Chapter V: Part 5

From hence we allwayes kept our Course to the Westward as much as wind & weather woold permytt untill the 27th daye of Jully duringe which time wee often times Sounded but could never fynd grounde. this 27th early in the mornynge we Sounded & had ground but 18 fetham beinge then in the Lattitud of 43 degrees & ⅔ hear wee fysht three howers & tooke near to hundred of Cods very great & large fyshe bigger & larger fyshe then that which coms from the bancke of the New Found Land··hear wee myght have lodden our shipe in Lesse time then a moneth.

From hence the Wynd beinge att South west wee sett our Saills & stood by the wind west nor west towards the Land allwayes Soundinge for our better knowledg as we ran towarde the main Land from this bancke.

From this bancke ♦_Sable Bank_♦ we kept our Course west nor west 36 Leags which ys from the 27th of July untill the 30th of July in which tyme we ran 36 L as ys beffore sayed & then we Saw the Land about 10 of the Clok in the mornynge bearinge norweste from us About 10 Leags & then we Sounded & had a hundred fethams blacke oze hear as we Cam in towards the Land from this bancke we still found deepe watter. the deepest within the bancke ys 160 fethams & in 100 fetham you shall See the Land yf ytt be Clear weather after you passe the bancke the ground ys still black oze untill yo Com near the shore··this daye wee stood in for the Land but Could nott recover ytt beffor the night tooke us so we stood a Lyttell from ytt & thear strok a hull untill the next daye beinge the Laste of July hear Lyeinge at hull we tooke great stor of cod fyshes the bigeste & largest that I ever Saw or any man in our ship. this daye beinge the Last of July about 3 of the Clok in the after noon we recouered the shor & cam to an anker under an Illand ♦_Lunenburg or La Heve Nova Scotia_♦ for all this Cost ys full of Illands & broken Land but very Sound & good for shipinge to go by them the watter deepe. 18 & 20 fetham hard abord them.

This Illand standeth in the lattitud of 44 d & ½ & hear we had nott ben att an anker past to howers beffore we espyed a bisken ♦_Biscayan_♦ shallop Cominge towards us havinge in her eyght Sallvages & a Lyttell salvage boye··they cam near unto us & spoke unto us in thear Language. & we makinge Seignes to them that they should com abord of us showinge unto them knyues glasses beads & throwinge into thear bott Som bisket but for all this they wold nott com abord of us but makinge show to go from us. we suffered them. So when they wear a Lyttell from us and Seeinge we proffered them no wronge of thear owne accord retorned & cam abord of us & three of them stayed all that nyght with us the rest departed in the shallope to the shore makinge Seignes unto us that they wold retorn unto us aggain the next daye.

The next daye the Sam Salvages with three Salvage wemen beinge the fryst daye of Auguste ♦_August_♦ retorned unto us bringinge with them Som feow skines of bever in an other bisken shallop & propheringe thear skines to trook with us but they demanded ouer muche for them and we Seemed to make Lyght of them So then the other three which had stayed with us all nyght went into the shallop & So they departed··ytt Seemeth that the french hath trad with them for they use many french words the Cheeff Comander of these parts ys called Messamott & the ryver or harbor ys called emannett we take these peopell to be the tarentyns & these peopell as we have Learned sence do make wars with Sasanoa the Cheeffe Comander to the westward wheare we have planted & this Somer they kild his Sonne··So the Salvages departed from us & cam no mor unto us··After they wear departed from us we hoyssed out our bot whearin my Selffe was with 12 others & rowed to the shore and landed on this Illand that we rod under the which we found to be a gallant Illand full of heigh & myghty trees of Sundry Sorts··hear we allso found aboundance of gusberyes strawberyes rasberyes & whorts So we retorned & Cam abord.

Sondaye beinge the second of Auguste after dyner our bott went to the shore again to fille freshe watter whear after they had filled thear watter thear cam fower Salvages unto them havinge thear bowes & arowes in thear hands makinge show unto them to have them Com to the shore but our Saillers havinge filled thear watter wold nott go to the shore unto them but retorned & cam abord beinge about 5 of the Clock in the afternoon··So the bott went presently from the ship unto a point of an Illand & thear att Lo watter in on hower kild near .50. great Lopsters··you shall See them whear they ly in shold Watter nott past a yeard deep & with a great hooke mad faste to a staffe you shall hitch them up thear ar great store of them you may near Lad a Ship with them. & they are of greatt bignesse··I have nott Seen the Lyke in Ingland··So the bott retorned abord & wee toke our bott in & about myd nyght the wynd cam faier att northest we Sett Saill & departed from thence keepinge our Course South west for So the Cost Lyeth.

Mundaye being the third of Auguste in the morninge we wear faier by the shore and So Sailled alongste the Coste··we Saw many Illands all alonge the Cost & great Sounds, goinge betwyxt them, but We could make prooffe of non for want of a ♦_Pinnace_♦ penyshe··hear we found fyshe still all alonge the Cost as we Sailed.

Tusdaye being the 4th of Auguste in the morninge 5 of the Clok we wear theawart of a Cape or head Land ♦_Cape Sable_♦ Lyeing in the Latitud of 43 degrees and cam very near unto ytt. ytt ys very Low Land showinge Whytt Lyke sand but ytt ys Whytt Rocks and very stronge tides goeth hear from the place we stopt att beinge in 44 de & ½ untill this Cape or head land ytt ys all broken Land & full of Illands & Large Sounds betwixt them & hear we found fyshe aboundance so large & great as I never Saw the Lyke Cods beffor nether any man in our shipe.

After we paste this Cape or head Land the Land falleth awaye and Lyeth in norwest & by north into a greatt deep baye. ♦_Bay of Fundy_♦ We kept our course from this head Land West and Weste and by South 7 Leags and cam to thre Illands ♦_Seal and Mud Islands_♦ whear cominge near unto them we found on the Southest Syd of them a great Leadge of Rocks Lyeinge near a Leage into the Sea the which we perseavinge tackt our ship & the wynde being Large att northest Cleared our Selves of them kepinge still our course to the westward west & by South and west Southwest untill mydnyght. then after we hald in more northerly.

Wensdaye being the 5th of Auguste from after mydnyght we hald in West norwest untill 3 of the Clok afternoon of the Sam and then we Saw the Land aggain bearinge from us north weste & by north and ytt Risseth in this forme hear under. ten or 12 Leags from yo they ar three heigh mountains that Lye in upon the main Land near unto the ryver of penobskot ♦_Camdem Mountains_♦ in which ryver the bashabe makes his abod the cheeffe Comander of those parts & streatcheth unto the ryver of Sagadehock under his Comand yo shall see theise heigh mountains when yo shall not perseave the main Land under ytt they ar of shutch and exceedinge heygts: And note. that from the Cape or head Land beffor spoken of untill these heigh mountains we never Saw any Land except those three Illands also beffor mensyoned··We stood in Right with these mountains untill the next daye.

Thursdaye beinge the 6th of Auguste we stood in with this heigh Land untill 12 of the Cloke noon & then I found the shipe to be in 43 d & ½ by my observation··from thence we Sett our Course & stood awaye dew weste & Saw three other Illands ♦_Matinicus Islands_♦ Lyenge together beinge Lo & flatt by the watter showinge whytt as yff ytt wear Sand but ytt ys whytt Rocks makinge show a far of allmoste Lyke unto Dover Cleeves. & these three Illands Lye dew est & west on of the other so we Cam faier by them and as we Cam to the Westward the heygh Land beffor spoken of shewed ytt selffe in this form as followith

From hence we kept still our Course West & Weste by North towards three other Illands ♦_St. George Islands_♦ that we Sawe Lyenge from these Illands beffor spoken of 8 Leags and about ten of the Clok att nyght we recovered them & havinge Sent in our bott beffor nyght to vew ytt for that ytt was Calme & to Sound ytt & See whatt good ankoringe was under ytt we bor in with on of them the which as we cam in by we still sounded & founde very deepe watter 40 fetham hard abord of yt. So we stood in into a Coue In ytt & had 12 fetham watter & thear we ankored untill the mornynge. And when the daye appeared We Saw we weare environed Round about with Illands yo myght have told neare thirty Illands round about us from abord our shipe this Illand we Call St. Georges Illand ♦_Waymouth_♦ for that we hear found a Crosse Sett up the which we Suposse was Sett up by George Wayman.

Frydaye beinge the 7th of Auguste we wayed our Ankor whereby to bringe our shipe in mor better Safty how Soever the wynd should happen to blow and about ten of the Cloke in the mornynge as we weare standinge of a Lyttell from the Illand we descried a saill standinge in towards this Illand & we presently mad towards her & found ytt to be the gyfte our Consort So beinge all Joye full of our happy meetinge we both stood in again for the Illand we ryd under beffor & theare anckored both together.

This night followinge about myd nyght Capt. Gilbert caussed his ships bott to be maned & took to hemselffe 13 other my Selffe beinge on beinge 14 persons in all & tooke the Indyan skidwarres ♦_See page 151._♦ with us··the weather beinge faier & the wynd Calme we rowed to the Weste in amongst many gallant Illands and found the ryver of pemaquyd ♦_Pemaquid_♦ to be but 4 Leags weste from the Illand we Call St. Georges whear our ships remained still att anckor. hear we Landed in a Lyttell Cove by skyd warres Direction & marched ouer a necke of the Land near three mills So the Indyan skidwarres brought us to the Salvages housses whear they did inhabitt although much against his will for that he told us that they wear all remoued & gon from the place they wear wont to inhabitt. but we answered hem again that we wold nott retorne backe untill shutch time as we had spoken with Som of them. At Length he brought us whear they did inhabytt whear we found near a hundreth of them men wemen and Children. And the Cheeffe Comander of them ys Nahanada att our fryste Seight of them uppon a howlinge or Cry that they mad they all presently Isued forth towards us with thear bowes & arrows & we presently mad a stand & Suffered them to Com near unto us then our Indyan skidwarres spoke unto them in thear language showinge them what we wear which when nahanada thear Comander perseaved what we wear he Caussed them all to laye assyd thear bowes & arrowes and cam unto us and imbrassed us & we did the lyke to them aggain. So we remained with them near to howers & wear in thear housses. Then we tooke our Leave of them & retorned with our Indyan skidwarres with us towards our ships the 8th Daye of August being Satterdaye in the after noon.

Sondaye being the 9th of Auguste in the morninge the most part of our holl company of both our shipes Landed on this Illand the which we call St. Georges Illand whear the Crosse standeth and thear we heard a Sermon delyvred unto us by our preacher ♦_Rev. Richard Seymour_♦ gyvinge god thanks for our happy metinge & Saffe aryvall into the Contry & So retorned abord aggain.

Mundaye beinge the Xth of Auguste early in the morninge Capt. popham in his shallope with thirty others & Capt. Gilbert in his ships bott with twenty others Acompanede Depted from thear shipes & sailled towards the ryver of pemaquyd & Caryed with us the Indyan skidwarres and Cam to the ryver ryght beffore thear housses whear they no Sooner espyed us but presently Nahanada with all his Indians with thear bowes and arrows in thear hands Cam forth upon the Sands--So we Caussed skidwarres to speak unto hem & we our Selves spok unto hem in Inglyshe givinge hem to understand our Cominge tended to no yvell towards hem Selffe nor any of his peopell. he told us again he wold nott thatt all our peopell should Land. So beccause we woold in no sort offend them, hearuppon Som ten or twelffe of the Cheeff gent Landed & had Some parle together & then afterward they wear well contented that all should Land··So all landed we ussinge them with all the kindnesse that possibell we Could. nevertheless after an hower or to they all Soddainly withdrew them Selves from us into the woods & Lefte us··we perseavinge this presently imbarked our Selves all except skidwarres who was nott Desyerous to retorn with us. We Seeinge this woold in no Sort proffer any Violence unto hem by drawing hem perfforce Suffered hem to remain and staye behinde us. he promyssinge to retorn unto us the next Daye followinge but he heald not his promysse So we imbarked our Selves and went unto the other Syd of the ryver & thear remained uppon the shore the nyght followinge.

Tuesdaye beinge the xjth of Auguste we retorned and cam to our ships whear they still remained att ankor under the Illand we call St. Georges.

Wensdaye being the xijth of Auguste we wayed our anckors and Sett our saills to go for the ryver of Sagadehock··we kept our Course from thence dew Weste until 12 of the Clok mydnyght of the Sam then we stroke our Saills & layed a hull untill the mornynge Doutinge for to over shoot ytt.

being est & weste from the Illand of Sutqin ytt maketh in this form.]

Thursdaye in the mornynge breacke of the daye beinge the xiijth of Auguste the Illand of Sutquin ♦_Seguin_♦ bore north of us nott past halff a leage from us and ytt rysseth in this form hear under followinge the which Illand Lyeth ryght beffore the mouth of the ryver of Sagadehocke ♦_Kenebeck River_♦ South from ytt near 2 Leags but we did not make ytt to be Sutquin so we Sett our saills & stood to the westward for to Seeke ytt 2 Leags farther & nott fyndinge the ryver of Sagadehocke we knew that we had overshott the place then we wold have retorned but Could nott & the nyght in hand the gifte Sent in her shallop & mad ytt & went into the ryver this nyght but we wear constrained to remain att Sea all this nyght and about mydnight thear arose a great storme & tempest uppon us the which putt us in great daunger and hassard of castinge awaye of our ship & our Lyves by reason we wear so near the shore··the wynd blew very hard att South right in uppon the shore so that by no means we could nott gett of hear we sought all means & did what possybell was to be don for that our Lyves depended on ytt··hear we plyed ytt with our ship of & on all the nyght often times espyeinge many soonken rocks & breatches hard by us enforsynge us to put our ship about & stand from them bearinge saill when ytt was mor fytter to have taken ytt in but that ytt stood uppon our Lyves to do ytt & our bott Soonk att our stern··yet woold we nott cut her from us in hope of the appearinge of the daye··thus we Contynued untill the daye cam then we perseaved our Selves to be hard abord the Lee shore & no waye to escape ytt but by Seekinge the Shore··then we espyed 2 Lyttell Illands ♦_Cape Small Point_♦ Lyeinge under our lee··So we bore up the healme & steerd in our shipe in betwyxt them whear the Lord be praised for ytt we found good and sauffe ankkoringe & thear anckored the storme still contynuinge untill the next daye followynge.

Frydaye beinge the xiiijth of August that we anckored under these Illands thear we repaired our bott being very muche torren & spoilled then after we Landed on this Illand & found 4 salvages & an old woman this Illand ys full of pyne trees & ocke and abundance of whorts of fower Sorts of them.

Satterdaye beinge the 15th of Auguste the storme ended and the wind Cam faier for us to go for Sagadehock so we wayed our anckors & Sett Saill & stood to the estward & cam to the Illand Sutquin which was 2 Leags from those Illands we rod att anker beffor, & hear we anckored under the Illand of Sutqin in the estersyd of ytt for that the wynd was of the shore that wee could no gett into the ryver of Sagadehock & hear Capt. pophams ships bott cam abord of us & gave us xx freshe Cods that they had taken beinge Sent out a fyshinge.

Sondaye beinge the 16th of Auguste Capt. popham Sent his Shallop unto us for to healp us in So we wayed our anckors & beinge Calme we towed in our ship & Cam into the Ryver of Sagadehocke and anckored by the gyfts Syd about xj of the Cloke the Sam daye.

Mundaye beinge the 17th Auguste Capt. popham in his shallop with 30 others & Capt. Gilbert in his shipes bott accompaned with 18 other persons departed early in the morninge from thear ships & sailled up the Ryver of Sagadehock for to vew the Ryver & allso to See whear they myght fynd the most Convenyent place for thear plantation my Selffe beinge with Capt. Gilbert. So we Sailled up into this ryver near 14 Leags and found ytt to be a most gallant ryver very brod & of a good depth··we never had Lesse Watter then 3 fetham when we had Least & abundance of greatt fyshe ♦_Sturgeon_♦ in ytt Leaping aboue the Watter on eatch Syd of us as we Sailled. So the nyght aprochinge after a whill we had refreshed our Selves uppon the shore about 9 of the Cloke we sett backward to retorn & Cam abourd our shipes the next day followinge about 2 of the Clok in the afternoon We fynd this ryver to be very pleasant with many goodly Illands in ytt & to be both Large & deepe Watter havinge many branches in ytt··that which we tooke bendeth ytt Selffe towards the northest.

Tuesdaye beinge the 18th after our retorn we all went to the shore & thear mad Choies of a place for our plantation which ys at the very mouth or entry of the Ryver of Sagadehocke on the West Syd of the Ryver beinge almoste an Illand ♦_Sabino Head_♦ of a good bygness··whylst we wear uppon the shore thear Cam in three Cannoos by us but they wold not Com near us but rowed up the Ryver ♦_Fort Popham_♦ & so past away.

Wensday beinge the 19th Auguste we all went to the shore whear we mad Choise for our plantation and thear we had a Sermon delyvred unto us by our precher and after the Sermon our pattent was red with the orders & Lawes thearin prescrybed & then we retorned abord our ships again.

Thursdaye beinge the 20th of Auguste all our Companyes Landed & thear began to fortefye··our presedent Capt popham Sett the fryst spytt of ground unto ytt and after hem all the rest followed & Labored hard in the trenches about ytt.

Frydaye the 2jth of Auguste all hands Labored hard about the fort Som in the trentch Som for fagetts & our ship Carpenters about the buildinge of a small penis or shallop.

Satterdaye the 22th Auguste Capt. popham early in the morninge departed in his shallop to go for the ryver of pashipskoke··thear ♦_Pejepscot or Androscoggin_♦ they had parle with the Salvages again who delyvred unto them that they had ben att wars with Sasanoa & had slain his Soone in fyght··skidwares and Dehanada wear in this fyght.

Sondaye the 23th our presedent Capt. popham retorned unto us from the ryver of pashipscoke.

The 24th all Labored about the fort.

Tuesdaye the 25th Capt. Gilbert imbarked hem Selffe with 15 other with hem to go to the Westward uppon Som Discouery but the Wynd was contrary & forsed hem backe again the Sam daye.

The 26th & 27th all Labored hard about the fort.

Frydaye the 28th Capt. Gilbert with 14 others my Selffe beinge on Imbarked hem to go to the westward again··So the wynd Servinge we Sailled by many gallant Illands ♦_Casco Bay_♦ & towards nyght the winde Cam Contrary against us So that we wear Constrained to remain that nyght under the head Land called Semeamis ♦_Cape Elizabeth_♦ whear we found the Land to be most fertill··the trees growinge thear doth exceed for goodnesse & Length being the most part of them ocke & wallnutt growinge a greatt space assoonder on from the other as our parks in Ingland and no thickett growinge under them··hear wee also found a gallant place to fortefye whom Nattuer ytt Selffe hath already framed without the hand of man with a runynge stream of watter hard adjoyninge under the foott of ytt.

Satterdaye the 29th Auguste early in the mornynge we departed from thence & rowed to the westward for that the wind was againste us but the wynd blew so hard that forsed us to remain under an Illand ♦_Richmond’s Island_♦ 2 Leags from the place we remayned the night beffore whilst we remayned under this Illand thear passed to Cannoos by us but they wold nott Com neare us after mydnyght we put from this Illand in hope to have gotten the place we dessyered but the wind arose and blew so hard at Southwest Contrary for us that forsed us to retorn.

Sondaye beinge the 30th Auguste retornynge beffore the wynd we sailled by many goodly Illands for betwixt this head Land called Semeamis & the ryver of Sagadehock ys a great baye in the which Lyeth So many Illands & so thicke & neare together that yo Cannott well desern to Nomber them yet may yo go in betwixt them in a good ship for yo shall have never Lesse Watter the 8 fethams··these Illands ar all overgrowen with woods very thicke as ocks wallnut pyne trees & many other things growinge as Sarsaperilla hassell nuts & whorts in aboundance··So this day we retorned to our fort att Sagadehock.

Munday being the Last of Auguste nothinge hapened but all Labored for the buildinge of the fort & for the storhouse to reseave our vyttuall.

Tuesday the first of September ♦_September_♦ thear Cam a Canooa unto us in the which was 2 greatt kettells of brasse··Som of our Company did parle with them but they did rest very doutfull of us & wold nott Suffer mor then on att a tyme to Com near unto them So he departed··The Second daye third & 4th nothinge hapened worth the wryttinge but that eatch man did his beste endevour for the buildinge of the fort.

Satterdaye beinge the 5th of September thear Cam into the entraunce of the ryver of Sagadehocke nine Canoos in the which was Dehanada & skidwarres with many others in the wholl near fortye persons men women & Children they Cam & parled with us & we aggain ussed them in all frindly maner We Could & gave them vyttaills for to eatt··So skidwarres & on more of them stayed with us untill nyght··the rest of them withdrew them in thear Canooas to the farther Syd of the ryver. but when nyght Cam for that skidwares woold needs go to the rest of his Company Capt. Gilbert acompaned with James Davis & Capt. ellis best took them into our bott & Caryed them to thear Company on the farther syd the ryver & thear remained amongst them all the nyght & early in the mornynge the Sallvages departed in thear Canooas for the ryver of pemaquid promyssinge Capt. Gilbert to acompany hem in thear Canooas to the ryver of penobskott whear the bashabe remayneth.

The 6th nothinge happened··the 7th our ship the Mary & John began to discharge her vyttualls.

Tuesday beinge the 8th September Capt. Gilbert acompaned with xxij others my Selffe beinge on of them departed from the fort to go for the ryver of penobskott takinge with hem divers Sorts of Merchandise for to trad with the Bashabe who ys the Cheeffe Comander of those parts but the wind was Contrary againste hem so that he could nott Com to dehanada & skidwares at the time apointed for··ytt was the xjth daye beffor he Could gett to the ryver of pemaquid Whear they do make thear abbod.

Frydaye beinge the xjth in the mornynge early we Cam into the ryver of pemaquyd thear to Call nahanada & skidwarres as we had promyste them but beinge thear aryved we found no Lyvinge Creatuer··they all wear gon from thence the which we perseavinge presently departed towards the ryver of penobskott··Saillinge all this daye & the xijth & xiijth the Lyke yett by no means Could we fynd ytt··So our vitall beinge spent we hasted to retorn··So the wynd Cam faier for us & we Sailled all the 14th & 15th dayes in retornynge the Wind blowinge very hard att north & this mornynge the 15th daye we pseaved a blassing star in the northest of vs.

The 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 2jth 22th nothinge hapened but all Labored hard about the fort & the store house for to Land our wyttaills.

The 23th beinge Wensdaye Capt. Gilbert acompaned with 19 others my Selffe on of them departed from the fort to go for the head of the ryver of Sagadehock··we Sailled all this daye So did we the Lyke the 24th untill the evenynge then we Landed thear to remain that Nyght··hear we found a gallant Champion Land & exceedinge fertill So hear we remayned all nyght.

The 25th beinge frydaye early in the mornynge we departed from hence & sailled up the ryver about eyght Leags farther untill we Cam unto an Illand ♦_Augusta_♦ beinge Lo Land & flatt··att this Illand ys a great down Fall of watter the which runeth by both Sydes of this Illand very swyfte & shallow··in this Illand we found greatt store of grapes exceedinge good and sweett of to Sorts both red butt the on of them ys a mervellous deepe red. by both the syds of this ryver the grapes grow in aboundance & allso very good Hoppes & also Chebolls & garleck. ♦_Wild onion_♦ and for the goodnesse of the Land ytt doth so far abound that I Cannott allmost expresse the Sam hear we all went ashore & with a stronge Rope made fast to our bott & on man in her to gyde her aggainst the Swyfte stream we pluckt her up throwe ytt perforce··after we had past this down-Fall we all went into our bott again & rowed near a Leage farther up into the ryver & nyght beinge att hand we hear stayed all nyght. & in the fryst of the night about ten of the Cloke thear Cam on the farther syd of the ryver sartain Salvages Calling unto us in broken inglyshe··we answered them aggain So for this time they departed.

The 26th beinge Satterdaye thear Cam a Canooa unto us & in hear fower salvages those that had spoken unto us in the nyght beffore his name that Came unto us ys Sabenoa··he macks himselffe unto us to be Lord of the ryver of Sagadehock.

Henry Hudson

1609

PENOBSCOT
&
THE FISHING BANKS

HENRY HUDSON, _having tried in vain to find a sea route to China
through the ice fields which stretched across his path all the way
from Greenland to Spitzbergen or Willoughby Land, transferred his
services in the winter of 1609 from the English Muscovy Company to
the Dutch East India Company. He started to make a further trial of
the Northeast passage, but while off the coast of Novaya Zemlya,
his crews refused to go further in that direction. Abandoned by his
consort, Hudson persuaded the men on his own ship, the Half Moon,
to cross the Atlantic and try their luck in America. They made
land on the Nova Scotia coast, and after beating about over the
fishing banks and looking at the shores of Maine and southeastern
Massachusetts, went on to another landfall in the latitude of
Virginia. Turning northward, they sailed up the coast and into the
river which has since borne their leader’s name._

_The surviving log-book or journal of Hudson’s third voyage was
kept by Robert Juet, who had been his mate during the second
voyage, and who took a leading part in the mutiny which ended
when the leader was turned adrift in a small boat in Hudson’s
Bay in 1611. It was printed in the third volume of “Purchas his
Pilgrimes,” London, 1625._

THE THIRD VOYAGE of Master HENRY HUDSON, Written by ROBERT JUET, of
Lime-House.

THE twelfth of July was very foggie, ♦_1609 July_♦ we stood our course all the morning till eleven of the clocke; at which time we had sight of land, which is low white sandie ground, right on head off us; and had ten fathoms. Then we tackt to the southward, and stood off foure glasses: then we tackt to the land againe, thinking to have rode under it, and as we came neere it, the fog was so thicke that we could not see; so wee stood off againe. From mid-night to two of the clocke, we came sounding in twelve, thirteene, and fourteene fathoms off the shoare. At foure of the clocke, we had 20 fathoms. At eight of the clocke at night, 30 fathoms. At twelve of the clocke, 65 fathoms, and but little winde, for it deeped apace, but the neerer the shoare the fairer shoalding.

The thirteenth, faire sun-shining weather, from eight of the clocke in the fore-noone all day after, but in the morning it was foggie. Then at eight of the clocke we cast about for the shoare, but could not see it; the wind being at south by our true compasse, wee steered west and by north. At noone we observed, and found our height to bee 43 degrees, 25 minutes; so we steered away west and by north all the afternoone. At foure of the clocke in the afternoone we sounded, and had five and thirtie fathoms. And at sixe of the clocke wee had sight of the land, and saw two sayles on head off us. The land by the waters side is low land, and white sandie bankes rising, full of little hils. Our soundings were 35, 33, 30, 28, 32, 37, 33, and 32 fathoms.

The fourteenth, full of mysts flying and vading, the wind betweene south and south-west; we steered away west north-west, and north-west and by west. Our soundings were 29, 25, 24, 25, 22, 25, 27, 30, 28, 30, 35, 43, 50, 70, 90, 70, 64, 86, 100 fathoms, and no ground.

The fifteenth, very mystie, the winde varying betweene south and south-west; wee steered west and by north, and west north-west. In the morning we sounded, and had one hundred fathoms, till foure of the clocke in the afternoone. Then we sounded againe, and had seventie-five fathoms. Then in two glasses running, which was not above two English miles, we sounded and had sixtie fathoms, and it shoalded a great pace untill we came to twentie fathoms. Then we made account we were neere the islands that lie off the shoare. So we came to an anchor, the sea being very smooth and little wind, at nine of the clocke at night. After supper we tryed for fish, and I caught fifteene cods, some the greatest that I have seene, and so we rode all night.

The sixteenth, in the morning, it cleered up, and we had sight of five islands ♦_Eastern Maine_♦ lying north, and north and by west from us, two leagues. Then wee made ready to set sayle, but the myst came so thicke that we durst not enter in among them.

The seventeenth, was all mystie, so that we could not get into the harbour. At ten of the clocke two boats came off to us, with sixe of the savages of the countrey, seeming glad of our comming. We gave them trifles, and they eate and dranke with us; and told us that there were gold, silver and copper mynes hard by us; and that the French-men doe trade with them; which is very likely, for one of them spake some words of French. So wee rode still all day and all night, the weather continuing mystie.

The eighteenth, faire weather, wee went into a very good harbour, and rode hard by the shoare in foure fathoms water. The river runneth up a great way, ♦_Penobscot_♦ but there is but two fathoms hard by us. We went on shoare and cut us a fore mast; then at noone we came aboord againe, and found the height of the place to bee in 44 degrees, 1 minute, and the sunne to fall at a south south-west sunne. We mended our sayles, and fell to make our fore-mast. The harbour lyeth south and north, a mile in where we rode.

The nineteenth, we had faire sun-shining weather, we rode still. In the after-noone wee went with our boate to looke for fresh water, and found some; and found a shoald with many lobsters on it, and caught one and thirtie. The people coming aboord, shewed us great friendship, but we could not trust them. The twentieth, faire sunne-shining weather, the winde at south-west. In the morning, our scute went out to catch fresh fish halfe an houre before day, and returned in two houres, bringing seven and twentie great coddes, with two hookes and lines. In the afternoone wee went for more lobsters and caught fortie, and returned aboord. Then wee espied two French shallops full of the country people come into the harbour, but they offered us no wrong, seeing we stood upon our guard. They brought many beaver skinnes and other fine furres, which they would have changed for redde gownes. For the French trade with them for red cassocks, knives, hatchets, copper, kettles, trevits, beades, and other trifles.

The one and twentieth, all mystie, the wind easterly, wee rode still and did nothing, but about our mast. The two and twentieth, fair sun-shining weather, the winde all northerly, we rode still all the day. In the after-noone our scute went to catch more lobsters, and brought with them nine and fiftie. The night was cleere weather.

The three and twentieth, faire sun shining weather and very hot. At eleven of the clocke our fore mast was finished, and wee brought it aboord, and set it into the step, and in the after-noone we rigged it. This night we had some little myst and rayne.

The foure and twentieth, very hot weather, the winde at south out of the sea. The fore-part of the day wee brought to our sayles. In the morning our scute went to take fish, and in two houres they brought with them twentie great coddes and a great holibut; the night was faire also. We kept good watch for fear of being betrayed by the people, and perceived where they layd their shallops.

The five and twentieth, very faire weather and hot. In the morning wee manned our scute with foure muskets and sixe men, and tooke one of their shallops and brought it aboord. Then we manned our boat and scute with twelve men and muskets, and two stone pieces or murderers, and drave the savages from their houses, and tooke the spoyle of them, as they would have done of us. Then wee set sayle, and came downe to the harbours mouth, and rode there all night, because the winde blew right in, and the night grew mystie with much rayne till mid-night. Then it fell calme, and the wind came off the land at west north-west, and it began to cleere. The compasse varyed ten degrees north-west.

The sixe and twentieth, faire and cleere sunne-shining weather. At five of the clocke in the morning, the winde being off the shoare at north north-west, we set sayle and came to sea, and by noone we counted our ship had gone fourteene leagues south-west. In the afternoone, the winde shifted variably betweene west south-west and north-west. At noone I found the height to bee 43 degrees, 56 minutes. This evening being very faire weather, wee observed the variation of our compasse at the sunnes going downe, and found it to bee 10 degrees from the north to the westward.

The seven and twentieth, faire sun-shining weather, the winde shifting betweene the south-west and west and by north, a stiffe gale; we stood to the southward all day, and made our way south and by west, seven and twentie leagues. At noone, our height was 42 degrees, 50 minutes. At foure of the clocke in the after-noone, wee cast about to the north-ward. At eight of the clocke, we tooke in our top-sayles and our fore-bonnet, and went with a short sayle all night.

The eight and twentieth, very thicke and mystie, and a stiffe gale of wind, varying betweene south south-west and south-west and by west; we made our way north-west and by west, seven and twentie leagues; wee sounded many times and could get no ground. At five of the clocke we cast about to the southward, the wind at south-west and by west. At which time we sounded, and had ground at seventie-five fathoms. At eight, wee had sixtie-five fathoms. At ten, sixtie. At twelve of the clocke at mid-night, fiftie-sixe fathoms, gray sand.

The compasse varyed 6 degrees the north point to the west.

The nine and twentieth, faire weather, we stood to the southward, and made our way south and by west a point south, eighteene leagues. At noone we found our height to be 42 degrees 56 minutes; wee sounded oft and had these, 60, 64, 65, 67, 65, 65, 70, and 75 fathoms. At night wee tryed the variation of our compasse by the setting of the sunne, and found that it went downe 37 degrees to the northward of the west, and should have gone downe but 31 degrees. The compasse varyed 5 and a halfe degrees.

The thirtieth, very hot, all the fore part of the day calme, the wind at south south-east; wee steered away west south-west and sounded many times, and could find no ground at one hundred and seventie fathomes. We found a great current and many over-falls. Our current had deceived us. For at noone we found our height to be 41 degrees 34 minutes. And the current had heaved us to the southward foureteene leagues. At eight of the clocke at night I sounded, and had ground in fiftie-two fathomes. In the end of the mid-night watch wee had fiftie-three fathomes. This last observation is not to be trusted.

The one and thirtieth, very thicke and mystie all day, untill tenne of the clocke. At night the wind came to the south, and south-west and south. We made our way west north-west nineteene leagues. Wee sounded many times, and had difference of soundings, sometimes little stones, and sometimes grosse gray sand, fiftie-sixe, fiftie-foure, fortie-eight, fortie-seven, fortie-foure, fortie-sixe, fiftie fathoms; and at eight of the clocke at night it fell calme, and we had fiftie fathomes. And at ten of the clocke we heard a great rut, like the rut of the shoare. Then I sounded and found the former depth; and mistrusting a current, seeing it so still that the ship made no way, I let the lead lie on the ground, and found a tide set to the south-west, and south-west and by west, so fast, that I could hardly vere the line so fast, and presently came an hurling current, or tyde with over-fals, which cast our ship round; and the lead was so fast in the ground that I feared the lines breaking, and we had no more but that. At midnight I sounded againe, and we had seventie-five fathomes; and the strong streame had left us.

The first of August, ♦_August_♦ all the fore part of the day was mystie, and at noone it cleered up. We found that our height was 41 degrees 45 minutes, and we had gone nineteene leagues. The after-noon was reasonable cleere. We found a rustling tide or current with many over-fals to continue still, and our water to change colour, and our sea to bee very deepe, for wee found no ground in one hundred fathomes. The night was cleere, and the winde came to the north, and north north-east, we steered west.

The second, very faire weather and hot: from the morning till noone we had a gale of wind, but in the after-noone little wind. At noone I sounded and had one hundred and ten fathomes; and our height was 41 degrees 56 minutes. And wee had runne four and twentie leagues and an halfe. At the sun-setting we observed the variation of the compasse, and found that it was come to his true place. At eight of the clocke the gale increased, so wee ranne sixe leagues that watch, and had a very faire and cleere night.

The third, very hot weather. In the morning we had sight of the land, ♦_Cape Malabar_♦ and steered in with it, thinking to go to the northward of it. So we sent our shallop with five men to sound in by the shore: and they found it deepe five fathomes within bow-shot of the shoare; and they went on land, and found goodly grapes and rose trees, and brought them aboord with them, at five of the clocke in the eevening. We had seven and twentie fathomes within two miles of the shoare; and we found a floud come from the south-east, and an ebbe from the northwest, with a very strong streame, and a great hurling and noyses. At eight of the clocke at night the wind began to blow a fresh gale, and continued all night but variable. Our sounding that wee had to the land was one hundred, eightie, seventie-foure, fiftie-two, fortie-sixe, twentie-nine, twentie-seven, twentie-foure, nineteene, seventeene, sometimes oze, and sometimes gray sand.

The fourth, was very hot: we stood to the north-west two watches, and one south in for the land, and came to an anchor at the norther end of the headland, and heard the voyce of men call. Then we sent our boat on shoare, thinking they had beene some Christians left on the land: but wee found them to bee savages, which seemed very glad of our comming. So wee brought one aboord with us, and gave him meate, and he did eate and drinke with us. Our master gave him three or foure glasse buttons, and sent him on land with our shallop againe. And at our boats comming from the shoare he leapt and danced, and held up his hands, and pointed us to a river on the other side: for we had made signes that we came to fish there. The bodie of this headland lyeth in 41 degrees 45 minutes. We set sayle againe after dinner, thinking to have got to the westward of this headland, but could not; so we beare up to the southward of it, and made a south-east way; and the souther point did beare west at eight of the clocke at night. Our soundings about the easter and norther part of this headland, a league from the shoare are these: at the easterside thirtie, twentie-seven, twentie-seven, twentie-foure, twentie-five, twentie. The north-east point 17 degrees 18 minutes, and so deeper. The north end of this headland, hard by the shoare thirtie fathomes: and three leagues off north north-west, one hundred fathomes. At the south-east part a league off, fifteene, sixteene, and seventeene fathomes. The people have greene tabacco and pipes, the boles whereof are made of earth and the pipes of red copper. The land is very sweet.

The fift, all mystie. At eight of the clocke in the morning wee tact about to the westward, and stood in till foure of the clocke in the after-noone; at which time it cleered, and wee had sight of the head-land againe five leagues from us. The souther point of it did beare west off us: and we sounded many times, and had no ground. And at foure of the clocke we cast about, and at our staying wee had seventie fathomes. Wee steered away south and south by east all night, and could get no ground at seventie and eightie fathomes. For wee feared a great riffe that lyeth off the land, and steered away south and by east.

The sixth, faire weather, but many times mysting. Wee steered away south south-east, till eight of the clocke in the morning; then it cleered a little, and we cast about to the westward. Then we sounded and had thirtie fathomes, grosse sand, and were come to the riffe. Then wee kept our lead, and had quicke shoalding from thirtie, twentie-nine, twentie-seven, twentie-foure, twentie-two, twentie and an halfe, twentie, twentie, nineteene, nineteene, nineteene, eighteene, eighteene, seventeene; and so deeping againe as proportionally as it shoalded. For we steered south and south-east till we came to twentie-sixe fathomes. Then we steered south-west, for so the tyde doth set. By and by, it being calme, we tryed by our lead; for you shall have sixteene or seventeene fathomes, and the next cast but seven or six fathomes. And farther to the westward you shall have foure and five foot water, and see rockes under you and you shall see the land in the top. Upon this riffe we had an observation, and found that it lyeth in 40 degrees, 10 minutes. And this is that headland which Captaine Bartholomew Gosnold discovered in the yeere 1602, and called Cape Cod, because of the store of cod-fish that hee found thereabout. So we steered south-west three leagues, and had twentie and twentie-foure fathomes. Then we steered west two glasses, halfe a league, and came to fifteene fathomes. Then we steered off south-east foure glasses, but could not get deepe water; for there the tyde of ebbe laid us on; and the streame did hurle so, that it laid us so neere the breach of a shoald that wee were forced to anchor. So at seven of the clocke at night wee were at an anchor in tenne fathomes: and I give God most heartie thankes, the least water wee had was seven fathomes and an halfe. We rode still all night, and at a still water I sounded so farre round about our ship as we could see a light; and had no lesse then eight, nine, ten, and eleven fathomes: the myst continued being very thicke.

The seventh, faire weather and hot, but mystie. Wee rode still hoping it would cleere, but on the floud it fell calme and thicke. So we rode still all day and all night. The floud commeth from the south-west, and riseth not above one fathome and an halfe in nepe streames. Toward night it cleered, and I went with our shallop and sounded, and found no lesse water then eight fathomes to the south-east off us; but we saw to the north-west off us great breaches.

The eight, faire and cleere weather. In the morning, by sixe of the clocke, at slake water, wee weighed, the wind at north-east, and set our fore-sayle and mayne top-sayle, and got a mile over the flats. Then the tyde of ebbe came, so we anchored againe till the floud came. Then we set sayle againe, and by the great mercie of God wee got cleere off them by one of the clocke this afternoone. And wee had sight of the land from the west north-west to the north north-west. So we steered away south south-east all night, and had ground untill the middle of the third watch. Then we had fortie-five fathomes, white sand and little stones. So all our soundings are twentie, twentie, twentie-two, twentie-seven, thirtie-two, fortie-three, fortie-three, fortie-five. Then no ground in seventie fathomes.

Samuel Argall

1610

PENOBSCOT BAY

SAMUEL ARGALL _first visited Virginia in 1609, when he demonstrated
the possibility of making the voyage from England by a more direct
route than that by way of the Azores and the West Indies. For the
next decade Argall was constantly associated with the affairs
of the Jamestown colony. In 1610 he reached the settlement with
supplies and recruits from England barely in time to prevent its
abandonment. As the provisions which he brought afforded only a
temporary relief, he started off at once for the Bermudas. His
experiences during the voyage are told in his journal, which is
here reprinted from the fourth volume of “Purchas his Pilgrimes,”
printed at London in 1625._

_Argall made two more voyages to the New England coast in 1613,
first to investigate the reports that the French were making
settlements on Mount Desert and at the mouth of the St. Croix
River, and then to complete the destruction of the houses and
fortifications begun by the French. For reasons of policy, it may
be, no detailed accounts of these later voyages appear to have been
preserved._

THE VOYAGE OF Captaine SAMVEL ARGAL, from _Iames_ Towne in
_Virginia_, to seek the Ile of _Bermuda_, and missing the same, his
putting ouer toward _Sagadahoc_ and Cape Cod, and so backe againe
to _Iames_ Towne, begun the nineteenth of Iune, 1610.