Chapter VIII: Part 8

_Coningbeg Light-ship._--April 5th, flocks going S.W.; clear. May 6th and 7th, passed at distance in great flocks, going W. and S.W., wind N. to N.W., light; 12th, several thousands, going W. and S.W.; 18th, 19th, 22nd, and 23rd, "various kinds" in great flocks, ditto: 26th and 27th, some; 29th, 31st, and June 8th, several "Parrot-billed Puffins" about. June 10th, great flocks of Puffins about. Dec. 28th to Jan. 8th, 1885, great flocks of "Puffins" about ship.

_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--Flocks of "Puffins" noted on Feb. 6th, 8th, 18th, and 19th, going E. and S.W. "Parrots" noted, April 20th and 24th, May 6th and 8th, going W.

_Tuskar Rock._--"Puffins and Sea-parrots" almost always on the rock; scarce this summer.

_Howth Baily._--Aug. 19th, numbers in bay after fry.

_South Maidens._--Aug. 23rd and 24th, large flocks in vicinity.

_Rathlin Island._--Aug. 22nd, Puffins, Guillemots, and Razorbills leaving island.

_Innishtrahull._--April 1st, several "Puffins and Sea-parrots" all day round island. May 6th, several Puffins.

_Rathlin O'Birne._--July, twenty to one hundred on rocks.

_Eagle Island, East._--Oct. 20th, about two hundred "Puffins," going S.W.; wind light W. This was the only flock seen in autumn.

_Blackrock, Mayo._--Feb. 4th, flocks of "Puffins," going E., wind N., fresh, misty; 27th, "Puffins" about rock. March 9th, flocks, going S.E.; wind high, W. April 17th, flocks of Sea-parrots alighted on rock in great numbers. [In this and in other cases the name "Puffin" would seem to have been applied either to the Guillemot or Razorbill, and Sea-Parrot to the true Puffin.--R. M. B.]

_Straw Island._--April 19th, twenty Puffins; remained about lighthouse.

_Tearaght._--March 23rd, Sea-parrots arrived at 4 p.m., wind light, clear; 24th, great numbers came on island; 26th, Sea-parrots entirely disappeared until the 29th, when they returned; or perhaps they were new arrivals. They are as plentiful this year as last, and arrived one week earlier. [See general remarks under Clare Island.--R. M. B.] I found a nest with one egg on 11th May, and on 11th June it was hatched, the time occupied being one month. It is in the night-time all the young birds leave their holes and go to the sea, and once there they are no more to be seen. I never saw any of them on the wing or on the water. They never leave the holes until they take their departure, and then they go tumbling and rolling to the sea. There is no trace of this first stage of migration to be observed next morning, except sometimes in their outward course an odd one tumbles into our yards, where they are found. I was roused up one night at 2 a.m. by one trying to get up stairs; it was nearly at the top when I saw it. Puffins left in a great body on Aug. 1st; number on island diminishing until Aug. 15th, when the last was seen.

_Valencia._--April 10th, one taken alive.

_Skelligs._--March 20th, Puffins first seen on rock. Aug. 5th, Puffins getting scarce during past week; 15th, all have left. Nov. 27th, a few "Puffins," young birds. December, a few young "Puffins" seen.

Razorbill.

_Old Head, Kinsale._--April 20th, commence to build about this date.

_Dungarvan._--May 29th and 30th, a great number swimming into bay; first general appearance this season. July 4th, 20th, 25th, and 31st, numbers.

_Tuskar Rock._--July 24th, one young Razorbill; first this year.

_Rathlin Island._--April 6th, flocks resting on the sea. Aug. 22nd, Razorbills leaving island.

_Blackrock, Mayo._--April 30th, Razorbills all day; wind fresh, W.

_Clare Island._--March 21st, about fifty "Razorbill-puffins"; 25th, Puffins (Razorbills?) in large numbers.

_Tearaght._--March 23rd, Razorbills arrived. May 7th, came on island as plentiful as in previous years. About this date (July 31st) both old and young are mostly gone. During the past fortnight both old and young could be heard on the water at night. A few evenings ago I observed a young bird crying on the water; the old one was soon beside it, both going seaward, when the old bird made a little dive, and rose exactly under the young one, so that it was nicely poised on its back. In this way both headed the waves, and were lost in the distance. On the following evenings I kept a good look out, and saw several instances of the same kind; and on no occasion did I observe the young birds to fall off, though the sea was pretty rough. Last seen on Aug. 14th. Sept. 16th, two old and two young appeared, swimming S. Dec. 7th, young Razorbills; wind W.; very strong, high sea. As many as two or three hundred may be seen almost every day, especially in stormy weather. Having procured a specimen of the bird I called a "Mackerel-cock" (see fifth Report, pp. 89 and 128), I find it is the young Razorbill. [Specimen sent.--R. M. B.; shot, 13th, Jan., 1885.] It comes here every winter, and not a single old bird is to be found amongst them; nor one of them among the old birds in summer.

_Skelligs._--March 20th, Razorbills first seen on rock. July 20th, noticed young fledged Razorbills leaving rock. Aug. 5th, all left, with one or two exceptions. Nov. 27th, great numbers of the "Black-billed Auk"; noticed flights of them for the past fortnight, flying S., mostly in the afternoon. They left on 2nd March, 1885, except one or two, seen on 16th inst. They only come close to the rock in wild weather. In my former report I called this bird the Razorbill; but it answers the description of the Black-billed Auk, in the 'Dictionary of British Birds.' [Doubtless the young Razorbill, which was erroneously regarded as a species under the title of "Black-billed Auk" by Colonel Montagu.--R. M. B.] December, a great number of "Black-billed Auks" fishing.

Cormorant.

_Dungarvan._--July 31st, several.

_Coningbeg Light-ship._--Dec. 11th, ten. Barely seen here; 13th and 27th, one. Jan. 8th, 1885, two.

_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--Sept. 17th, seven.

_Tuskar Rock._--Aug. 21st, three; the first this season.

_Arklow West Light-ship._--May 24th, one Cormorant about ship.

_Copeland Island._--Jan. 20th, numbers of Cormorants. From September to April they are plentiful.

_South Maidens._--Sept. 6th, fifteen at noon, going S.W.; wind S.W., fresh. Oct. 17th, a great flock, going S. November, Cormorants seen daily.

_Rathlin Island._--Aug. 27th, five, going N.E.; wind S., light. Dec. 25th, six, going W.; 26th, two Green Cormorants on the rocks.

_Innishtrahull._--July 29th, two. They breed on a rock called "The Stook," near mainland.

_Tory Island._--Feb. 11th, one Cormorant, going N.E.

_Arranmore._--July 12th, two; remain here. Jan. 9th, four, going S.W.

_Rathlin O'Birne._--July, two to ten, always about island.

_Broadhaven._--Aug. 31st, Cormorants are here all the year round. Nov. 12th, about two dozen.

_Blackrock, Mayo._--May 9th, Cormorants all day; wind S., fresh.

_Eagle Island, East._--Oct. 20th, two, all day fishing around island.

_Blacksod._--Some Cormorants during October.

_Clare Island._--May 30th, observed a number of Cormorants. Sept. 1st, a number. They breed in holes in the cliffs.

_Arran Island, North._--Oct. 13th, five, going N.W.

_Straw Island._--Feb. 10th, four; very few this month. March 18th, six. April 11th, three. Oct. 30th, ten daily, fishing.

_Tearaght Rock._--Feb. 14th, six or seven round rock; seldom so many; one or two may be seen occasionally all the year. Sept. 4th, six, going W.; usual number on island, two.

_Valencia._--April 5th, 14th, 15th, May 10th, and June 15th, two to four. During Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec, four or five at intervals.

_Dursey Island._--March 28th, eight. April 29th, two.

Gannet.

_Fastnet._--During last half of July a few Gannets morning and evening.

_Old Head, Kinsale._--April 10th, Gannets going S. May 10th, 20th, 28th, and June 26th, hundreds going S. Oct. 12th, five going S. Dec. 27th, three going S. Never saw less Gannets in autumn.

_Dungarvan._--April 7th, one; the only one seen for months. July 23rd, 27th, and Aug. 20th, one. Sept. 14th, a very dark "Solan Goose" (young).

_Coningbeg Light-ship._--Two to eight noted during April at intervals. Flocks on May 11th, 24th to 27th. On May 24th, one dark one. June 1st, five ditto. Great numbers in August. During September several daily going E. and W.; generally young birds. Flocks on Oct. 14th and 16th. Dec. 12th and 30th, several; and great flocks from 3rd to 8th Jan., 1885, about ship.

_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--Small flocks, Feb. 18th, 19th, March 21st. Large, April 17th. Flocks also on April 19th, 20th, 23rd, May 6th, 8th, and 23rd, generally going W. or S.W. Gannets noted in small numbers from Sept. 13th to Nov. 16th, in almost every instance going E., irrespective of wind or weather.

_Arklow South Light-ship._--April 15th to 25th, occasional Gannets going N.E. May 11th to July 18th, two to ten, and now and then a flock; direction of flight, N.E. or S.W. From the middle of July to Oct. 4th, a few Gannets at intervals, generally going S.W. On July 28th, flocks going N.E. Sept. 9th, flocks all day after fish.

_Arklow North Light-ship._--Gannets noted on Feb. 29th. March 15th, great quantities going N.E.; 16th, six; 17th, twelve; 21st, flocks; 23rd, ditto. A few on April 2nd, 8th, and 9th; great flocks on 11th, flying N. and S.; 15th, several; 29th, flocks; 30th, six. May 1st and 3rd, 8th, and June 20th, a few. Flocks on May 7th going N.W. Direction of flight in most of foregoing cases N. or N.E., apparently independent of the direction or force of wind. Oct. 5th, three going N.E.

_Kish Light-ship._--April 7th, flocks going S.W.; 21st, six going N.E. May 17th, great flocks going S.W.; 28th, four going S.W. June 7th, flocks going S.W.; 26th, three going S. Wind variable in direction and force.

_Howth Baily._--Aug. 19th, large numbers in bay after fry.

_Rockabill._--May 8th, Gannets all day.

_Copeland Island._--Jan. 20th, numbers of Gannets and Gulls feeding.

_South Maidens._--Gannets feeding in locality during August and September. Oct. 9th, Gannets feeding in vicinity during past few days (see also under General Remarks).

_Rathlin Island._--Flocks noted March 22nd, 26th, 30th, April 5th, May 5th; in every case going W. Wind variable in direction and force. Sept. 6th, Gannets all day going W.; wind light S.E.

_Innishtrahull._--March 28th, five Gannets; "the first this season." April 1st, several fishing all day. May 6th, three; 15th, Gannets about.

_Tory Island._--Feb. 5th, two going W.; 11th, two ditto; 19th, two about.

_Arranmore._--April 4th, flocks of four to six going N.

_Rathlin O'Birne._--Gannets always seen; two to one hundred.

_Broadhaven._--June 30th, a few Gannets going S.

_Eagle Island, East._--Sept. 19th, about twenty, all day; 23rd, ditto; 27th, forty. Oct. 2nd, one hundred; 12th, two hundred; 20th, fifty going S.W.

_Blackrock, Mayo._--Feb. 8th, nine going W.; wind S.E., strong. March 16th, thirteen going S.W. July 20th, thirty or forty. Dec. 5th, three; 25th to Jan. 13th, 1885, one to five.

_Blacksod._--Oct. 21st, four. Dec. 23rd and 27th, Gannets seen.

_Clare Island._--Nov. 6th, two large Gannets going W.

_Slyne Head, North._--Oct. 11th, flock of Gannets seen.

_Arran Island North._--Aug. 10th, 12th, 14th, and 26th, several. Oct. 1st, two going N.W.; 13th, five going N.W.

_Straw Island._--"The Gannet is especially remarked for its almost total absence." March 18th, two. April 7th, two. Oct. 12th, four going S.

_Tearaght._--Oct. 13th, two hundred and ten passed S.W. between 8 and 9 a.m. Great numbers had passed before I commenced and after I left off counting. All young birds, flying low and in flocks of from thirty to two or three; calm, misty.

_Skelligs._--Oct. 18th, Gannets for the last few days wheeling in flocks, and seeming inclined to take a southerly direction; 20th, twenty going S. _None perched on the Lesser Skellig after this date._

_Dursey Island._--March 4th, 7th, and April 7th, some going N.W.

Terns.

_Old Head, Kinsale._--May 20th, several.

_Coningbeg Light-ship._--May 28th, several "Pirs or Skirs" about ship. June 3rd to the 10th, ditto.

_Copeland Island._--May 20th, large numbers heard arriving on Mew Island during the night; wind W., light. They arrive to breed in May, and leave late in August or early in September.

_Oyster Island, North._--April 17th, four Terns hovering round.

Gulls.

_Fastnet._--April 12th to 25th, great quantity feeding at rock. May 7th, two Royal Gulls.

_Old Head, Kinsale._--May 20th, hundreds of Kittiwakes, "small Gulls," Skua Gulls, and Royal Gulls; also on 28th. Oct. 20th, some hundreds going S.; wind W., light.

_Dungarvan._--June 1st, a few Kittiwakes, the first seen this season; 3rd, three Black-backed. July 13th, numbers of Black-headed; 31st, numbers of Gulls. Aug. 16th, great numbers of small Black-headed Gulls and three Skuas (seldom seen here) chasing Gulls. Sept. 2nd, four Black-backed Gulls.

_Coningbeg Light-ship._--May 8th, 9th, 20th, 21st, and 25th, several about ship daily. June 10th, great flocks; great quantities in August; only a few in September. Great flocks, Black-backed and others, Dec. 28th to Jan. 8th, 1885, about ship.

_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--May 6th, flocks of Gulls. Sept. 10th, large flocks. Nov. 27th, large flocks after fish.

_Tuskar Rock._--May 28th, hundreds of Skua Gulls; 31st, ditto, on rock, went S.; noted also on June 7th, 8th, and 22nd.

_Kish Light-ship._--April 8th, grey Gulls about ship; 27th, continuous flocks of "Boatswains" going N.E.; wind E. May 17th and 25th, continuous flocks going S.W. and N.E., wind S.W. and S.E.; 27th, continuous flocks of Boatswains going S.W., wind S.E. June 7th, flocks going S.W., wind N.E.; 29th and 30th, flocks.

_Howth Baily._--Aug. 19th, large numbers in bay after fry.

_Rockabill._--July 1st, Sea Gulls about; 5th, Royal Gulls all day.

_Copeland Island._--Jan. 20th, number of Gannets and Gulls feeding.

_South Maidens._--Sea Gulls always to be seen in immediate vicinity of light. Aug. 30th, Grey and Royal fishing.

_Rathlin Island._--March 29th, flocks of Kittiwakes all day on water. May 22nd, two thousand Kittiwakes at noon on water. Sept. 15th, thousands of Kittiwakes on the water; 25th, thousands of Gulls.

_Innishtrahull._--April 1st, several Gulls about island all day. May 15th, Gulls and a pair of Royal Gulls.

_Dunree Head._--March 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 20th, flock of Gulls.

_Tory Island._--Jan. 21st, four. Feb. 19th, four.

_Arranmore._--July 24th, large quantities of Gulls and young ones on rocks. Dec. 8th, Skua Gull seen.

_Rathlin O'Birne._--Six to one hundred frequent island; six to twelve breed. The Royal Gull is always here.

_Killybegs._--Sea Gulls all the year.

_Oyster Island, North._--Sea Gulls are about all the year. "Some appear to have taken up their quarters fixedly."

_Eagle Island, East._--Sept. 11th, two to three hundred Gulls (Grey and Kittiwake) all day after fish. Nov. 3rd, two Grey Gulls. Very few Gulls this autumn.

_Blackrock, Mayo._--Jan. 20th, seven Royal Gulls going S.E. April 30th, small Gulls all day; they breed here from this date to the middle of August. Feb. 27th, Gulls. July 9th, seven Royal Gulls hovering. Sept. 23rd, five Royal Gulls. Oct. 7th, nine small Gulls; 11th, five "cream-coloured Gulls," 7.30 a.m., going W., wind strong N., squally. [These "cream-coloured Gulls" of Blackrock, Mayo, were seen by the previous light-keeper, Mr. Martin Kennedy, in August, 1881, and during April and May, 1882. He calls them "North-American or cream-coloured Gulls," and states that "more than one or two were never seen."--3rd Rep., p. 86; and 4th Rep., p. 104, R. M. B.]. Dec. 12th, five Royal Gulls; 22nd, large flocks of Gulls on the water. Jan. 9th, 1885, six small Gulls; 11th, five Royal Gulls.

_Clare Island._--March 6th, Sea Gulls and Kittiwakes; 25th, large numbers; 30th, thousands. Sept. 25th, two large Royal Gulls.

_Slyne Head, North._--Oct. 11th, Gulls, about ten to twenty.

_Arran Island, North._--Oct. 2nd, large flock of Gulls.

_Straw Island._--Feb. 20th, twenty Gulls. March 27th, two Royal Gulls. April 28th, four large white (Herring) Gulls going N., wind light, W.; 30th, two Black-headed Gulls. Nov. 4th, four large grey Gulls. Dec. 28th, four Royal Gulls.

_Tearaght._--The Kittiwakes commenced to build this year on April 1st. The young birds were seen flying about the last week in July. None of the young birds are to be seen during the winter; but on Feb. 7th a few were observed among the old birds. They left shortly afterwards, and were not to be seen until June 24th, when there were about one hundred on the rock with the old birds: they remained about a week. The Royal Gulls do not breed here. Aug. 14th, Herring Gull (young), about half a dozen; still about island, Jan. 15th, 1885. Jan. 5th, Kittiwakes (young), thirty or forty, with other Gulls. None of these young Kittiwakes were seen since they left their nests on Sept. 20th. Some of the black has disappeared.

_Valencia._--A few "Royal, Common, and Skua" Gulls at intervals during April, May, and June. Skua Gulls, Sept. 2nd, Oct. 24th. Dec. 24th and 25th, two to fifteen Royal Gulls. Nov. 18th and 20th, a few.

_Skelligs._--March 26th, Kittiwakes first seen on rock. Kittiwakes leaving from the 15th to the 28th August. December, great numbers of Herring Gulls and young Kittiwakes and a few Black-backed Gulls.

_Dursey Island._--Large flock, March 15th and April 30th. March 9th, four Royal Gulls.

Stormy Petrel.

_Coningbeg Light-ship._--May 8th, 9th, and 13th, one to two about ship; 14th to 17th, several during day, foggy and hazy, wind moderate; 24th, one killed striking. June 2nd, 5th, and 6th, several about ship; clear, wind light. One to nine noted from 22nd August to Sept. 8th. Several almost daily at end of September, and a few on Oct. 9th and 10th; all flying about ship.

_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--Sept. 13th, seven; 15th, two; all going E.

_Innishtrahull._--Aug. 18th, one Petrel struck at 11 p.m., not killed. The first seen by me here; wind S.W., fresh, gloomy, rain.

_Arranmore._--Dec. 19th, one Stormy Petrel shot at station.

_Clare Island._--Aug. 17th, a "Mother Carey's Chicken" caught fluttering against lantern at midnight; wind light, gloomy.

_Tearaght._--May 18th, Stormy Petrels arrived on this date, or perhaps previous to it; plentiful on 23rd. Eggs taken on June 19th. Will lay the third egg if the others are taken. They are very plentiful this year, but are never seen in the daytime, but at night continually striking the glass. They are not very welcome visitors, owing to the blotches of oil they eject on the glass and balcony. They are so plentiful skimming about that they often come close to a person's ears. They are to be heard in every bank, under every rock, and in every crevice. On dark calm nights the air as well as the rocks and banks is filled with their music; their hatching is not over until August is well advanced. Sept. 15th, one (young) caught on balcony. Oct. 11th, one going S.W.; wind N., showery. Nov. 15th, one on lantern.

_Skelligs._--May 25th, heard the Stormy Petrel under the stones to-day for the first time this year. June 2nd, several Stormy Petrels about lantern; drizzling rain. During foggy and rainy nights in July and August Petrels were about lantern, but none killed striking. Sept. 6th, one seen in daytime. Oct. 17th, Petrels last seen on this date; a few (young birds) kept flying about light on misty nights to Oct. 16th.

Manx Shearwater.

_Old Head, Kinsale._---May 20th, several.

_Dungarvan._--July 4th and 5th, flocks about bay feeding; 20th, 25th, and 31st, thousands in search of fry.

_Coningbeg Light-ship._--April 4th, four; 19th, 20th, 26th, one to six about ship. On 20th, one struck and was disabled at 9 p.m., overcast.

_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--April 12th, 14th, 19th, 20th, 23rd, flocks are entered flying in various directions. Sept. 2nd, flocks.

_Arklow North Light-ship._--May 3rd, "Mackerel Cocks" going N. at noon; 8th, ditto, flying about, wind S.W., strong.

_South Maidens._--Sept. 11th, three "Shearwaters" fishing in vicinity the last few weeks.

_Rathlin Island._--March 17th, Shearwaters heard at night. Aug. 20th, one Shearwater killed striking.

_Arranmore._--March 29th, two "Manx Shearwaters, called night-birds," flew into yard at night; taken and stuffed. April 19th, twenty all day. Quantities "at rocks" building.

_Blackrock, Mayo._--June 10th, Manx Shearwaters at midnight, one struck, wind light S.W., clear; 14th, three struck at 1 a.m., wind N.W., light, overcast; one caught. Aug. 9th, Manx Shearwaters all night; several struck, two caught; wind S., light, misty.

_Tearaght._--April 10th, Manx Shearwaters first heard. Left about July 15th. Oct. 10th, two near rocks on N. side.

_Skelligs._--March 1st, Manx Shearwaters first heard. Shearwaters heard up to Aug. 29th; noticed them getting scarce about the 12th.

Birds not identified.

_Coningbeg Light-ship._--Nov. 14th, one "Schinz's Sandpiper" struck, 10 p.m., disabled; wind E.S.E., light, gloomy. "The size, colour, and length, according to the description in vol. vi."--Morris's 'British Birds.'

_Tuskar Rock._--May 25th, "a yellow bird, black head with stripes, shape and fly of a Wagtail," on rock at 7 p.m.; wind light S.E., overcast, misty.

_Arklow North Light-ship._--Dec. 27th, a large flock of "Sallypickers" going S.W. at 10 a.m.; wind light S. ["Sallypickers" have hitherto been placed under Willow Wren or Chiffchaff, but in this case it is not easy to suggest the species.--R. M. B.]

_South Maidens._--Jan. 14th, "one golden Robin" struck lantern, 10 p.m., not injured; wind S.W., fresh, overcast, gloomy.

_Innishtrahull._--Aug. 11th, "a sea-bird caught; colour dirty grey, with some white; tail also white, tipped with black. Like a Curlew in shape, and a long bill."

_Killybegs._--Dec. 27th, one "Blackcap" on wall; wind S.W., light. [Not _Sylvia atricapilla_.--R. M. B.]

_Blackrock, Mayo._--Jan. 2nd, 1885, nine "small divers" fishing about rock.

_Clare Island._--April 4th, "a very handsome Crow, 11 a.m. All black on back, with white breast, and had a bill resembling a common Crow; wind E., light."

APPENDIX.

Mr. Gurney has received a batch of wings from the Leman and Ower L.V. off Cromer, taken from birds evidently killed last autumn; unfortunately they are not dated, so that much of their value as a record of migration is lost. They include Willow Wren, Wheatear, Snipe, Jack Snipe, Ring Dotterel, Robin, Sedge Warbler, Redstart, Fieldfare (three), Thrush, Blackbird, Titlark (five), Sky Lark, Chaffinch (three), Great Tit, Goldcrest, Reed Bunting, Wood Pigeon, Woodcock (two), Starling, Swallow, Martin, Sanderling, Tree Sparrow.

Pied Flycatcher.--With reference to Mr. J. Harvie Brown's remarks (see foot-note, p. 100 of Report) on the arrival of Pied Flycatchers at the Isle of May and Pentland Skerries in the first week in May, 1885, it is interesting to learn that the same species is also reported in great numbers from Flamborough and Spurn at the same period, _viz._, the first week in May; it was also observed in Norfolk on the 9th. At Flamborough, as Mr. Bailey informed me, a great many came in on the 3rd, with a N.E. wind, and in company with male Redstarts. At Spurn, Mr. P. W. Lawton states that it has been more numerous than he ever before knew it. ('Naturalist,' June 1885, p. 250, foot-note).

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Erratum.--Page 71, line 29, for "September 30th," read "September 18th."

PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C.

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Transcriber Note

Erratum on p. 71 has been corrected. There were several superscripted numbers (pp. 41, 55, 64 and 73) which are interpreted as wind speeds and so the superscripting was removed. The footnote on page 112 was moved from the first listed species to the title as the footnote relates to the order of the species. Minor typos have been corrected. Some inconsistencies in spelling have been left as printed.