzard, Sept. 18th, some, young. _Falco peregrinus_, Peregrine Falcon, Oct. 1st to 15th, a few; 21st, some. _Falco æsalon_, Merlin, Oct. 6th, 7th, and 14th, some. _Tinnunculus alaudarius_, Kestrel, Aug. 17th, young; Sept. 10th, 11th, and Oct. 6th, 7th, some.

_Sula bassana_, Gannet.--Farn L.H., March 7th, several all day to N.E.; 10th, the same, and hundreds all day on 15th and 16th April. Longstone L.H., March 16th, some at 5 p.m., to north, and daily to 26th all day, but no large flocks, and more or less daily to April 15th. Autumn: Farn L.H., July 2nd, first young seen. Redcar, Sept. 24th to end of month, very numerous at sea, mainly young.

_Ardea cinerea_, Heron.--At many stations in the autumn, but it is impossible to say whether immigrants or not. Herons have been very common in the autumn and winter in all the low-lying districts in North-east Lincolnshire. On the evening of February 3rd, 1885, fourteen, flying close together, passed over me within half-gunshot, steering their course in the direction of the nearest "beck."

_Botaurus stellaris_, Bittern.--One shot in Gedney Marsh on Nov. 14th; one in Yorkshire, four or five in Lincolnshire, one in Norfolk, and one in Suffolk, during the first week in December, and one near Brigg, Lincolnshire, in January, 1885. Snow and severe frosts on Continent from Nov. 28th to Dec. 2nd. It is probable that the bulk of these visitors were shot within a week of their arrival on our shores.

_Platalea leucorodia_, Spoonbill.--Hollesley, Suffolk, four, early in August, two of which were shot by a "fortunate" gunner. ['Zool.,' 1884, p. 471.]

Anser, Geese.--Spring: Whitby, May 8th, eighteen wild geese, from N. to S. Autumn: first recorded from Whitby L.H., Sept. 8th, three large flocks to S., flying half a mile from shore. The main arrival from Redcar to Humber district on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Oct. Coquet L.H., Nov. 4th, many flocks all day to N. Shipwash L.V., Dec. 1st and 2nd, nights to W. Heligoland, _Anser cinereus_, Grey-lag Goose, Oct. 10th, a flight, one shot, a young bird; 11th, some; Nov. 30th, numerous.

Cygnus, Swans.--March 8th, Outer Dowsing L.V., one black Swan to S.S.E. A black Swan was shot on Sunk Island [Humber] in the autumn. Redcar, Oct. 5th, nine to N. Yarmouth, Nov. 20th, four on Breydon Water. Corton L.V., Dec. 4th and 6th, two.

_Tadorna cornuta_, Sheldrake.--Spring: April 12th, Farn L.H., four on rocks; first young at sea on June 22nd. Twigmoor, Lincolnshire, May 23rd, pair of old birds and seven young on pond. Redcar, Dec. 3rd, flock. Farn L.H., Jan. 21st, 10.30 to noon, flocks to N., one flock numbering thirty-eight.

_Mareca penelope_, Wigeon.--Redcar, Oct. 28th, first seen, several.

_Anas boschas_, Wild Duck.--Spring: Outer Dowsing L.V., March 9th, 9 to 3 p.m., Wild Ducks continuous, from N.W. to S.E. Autumn: Redcar, October 3rd to December 6th., large numbers in various directions, also at most coast stations. Heligoland, _Querquedula crecca_, Teal, Sept. 1st, great many, also 2nd and 3rd.

_Harelda glacialis_, Long-tailed Duck.--Farn L.H., Jan. 12th, 1885, several swimming all day near island.

_Somateria mollissima_, Eider Duck.--Spring: Coquet L.H., April 28th, twenty, of which four were males off island. May 8th, many Ducks and Drakes, and at the same station in December many off island. Farn L.H., Jan. 11th and 12th, 1885, hundreds swimming in lee of island. The first young were seen on June 13th. The King Eider, _Somateria spectabilis_, was seen at the Farn Islands on April 9th, and at the Longstone on May 4th. This bird, which has now regularly appeared in the locality for several years, was unfortunately shot at on June 12th, and was not seen afterwards.

_Œdemia nigra_, Common Scoter.--Gull L.V., April 27th, 8 a.m. to noon, continuous to N. Autumn: Great numbers at several stations, moving in various directions.

_Mergus merganser_, Goosander.--Redcar, Oct. 6th, one to N.W.; Nov. 19th, flock; Dec. 8th, two. _M. serrator_, Merganser, a few observed off Redcar at sea between Oct. 12th and 25th.

_Columba palumbus_, Ring Dove.--Orfordness, Sept. 27th, 9 p.m., one struck, killed. Languard, 29th, 8 a.m., eight flying very quick W. to N.E. Between 21st of October and the end of November there was an immense immigration covering the East Coast between Berwick and Yarmouth; rushes Oct. 21st to 25th, Nov. 2nd and 20th to 28th, continuous for nine days. Mr. T. H. Nelson says "there was an enormous arrival of these birds in the Redcar neighbourhood about the middle of November. I have not noted all down in the schedule, as I did not see them all myself, but am told that from the 20th to end of month there was a continuous migration; a friend shot about fifty in three days between Redcar and Marske; there was also a considerable influx into the Bishop Auckland district about the same time." In Northumberland the numbers were so large as to attract general attention. In Lincolnshire the arrival was immense, also on the Norfolk coast. Hundreds were shot on their first arrival, their crops and stomachs containing no food, invariably the case with all newly arrived migrants. Heligoland, Oct. 3rd, flight of sixty; 12th, some; 25th, great many, twenty to thirty in a flight.

_C. ænas_, Stockdove.--Great numbers crossed in the autumn with the ring doves, mixed or in separate flocks. In November I saw one flock of four or five hundred in the Great Cotes marshes, an enormous flight considering the limited number bred in the district. From the beginning of December to the end of February large flights have daily resorted to fields of young clover, or those recently laid down with permanent grasses.

_Turtur communis_, Turtle Dove.--Thanet, Oct. 4th, last seen.

Rallidæ, _Rallus aquaticus_, Water Rail.--There appears to have been a very considerable immigration between the third week in September and at intervals to the end of November, and through the autumn they were exceedingly plentiful in all likely localities on the East Coast. Heligoland, Oct. 25th, some; 30th, two or three. _Porzana maruetta_, Spotted Crake. Redcar, Sept. 2nd, one. Heligoland, Oct. 23rd, one. _Crex pratensis_, Corn Crake. Spring: Whitby, May 2nd, W.S.W., 3 a.m., first heard. Autumn: Great Cotes, Sept. 4th; and last near Spurn, Oct. 27th and 28th, one each day. _Gallinula chloropus_, Moorhen, Great Cotes, Nov. 18th, N. strong, sleet and rain, great numbers on the streams, drains, and "blowwell" ponds, also in gardens and localities where I have rarely seen them; probably altogether ten to one in excess of normal numbers; very few observed after this date. Heligoland, Oct. 23rd, some.

_Charadrius pluvialis_, Golden Plover.--Spring: Longstone L.H., March 14th, S., with Lapwings round lantern. Farn L.H., July 27th, first flock. Tees L.V., Aug. 25th, large flock to N.W.[31] Great Cotes, the great flight of old birds on 25th and 26th Nov. Heligoland, Aug. 1st to 3rd, N.N.W., numerous; 5th to 25th, daily, some young; 31st, 11 p.m., many; Sept. 23rd, still many; Oct. 12th, some; Nov. 30th, old birds.

[Footnote 31: See footnote Report for 1883, p. 50, on the night of Golden Plover northward in August.]

_Squatarola helvetica_, Grey Plover. Spurn, Aug. 24th, about twenty adults in summer plumage; Sept. 5th, about one hundred and fifty, of which a third were in summer plumage, probably all adults (H. H. S.). Cley and Blakeney, Sept. 5th, several, the first seen (F. D. P.)

_Ægialitis hiaticula_, Ringed Plover.--Spring: Spurn, April 19th, nest with four eggs. Longstone L.H., May 4th, nest with four eggs. Very numerous on migration at Spurn, Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th, there was a small ploughed field on which probably a thousand collected every night (H. H. S.). Heligoland, June 28th, several hundreds young. _Ægialitis cantiana_, Kentish Plover. Languard L.H., Aug. 12th, one.

_Eudromias morinellus_, Dotterel.--Spring, Great Cotes, May 8th, seven. Autumn: Cley and Blakeney, Sept. 5th, W.N.W., five, one alone showing some rufous on lower, parts of breast and flanks (F. D. P.). Easington, near Spurn, Oct. 11th and 13th, seven. Heligoland, August 31st, some.

_Vanellus vulgaris_, Lapwing.--Great flights on to the coast throughout October to Nov. 12th. Rushes, Coquet L.H., Oct. 8th, great numbers all day; Redcar, 25th, continuous to N.W.; Tees L.V., 22nd and 23rd, large flights to N.W.; and in November at Redcar on the 1st and 3rd throughout the morning; 5th, all day; 8th, same. Hasboro' L.V., 12th, 10 p.m. to sunrise on 13th, and Jan. 3rd, 1885, night, quantities round lantern. Heligoland, July 27th to 28th, great numbers, and to Aug. 25th, daily.

_Strepsilas interpres_, Turnstone.--Farn, Aug. 13th, S.S.W., hundreds in flocks all day. Spurn, Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th, plentiful and increasing in numbers.

_Himantopus ostralegus_, Oystercatcher.--Spurn, Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th, a few at intervals.

_Phalaropus fulicarius_, Grey Phalarope.--Felixstowe, Sept. 9th, one shot. Longstone L.H., Nov. 2nd, one swimming in pool near lighthouse.

_Scolopax rusticula_, Woodcock.--Spring: Spurn, March 15th, one. Farn Islands, 25th, one; and again on April 28th. At Twigmoor, Lincolnshire, young Woodcocks were hatched early in May.[32] Autumn: The first is recorded at Coquet L.H. on Sept. 1st; the last at Hasboro' L.V., Jan. 20th, 1885, one caught at night. The migration covered 142 days, the bulk arriving between Oct. the 5th and Nov. 22nd. What is usually termed by sportsmen the 'first flight' came in on the nights of the 5th and 6th of October, wind easterly; another flight between the 10th and 16th; the 'great flight' on the night of the 28th, N.W. strong, with rain and colder weather; on the 29th, forty were shot in one locality on the Lincolnshire coast; there was again a second "great flight" from the 11th to 13th of November. Independent of these rushes, Woodcocks have been dropping in either singly or by two's and three's throughout the last three months in the year, and more or less over the whole coast line. Altogether the migration has been much more desultory and prolonged than any previously recorded by us. Heligoland, Oct. 6th, some; 12th, some; 14th, twenty shot; 15th, about thirty shot; 19th, less; 23rd, some; 25th, twenty to thirty shot; 29th, forty to fifty on island--night, about ten caught at lighthouse; 30th, thirty to forty caught or shot; Nov. 1st, some; 3rd, full moon, numbers flying about island, two or three together; 12th, ten or twelve shot; 16th, ten or fifteen shot; 22nd, several; 28th, twenty shot and two caught; 30th, some; Dec. 26th, one.

[Footnote 32: Woodcocks bred in Great Britain invariably leave in the autumn in August and September, and their place is taken some weeks later by others coming from the north. Woodcocks found on the East Coast in March are either such as have wintered in these islands and are now on their return journey, or in some cases our English birds returning to their nesting haunts.]

Snipe, _Gallinago major_, Great Snipe. Farn, Aug. 31st, 5 a.m., calm, one to W. Cley and Blakeney, Sept. 15th, E., one shot. _G. cœlestis_, Common Snipe, Kentish Knock L.V., Sept. 9th, several about, one caught, were passing W. Cley and Blakeney, Sept. 16th, a considerable arrival. There was a very considerable rush on to the East Coast in the last fortnight in October, and again in November, from the Farn Islands to Yarmouth; three distinct rushes at the dates Nov. 4th to 5th, S.W., half gale; 10th to 14th, S.E. winds; and 23rd to 29th, N. and north-easterly winds; generally are reported to have been very plentiful in the Eastern Counties in November and December. _Limnocryptes gallinula_, Jack Snipe, very few records; the first July 31st, Farn L.H., one at noon to W.; a few at Great Cotes and Spurn last half of October. In recent years this little bird has become extremely scarce in the Humber district, and in localities where it was once very common; compared with former times--twenty years ago--I do not see one in ten now. Heligoland, Common Snipe and Jack Snipe, Oct. 17th, N.W., strong, some; 25th and 30th, some.

_Tringa alpina_, Dunlin.--Spurn, Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th, great many, some flocks containing thousands, and in August many in almost full summer plumage (H. H. S.) Near Kilnsea, Sept. 26th, at early morning, I saw an immense migratory flock on the beach which appeared very tired; many of these still retained the black pectoral patch entire or more or less broken. Great Cotes, a flight of 1000 to 1500 have resorted almost daily at high-water, throughout the winter, to a fallow field near the Humber.

_T. minuta_, Little Stint.--Blakeney and Cley, Sept. 5th, W.N.W., two, and one Temminck's stint; also, Sept. 12th, E. to N., one Temminck's Stint, very restless, and constantly uttering its queer cricket-like notes (F. D. P.). Spurn, Sept. 26th, four Little Stints.

_T. striata_, Purple Sandpiper.--Spring: Farn, March 28th, many all day on rocks. Autumn: Redcar, Oct. 16th, one; and 20th, four shot. Blakeney, third week in October, one. Heligoland, Sept. 11th, E.S.E. some.

_T. canutus_, Knot.--Redcar, July 23rd, S.W., first flock; Aug. 6th, S. to S.W., a few. Spurn, Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th, tolerably numerous, some examples obtained were in almost full summer plumage; Sept. 26th and forward through Nov., great many large flights at ebb tide crossing from Lincolnshire coast to Spurn muds. Heligoland, enormous numbers of Waders crossed Heligoland from the end of the third week in July to the middle of September; July 20th, night, enormous numbers to W.; 22nd, same; 22nd to 23rd, night, and to 25th, immense numbers; Sept. 16th, flight of _tringa_, _totanus_, _charadrius_, all young.

_T. subarquata_, Curlew Sandpiper. Thanet, Aug. 16th, five. Spurn, 24th, one small flock. Blakeney, Sept. 5th, about a dozen; altogether exceptionally scarce.

_Machetes pugnax_, Ruff.--Blakeney, Sept. 3rd, one Buff; Spurn, 4th, about a dozen; Stourmouth, 10th, three; Great Cotes, 12th, twenty or more; 18th, one Buff and seven Reeves.

_Calidris arenaria_, Sanderling. Spurn, Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th, fairly abundant, in small flocks; some obtained early bore traces of red on their plumage (H. H. S.); Sept. 26th, a few. Heligoland, Sept. 3rd, evening, great many over head.

_Tringoides hypoleucos_, Common Sandpiper.--Spurn, Aug. 20th to 26th, a great many in the drains and also on the shore, but they soon left, none seen after 26th (H. H. S.). Great Cotes, Sept. 1st, tolerably numerous on autumn passage. Heligoland, July 22nd to 23rd, thousands.

_Helodromas ochropus._--Green Sandpiper.--Spurn, Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th, tolerably common; "generally saw some every day at first, and once five together, but latterly they were less plentiful" (H. H. S.). Heligoland, July 22nd to 23rd, Red-shanks, Common Sandpiper, and Green Sandpiper, thousands.

_Totanus glareola_, Wood Sandpiper.--Mouth of Stour, Aug. 16th, one seen. Spurn, Aug. 21st, one, a female.

_T. calidris_, Redshank.--Spurn, Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th, rare at first, but rapidly increasing; on Sept. 1st, flock of about 200 (H. H. S.). Blakeney and Cley, Sept. 6th, tolerably numerous, with other Waders from 5 to 8.30 a.m. to W. Heligoland, July 1st, 2nd and 3rd, solitary birds; 22nd to 23rd, thousands.

_T. canescens_, Greenshank. Spurn, Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th, "during the first fortnight, a pair, or latterly one, at a small pond every day" (H. H. S.). Cley and Blakeney, Sept. 5th, one, immature, shot; 10th, S., "very fine, several in two's and three's, flying high and very restless" (F. D. P.); altogether have been unusually scarce on East Coast. Heligoland, Aug. 18th, young birds.

_Limosa lapponica_, Bar-tailed Godwit.--Redcar, July 22nd, E. light, one; 29th, several flocks.

_Numenius phæopus_, Whimbrel.--Redcar, July 1st to 15th, a few passing, and on to Aug. 13th. Great Cotes, July 30th, first heard on passage. Cley and Blakeney, Sept. 9th, rather many to W. The last are recorded from Tees L.V., Dec. 5th, five to N.E. Heligoland, nights of July 20th to 23rd, W., enormous and countless numbers passing on; 27th to 28th, great many; August 1st to 3rd, enormous; 10th, some; and on the 31st in greater or less number.

_Numenius arquata_, Curlew.--Hanois L.H., July 10th, many young all day about rocks. Flamborough L.H., 31st, during night. Spurn, Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th, very plentiful. Great Cotes, Sept., first fortnight, young birds most abundant. Wells, Norfolk, 27th, flock of about 200. North-east Lincolnshire, October 30th, about sixty old birds in turnip-field. Heligoland, Aug. 19th, young; 31st, many; Nov. 13th, 10 p.m., astounding numbers passing over.

Sterninæ, Terns.--Sandwich Tern (_S. cantiaca_).--Coquet L.H., April 16th, eight seen. Farn Islands, April 19th, noon, N.N.E., first heard; 30th, fifteen flying about breeding-place; May 18th, collected at breeding-places; 25th, first eggs; June 13th, first young. Longstone L.H., Sept. 1st, left and gone to sea. Arctic Tern (_S. macrura_), Farn Islands, May 5th, first heard; 22nd, assembled at breeding-places; 25th; first eggs; left about the first week in September, a few lingering to October 13th. _Terns generally._--Redcar, August 20th and 30th, Sept. 1st and 2nd, large numbers to south. Spurn, Sept. 3rd, large mixed flocks of Arctic, Common, and some Lesser Tern daily to south; less towards end of month. Redcar, Nov. 7th, one.

Larinæ, Gulls.--Herring Gull (_Larus argentatus_), Whitby L.H., Feb. 13th, S. 6, at daylight Gulls first came to cliffs; May 18th, first young on wing; Aug. 29th, old and young left cliffs for sea. Heligoland, Dec. 31st, enormous numbers of old birds. Lesser black-backed Gull (_L. fuscus_), Longstone L.H., March 15th to 29th, assembling at nesting-haunts; at Farn L.H., on 30th, Black-headed Gull (_L. ridibundus_), Twigmoor, May 22nd, many young on ponds. Little Gull (_L. minutus_), Whitby, July 15th, one seen on River Esk along with Kittiwakes, by Mr. Backhouse. Yarmouth, Nov. 11th, one shot, bird of second year. Heligoland, Oct. 30th, hundreds to lee of island. _Gulls generally._--Flamborough, July 4th, great many grey Gulls and Kittiwakes to S. Whitby, Sept. 9th, many to S. Spurn, Sept. 25th to 28th, S.W. strong, great many young Herring and Lesser black-backed Gulls continuously to south; they passed the cliff point to the north of Easington lane end at the average rate of seventy in fifteen minutes; the exact proportion of old and young in that period was nineteen adult and forty-eight immature Lesser black-backed Gulls, one Kittiwake, and two Terns; occasionally a few young Herring Gulls passed, but the vast majority were immature _L. fuscus_. On the average, 280 Gulls passed in the hour, all going south in the teeth of a strong S.W. wind; rate of progress probably thirty miles an hour, and average distance from coast 150 yards. This movement was continuous for at least four days, and for ten hours on each day. Cromer, Oct. 11th, Mr. Gurney writes "We have had another of those strange passages of Gulls which I have noticed at Cromer before. I reckoned that this afternoon eighteen hundred passed in three-quarters of an hour, going W.N.W., and probably ten thousand after 12 o'clock." Redcar, Oct. 20th to 23rd, Gulls, chiefly young, _L. fuscus_ and _argentatus_, going N.W. in flocks during morning; 24th, Kittiwakes very common at sea. Orfordness, Nov. 10th, Gulls all day in flocks of twenty to thirty, N.E. to S.W. Coast of Durham, 27th, _L. fuscus_ and _argentatus_, immature birds in flocks of twenty to forty, flying north.

Stercorariinæ, Skuas.--Farn, July 23rd, two chasing Gulls. Grimsby, Sept. 7th, one Richardson's Skua (_S. crepidatus_). Spurn, 26th, one Pomatorhine Skua (_S. pomatorhinus_), the black variety. Redcar, Oct. 4th, one adult (black variety) shot at sea; 24th, two at 2 p.m. to E. Heligoland, Oct. 30th, some.

Procellariidæ, Petrels.--Galloper L.V., Oct. 2nd, one Stormy Petrel (_P. pelagica_). Coquet L.H., 4th, two caught at lantern. Dudgeon L.V., 18th, one caught. Longstone L.H., 23rd, two caught "one the large sort, the other small." Hasboro' L.V., Nov. 6th, one; 13th, three. Redcar, 17th, 11 a.m., N., one. Heligoland, _P. pelagica_, Oct. 22nd, one; 29th, two or three; 30th, one; Nov. 3rd, one. _P. leucorrhoa_, Nov. 10th, one shot. _Fulmarus glacialis_, Fulmar, Heligoland, Oct. 22nd, one; 29th, two or three.

Colymbidæ, Divers.--Farn, April 7th, Great Northern Diver _C. glacialis_, two to north; July 12th, two to north; Nov. 8th, five to N.; Jan. 19th, 1885, two off island.

Podicipitidæ, Grebes.--_P. fluviatilis_, Little Grebe, Spurn, Nov. 10th, 8 p.m., one killed at low light. Heligoland, Oct. 25th, several young shot.

Alcidæ, Auks.--Longstone L.H., Feb. 20th. Guillemot (_Lomvia troile_), flying about breeding-places, but not settling; on March 22nd they settled for the first time; but on the 26th, owing to the cold E. wind, all went out to sea, returning again to the rocks on the 29th with a W. and S.W. wind. Farn L.H. March 16th, hundreds flying round nesting-quarters. Tees L.V., July 2nd, "a Guillemot came to the light-ship and remained three weeks, disappeared suddenly, probably shot." Redcar, Nov. 12th to 15th, great numbers to E. all day; Nov. 10th, Black Guillemot (_U. grylle_), young bird shot. Longstone L.H., April 17th, Puffin (_Fratercula arctica_), first seen. Redcar, Nov. 18th, 19th, 20th, Little Auk (_Mergulus alle_), great numbers at sea. Farn Islands, Jan. 12th to 26th, 1885, great many off islands. Heligoland, Nov. 13th, cliff crowded with Guillemots, never so early before; Dec. 17th, W., thousands on cliffs, as in summer time.

Professor Chr. Fr. Lütken, of the Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, again forwards a list of birds killed against the lighthouse of Stevns, on the projecting part of Zealand, marking the limit between the Baltic and Oresund. The list has been drawn up by Mr. Autander, a physician living in the neighbourhood of the lighthouse. In forwarding the list, Mr. Autander observes that he has every reason to think it very incomplete, as the interest bestowed upon it by the officers of the lighthouse is rather indifferent; all birds fit to be eaten are probably disposed of in this way, and do not always come under his observation.

Stevns Fyr (Lighthouse of Stevns), 1884.

Night to--