Chapter III: Alphabetical List of Authorities (1)

ABBOTT, LUTHER J. History and Civics of Oklahoma (Boston, 1910).

ABEL, ANNIE HELOISE. Indians in the Civil War (_American Historical Review_, vol. xv, 281-296).

---- Indian reservations in Kansas and the extinguishment of their titles (Kansas Historical Society, _Collections_, vol. viii, 72-109).

---- History of events resulting in Indian consolidation west of the Mississippi River (American Historical Association, _Report_, 1906).

---- Proposals for an Indian State in the Union, 1778-1878 (American Historical Association, _Report_, 1907, vol. i, 89-102).

ADAMS, RICHARD C. Brief history of the Delaware Indians (Senate _Documents_, 59th congress, first session, no. 501).

ALEXANDER, GROSS. History of the Methodist Church South (New York, 1894).

BANCROFT, FREDERIC. Life of William H. Seward (New York, 1900), 2 vols.

BAPTIST HOME MISSIONS in North America, 1832-1882.

Published by the American Baptist Home Missionary Society, New York,
1883.

BISHOP, ALBERT WEBB. Loyalty on the frontier, or sketches of union men of the southwest (St. Louis, 1863).

BOUDINOT, ELIAS C. Speech delivered before the House Committee on Territories, February 7, 1872 (Washington, 1872), pamphlet.

---- Oklahoma, an argument before the House Committee on Territories, January 29, 1878 (Alexandria, 1878), pamphlet.

BREWERTON, G. DOUGLAS. War in Kansas (New York, 1856).

BRIGHAM, JOHNSON. James Harlan (Iowa City, Ia., 1913).

BRITTON, WILEY. Memoirs of the rebellion on the border, 1863 (Chicago, 1882).

---- Civil War on the border, 1861-1862 (New York, 1891).

BROUGH, CHARLES HILLMAN. Historic battlefields (Arkansas Historical Society, _Publications_, vol. i, 278-285).

BROWN, GEORGE W. Reminiscences of Governor R. J. Walker, with the true story of the rescue of Kansas from slavery (Rockford, Ill., 1902).

BRUCE, HENRY. Life of General Houston (New York, 1891).

CALLAHAN, JAMES MORTON. Diplomatic history of the southern confederacy (Baltimore, 1901).

CHEROKEE INDIANS. Memorial of the delegates of the Cherokee Nation to the president and congress of the United States (Washington _Chronicle Print_, 1886).

CHESHIRE, JOSEPH BLUNT. Church in the Confederate States (New York, 1912).

CONNELLEY, WILLIAM ELSEY. James Henry Lane (Topeka, 1899).

---- Quantrill and the border wars (Cedar Rapids, 1910).

CORDLEY, RICHARD. History of Lawrence (Lawrence, 1895).

DAVIS, JEFFERSON. Rise and fall of the Confederate government (New York, 1881), 2 vols.

DELAWARE INDIANS. Report on the military service (United States Senate _Documents_, 61st congress, first session, no. 134).

DRAPER, J. W. History of the American Civil War (New York, 1867-1870), 3 vols.

EVANS, GENERAL CLEMENT A., editor. Confederate military history (Atlanta, 1899), 10 vols.

FITE, EMERSON DAVID. Presidential campaign of 1860 (New York, 1911).

FLEMING, WALTER L. Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama (New York, 1905).

FOULKE, WILLIAM DUDLEY. Life of Oliver P. Morton (Indianapolis, 1899), 8 vols.

GARRISON, W. P. and F. J. GARRISON. William Lloyd Garrison, 1805-1879 (Boston, 1894), 4 vols.

GIHON, JOHN H. Geary and Kansas (Philadelphia, 1866).

GOODLANDER, C. W. Memoirs and recollections of the early days of Fort Scott (Fort Scott, Kans., 1899).

GREELEY, HORACE. American Conflict (Hartford, 1864-1867), 2 vols.

HALLUM, JOHN. Biographical and pictorial history of Arkansas (Albany, 1887).

HILL, LUTHER B. History of the state of Oklahoma (Chicago, 1908), 8 vols.

HODDER, FRANK HEYWOOD. The Genesis of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (Wisconsin State Historical Society, _Proceedings for 1912_, pp. 69-86), (Madison, 1913), pamphlet.

HOLLOWAY, JOHN N. History of Kansas to 1861 (Lafayette, Ind., 1868).

HOLST, HERMANN VON. Constitutional and political history of the United States (Chicago, 1876-1892), 7 vols.

JOHNSON, ALLEN. Stephen A. Douglas (New York, 1908).

JOHNSON, THOMAS CARY. History of the Southern Presbyterian Church (New York, 1894). American Church History Series, vol. xi.

KAUFMAN, WILHELM. Sigel und Halleck (_Deutsch-Am. Geschichtsblaetter_, Band x, 210-216).

MARTIN, GEORGE W. First two years of Kansas (Topeka, 1907), pamphlet.

MEIGS, W. M. Life of Thomas Hart Benton (Philadelphia, 1904).

NORTH, THOMAS. Five years in Texas, 1861-1865 (Cincinnati, 1871).

PARKER, THOMAS VALENTINE. Cherokee Indians (New York, 1907).

PAXTON, WILLIAM M. Annals of Platte County, Missouri (Kansas City, Mo., 1897).

PHILLIPS, ULRICH. Georgia and state rights (Washington, 1902).

---- The life of Robert Toombs (New York, 1913).

RAMSDELL, CHARLES WM. Reconstruction in Texas (Columbia University _Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law_, vol. xxxvi, no. 1).

RAY, P. ORMAN. Repeal of the Missouri Compromise, its origin and authorship (Cleveland, 1909).

REYNOLDS, JOHN H. Makers of Arkansas (Story of the States series), (New York, 1905).

RHODES, JAMES FORD. History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 (New York, 1893-1906), 7 vols.

ROBINSON, CHARLES. Kansas Conflict (Lawrence, 1898).

ROBLEY, T. F. History of Bourbon County, Kansas, to the close of 1865 (Fort Scott, 1894).

ROSS, D. H. and others. Reply of the delegates of the Cherokee Nation to the demands of the commissioner of Indian affairs, May, 1866 (Washington, 1866), pamphlet.

Land Files, Treaties, Box 3, M392.

ROSS, MRS. WM. P. Life and times of William P. Ross (Fort Smith, 1893).

SCHOULER, JAMES. History of the United States under the Constitution (New York, 1899), 6 vols.

SCHWAB, JOHN CHRISTOPHER. Confederate States of America, 1861-1865 (New York, 1901).

SHINN, JOSIAH. Pioneers and makers of Arkansas (Little Rock, 1908).

SPECK, FRANK G. Creeks of Taskigi Town. American Anthropological Association _Publications_, vol. ii, part 2.

SPEER, JOHN. Life of James H. Lane (Garden City, Kans., 1897).

SPRING, LEVERETT W. Kansas: the prelude to the War for the Union (American Commonwealth series), (Boston, 1885).

STEPHENS, ALEXANDER H. Constitutional view of the late War between the States (Philadelphia, 1870), 2 vols.

STOVALL, PLEASANT A. Robert Toombs (New York, 1892).

TENNEY, W. J. Military and naval history of the rebellion in the United States (New York, 1866).

THOMPSON, ROBERT ELLIS. History of the Presbyterian Churches in the United States (American Church History series, vol. vi), (New York, 1893).

VAN DEVENTER, HORACE. Albert Pike, 1809-1891 (Knoxville, 1910).

VILLARD, OSWALD GARRISON. John Brown, 1800-1859; biography fifty years after (Boston, 1910).

WALKER, WILLISTON. History of the Congregational Churches in the United States (American Church History series, vol. iii), (New York, 1894).

WILDER, D. W. Annals of Kansas (Topeka, 1875, 1885).

WILSON, HENRY. Rise and fall of the slave power in America (Boston, 1872-1877), 3 vols.

WOOTEN, DUDLEY G. Comprehensive history of Texas (Dallas, 1898), 2 vols.

INDEX

Abbott, J. B: 245, _footnote_

Abel, Annie Heloise: work cited, 71, _footnote_, 191, _footnote_

Abolitionists: Indians' slaves enticed away, 23;
charges against Calhoun, 30;
Quantrill in league with, 49;
desire Indian lands, 76, 118;
among Cherokees, 132;
Cherokees repudiate idea that they are, 225;
charges against, 291-294

Adair, W. P: 219, _footnote_

Address: of John Ross at Cherokee mass-meeting, 220

Agency system: under Confederacy, 179

Alabama: Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws from, 20, 193, _footnote;_
Choctaws in, 20, _footnote;_
David Hubbard, commissioner from, 108

Alliance: Indians given political position in return for, 17;
reasons for southern Indians entering into, with Confederacy, 18;
Confederate State Department to effect, 140, _footnote_;
failure of Pike to effect, with Cherokees, 156;
Choctaw General Council authorizes negotiation of treaty of, 156;
Confederacy paid dearly for its Indian, 177;
nature of Seminole, with Confederacy, 197;
principles of active, inserted by Pike into treaties, 212;
McCulloch to accept Drew's regiment of Home Guards as soon as treaty
of, be consummated, 227;
conditions of, between the Indians and Confederacy, 280;
result of Battle of Pea Ridge on Indian, 284

Allies: Indian, 17;
hope of finding in Cherokees, 125

Allotment in severalty: suggested to Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws, 58

American Baptist Missionary Union: 38

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions: work among
Cherokees and Choctaws, 39;
records of, 40, _footnote_;
missionaries among Choctaws remove themselves from patronage, 41, 42,
43, _footnote_

American Civil War: [See Civil War]

American Historical Association: _Report_, 20, _footnote_

American Revolution: effect upon Cherokee emigration to Texas, 20,
_footnote_;
work of Committees of Correspondence in connection with, 83

Amnesty: provided for, 176

Annuities: negro and Indian half-breeds share Indian, 23, _footnote_;
Choctaw, distinct from Chickasaw, 34, _footnote_;
Indian, declared forfeited by Lincoln government, 145;
John Ross considers Indian, safe, 147;
payment of Indian, assumed by Confederacy, 163;
Indian, diverted from regular channels, 170;
to use, of hostile Indians, 274;
Crawford makes requisition for Cherokee, 307

Antelope Hills: 55, 136, _footnote_

Apucks-hu-nubbe: district of, 34, _footnote_

Arbuckle, General: 193, _footnote_

Arkansas: Choctaws and Cherokees tarry in, 19, _footnote_;
Indian Territory annexed to, for judicial purposes, 23, _footnote_;
and Indian patronage, 59;
and Indian participation in Civil War, 63;
interest in Indian Territory, 67;
Knights of Golden Circle active in, 68;
interest in Indian alliance, 83;
affairs reach crisis, 97;
Hubbard, commissioner to, 108;
sends commission to Indian country, 119;
sends Albert Pike as delegate, 132-133

_Arkansas Baptist_: 47, _footnote_

Arkansas Convention: _Journal_, 119, _footnotes_, 120, _footnotes_

Arkansas Historical Association: _Publications_, 106, _footnote_

Arkansas Legislature: _House Journal_, 103, _footnote_, 110, _footnote_,
111, _footnote_

Arkansas River: 67, 76, 97, 135, _footnote_, 162, 175

Arms: description of, needed for Indians, 190, _footnote_;
Choctaw-Chickasaw regiment not furnished with, 211;
scarcity of, 211, _footnote_;
Cherokees in, at Tahlequah mass-meeting, 217;
Ross able to bear, 137, _footnote_;
Creeks under, threaten hostilities, 138, _footnote_;
fear, for Indians will be taken by secessionists, 228, _footnote_;
Confederate difficulty in securing, 253 and _footnote_

Armstrong Academy: 40, _footnote_

Armstrong, William: 193, _footnote_

Asbury Mission: Indian amity compact concluded at, 69, _footnote_

Assinneboin: suggested Territory of, 32, _footnote_

Atchison, David R: letter to, mentioned, 33, _footnote_

_Austin State Gazette_: 80, _footnote_

Averell, William W: 101, _footnote_

Baker, George E: work cited, 58, _footnote_

Balentine, H: 79

Ball-playing: connected with secret organization of "Pins," 86,
_footnote_

Bancroft, Frederic: work cited, 58, _footnote_

Barnes, James K: 260, _footnote_

Barnesville: 245, 246

Beams's Negroes: 23, _footnote_

Beaver Creek: 55

Beening, S. T: 102, _footnote_

Benjamin, Judah P: 140, _footnote_, 200, _footnote_, 215, _footnote_,
252, _footnote_

Benton, Thomas H: plan for a national highway, 28;
request, 33, _footnote_

Big Chief: merit chief of Great Osages, 238

Billy Bowlegs: leaves Florida, 20 _footnote_;
communications from, 198, _footnote_;
refuses to sign treaty with Confederate States, 198-199;
death of, 198, _footnote_;
regarded as good commander, 277, _footnote_

Bird Creek: battle of, 138, _footnote_, 255-256

Bishop, A. W: work cited, 67, _footnote_, 68, _footnote_, 133,
_footnote_

Black Beaver: 101 and _footnote_, 303

Black Dog: see _Shon-tah-sob-ba_

Blackhoof, Eli: 209, _footnote_

Blain, S. A: 56, _footnote_, 57, _footnote_

Blankets: furnished Indian refugees, 261;
to be furnished Indian soldiers in U. S. A., 271, _footnote_;
Indians need, 310;
Leeper offers to give Kiowas, 318;
Rector urges Leeper not to promise, Kiowas, 332;
Kiowas receive from U. S. government, 343

Bloomfield Academy: 40, _footnote_

Bob Deer: 244

Boggy Depot: 91, 230, _footnote_

Bonds: 61, 145-146

Boone, A. G: 210, _footnote_

Boonsboro [Boonsborough]: 111 and _footnote_, 125

Boudinot, E. C: 119, 153, 156, _footnote_, 219, _footnote_

Bourland, James: appointed commissioner, 88;
report, 91

Branch, Harrison B: 182-183, 210, _footnote_, 228, 232-233, 249, 271,
279, _footnote_

Brazos Agency: 55

Bribery: William McIntosh guilty of, 236;
of chiefs to induce secession, 262, _footnote_

Brigade: jayhawking character of Lane's, 233;
Lane's gives John Mathews his deserts, 239;
Hunter asks permission to muster, of friendly Indians, 250;
Kile, quartermaster in 274;
proportion of white troops in Pike's, 280

Brooks, Preston: 45, _footnote_

Brown, James: 217

Buchanan, James: administration charged by free-state Kansans with bad
faith, 37;
endorses pro-slavery policy, 45, _footnote_;
distrusted, 47;
"no coercion" policy, 87, _footnote_;
patronage, given to southern men, 262, _footnote_;
work cited, 22, _footnote_, 29, _footnote_

Buckner, H. S: 92

Buffalo Hump: 305, 315, 330, 338, 348

Bureau of Indian Affairs (Confederate): 128, 141, _footnote_, 190,
_footnote_

Burgevin, Edmund: 105, _footnote_

Burleigh, Walter A: 227, _footnote_

Burlington: 259, 260, _footnote_

Burroughs, B: 120

Burrow, N. B: 99, 298, 305, 330, 341

Bushwhackers: drive Caddoes out of Texas, 19, _footnote_

Butler, George: agent for Cherokees, 45, 47, _footnote_, 285, 290

Byington, Cyrus: 79

Cache Creek: 55

Caddoes: from Louisiana, 19, _footnote_;
Pike to meet, 189, _footnote_;
horses stolen by, 353

Calhoun, J. M: 90, _footnote_

Calhoun, John C: report, 27;
motive, 29;
political heresy, 133

Cameron, Simon: 234, 249, _footnote_

Campbell, A. B: 260, _footnote_

Canadian River: 55, 63, 67, 162

Cane Hill: 296, 327

Carolinas: Catawbas in, 20, _footnote_

Carroll, H. K: work cited, 37, _footnote_

Carruth, E. H: report, 84, _footnote_, 197, _footnote_, 198, _footnote_;
appointed by Lane, 242;
interviews Creek delegates, 245;
tries to arrange for inter-tribal council, 246;
letter, 267

Cass, Lewis: 193, _footnote_

Catawbas: admitted to Choctaw citizenship, 20, _footnote_;
in possession of northeastern part of Choctaw country, 20, _footnote_;
in South Carolina fight with South, 20, _footnote_

"Catron letter": 29, _footnote_

Chah-la-kee: suggested territory of, 31, _footnote_

Chah-lah-ki: district of, 178

Chah-ta: suggested territory of, 31, _footnote_

Chahta Tamaha: 189, _footnote_

Chatterton, Charles W: 259, _footnote_

Checote, Samuel: 193, 194

Cherokee Declaration of Independence written by Pike, 137, _footnote_

Cherokee Executive Council, 136, _footnote_;
John Ross promises to call meeting of, 153;
meeting of, 216, 217;
communicates with McCulloch, 226

Cherokee Neutral Lands: location, 21, _footnote_, 64;
size, 21, _footnote_;
intruded upon, 35, 46, 285, 290;
project for selling, 50, 163;
McCulloch takes position opposite, 225;
Lane's proposed camp in, 233;
Stand Watie ordered to take up a position in, 252, _footnote_;
Cowart sets out for, 294

Cherokee Outlet: 54, _footnote_, 63, _footnote_, 64

Cherokee Proclamation of Neutrality: 153-154

Cherokee Strip: location, 21, 64;
coveted by Kansans, 21

Cherokee Treaty: 157 and _footnote_;
declares allegiance to C. S. A., 159, _footnote_;
contains guarantee of autonomy, 159, _footnote_;
contains promise of representation in Congress 159, _footnote_;
navigable waters, 174;
admission to military academy, 180;
appointment of postmasters, 180;
considered by Provisional Congress, 206;
negotiated, 237;
Ross's characterization of, 257

Cherokees: from Tennessee and Georgia, 20;
tarried in Arkansas, 19, _footnote_;
go to Texas, 20, _footnote_;
removal to Arkansas suggested by Jefferson, 20, _footnote_;
in North Carolina fight with South, 20, _footnote_;
"Eastern" in controversy with "Western," 20, _footnote_;
character of constitution, 31, _footnote_;
visited by Sacs and Foxes, 36, _footnote_;
work of A.B.C.F.M. among, 39;
schools among, 39, _footnote_;
religious denominations among, 39-40;
desirable to have slaveholders settle among them, 42;
material progress due to slavery, 46;
search organization among, 48;
with Cooper as volunteers, 54;
antebellum relations with people of Arkansas, 64;
representatives at inter-tribal conference, 71;
visited by commissioners from Texas, 92;
in council with Creeks, Seminoles, Quapaws, and Sacs, 94;
Pike's negotiations with, 134, _footnote_;
to be indemnified, 163;
made an exception, 168;
at Battle of Wilson's Creek, 214-215, 214, _footnote_;
secession of, 217;
resolutions of, 223-225;
secret organization among, 291-293

Chickasaw: district, 34, _footnote_, 52

_Chickasaw and Choctaw Herald_: 56, _footnote_

Chickasaw Legislature: act, 68;
resolutions, 122, _footnote_, 155

Chickasaw Manual Labor School: 40, _footnote_

Chickasaws: from Alabama and Mississippi, 20;
character of constitution, 31, _footnote_;
domestic troubles, 34;
political connection with Choctaws, 34, _footnote_;
religious denominations among, 40, _footnote_;
construct government, 51;
as volunteers, 54;
country, 63;
not represented at inter-tribal conference, 71;
convention of Choctaws and, 91;
prevented from attending council at North Fork, 94;
take charge of property abandoned by Federals at Fort Arbuckle, 102;
appeal of Burroughs to, 120-121;
resolutions of Choctaws and, 130;
negotiations of Albert Pike with, 136, _footnote_, 196-197;
reported as anxious to join Southern Confederacy, 155;
treaty with, considered by Provisional Congress, 204-207;
E. H. Carruth communicates with loyal portion of, 246-247

Chilton, William P: 127

Chippewas: from Michigan, 19;
warriors, 227, _footnote_

Chi-sho-hung-ka: 238, _footnote_

Chisholm, Jesse: 313, 320

Choctaw-Chickasaw Regiment: 77, 207, 210, 211, 230, _footnote_, 252,
_footnote_

Choctaw-Chickasaw Treaty: 157, and _footnote_;
declares allegiance to C. S. A., 159, _footnote_;
contains promise of representation in Congress, 159, _footnote_;
suggests ultimate statehood, 160, _footnote_;
recognizes Choctaw country as distinct from Chickasaw, 161;
transfers lease of Wichita Reserve to Confederate States, 162;
navigable waters, 174;
amnesty, 175

Choctaw Corn Contract: scandal involves Pike, 57, _footnote_

Choctaw General Council: act, 20, _footnote_;
resolution, 72-74;
under authority of Chief Hudson declares Choctaw Nation "free and
independent," 156, 196;
plan treaty of alliance and amity with Confederacy, 156;
communication from Pike, 187, _footnote_, 196, _footnote_

Choctaw Light Horse: 24, _footnote_

Choctaws: tarried in Arkansas, 19, _footnote_;
Catawbas wish to unite with, 20, _footnote_;
intimacy with negroes, 20, _footnote_;
in Mississippi fight with South, 20, _footnote_;
prepared to assent to territorial bill, 31, _footnote_;
domestic troubles, 34;
political connection with Chickasaws ended, 34, _footnote_;
religious denominations among, 39-40;
schools among, 40, _footnote_;
desirable to have slaveholders settle among them, 42;
ask relief, 57, _footnote_;
country, 63;
antebellum relations with people of Arkansas and Texas, 64;
not represented at inter-tribal conference, 71;
delegation, 74;
affairs, 75-79;
treaty with Confederate States, 78, 204;
convention of Chickasaws and, 91;
prevented from attending council at North Fork, 94;
resolutions of Chickasaws and, 130;
negotiations of Pike with, 136, _footnote_, 196-197;
reported as anxious to join Confederacy, 155;
enlist in army, 210;
Carruth in communication with loyal portion, 246-247

Chuahla: 39, _footnote_

Chustenahlah: battle of, 258

Citizenship: U. S. recommended for Indians, 31 and _footnote_;
Ottawas express preference for U. S., 36, _footnote_;
Indians to determine own tribal, 169;
Jim Ned's right of, forfeited within Leased District, 306

Civil War (American): no adequate history of American, 17;
Indian allies of South in, 20, _footnote_;
in Choctaw-Chickasaw country threatened, 34 and _footnote_;
delays Indian removal from Kansas, 37;
corrupt practices of Democratic Party just prior to American, 45,
_footnote_;
Stand Watie on Southern side in, 49, _footnote_;
responsibility of Texas and Arkansas for participation of Indians in,
63;
early interest of Texas and Arkansas in Indian country, 67;
see also _Enlistment of Indians_

Civilization Fund: 37

Clark, George W: 211, _footnote_, 240, _footnote_

Clover, Seth: 209, _footnote_

Cobb, Howell: 45, _footnote_

Cockrell, S. R: 119

Coe, Chas. H: work cited, 20, _footnote_

Coffin, William G: 80 and _footnotes_, 184, 245, 247, 259, 274

Colbert, D: 41, _footnote_

Colbert, Holmes: 261, _footnote_

Colbert, Winchester: 197, 201, _footnote_

Colbert Institute: 40, _footnote_

Coleman, Isaac: 186, _footnote_, 259, _footnote_

Collamore, George W: 261, _footnote_

Colley, S. G: 350

Collin (Texas): exodus of non-secessionists from, 95

Colorado: indigenous tribe, in, 19, _footnote_;
attempts to secure Indian cooperation, 83

Comanche Treaty: 157, _footnote_, 158;
amnesty, 176

Comanches: 51, 52, 55, 189, _footnote_, 200 and _footnote_, 201, 206,
313, 320, 323, 324, 331, 337, 347, 351

Commission: from Texas to Indian nations, 88 _et seq._;
from Arkansas, 108, _footnote_

Concharta: 255

Confederate Contract: for supplying Indians of Leased District, 301-303,
347, 352

_Confederate Military History_: work cited, 103, _footnote_

_Congressional Globe_: work cited, 58, _footnote_

Connelley, W. E: work cited, 34, _footnote_, 49, _footnote_

Connor, John: 544

Cooley, D. N: 56, _footnote_, 134, _footnote_, 226

Cooper, Douglas H: citizen of Mississippi, 41;
fears abolitionization of Indian country, 41;
sends note to Superintendent Dean, 42;
sanguine as to slavery conditions among Indians, 45;
survey of Leased District, 53;
Choctaw Corn Contract, 57, _footnote_;
becomes colonel in Confederate army, 76;
regiment of Choctaws to be under command of, 77, 207;
absent from post, 82 and _footnote_;
apparently disapproves of Texan interference, 96;
receives suggestions from Rector, 106-107, _footnote_, 187;
instructions to, 147, _footnote_;
defection of, 186-187;
asked to continue as agent, 190, _footnote_;
wishes to be agent and colonel, 197, _footnote_, 212, _footnote_;
report concerning Indian enlistment, 211;
in battle with Opoethleyohola, 254 _et seq._, 312;
complains of not having more white troops, 280

Cooper, Samuel: 53, _footnote_, 147

Corn Contract: see _Choctaw Corn Contract_

Council: Cherokee, in session at Tahlequah, 50, _footnote_;
Choctaw at Doaksville, 77;
composition of Doaksville, 77;
at Fort Smith, 226-227, 241;
at Tahlequah, 237 _et seq._, 240;
Coffin holds, with representatives of non-secession element of various
tribes, 267;
Agent Johnson holds, with Delaware chiefs, 272, _footnote_;
Indian refugees hold, at Fort Roe, 278, _footnote_;
Creek, demands payment of money, 289;
Cowart reports rumor of Cherokee, 294;
Cherokee, to meet, 296;
of each tribe to consider amendments to treaties, 323;
Leeper holds with Indians of Leased District, 346;
Comanches propose, to effect everlasting peace with Southern people,
347;
see also _Inter-tribal Conference_

Covode, John: 276

Covode Committee: 45, _footnote_

Cowart, Robert J: 46, 82 and _footnote_, 89, _footnote_, 114 and
_footnote_, 184, 290, 295, 298

Cowetah: 69, _footnote_

Cox, John T: 261, _footnote_

Crawford, John: 183, _footnote_, 184-185, and _footnotes_, 190,
_footnote_, 215, _footnote_, 216, 218, 219, _footnote_, 220, 223,
325

Creek Country: Seminoles accommodated within, 50;
proposal for giving southern Comanches home within, 51 and _footnote_;
proposal to allot lands in severalty, 58

Creek Light Horse: 218, _footnote_

Creek National Council: rejects proposal for allotment of lands in
severalty, 58, _footnote_;
approves draft of treaty with C. S. A., 194

Creek Treaty: 157 and _footnote_;
Dole ignorant of existence, 157, _footnote_;
declares allegiance to C. S. A., 159, _footnote_;
contains guarantee of autonomy, 159, _footnote_;
contains promise of representation in Congress, 159, _footnote_;
model on subject of recognizing slavery, 166-167;
extradition, 173;
negotiation of, 192-195;
considered by Provincial Congress, 206;
clauses providing for active alliance, 212

Creeks: from Georgia and Alabama, 19-20;
assist in Seminole removal, 20, _footnote_;
mixture with negroes, 20, _footnote_, 23, _footnote_;
status of free negro among, 23, _footnote_;
Presbyterians among, 40;
desirable to have slaveholders settle among, 42;
repent giving home to Seminoles, 51;
location, 67;
representatives at inter-tribal council, 71;
visited by commissioners from Texas, 92;
in council with Cherokees, Seminoles, Quapaws, and Sacs, 94

Crime: unjustly charged against missionaries, 47;
charged against Reserve Indians, 52

Crutchfield, Major P. T: 111

Culbertson, Alexander: 210, _footnote_

Cumberland Presbyterians: 40, _footnote_

Curtis, Gen. S. R: 138, _footnote_

Cushing, Caleb: opinion as attorney-general, 22

Cutler, Abram: 229, _footnote_

Cutler, George A: 184, _footnote_, 249, _footnote_, 259, _footnote_, 266

Davis, Jefferson: influences Cushing, 22;
writes to Worcester, 23, _footnote_;
nominates Hubbard Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 128;
appoints Pike special commissioner to Indians, 130;
message, 202;
Marshall writes to, 207

Davis, John B: 23, _footnote_

Davis, John D: 199, _footnote_

Davis, William P: 199, _footnote_

Dawson, J. L: 193, _footnote_

Dean, Charles W: 42;
work cited, 35, _footnote_, 60, _footnote_

Debray, X. B: 102, _footnote_

Decotah: suggested territory of, 31, _footnote_

Deep Fork of Canadian: 254

Delawares: from Indiana, 19;
tarry in Missouri, 19, _footnote_;
free state men among, 35;
anxious to avoid white man's interference, 36, _footnote_;
Baptist school on reservation, 38;
as refugees, 56, _footnote_;
Leeper to communicate with, 181, _footnote_;
Pike hopes to meet, 189, _footnote_;
wealth, 208, _footnote_;
treaty with, 231, _footnote_;
employed as scouts, 232;
appeal to, 268;
response of, 268;
and Shawnees attack Wichita Agency and kill Leeper, 329, _footnote_

Delegates: five great tribes should have, in Congress, 31, _footnote_;
Pike sent as, 132-133;
to be allowed in Confederate Congress, 159, 161, 177, 203, 204, 324;
Creek on way to Washington, 245;
Gamble to Confederate Congress, 312

Delegation: Choctaw and Chickasaw, gives assurance to Indian Office of
neutrality, 74 and _footnote_, 75;
from non-secession element in various tribes, 265-266 and _footnote_,
267 and _footnote_;
from Leased District visits Kiowas, 353

Denton: exodus from, 95

Denver, J. W: 270

Derrysaw, Jacob: 69, _footnote_, 194, 218, _footnote_

Dickey, M. C: 209, _footnote_

Dickinson, J. C: 50, _footnote_, 296

Diplomacy: used to effect Indian alliance, 17;
and intrigue to effect Seminole removal from Florida, 20, _footnote_

District of Columbia: status of slavery in, 22

Disunion: Pike's poem on, 133 and _footnote_

Doaksville: 39, _footnote_;
Choctaw constitution, 51;
Council at, 77

Dole, William P: 56, _footnote_, 74, _footnote_, 75, 80, 231 and
_footnote_, 233, 241-242, 250, 266, 271, 273, 274

Dorn, Andrew J: 30, _footnote_;
takes charge of Neosho Agency, 35, _footnote_, 51;
absent from post, 82;
citizen of Arkansas, 82, _footnote_;
tells Neosho River Agency Indians to attend Tahlequah meeting, 241;
letter of, 295;
Rector complains of conduct of, 328

Dred Scott Decision: effect upon Indian interests, 29

Drew, John: 137, _footnote_, 214, _footnote_, 217, 226, 253, _footnote_,
255

Drew, Thomas: work cited, 30, _footnote_;
issues permits to peddle in Indian country, 60

Drouth: 57, 146, 208

Du Val, Ben T: 104, _footnote_

Dwight: Cherokee school at, 39, _footnote_

Echo Harjo: 58, _footnote_, 80, _footnote_, 192, 193, 243

Edwards, John: 78

Elder, Peter P: 81, _footnote_

Elk Horn Tavern: battle of, 138, _footnote_

Ellis, Jo: 244

Emigration: of Indians voluntary, 19, _footnote_

Emissaries: 83, 88, 89, _footnote_, 113 _et seq._, 114, _footnote_, 115,
_footnote_, 132, 142, 148, _footnote_, 183, 208, 210, _footnote_,
218, _footnote_, 219, _footnote_, 242

Emory, William H: 96-102, 98, _footnotes_

Enlistment of Indians: Pike favors, 132;
McCulloch instructed to secure, 144, 147;
no intention of Confederacy to use as Home Guards exclusively, 148;
Pike objects to use outside of Indian country, 149;
Hyams urges, 155;
Chief Hudson authorizes, among Choctaws, 156;
Federal attitude towards, 227 _et seq._,
compulsory, illegal, 228, _footnote_;
Lane resolves upon, 229-230 and _footnotes_;
Fremont favors, 231-232;
Delaware chiefs oppose, 232;
Lane persists in urging, 248;
urged by Hunter, 250;
to be resorted to by Federals in invading Indian Territory, 270-271
and _footnotes_, 272, _footnote_;
U. S. War Department reverses action respecting, 275, 279 and
_footnotes_;
Coffin's views on, 277, _footnote_;
muster roll showing, 344;
among Comanches abandoned, 350

Euchees: 52

Factions: among Cherokees, 49-50, 151 _et seq._, 215, 223, 240;
among Creeks, 192-194, 254;
among Seminoles, 198-199;
among Comanches, 306

Fairfield: Cherokee school at, 39, _footnote_

Fall Leaf: 231, _footnote_, 232 and _footnotes_, 233, _footnote_

Farnsworth, H. W: 229, _footnote_, 272

Fayetteville: 67, _footnote_, 184, 310, 326

Female seminaries: Indian girls attend, 67, _footnote_

Finch, John: 30, _footnote_

Finley, C. A: 270

Fishback, William Meade: 104, _footnote_

Fleming, Walter L: work cited, 108, _footnote_

Floyd, John B: 53, 296

Folsom, George: 23, _footnote_

Folsom, Israel: 74

Folsom, Joseph P: 77

Folsom, Peter: 74, 76, 196

Folsom, Sampson: 41, _footnote_, 76, 196

Food: Indian refugees need, 260;
to destitute Delawares from Cherokee country, 268, _footnote_;
Creek refugees destitute of, 273, _footnote_, 278, _footnote_;
supposed fraudulent character of contract for supplying, 285-289;
Confederate contract with Charles B. Johnson for supplying, 301-303;
for Comanches, 313;
to be furnished Indians in council considering amendments to
treaties, 323;
receipt for, furnished, 345

Fort Arbuckle: 54, 87, _footnote_, 97, 135, _footnote_, 201, _footnote_,
297, 303, 345, 357

Fort Belknap: 88, _footnote_

Fort Caleb: 295

Fort Cobb: 82, footnote, 84, _footnote_, 96, 97, 98 and _footnote_, 189,
_footnote_, 296, 332, 356

Fort Coffee Academy: 40, _footnote_

Fort Davis: 349

Fort Gibson: abandoned as military post, 53;
Major Emory and, 104;
distance from Fort Smith, 108;
Pike returns to, 137, _footnote_;
Armstrong to meet emigrating Creeks at, 193, _footnote_;
Cooper draws off in direction of, 256;
money at, 325

Fort Leavenworth: 88, _footnote_, 103, 208, _footnote_, 251, 259, 266,
267, 270

Fort Lincoln: 229, _footnote_, 230, 243

Fort McCulloch: 139, _footnote_, 284

Fort Randall: 227, _footnote_

Fort Roe: 259 and _footnote_, 275, _footnote_, 277, _footnote_

Fort Scott: 249, _footnote_, 266

Fort Smith: headquarters of southern superintendency, 64;
evacuated, 76;
W. G. Coffin fails to reach, 81, _footnote_;
Emory reaches, 97;
Emory tarries at, 99;
hot-bed of sectionalism, 103;
distance from Fort Gibson, 108;
J. J. Gaines reaches, 113;
Pike proceeds to, 138, _footnote_;
McCulloch at, 150;
talk of confiscating Rector's property at, 182, _footnote_;
distance from Scullyville, 211;
fire at, 298

Fort Smith Council: 192, _footnote_, 226-227, 241

_Fort Smith Papers_: cited, 41, _footnote_, 43, _footnote_, 50,
_footnote_, 104, _footnote_, 197, _footnote_, 198, _footnote_,
285-328

_Fort Smith Times_: cited, 47, _footnote_

Fort Sumter: 118

Fort Towson: 40, _footnote_

Fort Washita: 77, 91, 96, 189, _footnote_, 297, 303

Fort Wise: 210, _footnote_

Forty-niners: covet land in Indian country, 28

Frauds: William Walker, head chief of Wyandots, takes part in Kansas
election, 22, _footnote_

Frazier, Jackson: 41, footnote

Free negroes: status among Creeks and Seminoles, 23, _footnote_;
among Choctaws, 24, _footnote_;
Leased District rendezvous for, 56-57

Free-soilers: 45, 46, 113

Free-state expansion: charge that Calhoun intended to prevent, 30

Free-state men: intrenched among Delawares north of Kansas River, 35

Fremont, John C: 214, _footnote_, 215, _footnote_, 231, 232, 233,
_footnote_, 248, 312

Frontier: action along Missouri-Arkansas in Civil War, 17;
character of men of, 114;
Indians exploited for sake of men of, 170;
trouble on, to be expected, 183, _footnote_

Frozen Rock: 53

Fugitive Slave Law: operative within Indian country, 22, 166, 178

Gaines, J. J: 113, 115, _footnote_, 116

Gamble, James: 41, _footnote_, 54, _footnote_, 197, 312

Garland, Samuel: 74, 76

Garrett, William H: 58, _footnote_, 82, and _footnote_, 183, 184 192,
194, 212, _footnote_, 324

Georgia: Creeks and Cherokees from, 20, 193, _footnote_;
D. E. Twiggs from, 87

Grayton: exodus from, 95

Green, J. J: 105, _footnote_

Greenwood, A. B: 36, _footnote_, 45, _footnote_, 46, 48, 113, 192, 209,
_footnote_, 291, 292, 294

"Grier letter": 29, _footnote_

Griffith, Samuel: 119, 182, _footnote_, 183-184

Grimes, Marshal: 56, _footnote_, 57, _footnote_, 98, _footnote_, 336, 337

Hagerstown (Md.): Quantrill, native of, 48

Half-breeds: status of, 23, _footnote_;
generally slaveholders, 46;
influence sought in holding Indian country for South, 67;
planter class in Indian Territory, 67, 75;
white men and Choctaw, hold secession meeting, 77;
missionaries fear, 78;
hated by "loyal" Cherokees, 139, _footnote_;
attempt to force full-bloods into alliance with Confederacy, 216

Halleck, Henry W: 215, _footnote_, 275

Hamilton, Charles A: appointed commissioner, 88;
report, 91

Harris, C. A: 193, _footnote_

Harris, Cyrus: 41, _footnote_, 69, _footnote_, 80, _footnote_;
visited by commissioners from Texas, 91

Harris, Thomas A: 130

Harrison, James E: appointed commissioner, 88;
report, 91;
referred to by Governor Clark, 131, _footnote_

Helena (Ark.): 104

Hemphill, John: 100, _footnote_

Hester, G. B: 230, _footnote_

Hicks, Charles: 237, _footnote_

Hindman, Thomas C: 48, _footnote_, 105, _footnote_, 357

Hobbs, Reverend Doctor S. L: 79

Hotchkin, Ebenezer: 42, 76

Houston, Sam: 31, _footnote_, 90, 93

Howard, O. O: work cited, 220, _footnote_

Hubbard, David: 108;
letter to Governor Moore, 109-110;
nominated as Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 128;
Pike hopes for cooperation, 141;
receives instructions from Walker, 142-143;
ill-health, 143, _footnote_;
writes to John Ross, 144-145;
reply of John Ross to, 146-147;
instructed not to offer statehood, 161;
advice to Crawford, 308;
advises economy, 315

Hudson, George: 77, 80, _footnote_;
declares Choctaw Nation "free and independent," 156;
dealings with Pike, 196;
proclamation, 196, 210

Humboldt: 243, _footnote_, 247

Humphreys, John J: 185, 218, _footnote_

Hunter, David: 248, 249, and _footnote_, 250, 251, 260, 266, 270, 275,
276, 312

Hyams, S. M: 155

Illinois: tribes from, 19

Indian adoption: 169

Indian camp: Lane plans establishment to prevent foraging into Kansas,
230;
to be located in Cherokee Neutral Lands, 233;
Cooper reaches, 254

Indian country: west of Arkansas and Missouri, 19;
tribes within, indigenous and emigrant, 19 and _footnote_;
population, 20-21;
cut in two by Missouri Compromise line, 20;
reservation system established, 21;
listed with District of Columbia as strictly federal soil, 22;
Fugitive Slave Law declared operative within, 22;
presence of free negroes sometimes source of grave danger, 23,
_footnote_;
constantly beset by difficulties, 24, 27;
likely to be greatly reduced in area by Manypenny treaties, 35;
intruders attracted by supposed mines of precious metals, 35,
_footnote_;
rivalry among churches, 37;
intruders to be removed by Agent Cowart, 46;
practically no U. S. troops within, 52-53;
northern tribes of less importance politically than southern, 62,
_footnote_;
slaveholding politicians work through halfbreeds to hold for South, 67;
strategic importance of, appreciated by Arkansas, 108;
military necessity of securing, 131;
Pike describes sojourn in, 134 _et seq._, _footnote_;
McCulloch to give military protection to, 148;
McCulloch lays plans for taking possession of, 149;
establishment of Confederate States courts promised by treaty with
great tribes, 177;
postal system to be maintained throughout, 180;
U. S. War Department resolves upon expedition to, 270

Indian Home Guards: Pike in favor of Indians as, 132;
no evidence that Indians wanted exclusively as, 148;
individual Cherokees as, 149-151;
disposition to keep Indians as, 212;
Ross's plan defeated by McCulloch, 226-227;
authorized by Cherokee Executive National Council, 226;
Drew's regiment tendered to McCulloch, 227;
Drew's regiment escorts Pike to Park Hill, 240

Indian Intercourse Law: difficulty in enforcing, 24, _footnote_;
Greenwood's exposition of, 290;
Leeper asks for copy, 315;
Leeper reports troops necessary to enforce law within Leased District,
346

Indian Property Rights: put in jeopardy by pioneer advance, 28;
in trans-Missouri region, 29;
rendered secure by treaty promises, chap. iii

Indian Removal: policy, 19, _footnote_;
law for, 19, _footnote_;
indemnification for, 164-166

Indian States in Union: suggested by southern politicians, 31;
suggested by Texas newspapers, 31, _footnote_;
Confederacy promises to Choctaws, 78;
no assurance of, to be given by Hubbard, 143;
promised in treaties made by Confederacy, 160 and _footnote_, 161;
Davis calls attention to clauses in Indian treaties providing for, 203;
Provisional Congress modifies treaty guarantee for, 204

Indian Territory: small tribes find their way to, 19, _footnote_;
annexed for judicial purposes to Western District of Arkansas, 23,
_footnote_;
in danger of being abolitionized,41-42;
only home for Indians from Kansas, 36;
drouth in, 58;
political status of tribes in, 62, _footnote_;
position with respect to Texas and Arkansas, 63;
topographical description of, 63;
early interest of Texas and Arkansas in, 67;
halfbreeds of, a planter class, 67, 75;
Knights of Golden Circle active in, 68;
Indians to be driven out of, 76;
cut off from communication with U. S. Indian Office, 81, _footnote_;
agents within, all southern men, 82;
Commissioner Dole urges reoccupation of, 241;
strategical importance of, 242;
included within Trans-Mississippi District of Department No. 2, 280

Indian trade: licenses for, 59-60;
regulations respecting, 169-171

Indiana: tribes from, 19;
W. G. Coffin from, 80

Indians: lands granted in perpetuity, 18;
participation in American Civil War inevitable, 18;
as emigrants, 19;
number of colonized, 20-21;
proportion of southern to northern, 21;
slaves enticed away by abolitionists, 23;
seized as fugitives by southern men, 23;
interests militated indirectly against by Dred Scott decision, 29;
territorial form of government for, 30, _footnote_, 31, _footnote_;
treaty rights likely to be seriously affected by repeal of Missouri
Compromise, 34;
plan for colonizing Texas, 52, 55;
Knights of Golden Circle active among, 68;
condition of, reported by Texas commissioners, 94;
Choctaw and Chickasaw friendly to Confederate States, 100, _footnote_;
enlistment, 132, 147-149, 155, 181, _footnote_, 207, 210, 211-212,
227, _footnote_, 248, 250, 252, _footnote_, 270, 275, 279;
treaties with Confederate States, 157-158, 202-206;
judicial rights under treaties with Confederate States, 172-174;
military support secured early by Confederacy, 207;
use of, by U. S. as soldiers uncertain, 227 _et seq._;
not subject to conscription, 228, _footnote_;
reported arming themselves on southern border of Kansas, 228,
_footnote_;
conference with Lane at Fort Lincoln, 230;
totally abandoned by U. S. government, 262, _footnote_;
see also under names of individual nations and tribes

Interior Department: 53, 80, 218, _footnote_, 242, 265, 273

Interlopers: encourage slavery within Indian country, 22;
see also _Intruders_

Inter-tribal Conference: documents relating to, called by the
Chickasaws, 68, _footnote_;
assembling of, at Creek Agency, 70;
attendance, 71;
action, 71-72;
action not officially reported to U. S. government, 82;
Motey Kennard and Echo Harjo in Washington at time, was planned, 192;
Indians solicit, 209, _footnote_;
Lane arranges for, to meet at Fort Lincoln, 243, 246;
Coffin desires, at Humboldt, 247;
plans for, at Leroy, 248;
Hunter instructed to hold, 250;
difference between, as planned by Lane and by Hunter, 250, _footnote_;
John T. Cox gives account of, 262, _footnote_

Interview: of Pike and McCulloch with Cherokee Confederate sympathizers,
135, _footnote_, 152;
of Lane with representatives of various tribes at Fort Lincoln
proposed, 243, 246;
of Coffin with Carruth, 243, _footnote_;
of Carruth with Creek delegation, 245

Intrigue: and diplomacy to effect Seminole removal from Florida, 20,
_footnote_;
Pike expected to succeed in, with Southern Indians, 86, _footnote_

Intruders: to be removed by Agent Cowart, 46;
interfere with slavery, 47;
Confederate military authority to supplement tribal in expulsion of,
169;
Agent Butler's reports, 285;
Greenwood discusses matter with Rector, 290-291;
Cowart reports progress in removal of, 295, 296, 297;
Cowart gives notice to John B. Jones to leave Cherokee Nation, 296;
see also _Interlopers_

Iowas: 189, _footnote_

Irish, O. H: 227, _footnote_

Iyanubbi: Choctaw school at, 39, _footnote_

Jackson, Andrew: 19;
inducements offered to Indians, 58;
procedure of, 72;
opposed to political tenets of John C. Calhoun, 133

Jayhawking: of Lane's brigade, 233, 234, 277

Jennison, C. R: 275, _footnote_

Jesup, Thomas S: 164, _footnote_, 165

Jim Ned: 306, 330, 341

Jim Pockmark: 306, 338

John Chupco: 198, _footnote_, 199

John Jumper: and Seminole removal, 20, _footnote_;
favors boarding schools for youth of tribe, 40, _footnote_;
approached by Albert Pike, 85, _footnote_, 197, _footnote_, 198,
_footnote_;
signs complaint against General Jesup, 164, _footnote_;
signs treaty with Confederate States, 198;
signature attached to Comanche treaties, 200, _footnote_;
doing duty faithfully, 319;
letter to, 337

Johnson, Charles, B: 56, _footnote_, 98, _footnote_, 105, footnote, 190,
_footnote_, 199, 287, 289, 301, 314, 323, 332, 352

Johnson, F: 231, footnote, 232, 248, and _footnote_, 329, _footnote_

Johnson, James B: 105, _footnote_

Johnson, Richard H: 47, _footnote_, 105, _footnote_

Johnson, Robert W: 31, _footnote_, 47, _footnote_, 105, _footnote_, 127;
correspondence with Albert Pike, 131, 132;
motion, 204;
Crawford serves by request, 308;
elected senator, 334

Johnson, Thomas: slavery-propagation work among Indians, 22, _footnote_,
39

Johnson, W. Warren: 303

Johnson: exodus from, 95

Jones, Evan: 47, 93, 135, _footnote_, 217, 218, _footnote_, 236, 240,
_footnote_, 292, 293

Jones, H. P: 199, 348, 350

Jones, John: 309

Jones, John B: 47, 269, _footnote_, 296

Jones, R. M: 75, 77, 79, 197, 344-345

Journeycake, Charles: 231, _footnote_, 268, _footnote_

Jumper, John: see _John Jumper_

Ka-hi-ke-tung-ka: 238, _footnote_

Kannady, J. R: 125

Kansa: indigenous to Kansas, 19;
suffering of, 209, _footnote_

Kansas: Indian tribes in, 19;
agitation for the opening up of, 28;
compared with Choctaw country, 31, _footnote_;
suggested organization causes excitement among Indians, 33-34;
citizens encroach upon Cherokee Neutral Lands, 46;
drouth in, 58;
political status of tribes in, 62, _footnote_;
and Cherokee Outlet, 64;
Elder, citizen of, 186;
Pike desires to raise Indian battalion, 207;
Indians wish to fight, 227, _footnote_

Kansas Historical Society: _Collections_, 19, _footnote_, 34, _footnote_

Kansas-Nebraska Bill: effect upon Indian interests, 29, 35;
settlers demand Indians to vacate territory covered by, 36;
Seward's speech on, 58-59

Kansas Territory: first districting illegally included Indian lands, 35;
free-state settlers charge Buchanan government with bad faith, 37

Kappler, C. J: work cited, 20, _footnote_, 34, _footnote_, 49,
_footnote_, 50, _footnote_, 52, _footnote_

Kaskaskias: from Illinois, 19

Keitt, Lawrence M: 127, 129

Kennedy, John C: 211, _footnote_

Kickapoos: from Indiana, 19;
tarry in Missouri, 19, _footnote_;
denominationalism among, 37, _footnote_;
refugees, 56, _footnote_;
Leeper to communicate with, in name of Albert Pike, 181, _footnote_;
Pike hopes to meet, 189, _footnote_

Kile, William: 261, _footnote_, 274

Kingsbury, Rev. Cyrus: 40, and _footnote_, 43, _footnote_, 76

Kingsbury Jr., Cyrus: 79

Kiowas: 52;
Texans reported tampering with, 210, _footnote_;
messengers from, 309;
talk for, 320;
treaty with, to be effected, 323, 331;
delegation of, 324;
Big-head, chief of, 342;
Lone Wolf, chief of, 350;
E-sa-sem-mus, chief of, 350;
annual festival of, 351;
treaty with, 354

Knights of Golden Circle: probable influence with Arkansas Legislature,
68, _footnote_;
evidence of activity among Indians, 68;
halfbreeds belong to, 86, _footnote_

Koonsha Female Seminary: 40, _footnote_

Lands: plot to dispossess Indian of, 18;
pledged by U. S. government as Indian possession in perpetuity, 18, 28;
of Cherokees extended north of thirty-seventh parallel, 21;
of Indians coveted by Forty-niners, 28;
of Indians in Kansas excluded from local governmental control, 35;
allotment in severalty proposed to Creeks, Choctaws and Chickasaws, 58;
violation of treaties to cost Indians their, 86, _footnote_;
property rights of Indians guaranteed by Confederacy, 161 _et seq._;
Indians to have right to dispose of by will, 172;
Cherokee halfbreeds fear designs upon Indian, 216

Lane, James H: 125, 229, 231, _footnote_, 233, 242, 251 and _footnote_,
265, 270, 276, 278

Lane, W. P: 357

Laughinghouse, G. W: 120

Leased District: 52 and _footnote_, 54, 56, 57, _footnote_, 63, 67, 96,
179, 199, 297, 340, 349

Lee, Robert E: 88, _footnote_, 98, _footnote_, 99

Lee, S. Orlando: letter, 75-79, 197, _footnote_

Leeper, Matthew: 57 and _footnote_, 82 and _footnote_, 96, 98 and
_footnote_, 99, 180, _footnote_, 199, _footnote_, 303, 304-307,
311, 315-319;
removal of, asked for by Rector, 323;
death of, 329, _footnote_;
charges against, 333

_Leeper Papers_: cited, 57, _footnote_, 99, _footnote_, 102, _footnote_,
181, _footnote_, 186, _footnote_, 199, _footnote_, 200,
_footnote_, 201, _footnote_, 329-357

Lee's Creek: Cherokee school at, 39, _footnote_

Lefontaine, Louis: 208, _footnote_

Leroy: 248, 266

Lincoln, Abraham: 68, 76, 80, 86, _footnote_, 93, 95, 118, 122,
_footnote_, 182, 185, 234 and _footnote_, 250, 265, _footnote_,
266, 274, 276, 278

Little Captain: 277, _footnote_

Little Rock: 103, 108, 190, _footnote_

London, John T: 104, _footnote_

Long John: 198, _footnote_

Love, Overton: 23, _footnote_

Lower Creeks: 50, 80, _footnote_, 192, 244

Lowrie, Walter: 75

"Loyal Creeks": 192, _footnote_, 193, 194, _footnote_, 195, 199,
243-246, 250, 254, 259;
sufferings, 260;
measures for relief of, 260 _et seq._, 272;
annuities of "hostiles" to be applied to relief of, 274

Luce, John B: 125, 282, _footnote_

McCarron, Thomas: 311

McClellan, George B: 265, _footnote_, 275, 276

McCulloch, Ben: 85, _footnote_, 120, 135, _footnote_, 141, 143-144;
letter of Hubbard to, 144-145;
attempt to secure Cherokee help, 149-153;
communication with John Ross, 149;
reply of John Ross to, 150;
correspondence with Secretary Walker, 151, and _footnote_;
reports Choctaws and Chickasaws as anxious to join Confederacy, 155;
accompanies Albert Pike, 189, _footnote_;
gives authority for calling out six hundred rangers from Fort Cobb,
198, _footnote_;
objects to appointment of Garrett as colonel of Creek regiment, 212,
_footnote_;
acts under direct orders from Richmond, 225;
promises to protect Cherokee borders, 227;
orders Stand Watie to take up position in Cherokee Neutral Lands, 252,
_footnote_;
goes to Richmond, 257, _footnote_

McCulloch, Henry E: 99, _footnote_, 207

McCulloch, Thomas C: 210, _footnote_

McDaniel, James: 262, _footnote_, 268, and _footnote_

Machinations: secessionist sympathy of Indians not due to, of agents and
others, 219, _footnote_

McIntosh, Chilly: 92, 140, _footnote_, 193, and _footnote_, 200,
_footnote_

McIntosh, D. N: 92

McIntosh, James: 256 _et seq._

McIntosh, Rolly: 193, _footnote_

McIntosh, William: 191, _footnote_, 193, _footnote_;
attempts to bribe John Ross, 236, _footnote_

McRae, John J: presents petition for removal of Choctaws, 20, _footnote_

McWillie, M. H: 207, _footnote_

Mails: insecurity, 116;
none in Indian country, 190, _footnote_;
irregularity, 230, 252, _footnote_;
must be provided for in Leased District, 309;
Rector has no authority to establish, 332

Malfeasance: Rev. Thomas Johnson suspected of, 39, 41;
few Indian Office officials free from, 56, _footnote_;
Washburn implicated in, 85, _footnote_;
Indian agents guilty of, 262, _footnote_

Manassas Junction: battle of, 216

Mandan: suggested territory of, 32, _footnote_

Manypenny, George W: 30, _footnote_;
Indian treaties made by, 33, _footnote_, 35;
promises to look into expediency of Comanche removal, 51, _footnote_;
suggests giving Indians control of trade, 170

Marcy, William L: 165, _footnote_

Marshall, F. J: 207

Marysville: 207

Mass-meeting: of Cherokees at Tahlequah, 217 _et seq._, 226, 234

Mathews, John: 235, _footnote_, 239

Mayers, Abram G: 56, _footnote_, 197, _footnote_, 230, _footnote_, 287,
288, 289, 312

Mayes, Joel: 214, _footnote_

Medicines: Texans seize, 305, 308;
Leeper's requisition can not be honored, 330-331

Memphis (Tenn.): 97, 104, 134, _footnote_

Methodist Episcopal Church South: 37, _footnote_, 38, 40, _footnote_

Methodists: 38

Mexican War: effect upon Indian interests, 28;
service of Pike in, 132

Miamies: from Indiana, 19;
charges against Agent Clover, 209, _footnote_

Michigan: tribes from, 19

Mikko Hutke: 194, 244

Military Board of Arkansas: 190

Minnesota: territory of Decotah to be carved out of, 31, _footnote_

Mission: of Pike, 134 _et seq._;
of Hubbard, 143 _et seq._;
of Carruth, 242, 246-247

Missionaries: encourage slavery within Indian country, 22;
among Indians, 39 _et seq._;
suspected of attempting to abolitionize Indian country, 41;
charged with inciting to murder, 47;
search organization among Cherokees due to, 48

_Missionary Herald_: cited, 40, _footnote_, 41, footnote

Missions: 39 _et seq._, 143

Mississippi: Choctaws and Chickasaws from, 20;
Choctaws in, fight on side of South, 20, _footnote_;
Cooper, citizen of, 41

Mississippi River: 17, 63

Missouri: Kickapoos, Shawnees, and Delawares tarry in, 19, _footnote_;
interests herself in Indian alliance, 83

Missouri Compromise: line approximately boundary between northern and
southern Indian immigrants, 21;
encroachment upon northern rights under, 22;
as affected by Kansas-Nebraska bill, 30

Mitchell, Charles B: 97, 98, 334

Montgomery: 76, 87, _footnote_, 94, 109, 192, 196, 297

Moore, Andrew B: 108

Moore, Frank: work cited, 45, _footnote_, 125, _footnote_, 227,
_footnote_

Moore, Thomas O: 155, 192, _footnote_

Moo-sho-le-tubbee: district of, 34, _footnote_

Moravians: 38

Morton, Jackson: 127

Motey Kennard: 58, _footnote_, 80, _footnote_, 92, 94, 119, 191, and
_footnote_, 193, 199, 200, _footnote_, 218, _footnote_, 243, 337

Mound City: 230, _footnote_

Munsees: from Ohio, 19;
Moravians among, 38

Murphy, J: 119

Mus-co-kee: territory of suggested, 31, _footnote_

Navajoe: suggested territory of, 32, _footnote_

Ne-a-math-la: 193, _footnote_

Nebraska: indigenous tribes in, 19, _footnote_;
agitation for opening up of, 28;
drouth in, 57

Ne-con-he-con: 268, _footnote_

Negroes: Choctaws charged with mixing with, 20, _footnote_;
Creeks almost completely mixed with, 22, _footnote_;
Creeks possess no aversion to race mixture, 23, _footnote_;
no rights that white men are bound to respect, 29;
Quantrill plans to rescue, 48;
Indians agree to return fugitive, 166, _footnote_;
six hundred, seized by Kansans, 334

Neighbors, Robert S: 56, _footnote_

Neosho: suggested territory of, 31, _footnote_

Neosho River: 208, 277, _footnote_

Neosho River Agency: 30, _footnote_;
invaded, 35, _footnote_;
Elder put in charge of, 186;
Indians of, at Fort Smith Council, 241

Neutrality: McCulloch agrees to respect Cherokee, 136, _footnote_;
of Indians scarcely possible, 145;
Chief Ross gives reasons for preserving, 147, 150;
Chief Ross objects to violation of, 150;
majority of Cherokees favor, 153;
Chief Ross's Proclamation of, 153-154;
discussion in Cherokee meeting at Tahlequah, 220 _et seq._;
McCulloch orders Stand Watie's men not to interfere with Cherokee, 227

New Hope Academy: 40, _footnote_

_New Orleans Picayune_: 32, _footnote_

Newspapers: 47, 75, 80, _footnote_

New York Indians: from Wisconsin, 19;
reservation invaded, 35;
members of Neosha River Agency, 51;
Refugees camp upon lands of, 260

North Carolina: Cherokees fight on side of South, 20, _footnote_

North Fork Village: 92, 94, 95, 157, 188, 192

North Fork of Canadian: 67, 136, _footnote_, 189, _footnote_, 254

Northern Baptists: 38, 39

Northern Indians: colonized within limits of great American desert, 18;
relative position of, 21;
Pike hoped to exert influence over, 208;
reported organized into spy companies by Federals, 306

Oak Hills, or Wilson's Creek: battle of, 215, 216, 225, 257, _footnote_

Ochiltree, William B: 129

Office of Indian Affairs: plans for removal of Catawbas from Carolinas,
20, _footnote_;
takes measures for removal of Seminoles from Florida, 20, _footnote_;
refuses to remove Choctaws from Mississippi, 20, _footnote_;
unable to execute plan for removal of Texas Indians before 1859, 52;
reply of Creeks to proposals, 58;
patronage of, 59;
out of communication with Indian Territory, 81, _footnote_;
complaint filed at, 96;
in possession of documents incriminating D. H. Cooper, 186;
discontinues Indian allowances, 192;
supports War Department, 271

Ogden, John B: 89, _footnote_, 108, _footnote_, 115, _footnote_

Ohio: people of, desire information about Manypenny treaties, 33,
_footnote_

Okanagan: suggested territory of, 32, _footnote_

Ok-ta-ha-hassee Harjo [Sands]: 194, 244, and _footnote_

Old Choctaw Agency: 211, _footnote_

Oldham, W. S: 100, _footnote_

_Old Scottish Gentleman_: 107 and _footnote_

Old Settlers Party: 49

Omaha Mission School: youths from, enlist in army, 227, _footnote_

Omahas: 227, _footnote_

Opoeth-le-yo-ho-la: 138, _footnote_, 193 and _footnote_, 194, 195,
_footnote_, 198, _footnote_, 236, _footnote_, 243, 253,
_footnote_, 254 _et seq._, 268, 278

Oregon: occupied, 28

Osage Manual Labor School: 38, _footnote_

Osage Mission: 182, _footnote_

Osage River Agency: 208, _footnote_

Osage Treaty: 157 and _footnote_;
lands, in Kansas guaranteed by, 162;
model on subject of rendition of slaves, 167;
navigable waters, 175;
negotiated, 237

Osages: indigenous to Kansas, 19;
Great and Little, 20, _footnote_;
reservation invaded, 35, 295;
determined to resist removal, 36;
Roman Catholicism among, 38 members of Neosho River Agency, 51;
negotiations with Pike, 137, _footnote_;
described as "lazy," 208, _footnote_;
letter to, from John Ross, 235, 236, _footnote_;
bands of, 237

Otis, Elmer: 210, _footnote_

Otoes: 209, _footnote_

Ottawas: from Michigan, 19;
regard removal as useless, 36, _footnote_;
Baptists among, 38

Ozark Mountains: 19, _footnote_

Pacific Railroad Surveys: cited, 54, _footnote_

Pa-hiu-ska: 238, _footnote_

Panola: county of, 68, _footnote_

Pape, Henry: 182, _footnote_

Park Hill: Cherokee school at, 39, _footnote_;
residence of John Ross, 135, _footnote_, 188, footnote;
John Ross at, 150;
W. S. Robertson retires to, 218, _footnote_;
Pike invited to, 234;
treaties negotiated at, 237

Parker, Eli S: 228, _footnote_

Parker, Thomas Valentine: work cited, 49, _footnote_

Parks, Robert W: 355

Pas-co-fa: 198 and _footnote_, 319

Pawnees: purchase from, 33, _footnote_;
offer to enlist in U. S. army declined, 227, _footnote_

Pea Ridge: battle of, 138, _footnote_, 284

Pearce, N. Bart: 120, 131

Pegg, Major: 256, 257

Peoria, Baptiste: 235, _footnote_

Peorias: from Illinois, 19

Petition: of Representative John J. McRae, 20, _footnote_

Phelps, J. S: 81, _footnote_; 211, _footnote_, 240, _footnote_

Phillips, U. B: work cited, 134, _footnote_, 191, _footnote_

Piankeshaws: from Illinois, 19

Pickens: county of, 68, _footnote_

Pierce, Franklin: 41, _footnote_, 56, _footnote_

Pike, Albert: dislike of Van Dorn, 55, _footnote_;
concerned with Choctaw Corn Contract, 57, _footnote_;
and Choctaw commissioners, 78;
writes to Seminole chief, 84, _footnote_;
telegram, 105, _footnote_;
poem in honor of Elias Rector, 106;
correspondence with Robert Toombs, 129, 131, 134 and _footnote_, 152
and _footnote_;
appointed by President Davis special commissioner to Indians west of
Arkansas, 130;
correspondence with R. W. Johnson, 131, 132;
writings, 132, _footnote_, 133 and _footnote_;
unjust to John Ross, 134, _footnote_;
commissioner from Arkansas, 190-191;
views on use of Indians as soldiers, 149;
continues intercourse with Ridge Party, 156 and _footnote_;
moderate in promises to strong tribes, 163;
assumes financial obligations in name of Confederacy, 163-164;
opens communication with Indian field service, 180-181;
offers post to Leeper, 180, _footnote_;
negotiates with Creeks, 192-195;
negotiates with Choctaws and Chickasaws, 196-197;
negotiates with Seminoles, 197-199;
negotiates with western Indians, 200-202, 200, _footnote_;
report submitted by President Davis to Provisional Congress, 202;
invited to be present at consideration of Indian treaties, 205;
desires to raise an Indian battalion from Kansas, 208;
informed of Cherokee willingness to treat, 234;
assigned to command of Indian Territory, 253-254, 322;
Van Dorn's plans for, 280, 283;
retires to Fort McCulloch, 284;
continues Charles B. Johnson as contractor, 301-303;
receives Leeper's apology, 356

Pike, W. L: 194

Pine Ridge: 43, _footnote_

Pins: 86, _footnote_, 135, _footnote_, 137, _footnote_, 138, _footnote_,
216

Pioneers: 18, _footnote_

Pitchlynn, P. P: 74, 77

Pitchlynn, W. B: 197

Policy: of U. S. government with respect to Indians, 18;
of Confederate States government, 147

Politicians: as influencing Indian policy of government, 18, _footnote_;
motives of, 21;
demands of, for Indians, 31;
reason for urging secession among Indians, 98, _footnote_;
unjust charges against Ross, 150

Polk, James K: work cited, 49, _footnote_, 166, _footnote_

Pomeroy, Samuel C: 231, _footnote_

Pontotoc: county of, 68, _footnote_

Pope, John: 105, _footnote_

Population: of Indian country, 20-21;
of southern superintendency, 211, _footnote_;
of Creek Nation as estimated by Agent Garrett in report to Hubbard,
252-253, _footnote_

Postal system: to be maintained by Confederate States throughout Indian
country, 180

Potawatomies: from Indiana, 19;
Roman Catholicism among, 38;
Southern Baptists among, 38

Poteau River: 108

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions: 37, _footnote_, 40, _footnote_,
41, 79

Presbyterians (Old School): 38, _footnote_, 39, 40, _footnote_, 41

Price, Sterling: 138, _footnote_, 225, 257, _footnote_, 280, 283, 312,
326, 334

Prince, J. E: 98, _footnote_, 231, _footnote_

Proclamation: of Ross pledging Cherokee neutrality, 153-154;
of Hudson announcing Choctaw independence, 196, 210

Pro-slavery men: intrenched among Shawnees south of Kansas River, 35;
settled upon Cherokee Neutral Lands, 35, _footnote_

Protectorate: over Indian tribes suggested, 130, 142, 158, 190

Provisional Congress of Confederate States: act of, May 21, 1861, 130,
158 and _footnote_;
considers treaties with Indian tribes, 202-206

Pulliam, Richard P: 183, _footnote_, 184, 294, 295, 297, 311, 324

Pushmataha: George Folsom, chief of district of, 23, _footnote_;
District of, 34, _footnote_

Quakers: 39

Quantrill, Wm. Clarke: 48, 214, _footnote_

Quapaw Treaty: 157 and _footnote_

Quapaws: 51, 64, 67;
in council with Creeks, Cherokees, Seminoles, and Sacs, 94;
negotiations with Pike, 136, _footnote_, 235, _footnote_, 237

Quesenbury, William: 183, _footnote_, 184, 190, _footnote_, 194, 303, 323

Ray, P. Orman: work cited, 22, _footnote_, 34, _footnote_, 38, _footnote_

Reagan, J. H: 230, _footnote_

Rector, Elias: superintends removal of Seminoles, 20, _footnote_, 182,
_footnote_;
demands for Indians, 31, _footnote_;
Cooper writes to, 42;
urges that Frozen Rock be converted into military post, 53;
enters into sort of private contract with Johnson and Grimes, 56 and
_footnote_;
Grimes and, 57, _footnote_, 285-289;
relieved, 80, _footnote_;
seconds efforts of cousin, 106;
suggestion to Cooper, 106-107, _footnote_, 187;
gives letter of introduction to Gaines, 113;
gives information concerning Choctaws and Chickasaws, 120;
attempt of U. S. government to find successor to, 182;
uncertainty as to when entering Confederate service, 182, _footnote_;
interview with Pike, 190, _footnote_;
in company of Pike, 197, 198, _footnote_;
writes to Leeper, 199, _footnote_;
expense account of, 304;
complaint against Pike, 328

Rector, Henry M: 102, 112

Red Fork of Canadian: 67, 255

Red River: 55, 63, 77, 91, 95, 100 and _footnote_, 108, 139, _footnote_,
175, 347, 349

Refugees: Opoethleyohola, leader of, 195;
Coffin prepares to meet, 259;
take up station between Verdigris and Arkansas Rivers, 259;
approximate number of, 260 and _footnote_;
sufferings of, 260-261 and _footnotes_, 265, _footnote_, 272;
absolute destitution of, 273, _footnote_;
Dole furnishes supplies to, 274;
joint resolution for relief of, 274;
annuities of hostile Indians to be diverted to relief of, 274 and
_footnote_

Regiment: Colonel Cooper's filled with Texans, 78;
Choctaw-Chickasaw and Creek, 210-211;
Creek, to elect its own officers, 213;
Drew's, organized, 226-227;
work and character of Drew's, 240 and _footnote_;
of Choctaw-Chickasaw Mounted Rifles, of Creeks, and of Cherokee
Mounted Rifles, 252, _footnote_, 262, _footnote_;
Drew's deserts Cooper, 256;
only one white, in whole Indian Department, 280;
Leeper asks for at least one, to keep order on Reserve, 349

Reid, Alexander: 76, 78