Chapter III: Section VIII: Flowers 72

Sec. 1. POSITION AND ARRANGEMENT, INFLORESCENCE 73

Raceme 73
Corymb, Umbel, Spike, Head 74
Spadix, Catkin, or Ament 75
Panicle: Determinate Inflorescence 76
Cyme, Fascicle, Glomerule, Scorpioid or Helicoid Cymes 77
Mixed Inflorescence 78

Sec. 2. PARTS OR ORGANS OF THE FLOWER 79

Floral Envelopes: Perianth, Calyx, Corolla 79
Essential Organs: Stamen, Pistil 80
Torus or Receptacle 81

Sec. 3. PLAN OF THE FLOWER 81

When perfect, complete, regular, or symmetrical 81
Numerical Plan and Alternation of Organs 82
Flowers are altered branches 83

Sec. 4. MODIFICATIONS OF THE TYPE 85

Unisexual or diclinous 85
Incomplete, Irregular, and Unsymmetrical 86
Flowers with Multiplication of Parts 88
Flowers with Union of Parts: Coalescence 88
Regular Forms 89
Irregular Forms 90
Papilionaceous 91
Labiate 92
and Ligulate Corollas 93
Adnation or Consolidation 94
Position of Flower or of its Parts 96

Sec. 5. ARRANGEMENT OF PARTS IN THE BUD 97

AEstivation or Praefloration, its kinds 97

SECTION IX. STAMENS IN PARTICULAR 98

Androecium 98
Insertion, Relation, &c. 99
Anther and Filament. Pollen 101

SECTION X. PISTILS IN PARTICULAR 105

Sec. 1. ANGIOSPERMOUS OR ORDINARY GYNOECIUM 105

Parts of a complete Pistil 105
Carpels, Simple Pistil 106
Compound Pistil with Cells and Axile Placentae 107
One-celled with Free Central Placenta 108
One-celled with Parietal Placentae 108

Sec. 2. GYMNOSPERMOUS GYNOECIUM 109

SECTION XI. OVULES 110

Their Parts, Insertion, and Kinds 111

SECTION XII. MODIFICATIONS OF THE RECEPTACLE 112

Torus, Stipe, Carpophore, Disk 113

SECTION XIII. FERTILIZATION 114

Sec. 1. ADAPTATIONS FOR POLLINATION OF THE STIGMA 114

Close and Cross Fertilization, Anemophilous and Entomophilous 115
Dichogamy and Heterogony 116

Sec. 2. ACTION OF THE POLLEN AND FORMATION OF THE EMBRYO 117

SECTION XIV. THE FRUIT 117

Nature and kinds 118
Berry, Pepo, Pome 119
Drupe and Akene 120
Cremocarp, Caryopsis, Nut 121
Follicle, Legume, Capsule 122
Capsular Dehiscence, Silique and Silicle 123
Pyxis, Strobile or Cone 124

SECTION XV. THE SEED 125

Seed-coats and their appendages 125
The Kernel or Nucleus, Embryo and its parts, Albumen 127