Chapter IV: Italy

Italian Art.--Whence Derived.--Greece and Persia.--Divisions.--Ancient Roman and Etruscan.--Etruria and Greece.--Questions Resulting from Discoveries at Vulci.--Early Connection between Etruria and Greece.--Etruscan Art an Offshoot of Greek.--Examples.--Best of Black Paste.--Why Etruscan Art Declined.--Rome.--Nothing Original.--Its Debt to Etruria and Greece.--Decline of its Art.--Unglazed Pottery and its Divisions.--Glazed Pottery.--Samian Ware.--Aretine.--Terra-cotta.--After Rome fell.--The Renaissance.--Saracenic Influences.--Crusades.--Conquest of Majorca.--Tin Enamel and Metallic Lustre.--Bacini at Pisa.--Lead Glaze.--Majolica Made at Pesaro.--Sgraffiati.--Luca della Robbia.--Sketch of his Life.--His Alleged Discovery.--What he really Accomplished.--Where he Acquired the Secret of Enamel.--His Works.--Bas-Reliefs.--Paintings on the Flat.--His Successors.--Recapitulation of Beginnings of Italian Majolica.--Chaffagiolo.--Siena.--Florence.--Pisa.--Pesaro.--Castel-Durante. --Urbino.--Gubbio and Maestro Giorgio.--Faenza.--Forli, Rimini, and Ravenna.--Venice.--Ferrara.--Deruta.--Naples.--Shape and Color.--Modern Italy.--PORCELAIN: Florence and Earliest Artificial Porcelain.--Theory of Japanese Teaching.--La Doccia.--Venice, and the Question of its First Making European Porcelain.--Le Nove.--Capo di Monte.....240

CHAPTER V.

FRANCE.

Prospect on approaching France.--Present and Past.--The Ancient Celts.--Under the Romans.--Middle Ages.--Poitou, Beauvais, and Hesdin.--Italian Influence.--A National Art.--Bernard Palissy, Barbizet, Pull, and Avisseau.--Henri Deux Ware.--Rouen.--Nevers.--Moustiers.--Marseilles.--Strasburg.--Limoges. --Haviland’s New Process.--Examples.--Bourg-la-Reine.--Laurin.--Deck. --Colinot.--Creil. --Montereau.--Longwy.--Parville.--Gien.--Sarreguemines. --Niederviller.--Luneville.--Nancy.--St. Clement.--St. Amand.--Paris.--Sceaux. --PORCELAIN: Efforts to Make Porcelain.--First Artificial Porcelain.--St. Cloud.--Lille.--Paris.--Chantilly.--Mennecy.--Vincennes.--Sèvres.--Natural, or Hard, Porcelain.--Discovery of Kaolin.--Various Factories.--Limoges. --Deck.--Regnault.--Solon.--Pate Changeante.--Pate-sur-Pate.....271

CHAPTER VI.

GERMANY AND CENTRAL EUROPE.

Early Pottery.--Lake Dwellers.--Early German.--Peculiar Shapes.--How Peasants Account for Relics.--Roman Epoch.--Tin Enamel.--Leipsic.--Breslau.--Nuremberg.--The Hirschvogels.--Villengen.--Höchst.--Marburg.--Bavaria.--Switzerland. --Belgium.--Delft.--STONE-WARE: Countess Jacqueline.--Teylingen.--Graybeards.--Fine Stone-ware.--Grès de Flandre.--Creussen.--PORCELAIN: Böttcher.--His First Productions.--Meissen Porcelain.--Decoration.--Best Days of Meissen.--Its Decline.--Vienna.--Höchst.--Fürstenburg.--Höxter.--Frankenthal. --Nymphenburg.--Berlin.--Holland.--Weesp.--Loosdrecht.--The Hague.--Switzerland.--Zürich.--Nyon.....327

CHAPTER VII.

RUSSIA, DENMARK, AND SCANDINAVIA.

Scandinavian Pottery allied to Teutonic.--Hand-shaped Vessels.--Primitive Kiln.--The Eighteenth Century.--St. Petersburg: Its Porcelain.--Moscow.--Rorstrand.--Marieberg.--Modern Swedish Faience.--Denmark.--Kiel.--Copenhagen.--Imitations of Greek.--Copenhagen Porcelain.....344