Report on the Migration of Birds in the Spring and Autumn of 1884. Sixth Report

Chapter VI: Part 6

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"Martin."--Flatholm L.H., Aug. 26th, continuous flocks of Martins and Swifts going S. at about 10 a.m. (N.N.W., moderate.); Sept. 13th, large flocks all day. (E.N.E., fresh.) Helwick L.V., Oct. 7th, two at 12.30 p.m. (N., gentle; _B, C, M_.)

_Chrysomitris spinus_, Siskin.--Carlisle District, March 6th, one female shot; after which none were seen (except a pair of breeding birds) until Dec. 15th.

_Fringilla montifringilla_, Brambling.--Carlisle District, last seen in flocks in March; a few in October; numerous in some localities in November.

_Ligurinus chloris_, Greenfinch.--Bardsey L.H., Sept. 20th, several flocks of small birds during the day, including this species; Nov. 12th, some about the lantern all night. Smalls Rock, L.H., Nov. 6th, many, along with Thrushes, Blackbirds, Robins, &c., from 11 p.m. to daylight. Some killed.

_Passer domesticus_, Sparrow.--Helwick L.V., Oct. 30th, several at 7.30 a.m., flying S.E. (S.W., breezy.)

_Fringilla cœlebs_, Chaffinch.--Scarweather L.V., Sept. 12th, four at 7.30 a.m. Dee L.V., Sept. 15th, one found dead at daylight; Oct. 24th, one on deck at noon. Bardsey L.H., Sept. 20th, observed along with Greenfinches, Larks, and Linnets; Nov. 12th, several, with other species, at the lantern all night. Nash (E.) L.H., Sept. 21st, a few at 2 a.m.; seven struck, four killed. St. Tudwall's L.H., Oct. 21st, one killed at 11 p.m. Morecambe Bay L.V., Nov. 1st, one resting on the vessel at 1.30 p.m.; Nov. 30th, several at 11.30 a.m., passing S.S.E.

_Linota_ --------. Under the heading of "Linnets" there is the under-given information. Scarweather L.V., Sept. 17th, 24th, and 29th, flocks at intervals during the daytime. Bardsey L.H., Sept. 20th, many on the island; Nov. 12th, many at the lantern all night, with other species. South Stack L.H., Oct. 5th, continuous flocks between 8 and 9 a.m.; Oct. 18th and 20th, flocks, composed of Linnets, Finches, and Starlings, between 7 and 10 a.m. South Bishop L.H., Oct. 14th, many, along with other species, from 11 p.m. to daylight. Milford L.H., Oct. 14th, a few; 23rd and 24th, along with Larks and Starlings. Bull Point L.H., Oct. 18th, about forty at 7.30 a.m. Scarweather L.V., Jan. 4th, 1885, a flock at 10.30 a.m. It is possible that in addition to _Linota cannabina_, that _flavirostris_ and even _rufescens_ may be referred to.

_Pyrrhula europæa_, Bullfinch.--Morecambe Bay L.V., Oct. 21st, several, in company with Larks, from 10 to 12 a.m., flying S.S.W.

_Plectrophanes nivalis_, Snow Bunting.--Carlisle District, Nov. 15th, first seen at Rickerby; large flocks on Crossfell same time; shot a pair of old birds, very white, at Silloth, Dec. 11th; a flock on Skinburness, same time.

_Sturnus vulgaris_, Starling.--The very numerous entries of the movements of this species would furnish quite a voluminous report in itself, and forms quite a feature of the returns. It is noted frequently at all the stations making returns, save two, between Aug. 31st, at Flatholm L.H., and Feb. 15th, 1885, at the South Bishop L.H.; often in very considerable numbers, and both during the daytime and at night, when occasionally many perish at the lanterns. The number and continuity of the movements of this species, as observed at some stations, may, in a measure, be due to its well-known habit of massing in the autumn and winter. These flocks disperse in the morning, when the birds seek their food at varying distances from their roosting-quarters. They return in the evening, and in doing so would pass many of the West Coast stations, not a few of which are situated in estuaries easily crossed. For further details of the movements of this species consult the diary preceding this section of the Report.

_Corvus corone_, Crow.--St. Tudwall's L.H., Oct. 4th, several at 9 a.m., flying W. Carnarvon Bay L.H., Oct. 23rd, a large flock, passing S. at 8 a.m. South Stack L.H., a flock, passing S. at 10 a.m. Selker L.V., Nov. 10th, one going S. at 2.30 p.m. Bideford Bar L.H., Dec. 12th, forty at 7.30 a.m.

_Corvus cornix_, Hooded Crow.--Merionethshire, one seen about the end of October. Carlisle District, "a single straggler" shot, Nov. 14th.

_Corvus frugilegus_, Rook.--Smalls L.H., Nov. 7th, seven at 9.30 a.m.; Nov. 8th, a very large flock at 10.30 a.m. Scarweather L.V., Nov. 14th, a very large flock at 11 a.m.

_Alauda arvensis_, Sky Lark.--Under this heading and the general term of "Lark" there are very numerous entries, most of which doubtless refer to this species; but experience leads one to opine that in some instances the Meadow Pipit, or "Titlark," may be meant. Recorded from most stations between Sept. 14th at Eddystone and Feb. 17th, 1885, at the South Bishop. On Oct. 21st there was a general movement, the species being observed from the Selker L.V. to the Eddystone L.H. Great numbers occurred at the Longships L.H. on Sept. 29th, at the South Bishop L.H. on Oct. 14th, and on Nov. 4th and 6th at the Smalls Rock L.H. Migrates during the daytime, and rarely at night. Mr. Hills, of the South Bishop, says that flocks of Larks pass south, during the daytime, from November until the end of January.

_Cypselus apus_, Swift.--Spring: Carlisle District, April 28th, one flying at a considerable height. Autumn: Carlisle District, Aug. 17th, one seen; another on the 19th. Flatholm L.H., Aug. 26th, continuous flocks of Swifts and Martins passing south at 10 a.m.

_Cuculus canorus_, Cuckoo.--Carlisle District, April 14th, seen and heard.

Striges "Large-horned Owl" (? _Asio accipitrinus_).--South Bishop L.H., Oct. 14th, one hovering around the lantern, between 11 p.m. and daylight, making, along with three "Falcon Hawks," "sad havoc" with the numerous smaller species present.

_Asio accipitrinus_, Short-eared Owl.--Carlisle District, Sept. 6th, one adult female; one in November; strange to say, no others.

Accipitres.--Under the heading of "Hawk" there are the following records:--Morecambe Bay L.V., May 11th, one flying E. by S. in the early morning. South Bishop L.H., Oct. 14th, between 11 p.m. and daylight, three "Falcon Hawks" and a "Large-horned Owl" made "sad havoc" among the numerous birds around the lantern. St. Tudwall's L.H., Oct. 18th, one small Hawk at sunset going S.W. Helwick L.V., Oct. 30th, a Hawk at 7 a.m.

_Falco peregrinus_, Peregrine.--Carlisle District, Oct. 11th, one, near Allonby.

_Falco æsalon_, Merlin.--Carlisle District, Oct. 27th, one seen on Rockliffe; another, male adult, shot, Nov. 8th; female and male, juv., subsequently.

_Ardea cinerea_, Heron.--Bardsey L.H., Aug. 28th, one on the island; Sept. 13th, two in the evening. St. Tudwall's L.H., Nov. 29th, one at 3 p.m.; Jan. 23rd, 1885, one at 2 p.m.

_Phalacrocorax carbo_, Cormorant.--Bull Point L.H., Aug. 22nd, six at 6 a.m., flying W. Nash (E.) L.H., Sept. 1st, one at 11 a.m., passing N.W. Bardsey L.H., Dec. 19th, four during the morning. Bahama Bank L.V., Dec. 18th and 19th, single birds seen.

"Grey Geese."--Carlisle District, Oct. 10th, large arrival, most of which passed on. Mr. Macpherson's impression is that Bean, Pink-footed, and Grey-lag, all occurred during the autumn and winter; but the only birds shot belonged to the first-named, _A. segetum_. Two of these were shot, out of a flock of twenty-five. Carnarvon Bay L.V., Jan. 4th, 1885, forty at 10 a.m., flying N.N.W.

_Chen albatus_, Snow Goose.--Carlisle District, Aug. 22nd, one adult, Allonby, 9 a.m., weather very hazy; flew from west (Irish Channel?) to east. Followed up all day, to no purpose. Seen again Sept. 8th and Oct. 14th. It is impossible to shoot Geese on the Solway in open weather, except at night.

_Bernicla leucopsis_, Barnacle Goose.--Carlisle District, large arrival about Oct. 10th. A flock of considerably more than a hundred rose off Rockliffe Marsh, and pitched on the Burgh side, early on Oct. 16th. A flock, estimated at between 600 and 1000 birds, visited Rockliffe in December.

_Cygnus bewicki_, Bewick's Swan.--Carlisle District, Nov. 23rd, single bird, Monkhill; sharp frost.

Anatidæ.--Teal. A pair noted at St. Bees on Aug. 24th. The references to Ducks, at both the Selker and Dee light-vessels, are very numerous; at the latter "Black Duck" (? Scoters) were first noted on Sept. 10th. "Ducks" are chronicled from many stations, but unfortunately without reference to species.

_Harelda glacialis_, Long-tailed Duck.--Carlisle District, immature male, Monkhill, Jan. 24th to March 19th.

_Œdemia nigra_, Common Scoter.--Carlisle District, Oct. 24th, one; others afterwards.

_Mergus merganser_, Goosander.--Carlisle District, Oct. 30th, one, immature; twelve others shot to Dec. 31st, three being adult males, which are very scarce here.

_Mergus serrator_, Merganser.--Carlisle District, Oct. 31st, immature male; another later. A scarce bird with us.

_Chaulelasmus streperus_, Gadwall.--Carlisle District, Oct. 21st, one, immature; shot on Eden.

_Querquedula circia_, Garganey.--Carlisle District, March 11th, two females, shot out of a small flock.

_Mareca penelope_, Wigeon.--Carlisle District, large flock on the Esk in mid-September.

_Fuligula marila_, Scaup.--Carlisle District, Nov. 23rd, a single adult male, Monkhill; others subsequently on Solway.

_Clangula glaucion_, Golden-eye.--Carlisle District, April 28th, two old drakes and several others at Monkhill. First, immature, Oct. 10th; numerous in November.

_Columba palumbus_, "Wood Pigeon."--Nash (E.) L.H., Oct. 12th, one killed against the lantern at 8.45 p.m.; on this night, Snipe, Woodcocks, and Lapwings were also immolated; Oct. 13th, another killed between the hours 2 and 5 a.m., again along with the species just mentioned; Oct. 15th, one killed at 11 p.m.

_Charadrius pluvialis_, Golden Plover.--Nash (E.) L.H., Oct. 11th, about a dozen, passing S. at 9.30 a.m. Caldy L.H., Oct. 29th, fourteen at 3 p.m.; "their first appearance this season." Nov. 13th, several at the lantern, along with other species, at 3.30 a.m.; two killed. 14th, a large flock at 11 a.m. Bardsey Island, Dec. 20th, 24th, and 26th, several shot. In the Carlisle District young birds were making for the coast on the 9th of July.

_Ægialitis hiaticula_, Ringed Plover.--Carlisle District, Aug. 28th, immense mixed flock of this and Dunlin; about one-third only were Dunlins; nearly all the Ringed Plover were adults, and large birds.

_Eudromias morinellus_, Dotterel.--Carlisle District, one shot, circa, April 20th; several others shot in the "Lakes" for the fly-dressers, which is much to be regretted.

_Rallus aquaticus_, Water Rail.--Nash (E.), L.H., Oct. 26th, one killed at 2.40 p.m. (westerly gale, mist and rain). Smalls Rock L.H., Nov. 6th, several, along with other species, from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. (S.E. breeze, O.M.)

_Crex pratensis_, Land Rail.--Spring: Carlisle District, April 17th, a male; 22nd, another. Autumn: Nash (E.) L.H., Sept. 12th, one killed at midnight. (E. breeze, misty); Sept. 13th, two killed at 2.15 a.m. (moderate E. breeze, misty). Bishop Rock L.H., Sept. 20th, one, along with Wheatears, struck glass between 2 and 5 a.m. Carlisle District, Oct. 28th, one at Flunby. Bardsey Island, Mr. Bowen remarks that this species came very early and left the island sooner than usual in consequence of the dry season.

_Vanellus vulgaris_, Lapwing.--St. Bees L.H., Aug. 27th, a flock of two or three hundred appeared at 10 a.m. Carnarvon Bay L.V., Oct. 2nd, one at 11 a.m. Nash (E.) L.H., Oct. 12th, Lapwings and Snipe from 9 to 11.30 a.m., three Lapwings killed; Oct. 15th, a large flock passing S.W. at 10 a.m. Bishop Rock L.H., Nov. 14th, many, along with Blackbirds, Redwings, &c., from 10 p.m. to daylight. Bardsey L.H., Dec. 10th, several during the day; Dec. 20th to 26th, flocks, along with Golden Plover. Scare weather L.V., forty or fifty at 11.30 a.m.

_Strepsilas interpres_, Turnstone.--Carlisle District, Aug. 4th, two. Skinburness, September 6th, one female, immature.

_Scolopax rusticula_, Woodcock.--Reported from two stations only. Bardsey L.H., Oct. 19th, one killed during the night. Nash (E.) L.H., Oct. 8th, one at 2.45 a.m., which, after wheeling round the lantern for some time, passed S.W. (N.E., bright and clear); Oct. 12th, two struck between 3 and 4 a.m., one killed; Oct. 13th, one killed between 2 and 5 a.m.; Oct. 14th, two killed at 3 am. Merionethshire, Oct. 14th, one in Arthog woods.

_Gallinago cœlestis_, Snipe.--Scarweather L.V., Sept. 10th, two at 1.23 p.m. Nash (E.) L.H., Oct. 12th, six struck, four of which were killed, at 7 p.m., and between 9 and 11.30 p.m. two more were killed; Oct. 13th, two killed between 2 and 5 a.m., along with Blackbirds and Woodcocks. Eddystone L.H., Nov. 10th, a male caught at lantern at 11.15 p.m. Start L.H., Nov. 12th, one killed at midnight. Bideford Bar L.H., Dec. 13th, "Eight Snipe."

_Tringa subarquata_, Curlew Sandpiper.--Carlisle District, Solway, Sept. 3, one, immature, shot with some Dunlins.

_Tringa striata_, Purple Sandpiper.--Carlisle District, a few arrived early in October; one immature, "telegraphed" Oct. 24.

_Machetes pugnax_, Buff.--Carlisle District, Aug. 30, one, female, Rockliffe; Sept. 8th, six, Burgh; Sept. 10, one, female, Skinburness; all immature, and, with the exception of the first, too hard hit for preservation.

_Tringoides hypoleucos_, Common Sandpiper.--Carlisle District, arrived on Eden, Petteril, and Caldew, on April 13th.

_Helodromas ochropus_, Green Sandpiper.--Carlisle District, Sept. 5, one shot, immature; others seen, Rockliffe, Burgh, Allonby, August and September; one, adult, seen last week December (shot January, '85).

_Totanus canescens_, Greenshank.--Carlisle District, Aug. 24th, two, male and female; Aug. 28th, saw another at Port Carlisle.

_Limosa ægocephala_, Black-tailed Godwit.--Carlisle District, Sept. 6th, one, immature, shot, another seen; Oct. 28th, one shot (these are the first since 1876, when one was shot).

_Numenius phæopus_, Whimbrel.--Carlisle District, May 10th; numerous during August and September.

_Numenius arquata_, Curlew.--Bull Point L.H., Aug. 17th, about twenty flying S.W. at 10 a.m. Bardsey L.H., Aug. 27, fourteen during the morning. Dee L.V., Aug. 29th and 30th, a flock each morning at 9.30 a.m. Helwick L.V., Sept. 10th, several passed the lantern Hying from E. to W. at 8.30 p.m. Longships L.H., Nov. 13th, one struck the lantern at 8.45 p.m., "a very rare occurrence." There are other entries concerning this species, but referring obviously to local movements only.

Sterninæ, Terns.--Bishop Rock L.H., October 5, several Sea-Swallows from sunrise to 5 p.m.; also large numbers of Gannets "after Pilchards."

_Sterna fluviatilis_, Common Tern.--Carlisle District, arrived at breeding haunts on the 4th of May.

_Sterna cantiaca_, Sandwich Tern.--Carlisle District, April 23rd, Mr. Reynolds noted its arrival on this day.

_Hydrochelidon nigra_, Black Tern.--Carlisle District, two, at the point of Rockliffe Marsh, which runs far out into the Solway, October 20th, 21st.

Larinæ, Gulls.--Nash (E.)L.H., large flocks of Common Gulls passing inland along with Crows from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. Bideford Bar L.H., Nov. 18th and 20th, flocks of Gulls all day.; Dec. 11th, about two hundred Gulls and forty Crows at 7.30 p.m. There are other references of an unimportant nature and needing no record.

_Stercorarius pomatorhinus_, Pomatorhine Skua.--Carlisle District, Oct. 28th, one, in almost adult dress, shot at Bowness; on the 26th a brisk W. gale; on 27th, high W. wind, wilder p.m.; 28th, westerly gale, a.m.

_Procellaria pelagica_, Stormy Petrel.--South Bishop L.H., Oct. 14th, from 11 p.m. to daylight, about three hundred Larks, Blackbirds, Missel and Song Thrushes, Wheatears, Goldcrests, and eight Storm Petrels were killed or captured at the lantern. Dee L.V., Oct. 25th, one alive on deck at 6 a.m.

_Procellaria leucorrhoa_, Leach's Petrel.--Carlisle District, Oct. 28th, one "telegraphed," picked up and still living.

_Puffinus_ -------- ?--Bishop Rock L.H., during August several Shearwaters struck the glass between the hour of lighting and 4 a.m., but none were killed.

_Colymbus septentrionalis_, Red-throated Diver.--Carlisle District, Nov. 1st, two seen; Nov. 7th, two, adults, shot at Bowness and Skinburness; others afterwards.

_Podiceps cristatus_, Great-crested Grebe.--Carlisle District, March 11th, one male, on Eden, adult; Oct., one near Penrith, immature.

_Mergulus alle_, Little Auk.--Carlisle District, one, adult, Brampton, about Nov. 20th-21st; severe gale from east, 18th and 19th; another, shortly after, near Cockermouth, was swimming on a small inland pool when shot; this also Mr. Macpherson examined, and believes it to be a bird of the year.

_Fratercula arctica_, Puffin.--Spring: Caldy L.H., April 9th, one hundred or more at daybreak; "the first seen this season."

_Alca torda_, Razorbill.--Longships L.H., Sept. 30th, great numbers going S. in the morning; Nov. 24th, a flock at 2 p.m. going S.S.W.; 27th, flocks at mid-day, moving S.W.

William Eagle Clarke.

IRISH COAST.

In the spring of 1884 schedules were forwarded to thirty-six light-stations. Twenty-seven replied by returning the schedules either partially, or wholly, filled with observations.

In the autumn a similar number of schedules were sent out, and twenty-six stations replied.

Several stations filled two, and some light-keepers, who took a special interest in Ornithology, returned as many as three and four schedules, both in spring and autumn. Observers placed on isolated rock stations at a distance from the coast, or on light-vessels, have, as a rule, taken the most interest in the subject of migration. This is fortunate, as such stations are least influenced by the local movements of birds on the mainland.

Observations have now been taken on the Irish coast for three years and a half, during which period a large body of statistics has been collected. Their value cannot be questioned; but as the records accumulate the importance of correctly identifying every species becomes more apparent. To attain this object the light-keepers were asked to forward the leg and wing of all birds about which they felt any doubt. Several wings, &c., have been sent, and a list of them is subsequently given. In future, it is hoped that the light-keepers will not think it too much trouble to preserve and label the wings and legs of _at least one specimen of each kind of bird which is killed at their station_. This is very desirable, since it cannot be expected that with so short experience as they have had the light-keepers would be able to identify all species beyond a doubt.

With the view of still further attaining accuracy of identification, a request was made to the Commissioners of Irish Lights to supply to the Lighthouses some copies of the eight-volume edition of Morris's 'British Birds.' The Commissioners very kindly consented to purchase and distribute six copies, and we are greatly indebted to them for thus placing in the hands of the light-keepers this useful book, which will at once assist their observations and relieve the monotony of some lonely stations. The stations which have received copies of Morris are the Tuskar, Tearaght, Rathlin, Innishtrahull, Rockabill, and Coningbeg Light-ship.

Since the volumes have been distributed in the summer of 1884, some records have appeared in the schedules which are highly improbable. They appear due to the fact that the bird seen had some slight resemblance to a rare species figured in Morris. On the other hand, the coloured figures have been the means of correcting many errors.

The schedules for 1884 exhibit or emphasize the following points:--

In 1884 the number of birds has been equal to, and in a few instances above, the average.

The bulk of the migrants arrive on the southern half of the east coast of Ireland, and on the easternmost of our southern counties,--in other words, along the shore extending from Dublin to Waterford, and having its limits at Rockabill Lighthouse and Dungarvan Lighthouse.

A _marked_ migratory movement might be expected in our northeastern counties between Scotland and Ireland, where the Channel is narrowest; but we have no evidence that such is the case.

The usual course taken by birds seems to be either N.W. or S.E. The number of birds which only occur singly and do not seem to migrate in flocks is large. In such instances it is difficult to trace the line of migration.

The occurrences now noted of the Greenland Falcon, properly belong to the same flight that has already been noticed in last year's Report.

As might be expected, the Snow Bunting is of more frequent occurrence on our western and northern coasts. A few remained as late as the first week in May, and it was again seen early in September, dates which have not hitherto been recorded in Ireland. Geese were also more numerous on the northern and western coasts than elsewhere.

A remarkable migration of the Rook was observed at the Tearaght and Skelligs, both stations being several miles off the coast of Kerry. It lasted for three weeks, from Nov. 2nd to 20th, the direction of flight being from west to east. The light-keepers were puzzled to know where the birds came from, the nearest land to the west being America. [See general remarks of light-keepers, and also under Rook].

The greatest immigration of Thrushes occurred between the 14th and 20th of October; Starlings, 18th to 20th October, and the first fortnight in November; Blackbirds, October 24th; Swallows, about the 12th May. Whimbrel were more plentiful than usual at our southern stations when going north in the spring.

The migration of the Starling is perhaps more evident than that of any other bird; they _strike_ in the greatest numbers. Woodcocks, on the other hand, usually strike singly; it is a rare occurrence to have more than one killed on the same night. Very few birds of any kind strike the lights on the west coast of Ireland.

Sea-birds scarcely ever strike the lanterns. The instances are so few of birds striking on clear nights, that they do not number half a dozen per annum.

Some evidence has been given that the Wren is resident on the Tearaght, Skelligs, and Eagle Islands, all three very bare and isolated rocks on the west coast; but the specimens received differ in no respect from the Common Wren of the mainland. The Hedgesparrow was also received from the Tearaght, and several are stated to have remained there during last winter.

An interesting observation was made by Mr. McCarron, of the Tearaght, who watched an old Razorbill dive beneath its young one and rise exactly underneath it. The young one was thus raised on the back of the old bird, which carried it in this position over the waves in a rough sea. This occurrence was witnessed several times.

The transfer of the light-keepers from one station to another is unavoidable, and changes are made by the Commissioners every year. There are instances in which one might imagine that the birds had followed the migration of a particular light-keeper, if he has been a more careful observer than his predecessor at that station.

We trust the efforts made to enable the birds to be identified will succeed in time; the various kinds of Gulls are much confused, and the Puffin, Razorbill, and Guillemot are constantly doing duty for each other. Redwings, Thrushes, and Fieldfares are not always distinguished; while Larks, Linnets, and Finches are perhaps too closely associated in the minds of some light-keepers. By the production of specimens in future, we trust that some of these difficulties will be removed.

The insertion in the schedules of the column for the _direction_ of flight has, we think, been of advantage.

Single Hawks appear occasionally with rushes of small birds, perhaps to capture the disabled ones.

There is one record of Bats being seen at Rockabill, around the light, the first instance of such an occurrence on the Irish coast.

As our records increase and statistics accumulate, it becomes the more necessary that the investigation should be continued, so that results may be confirmed beyond question.

To all the light-keepers who have, again, so kindly given their time and attention to the subject of migration, we are much indebted. We feel sure that many are anxious to continue their observations, and that none who are able will refuse to further our enquiry.

To the Commissioners of Irish Lights, who have supplied six copies of Morris's 'British Birds' to the light-keepers, and subscribed for twenty-four copies of the Report, we are under the deepest obligations, and it is very encouraging to meet with such valuable assistance from a Public Board whose co-operation is so essential to the success of our undertaking.

To Mr. Armstrong, the courteous Secretary to the Commissioners, and to Captain Boxer, R.N., and to Captain Gallway, R.N., our thanks are especially due.

Alexander G. More. Richard M. Barrington.

_19th May, 1885._

List of Light-stations.

Miles
from
Sp. Au. Shore. Names of Observers

1. Fastnet, Co. Cork x x 8 James Walsh.
2. Galley Head, Cork o o -- _No replies._
3. Old Head, Kinsale, Cork x x -- Martin Kennedy.
4. Mine Head, Waterford -- -- -- No schedule sent.
5. Dungarvan, Waterford x x -- Wm. Higginbotham.
5.*Coningbeg Lt.-ship, Wexford x x 10 Patrick Cullen and
William Clydesdale.
6. Barrels Rock Lt.-ship, do. x x 4 Michael Doyle.
7. Tuskar Rock, do. x x 7 Richard Hamilton and
Patrick D'Arcy.
8. Arklow Sth. Lt.-ship, Wicklow x x 7 Patrick Clancy.
8.*Arklow North Lt.-ship, do. x x 8 William Daly.
10. Kish Bank Lt.-ship, Dublin x o 7 Michael Cunniam.
11. Howth Baily, Dublin o x -- William Dunne.
12. Rockabill, Dublin x x 5 Joseph Hammond.
13. Copeland Island, Down x o 3 John Walsh.
14. Maidens, Antrim x x 5 Michael Barry.
15. Rathlin, Antrim x x 6 John A. Murray.
16. Innishtrahull, Donegal x o 6 W. H. James.
17. Dunree Head, Donegal x x -- John Stapleton.
18. Lough Swilly, Donegal -- -- -- No schedule sent.
19. Tory Island, Donegal x o 9 Thomas Sweeny.
20. Arranmore, Donegal x x 5 Henry Williams.
21. Rathlin O'Birne, Donegal x o 2 John Scallan.
22. Killybegs, Donegal o x -- Joseph Hill.
23. Oyster Island, N. Sligo x o 1 Joseph Hill.
24. Broadhaven, Mayo x x -- Patrick Keenan.
25. Eagle Island, E., Mayo o x 2 Daniel Hawkins.
26. Eagle Island, W., Mayo o o 2 _No replies._
27. Blackrock, Mayo x x 9 John Redmond, J. Young
and B. Lyons.
28. Blacksod Point, Mayo o x -- Robt. W. Redmond.
29. Clare Island, Mayo x x 4 G. H. Brownell.
30. Slyne Head, N., Galway o x 3 Robert Tyrrell.
31. Slyne Head, S., Galway -- -- 3 No schedule sent.
32. Arran Island, N., Galway o x 9 Thomas Fortune.
33. Straw Island, Galway x x 9 Charles Boyle.
34. Arran Island, S., Galway o o 6 _No replies._
36. Samphire Island, Kerry -- -- ½ No schedule sent.
37. Tearaght, Kerry x x 9 Edward McCarron.
38. Valencia, Kerry x x -- Joseph Williams.
39. Skelligs, Kerry x x 9 Thomas Kerley.
40. Dursey Island, Cork x o ½ James Keenan.
X/

Notes

Sp. = Spring. Au. = Autumn.
o = No reply. x = Schedule returned partly or wholly filled.

Spring, 36 schedules sent out; replies received, 27.
Autumn, 36 schedules sent out; replies received, 26.

List of Birds noticed.

Number of Lighthouses at which the following Birds are reported to have struck the Lantern-glass at Night.

Lighthouses.| Lighthouses.
"Small Grey Hawk" 1 | Chaffinch 2
Thrush 10 | Greenfinch 2
Redwing 1 | Linnet 2
Fieldfare 3 | Starling 11
Blackbird 9 | Swallow 4
Robin 4 | Green Plover 1
"Stonechat" (Wheatear) 4 | Sea-pie 1
Willow Wren} | Curlew and Whimbrel 3
Chiffchaff } 3 | Woodcock 6
Golden-crested Wren 7 | Snipe 3
Wren 7 | Wild Duck 1
"Tits" 1 | Stormy Petrel 5
Titlark 4 | Manx Shearwater 3
Lark 9 |

The foregoing table does not show the relative _numbers_ of birds striking; it only exhibits the _number of stations_ at which each species is reported to have struck. For example, the Blackbird is reported to have struck the glass at nine stations, but hundreds did so, and were killed or disabled; the Woodcock struck at six stations, but only seven birds actually struck, all of which were killed outright.

Sea-birds rarely strike, and land-birds seem to strike lighthouses on islands more than on headlands.

The light-keepers having been requested to forward a leg and wing of every bird which they were not able to identify with certainty, the following were received:

Leg and wing of Ring Ouzel from the Skelligs shot Sept. 17th.
Skin of the Hedgesparrow from Tearaght " Oct. 3rd.
Wing of the Black Redstart from Skelligs " Nov. 13th.
Two Snow Buntings in summer plumage from Arranmore " 1st week in May.
Snow Bunting in winter plumage from Skelligs " Sept. 18th.
Wing of the Greenfinch from Skelligs " Nov.
Leg and wing of a hen Chaffinch from Tearaght " Oct. 26th.
*Leg of a Chough from Tearaght.
*Leg and wing of a Woodcock from Tearaght.
Leg and wing of Corn Crake from Rockabill. Struck lantern. Sent May 10th.
Skin of a Water Rail from St. John Point. Struck lantern.
Skin of a young Razorbill from Tearaght shot Jan. 13th, 1885.
*Wings of the Stormy Petrel from Tearaght.
A Wren in the flesh from Eagle Island.
Do. do. Skelligs " Sept. 4th.
Snow Bunting from Eagle Island " April 16th.

* Obtained where the Peregrine feeds on rock.

General Remarks of Light-Keepers.

_Fastnet._--"Spring: The Gannet does not breed on the rock, and never did; in fact no bird could build, as the rock is too small. There has been a great scarcity of birds this spring. No birds of any description seen in June or to 16th July."--James Walsh.

_Old Head, Kinsale._--"Spring: I understand from those fishing off this head that sea-birds arrive on the fishing grounds from daylight to 10 a.m., always from the eastward. Sky Larks, Titlarks, two Falcon Hawks, thirty to forty Rock Pigeons, Grey Crows, Kittiwake Gulls, Green and Black Cormorants, and Sea-pies, are resident here. The Puffin arrives about 15th April, and leaves 15th Aug. Snipe are always to be found near a lake three miles away, and Curlew, Wild Duck, Coot, and Waterhen are there all the year. Autumn: Saw one Rook with white wings in a flock. Birds very scarce. Not one Golden Plover seen. No bird struck the lantern."--Martin Kennedy.

_Mine Head._--No reply.

_Coningbeg Light-ship._--"Spring: Great flocks of Puffins pass almost daily in the summer months from the Saltee Islands, where they breed, going off during the day and returning in the early morning [? R. M. B.] about sunrise. Several species of Gull fly off during the day and return in the evening to the rocks. No Gannets frequent the Saltees, but Cormorants in great numbers."--Patrick Cullen.

_Tuskar Rock._--"Spring: No birds seen in January but sea-fowl. A remarkable absence of sea-birds this year. March 25th was the last day I saw Divers; they generally return in Oct. The young or Black Gannet have come since the 1st June in small numbers, accompanied by some white ones. Autumn: I have received the eight volumes of Morris' 'British Birds,' and am sorry to say that all birds heretofore entered as 'Titmice' were probably Willow or other warblers, and 'Titlarks' were Rock Pipits. Most of the small land-birds rest on the rock for about five minutes before flying to shore (seven miles distant). I enter no sea-birds, as they mostly come and go with fish."--Richard Hamilton and Patrick D'Arcy.

_Howth Baily._--"Spring: No birds observed migrating. Gulls and Puffins in vicinity nearly always."--William Dunne.

_Rockabill._--"July 14th. Bats about light all night. Wind light, S.W."--Joseph Hammond.

[This is the first entry of Bats since the observation commenced on Irish coast in 1881. Rockabill is five miles from shore on the Dublin coast.--R. M. B.]

_South Maidens._--"From 1st to 25th March no birds seen except Seagulls. It is remarkable how few of the birds seen here strike the lantern glass. From the 30th March to the 23rd April no birds seen here but the Solan Goose and Seagulls, the former coming from the direction of Ailsa Craig. During December there were scarcely any land-birds. The birds commonly found dead after striking the lantern are Blackbirds, Curlew Larks, and Thrushes."--Michael Barry.

[There is no entry of either a Blackbird or Curlew having been killed at South Maidens in 1884.--R. M. B.]

_Rathlin Island._--"Spring: Birds were not at all numerous this season."--John A. Murray.

_Innishtrahull._--"Spring: The following birds breed on this island:--Titlarks, Sandlarks, Stonechickers (Wheatears), Grey Crows, and Pigeons. On the out rocks, Seapies and Gulls; and Cormorants on a rock six miles away."--W. H. James.

_Dunree Head._--"Spring: No birds struck the light for the past six years. I have never been at a station so scarce of birds of every description."--John Stapleton.

_Tory Island._--"Spring: Sea-birds first visit this island about 15th April for breeding, _i.e._, Guillemots, Gulls, Cormorant, Puffin, Razorbill, and Green Cormorant. Birds of all kinds scarce this year. No birds struck lantern."--T. H. Sweeny and R. C. Duffy.

_Killybegs._--"A very poor station for birds."--Joseph Hill.

_Eagle Island, East._--"The grass on this island is short and stunted, and not sufficiently long to afford cover or shelter for birds. I have not seen or heard any birds strike the lantern. No night migration was observable on this island. There is not a bush or hedgerow within forty miles."--Daniel Hawkins.

_Blacksod._--"Very few birds to be seen here. No birds strike the lantern glass."--Robert W. Redmond.

_Clare Island._--"The birds came to breed in the cliffs a couple of weeks earlier than usual. From April 20th to end of month, large numbers of sea-birds continually arrived to breed. The sea-birds that hatched this summer were very numerous. They will all be taking their departure by the end of August. During October few birds inhabit the island, except Grouse, Curlew, Wild Pigeon, Snipe, and a few Woodcocks and Cormorants; and round the rocks a few Great Northern Divers. The Eagles did great destruction, killing geese and hens. There are a great number of Seals in the caves. A boat and crew killed six large ones in one day in the caves, armed with nothing but heavy sticks. There are a number of Otters about the cliffs. In stormy weather they come near the lighthouse. One night in Dec. I heard one barking, and saw him go down to the sea afterwards."--George H. Brownell.

_Slyne Head, North._--"Very few land birds seen this winter. The sea-fowl are about the island at all times. The number of birds striking lantern is less than preceding year."--Robert Tyrrell.

_Arran Island, North._--"During August a great number of Sandlarks, Sea-pie, Curlew, and Titlarks, remained on island. Puffins, Gannets, Gulls, and Cormorants flying past occasionally. Redshanks, Sea-pie, Sandlarks, and Curlew during fine weather remain on island; when rough they go to the big island of Arran."--Thomas Fortune.

_Straw Island._--"Spring: The following species were never so scarce:--Gulls, Gannets, Puffins, and Sea-pies. I have never seen so few birds early in spring, but as the spring advanced the numbers of Linnets, Fieldlarks, Stonechats, and Yellowhammers increased so much that I have not seen such numbers for many years past. The different species of Gull and Cormorant remain throughout the year; they breed on the cliffs on the large island of Arran. No birds ever strike this lantern, the light being red, and not showing in the direction of the general flight of birds. Autumn: I have noticed fewer birds than usual. The Cormorant, White-backed Gull, and Royal Gull are the only species remaining during the winter. A number of small birds, such as Thrushes, Blackbirds, Starling, Linnets, &c., frequently fly from the mainland, especially in severe weather. All through the autumn to the present (Dec. 30th) I have remarked flights of wild Duck and Barnacle going N.E."--Charles Boyle.

_Tearaght._--"I heard the Manx Shearwater for the first time this year on the night of April 10th, but as usual the note ceased after the moon rose. I have not seen any of the 'Mackerel Cock' since March 29th. [A specimen of 'Mackerel Cock' sent Jan., 1885, was a young Razorbill in winter plumage.--R. M. B.] Birds remaining on the island on July 31st:--Sea-parrots, Razorbills, Guillemots (only a few), Kittiwakes, Royal Gulls, and the large White Gulls, Stormy Petrels, Sea-pies, Choughs, and Hooded Crows. Birds remaining Jan. 15th, 1885:--Razorbills (young), Kittiwakes (old), _Royal Gulls_, _Herring Gulls_ (young and old), _Chough_, _Hooded Crow_, _Wrens_, Titlarks, _Rock Pipit_, _Peregrine Falcon_, _Sparrow-Hawk_, Mountain Linnet (Twite), Gannets, Chaffinch, Greenfinch, Rock Pigeon, and Cormorants. Those in italics are always here. The Herring Gull was called previously 'large white Gull.' I wish to draw special attention to the great number of 'Crows' which passed over this island from the 5th to the 25th Nov. They were flying at a height of seven or eight hundred feet. When passing this island their flight would become irregular. Some rested for a little while, and a few were to be seen some days afterwards having a tired appearance." [I expressed a doubt about the identification of the species to Mr. McCarron.--R. M. B.] He then wrote:--"I was standing within ten paces of one several minutes, and it had not the excrescence round the base of bill, and I think I am correct in saying it was not the Rook." [Neither Mr. More nor myself have ever seen a freshly killed Irish specimen of the Carrion Crow. In the 3rd 'Report on Migration,' p. 86, large flights of Rooks coming from the sea in a S.W. direction are mentioned as occurring at Blackrock Lighthouse, nine miles off Mayo.--R. M. B.]

Eagle.

_Clare Island._--April 4th, a young speckled Eagle perched at noon on a pinnacle of cliff about two hundred yards from lighthouse, then went to its eyrie in the highest cliffs. The two Eagles are here still in their usual abode in the highest cliffs. Nov. 20th, large Eagle close to station.

_Tearaght._--Jan. 16th, 1885, one passed from E. in front of dwellings, and round west of island, when it rose to a great height and moved steadily N.E. towards mainland, accompanied for some distance by three Choughs and a Peregrine Falcon, which appeared mere specks beside it. Frost and snow on Kerry mountains.

Greenland Falcon.

_Blackrock, Mayo._--March 10th, one Greenland Falcon about all day; wind S.W., strong, snow showers. The Falcon was shot, and was much smaller than the other one, only in better condition. [The "other one" probably refers to the specimen entered in the schedule for 1883; see 5th Report, p. 90.--R. M. B.]

_Tearaght._--March 23rd, one Greenland Falcon shot 10 a.m.; wind S., light, clear; length from tips of wings, 48½ inches; from beak to tail, 22 inches; weight, 3 lbs. 6. oz. March 24th, one seen to-day devouring a sea-parrot. April 2nd, one shot, smaller and whiter than the bird killed on March 23rd. April 7th, two to-day, each time pursued by Crows. April 21st, a very large one pounced upon a sea-parrot and carried it off to an adjoining island. [The specimens killed on March 23rd and April 2nd were recorded in Report for 1883.--R. M. B.]

Hawks.

_Fastnet._--Sept. 15th, one seen. Oct. 15th, one Black Hawk 10 a.m., going E.; wind N.W., light, misty. Nov. 14th, one Hawk seen.

_Old Head, Kinsale._--May 7th, two Falcons and one "Goshawk" all day; wind N.E., strong. The Falcons never leave here. The "Goshawk" always goes inland. June 8th, two Falcon Hawks, resident; 24th, one "Goshawk" shot. Nov. 4th, two Falcons going N.W.; stormy from S.W.

_Dungarvan._--April 11th, one Falcon Hawk. May 9th, one. Coningbeg Light-ship.--September 22nd, one Sparrow Hawk. Oct. 10th, one, with a Stormy Petrel in its talons. Nov. 21st, one.

_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--Oct. 24th, one Hawk. Nov. 18th, one.

_Tuskar Rock._--May 11th, one Hawk on rock, fog; 27th, one on rock. Aug. 23rd, one 8 a.m. Oct. 5th, one 9 a.m.

_Arklow North Light-ship._--Sept. 8th, two Sparrow Hawks about ship 6.30 a.m.; wind N.W., light, haze; 14th, a large Hawk at 8 a.m. Oct. 2nd, one Hawk. Dec. 22nd, two Hawks about ship.

_Rockabill._--July 1st, one Hawk caught alive. Sept. 1st, one Hawk seen. Oct. 6th, do.; 23rd, one Hawk, with Golden Wrens, Thrushes, Blackbirds, Stares, and Larks; "several killed but not the Hawk." Nov. 9th, 10th, and 11th, Hawk, with Blackbirds, Thrushes, Stares, and Fieldfares; several of latter killed striking; 16th and 17th, one Hawk.

_South Maidens._--Oct. 24th, two Hawks over rock.

_Rathlin Island._--Oct. 24th, one Sparrow Hawk on island; wind N., light.

_Innishtrahull._--April 1st, one small bluish Hawk; wind strong S. May 7th, one small bluish Hawk and two brown Hawks; 9th, three Sparrow Hawks (young); 25th, a Sparrow Hawk. July 18th, four Sparrow Hawks, remained about a week.

_Tory Island._--A pair of "Game Hawks" breed in the cliffs.

_Arranmore._--March 22nd, two Peregrines and two Sparrow Hawks arrived to breed; wind N., fresh.

_Rathlin O'Birne._--March 9th, two Hawks; I have seen them kill small birds.

_Eagle Island, East._--Oct. 13th, one Sparrow Hawk, at noon, hovering.

_Blackrock, Mayo._--July 16th, one Falcon at 3 p.m. going E.; wind strong S.W.; seen carrying off a Puffin. Sept. 3rd, two Falcons at 7 a.m. going S.W.; wind N.W., fresh; 9th, one seen alighting on rock to eat a bird it caught; 29th, one Falcon. Oct. 14th, two Sparrow Hawks going N.E.; 29th, two Falcons hovering high over rock. Dec. 3rd, two.

_Clare Island._--June 1st, six Kestrel Hawks building in the cliffs. The "large Kestrel Hawk" remained until end of Dec.

_Arran Island, North._--Oct. 1st, one "Brown Hawk" all day.

_Straw Island._--March 30th, one Sparrow Hawk going N. Nov. 23rd, two going E.

_Tearaght._--Feb. 5th, two "Sparrow Hawks" and two Peregrine Falcons breed here; may be seen from time to time about the island. Aug. 13th and 14th, two "Brown Hawks" on island. Sept. 5th, "small Gray Hawk" rested on island; Sept. 11th to 16th, one "Brown Hawk." Oct. 8th, one struck glass on S. side at 6 p.m.; strong gale from N.W., with showers.

_Valencia._--April 7th, two large Hawks; 20th, four Sparrow Hawks; 26th, six large Hawks; 30th, five Sparrow Hawks. June 4th and 6th, two and three. Sept. 5th, one. Oct. 5th, one.

Owl.

_Old Head, Kinsale._--Nov. 10th, one "Brown Owl" 10 a.m., going W.; wind S.S.E.; shot.

_Dungarvan._--Sept. 3rd, a "large Owl" started from gorse.

_Tuskar Rock._--Nov. 12th, a "short-eared Owl" came from E. and alighted on rock at 2 p.m.; wind strong S.E.

_Broadhaven._--Nov. 19th, one "Brown Owl" going E. 9 a.m.; wind fresh N.W. Dec. 19th, one "Screech Owl" rose out of a swamp; an unusual visitor.

Thrushes.

_Fastnet._--April 3rd, three "Mountain Thrushes" going N.E. at 5 a.m., wind E.S.E., clear; rested on rock several hours. Oct. 14th, five at midnight; wind light N.W., fog. Nov. 14th, seven "Mountain Thrushes" all night around lantern; wind N.E., misty.

_Old Head, Kinsale._--Nov. 12th, a large number of Thrushes about station all day; wind N., fresh.

_Tuskar Rock._--March 1st, striking in small numbers 11.30 p.m.; wind moderate S.E., misty, overcast; 2nd, five killed striking; fog; 4th, thirty killed striking in night; wind high S.E., rainy, overcast, and passing all day to W. Oct. 15th, one on rock after night; 16th, Thrushes passing N.W. 9 p.m. to 10.30 p.m.; wind light W., misty; one killed striking; 23rd, flocks passing at night to 3 a.m., one killed striking; overcast; 24th, flocks passing at night to 3 a.m., five killed striking; cloudy. Nov. 2nd, one all day on rock; wind N.W., fresh. Dec. 21st, one killed striking at 1 a.m.; clear, wind N., strong.

_Arklow South Light-ship._--Sept. 30th, flock about ship, 6 a.m.; clear, wind light S.W. Oct. 16th, one struck lantern, 9.30 p.m., killed; overcast; 20th, four killed striking from 8 p.m. to midnight; wind light S.W., gloomy, with rain; 24th, four killed striking up to midnight; wind light N.E., gloomy; 25th, flock going N.W. Nov. 17th and 18th, Thrushes about lantern all night, cloudy, none killed; wind fresh N.E.

_Arklow North Light-ship._--March 4th, some Thrushes killed striking; wind N.E., overcast; 19th, some about lantern all night; wind light S.W., clear. Oct. 21st, flocks going N.W.; wind light S.W.; some killed striking; hazy. Dec. 27th, eight killed striking from midnight to 5 a.m.; wind light S., hazy, with rain.

_Howth Baily._--Sept. 8th, three against glass at night; wind light S.W., overcast, gloomy; Sept. 9th to 13th, Thrushes about station fly against glass all night; two killed.

_Rockabill._--March 1st, Thrushes all night about the light; wind S.E., misty; two dozen killed striking. Oct. 5th, Thrushes all night; misty, wind N.E., light; 18th, 19th, and 20th, Thrushes all day; wind light N.W.; 21st, Thrushes all day; 23rd, all day and night, some killed; wind S.E., gloomy; 24th, Thrushes all night, some killed; wind S.E., misty. Nov. 9th, 10th, and 11th, Thrushes all night, numbers killed striking; wind S.E., misty; 14th and 15th, Thrushes around light, some killed; wind E. to N.E., light, gloomy. Dec. 1st, Thrushes.

_South Maidens._--February 25th, five "Scotch Thrushes" (Redwings?) killed striking, and a few disabled at 4 p.m. [? a.m.--R. M. B.] Wind N., light, gloomy. Oct. 20th, one killed striking 11 p.m.; 23rd, nine Thrushes, killed striking, fell into the sea.

_Rathlin Island._--Oct. 8th, one struck at midnight, caught; wind light S.E.; 15th, 11 p.m., one caught; wind N.W., light, fog.

_Arranmore._--Nov. 30th, four Thrushes killed striking 9 p.m.; wind W., strong, fog. Dec. 28th, seven seen.

_Rathlin O'Birne._--March 12th, four going N.; wind S.

_Killybegs._--Oct. 13th, one killed striking 1 a.m.; wind N.W., gloomy, misty.

_Eagle Island, East._--Dec. 15th, two seen.

_Slyne Head, North._--Nov. (4th?), five killed striking lantern.

_Tearaght._--March 5th, one; not observed afterwards.

_Valencia._--April 9th, two; 12th, five. May 18th, eight. June 15th, one.

_Skelligs._--Oct. 24th, two Thrushes on rock. Nov. 4th, Thrushes observed on rock this day. Dec. 22nd, a few on rock during month.

Redwing.

_Tuskar Rock._--Oct. 12th, one killed striking 11.30 p.m.; wind N., strong, squally; the first this season. Oct. 21st, 22nd, 23rd, and 24th, flocks passing N.W. at night to 3.30 a.m.; wind S. to S.W. (N. on 24th), light, overcast, and misty; four killed striking. Nov. 18th, one struck; 19th, do., neither killed; 30th, three killed striking 3 to 5 a.m.; misty.

_Tearaght._--Nov. 19th, several Redwings, and one or two might be observed from time to time afterwards.

_Skelligs._--Nov. 4th, Redwing seen on rock.

Fieldfare.

_Tuskar Rock._--Nov. 18th, one killed striking; wind N.E., cloudy. Dec. 25th, one killed striking; wind N.E., fresh, clear.

_Howth Baily._--Sept. 9th to 13th, some "Fieldfares" about lantern at night.

_Rockabill._--Nov. 9th, 10th, and 11th, Fieldfares, with Blackbirds, Stares, and Thrushes all night; some killed; wind S.E., misty.

_Arranmore._--Nov. 12th, six arrived on island; wind S.W., strong.

_Tearaght._--Nov. 14th, one struck lantern 3 a.m.; calm, gloomy. Two or three observed on several occasions afterwards.

Blackbird.

_Fastnet._--Sept. 19th, one all day; foggy; 20th, one seen.

_Dungarvan._--Oct. 24th, two females struck; not killed; wind N., light, cloudy.

_Coningbeg Light-ship._--Oct. 22nd, twenty about light 9 to 12 p.m.: wind light S., clear. Nov. 18th, one going N.E.

_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--Oct. 23rd, one killed against rigging 4 a.m.; wind S.W., moderate, gloomy.

_Tuskar Rock._--March 4th, fifty killed striking in night; wind high S.E., rainy, overcast; flocks in day passing to W. Sept. 21st, one struck lantern; not killed; wind light S.E., foggy; the first this autumn. Oct. 7th, one female on rock; 10th, one; 15th, one; 21st, flocks passing in night; some killed striking; misty; 22nd, flocks at night; fifteen killed striking (eleven were females); misty, wind light S.W.; 23rd, flocks passing at night; nineteen killed striking, mostly females; overcast, wind the same; 24th, still passing at night; ten killed; wind N.W. to N.E., light, cloudy. Redwings and Thrushes passed with the Blackbirds the last four nights, and all are entered as passing before 3.30 a.m. Nov. 11th, two killed striking; overcast; 17th, passing N.E. in threes and fours during day; 30th, five killed (three males, two females); misty. Dec. 2nd, one male killed striking; fog. Dec. 21st, two killed; sky clear.

_Arklow South Light-ship._--Oct. 8th, Blackbirds about lantern 1 to 4 a.m.; hazy, wind light N.W.; 25th, large flock flying N.W.; wind light N.W. Nov. 17th and 18th, Blackbirds about lantern all night; cloudy, wind light N.E.

_Arklow North Light-ship._--March 4th, Blackbirds killed striking; wind N.E., light, overcast. June 10th, some Blackbirds found dead. Oct. 21st, flocks passing N.W.; some killed striking; wind light S.W., hazy. Dec. 27th, five killed striking midnight to 5 a.m.; wind light S., hazy, with rain.

_Howth Baily._--Sept. 8th, seven against lantern in night; one killed; wind light S.W., overcast, gloomy; 9th to 13th, Blackbirds about station fly against glass in night; one killed.

_Rockabill._--Oct. 5th, Blackbirds all night; misty, wind light N.E.; 18th, 19th, and 20th, all day; wind light N.W.; 21st, all day and night; wind S.E., gloomy; some killed; 24th, all night; some killed; misty. Nov. 9th, 10th, and 11th, Blackbirds all night, with Thrushes, Stares, and Fieldfares; numbers killed; misty, wind S.E.; 14th, several killed; wind E., gloomy; 15th, do.; wind N.E., gloomy. Dec. 16th and 17th, Blackbirds and Stares all day.

_Copeland Island._--March 20th, three killed striking; wind W., strong, squally.

_South Maidens._--Oct. 8th, one on rock all day. Nov. 29th, one Blackbird at 4 a.m.; wind S.E., very strong.

_Rathlin Island._--Dec. 27th, six remaining.

_Arranmore._--Jan. 5th, 1885, eight Blackbirds; wind light S.E.

_Rathlin O'Birne._--June 4th, three on island. Seen in summer. [Possibly Ring Ouzels.--R. M. B.]

_Eagle Island, East._--Nov. 10th, one seen.

_Blackrock, Mayo._--Jan. 5th, 1885, one struck lantern at 9 p.m. and was killed; wind fresh W., cloudy.

_Slyne Head, North._--Dec. 11th, one seen on island at II a.m.

_Straw Island._--Oct. 17th, thirty going N.E.; calm

_Tearaght._--Feb. 22nd, one. March 4th, one. Nov. 10th, one, female, and several times afterwards.

_Valencia._--Sept. 7th, Nov. 16th, Dec. 15th and 25th, one to four.

_Skelligs._--Oct. 24th, two Blackbirds on rock. Dec, a few on rock during month.

Ring Ouzel.

_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--March 29th, one "Blackbird" resting on ship was caught; it had a white stripe of feathers across its breast.

_Tuskar Rock._--April 18th, one "white-breasted Blackbird" caught at lantern 10 p.m.; wind light N.E.

_Skelligs._--April 12th, "six birds, not known; much the colour of a hen Blackbird, only with a white spot on the throat; at least half the birds were so marked, the others being a lighter shade of brown instead of white on the throat." [These last were probably females.--R. M. B.] Sept. 17th, one flying about rock. [Leg and wing of this bird received.--R. M. B.]

Hedge Sparrow.

_Tearaght._--Oct. 3rd, two (Pipits?) "Several on island all the winter. It goes alone, and pops about under rocks and stones, and has a single little cheep." [The skin was forwarded, and belongs to the Hedge Sparrow. Can it be resident on this bare and isolated rock?--R. M. B.]

Robin.

_Tuskar Rock._--Aug. 27th, one killed at lantern; wind light N.W., overcast.

_Howth Baily._--Sept. 8th, four Robins at night against lantern; two killed; wind light S.W., overcast, gloomy; 9th to 13th, some Robins about lantern at night.

_South Maidens._--Oct. 4th, two struck 10 p.m.; hazy, calm.

_Rathlin Island._--Aug. 21st, one Robin killed striking. Sept. 10th, one Redbreast all day; remains. Nov. 23rd, two; remain.

_Rathlin O'Birne._--July 6th, two Robins on island. These birds are scarce here.

_Valencia._--Oct. 16th, Nov. 17th, and Dec. 6th, one seen.

Redstart (Black).

_Straw Island._--Oct. 22nd, two at noon going S.E.

_Tearaght._--Nov. 10th, one Black Redstart 8 a.m.; wind E., light; 12th, two, but none afterwards.

_Skelligs._--Nov. 13th, two birds about the size of a Robin and similar movements; rusty red On back at tail, and tail of a reddish colour. [Wing of Black Redstart received.--R. M. B.]

"Stonechat" (Wheatear).

_Fastnet._--Sept. 15th, two disabled striking at midnight; rainy and thick. Oct. 3rd, about twenty 11 a.m. going N.E.; wind N.W., light.

_Old Head, Kinsale._--April 27th, six Wheatears 9 a.m.; wind N., light; remained to breed. Nov. 17th, Stonechats about station all day.

_Dungarvan._--March 20th, one Wheatear; wind N., strong. April 3rd, a number going N.W.; wind S.E., fresh. June 17th, a few on walls of station.

_Tuskar Rock._--March 1st, one at lantern; wind S., fresh, misty. April 25th, one at lantern; clear. May 26th, Stonechatter alighted on rock. July 28th, Aug. 3rd and 17th, one to three Wheatears; 27th, one killed striking; overcast. One or two on rock occasionally to Sept. 25th.

_Arklow North Light-ship._--April 24th, some Stonechatters at 6.30 a.m. about ship; wind S.E., light.

_South Maidens._--Aug. 21st, two Stonechatters killed against lantern.

_Rathlin Island._--April 10th, six seen; wind S.E.; 13th, ten; wind N. Aug. 23rd, three killed striking. Sept. 11th, two all day; 18th, one killed striking 11 p.m.; wind light S.E.

_Innishtrahull._--March 21st, "Stonechickers" (Wheatear) 10 a.m.; wind high N.W.; first seen this season; 24th and 25th, five to eight about lantern all night; wind S.W. to S.E., gloomy and cloudy. April 12th to 15th, "Stonechickers;" these are about all day, and around lantern at night; wind S.E. to N., fresh. A number about during July.

_Arranmore._--March 18th, fourteen arrived to breed; wind S., fresh.

_Rathlin O'Birne._--April 9th, six Stonechats going S.; wind S.E. They breed on island.

_Oyster Island, North._--March 25th, two alighted on wall; wind light S.

_Eagle Island, East._--Sept. 17th, Stonechats at 8 a.m. going S., rested: wind S.W., light; 27th, about twenty rested and left at dusk, going S.W.; wind, strong W. to S.W. Oct. 7th, Stonechats going W., rested; left at noon; misty, wind strong N.W. Nov. 3rd, about seventy going S.W.; wind light S. (See this station under head of "Linnet.")

_Clare Island._--March 31st, observed several Stonechats coming to breed; wind S.E., light.

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Report on the Migration of Birds in the Spring and Autumn of 1884. Sixth ReportChapter VI: Part 6

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