Chapter V: China

Art Different from that of Europe or America.--How it must be Viewed.--Religion.--Legend.--Hoang-ti the Inventor of Pottery.--The Leading Points of Religious System.--Personified Principles.--Lao-tseu, Confucius, and Buddha.--Kuan-in.--Pousa or Pou-tai.--Dragons.--Dog of Fo.--Ky-lin.--Sacred Horse.--Fong-hoang.--Symbols.--Meaning of Colors and Shapes.--POTTERY: When First Made.--Céladon.--Crackle.--How Made.--Porcelain Crackle.--Decorations on Crackle.--Household Vessels.--Stone-ware.--Licouli.--Tower of Nankin.--Pipe-clay.--Boccaro.--Colors and Decoration of Pottery.--Colors on Crackle. PORCELAIN: When Invented.--King-teh-chin.--All Classed as Hard, Exceptions.--Old Porcelains.--Kouan-ki.--Blue-and-white.--Persian Styles.--Turquoise and other Blues.--Leading Events of Ming Dynasty.--Egg-shell.--Tai-thsing Dynasty.--Mandarin Vases.--Families.--Old White.--Jade.--Purple and Violet.--Liver Red.--Imperial Yellow.--Chinese Ideas of Painting.--Soufflé.--Grains of Rice.--Articulated and Reticulated Vases.--Cup of Tantalus.....109

CHAPTER VI.

COREA.

Geographical Position.--Successive Conquests.--Its Independent Art.--Confused Opinions regarding it.--Its Porcelain.--Decoration.....154

CHAPTER VII.

JAPAN.

How to Study Japanese Art: Its Origin.--Its Revived Independence.--Nomino-Soukoune.--Shirozayemon.--Raku.--When Porcelain was First Made.--Shonsui.--Form of Government.--The Gods.--Symbols.--“Land of Great Peace.”--Foreign Relations.--General Features of Art.--Chinese and Japanese Porcelains.--POTTERY: Geographical Distribution.--Classification.--Satsuma.--Difficult Ware.--Saki Cups.--Imitations of Satsuma.--Kioto.--Awata.--Awadji.--Banko. --Kiusiu.--Karatsu.--Suma.--PORCELAIN: Leading Differences between Japanese and Chinese.--Sometsuki Blue.--Ware for Export.--Gosai, or Nishikide.--Arita, or Hizen.--Families.--Decoration.--Modern Hizen.--Seidji.--Kioto.--Eraku.--Kaga.--Portraiture.--Owari.--Lacquer. --Cloisonné.--Rose Family.--Early Styles: Indian: Dutch Designs.--General Characteristics of Japanese Art.....156

CHAPTER VIII.

PERSIA.

Persia, and its Influence.--History.--Conquests.--Religious Revolutions.--Zoroaster.--Mohammed.--Geographical Position.--General View of Influences bearing upon Art.--Decoration.--Flowers and Symbols.--Conventional Styles.--Whence came the Monsters Appearing upon Wares.--Metallic Lustre.--POTTERY: Composition.--Caution in Looking at Specimens.--Wall-Tiles and their Decoration.--Vases.--PORCELAIN: Had Persia a True Porcelain?--Classification, and the Difficulties Attending It.--Decoration.--Classes Formed by Prevailing Color.....189

BOOK III.--EUROPE.

CHAPTER I.

THE FOUNTAINS OF EUROPEAN ART.

Routes by which Art Travelled.--Their Point of Convergence.--Cyprus: Its History.--The Successive Nations Governing It.--The Strata of Ancient Civilization found within its Shores.--The Discoveries of Cesnola.--Larnaca.--Dali.--Athieno.--Curium.--Progress of Cypriote Pottery.--Early Greek Art: Its Connection with Assyria and Egypt.--Phœnician and Assyrian Art.--General Deductions.--Asia Minor.--Oriental Art turning in various Streams to Greece.--What Greece Rejected, Persia Seized upon.--Persia’s Contributions to Ceramic Art.--History in Reference to its Art.--Effect of Conquest.--What Persia Taught the Arabs.--Spread of Persian Art by the Saracens.--Rhodes.--Damascus.--Progress of Saracenic Art.--The North of Africa.--Metallic Lustre and Stanniferous Enamel.--Hispano-Moresque.--Early Spain.--Persian Influence upon Europe.....198

CHAPTER II.

GREECE.

General Character of Greek Ceramics.--Form and Color.--Borrowed from Egypt and Phœnicia.--How Original.--UNBAKED CLAY: Bricks and Statues.--TERRA-COTTA: Where Used.--Tiles.--Models.--Vessels.--Pithos.--Amphora.--Pigments used on Terra-cotta.--Rhyton.--GLAZED WARES: Quality of Glaze.--Paste.--Enumeration and Description of Vessels.--Uses of Vases.--Chronological Arrangement.--Methods of Making Vessels.--Successive Styles of Ornamentation.--Figures.--Earliest Style.--Archaic Style.--Human Figures.--“Old Style.”--Approach to Best Art.--“Fine Style.”--“Florid Style.”--Decline.--Classification according to Subjects Represented on Vases.--Reliefs and Statuettes as Decoration.....219

CHAPTER III.

THE IBERIAN PENINSULA.

SPAIN: Ancient Pottery.--Valencia the Most Ancient Centre.--The Roman Period.--Arabs.--Valencia under the Moors.--Its Decline.--Malaga the Most Ancient Moorish Settlement.--The Alhambra Vase.--Influence of Christianity.--Majorca.--Azulejos.--Modern Spain.--Porcelain.--Buen Retiro.--Moncloa.--Alcora.--PORTUGAL: Vista Allegre.--Rato.--Caldas.....233