Chapter XII: Regional Geography (3)

The growth of medieval knowledge of Asia is traced in the introduction to Yule, _Cathay and the Way Thither_, 1913–1916, and much important material on this topic may be gleaned from the notes in the third edition of Yule’s _Marco Polo_, 1903, and from Cordier’s _Ser Marco Polo_, 1920. India as depicted on medieval maps is the subject of an interesting treatise by Pullé, _La cartografia antica dell’India_, 1901–1905. Lowes, in _The Dry Sea_, 1905, deals with interesting problems in the geography of Central Asia in the Middle Ages (see also Pelliot, _Chrétiens d’Asie centrale et d’Extrême-Orient_, 1914). On the history of commercial connections between the Near East and Europe during our period, two highly important books are Heyd, _Commerce du Levant_, 1885–1886 (reprinted 1923), and Schaube, _Handelsgeschichte der romanischen Völker des Mittelmeergebiets_, 1906. Dreesbach, _Der Orient in der altfranzösischen Kreuzzugsliteratur_, 1901, is a résumé of notices relating to the Near East as they appear in French literature of the Crusades.

Two scholarly works deal with the widening of Western knowledge of Central Africa in antiquity and during the Middle Ages. These are Simar, _La géographie de l’Afrique centrale_, 1912, and Langenmaier, _Alte Kenntnis ... der Zentralafrikanischen Seenregion_, 1916. Schaube’s _Handelsgeschichte_ and Mas-Latrie, _Traités de paix et de commerce ..., concernant les relations des Chrétiens avec les Arabes de l’Afrique septentrionale_, 1866, are also important for the relations between Europe and North Africa.

Not much has been written in modern times upon the geography of Europe as it was conceived in the period covered by the present book. Hungary as it figures in the _chansons de geste_ is the subject of an article by Karl, _La Hongrie ... dans les chansons de geste_, 1908, and there are other monographs of limited scope, but no general discussion. The progress of geographical knowledge of the North is outlined by Moritz, _Die geographische Kenntnis von den Nord- und Ostseeküsten_, 1904; Weinhold, _Die Polargegenden Europas_, 1871; and especially by Nansen, _In Northern Mists_, 1911. The history of Icelandic geography (both of historical geography and of geographical studies in Iceland) is treated by Thoroddsen, _Geschichte der isländischen Geographie_, 1897. European wanderings in the Atlantic and legends of fabulous islands in that ocean have been made the subject of a large library of books and monographs. We may mention here Westropp, _Brasil and the Legendary Islands of the Atlantic_, 1912, and the recent volume of Babcock, _Legendary Islands of the Atlantic_, 1922.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

This bibliography is intended merely as an aid to those who wish to carry on further studies of the topics covered by this book. It is in no sense complete. The publications listed are for the most part only those to which reference is made in the Notes. Enough, but only enough, additional information is given about each entry to enable the reader to identify it. In the case of original sources the attempt has been made to refer to modern critical editions, and only to manuscripts or early printed editions where modern critical editions are lacking. More complete bibliographical information may be obtained from the publications discussed on pp. 491–493 above.

The arrangement is alphabetical by authors and, in the case of anonymous works, by the first important word in the titles. (Collections of sources are in general placed under the editor’s name.) The names of authors of original sources, or the titles in the case of anonymous original sources or collections of sources, are given in capital letters, the former in Roman, the latter in italic type. The names of authors of modern, secondary studies are set in small letters in Roman type. Different works by the same ancient, Arabic, or medieval author are listed together in the same entry and are indicated by Roman numerals. Different works by the same modern author are listed separately and are arranged chronologically.

Cross-references within the Bibliography are, as in the Notes, given in abbreviated form. The full titles of the works referred to will be found in the Bibliography in their proper places.

For a topical discussion of the bibliography of ancient and medieval geography, see the Bibliographical Note above.

ABDIAS, PSEUDO-. _Abdiae, Babyloniae primi episcopi, ab apostolis
constituti, De historia certaminis apostolici libri X, Julio
Africano interprete._ Paris, 1551, 1560, 1566, etc.

ABELARD, PETER. I. _Expositio in hexaemeron_, in: Migne, _Pat. lat._,
vol. clxxviii, cols. 731–784. II. _Sermones_, in: Migne, _op.
cit._, cols. 379–610. III. _Sic et non_, in: Migne, _op. cit._,
cols. 1329–1610.

ABŪ-L-FIDĀ. _Géographie d’Aboulféda, traduite de l’arabe en français._
Vol. i (Paris, 1848) of this work, by J. T. Reinaud, is a general
introduction to Moslem geography. Vol. ii, pt. 1 (Paris, 1848),
forms the first part of the French translation and is also by J.
T. Reinaud. Vol. ii, pt. 2 (Paris, 1883), contains the second part
of the translation and is by Stanislas Guyard.

ABŪ MAʿSHAR (ALBUMASAR). _The Great Book of the Introduction._ This
was translated into Latin by Hermann the Dalmatian and by John of
Seville. The title of Hermann’s translation reads in the
manuscript _Liber introductorius in astrologiam_ (see Haskins,
_Studies_, 1924, p. 45); editions printed in Venice, 1489, 1495,
1506, bear the title _Introductorium in astronomiam_ (see Duhem,
_Système_, vol. iii, 1915, p. 174, note 6, and Haskins, _loc.
cit._)

ACTS OF THE APOSTLES, APOCRYPHAL. _Acta apostolorum apocrypha_ ...
etc., edited by L. F. C. von Tischendorf, Leipzig, 1851. _Acta
apostolorum apocrypha post Constantinum Tischendorf denuo
ediderunt R. A. Lipsius et [A.] M. Bonnet_, Leipzig, 1891–1903.
Acts of Thomas in vol. ii, pt. 2, of this edition. English
translation by M. R. James, _The Apocryphal New Testament_, Oxford
University Press, 1924.

ADAM OF BREMEN. _Gesta Hammenburgensis_ (or _Hammaburgensis_)
_ecclesiae pontificum_ (also called _Historia ecclesiastica_, or
_Bremensium praesulum historia_), edited by J. M. Lappenberg, in:
_Mon. Germ. hist._, Scriptores, vol. vii, 1846, pp. 280–389, and
in: _Scriptores rerum germ. in usum scholarum_, Hanover, 1876.

See Björnbo, A. A.; Kohlmann, P. W.; Krabbo, _Nordeuropa_, 1909.

ADELARD OF BATH. I. _De eodem et diverso_, edited by Hans Willner, in:
Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters, vol. iv,
pt. I, Münster, 1903. II. _Quaestiones naturales._ There is no
modern edition of the text of this work. An English translation is
found in Gollancz, _Dodi ve-Nechdi_, 1920, pp. 87–161. The
references in the present work are to the chapters as numbered in
the Louvain incunabulum, ap. 1484, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris
(shelf-mark “Rés. R. 900”). In parentheses are given references to
the chapters as numbered in the twelfth-century manuscript,
Bibliothèque Nationale, fonds latin, no. 6415. For further
bibliographical references, see Haskins, _Adelard_, 1911, p. 493;
the same, _Studies_, 1924, p. 26. III. Translation of _Khorazmian
Tables_. In MSS. only. See Haskins, _loc. cit._; KHWĀRIZMĪ, Al-,
II.

Adler, M. N. See BENJAMIN OF TUDELA.

_ADVENTU, DE, PATRIARCHAE INDORUM AD URBEM SUB CALISTO PAPA II._ In:
Zarncke, _Priester Johannes_, Erste Abhandlung, in: Abhandlungen,
vol. vii, 1879, pp. 837–843 (also numbered 11–17).

AETHICUS OF ISTRIA. _Cosmographia Aethici Istrici_, edited by H.
Wuttke, Leipzig, 1854.

AGRIPPA. Map of the world. See Detlefsen, D.; Lessert, C. P. de.

Ainsworth, W. F. See PETACHIA OF RATISBON.

ALAN OF LILLE. I. _De planctu naturae_, in: Migne, _Pat. lat._, vol.
ccx, cols. 430–482. English translation by D. M. Moffat, _The
Complaint of Nature by Alain of Lille_, New York, 1908. II.
_Anticlaudianus_, in: Migne, _op. cit._, cols. 482–576.

Al-BATTĀNĪ, Al-FARGHĀNĪ, and other Arabic names beginning with the
article Al. See under first letter of main part of name.

ALBERTUS MAGNUS (OF BOLLSTADT). _Opera omnia_, edited by Petrus Jammy,
21 vols., Lyons, 1651. Also an edition by Augustus Borgnet, 38
vols., Paris, 1890–1899 (not seen).

For brief discussion of the geographical works, see above p. 406,
note 93.

ALBUMASAR. See ABŪ MAʿSHAR.

_ALEXANDER THE GREAT, ROMANCE OF._ I. _Pseudo-Callisthenes_, edited by
C. Müller and included in a volume with F. Dübner’s edition of
Arrian’s _Anabasis_ and _Indica_, Paris, 1846 (also 1877). II.
Julius Valerius, _Res gesta Alexandri Macedoniae II_, edited by B.
Kübler, Leipzig, 1888. III. _Epitoma Julii Valerii_, edited by J.
Zacher in his _Pseudo-Callisthenes: Forschungen zur Kritik und
Geschichte der ältesten Aufzeichnung der Alexandersage_, Halle,
1867. See _De Julii Valerii epitoma oxoniense_, by G. G. Cillie
(Dissertation, University of Strasburg, 1905). IV. _Epistola ad
Aristotelem de mirabilibus Indiae_, edited by F. Pfister in his:
_Kleine Texte zum Alexanderroman_, Heidelberg, 1910. See also
Thorndike, _Magic_, 1923, vol. i, pp. 555–556, footnote 2. V.
_Historia de praeliis_ of Leo Archipresbyter. See Landgraf, G. VI.
_Iter ad Paradisum_, edited by J. Zacher, Regimonti (Königsberg),
1859 (not seen). VII. The Romance in alexandrines: _Li romans
d’Alixandre par Lambert li Tors et Alexandre de Bernay_, edited by
Heinrich Michelant, in: Bibliothek des Literarischen Vereins in
Stuttgart, vol. xiii, 1846; F. le Court de la Villethassetz and E.
Talbot, _Alexandriade ou chanson de geste d’Alexandre le Grand, de
Lambert le Court et Alexandre de Bernay_, Dinan, Huart, and Paris,
1861.

See Meyer, P. For further references to texts and secondary works
on Oriental versions see Thorndike, _Magic_, 1923, vol. i, pp.
551–552.

ALEXANDER NECKAM. See NECKAM, ALEXANDER.

ALEXANDER III (Pope). See PRESTER JOHN, III.

ALEXANDRE DE BERNAI. See _ALEXANDER THE GREAT, ROMANCE OF_, VII.

_ALEXANDRIADE._ See _ALEXANDER THE GREAT, ROMANCE OF_, VII.

ALFRAGANUS. See FARGHĀNĪ, Al-.

ALFRED THE GREAT. See Geidel, H.

ALFRED OF SARESHEL. I. _De motu cordis._ Extracts were published by C.
S. Barach in: Bibliotheca philosophorum mediae aetatis, vol. ii,
Innsbruck, 1878. II. _Liber de congelatis._ Baeumker, _Alfred von
Sareshel_, 1913, p. 27, note, states that this work was printed
under the title _Avicennae de congelatione et conglutinatione
lapidum_, in: _Theatrum chemicum, praecipuos selectorum auctorum
tractatus de chemiae et lapidis philosophici_ ... etc., vol. iv,
Argentorati (Strasburg), 1659, pp. 883–887 (not seen), and that it
was also printed in: _Gebri, régis Arabum ... summa perfectionis
Magisterii, in sua natura ... denique libri Investigationis
Magisterii et Testamenti eiusdem Gebri ac aurei Trium Verborum
libelli et Avicennae ... mineralium additione castigatissimi_,
“Gedani” (Danzig), 1682, pp. 245–253 (not seen).

See Baeumker, C.

Almagià, Roberto. _La dottrina della marea nell’antichità classica e
nel medio evo_, in: Memorie della Reale Accademia dei Lincei,
Classe di scienze fisiche, matematiche, e naturali, series 5, vol.
v, Rome, 1905, pp. 375–514. (Also printed separately.)

The most authoritative study of the history of theories of the
tides in ancient and medieval times.

ALPETRAGIUS. See BITRŪJĪ, Al-.

ALPHONSI, PETER (PETRUS ANFUSI). _Dialogus cum Judeo._ Bibliothèque
Nationale MSS., fonds latin, no. 10722, fols. 3ff.; also in:
Migne, _Pat. lat._, vol. clvii, cols. 527–706.

Amari, M. _Storia dei Musulmani di Sicilia_, 3 vols., Florence,
1854–1872.

Contains material on Edrisi and earlier Moslem geographers of
Sicily.

AMBROISE. _L’Estoire de la guerre sainte: Histoire en vers de la
troisième croisade_, edited by Gaston Paris, Paris, 1897.

ANAXIMANDER. See Heidel, W. A.

Anderson, R. B. See SNORRI STURLUSON, II.

Andriani, Giuseppe. _La carta dialettologica d’Italia secondo Dante_
in: Atti dell’ VIII Congresso Geografico Italiano, vol. ii,
Florence, 1923, pp. 255–263.

ANFUSI, PETRUS. See ALPHONSI, PETER.

ANONYMOUS. See under initial letter of first important word of title.

_ANTIQUITATES AMERICANAE._ See Rafn, C. C.

ARI FRODHI. _Íslendingabók._ For editions see Hermannsson, _Bibl.
Icelandic Sagas_, 1908, pp. 56–59. English translation in:
Vigfusson and York Powell, _Origines Islandicae_, vol. i, 1905,
pp. 279–306.

ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS. See Heath, T.

ARISTOTLE. _Aristoteles, graece (et latine, interpretibus variis), ex
recensione Imm. Bekkeri, edidit Academia Regia Borussica_, 5
vols., Berlin, 1830–1870. This is the best general edition of the
Greek text of the works of Aristotle and is known as the Berlin
edition. It was reprinted with the title _Aristotelis opera,
graece, ex recensione Imm. Bekkeri, accedunt indices sylburgiani_,
11 vols., Oxford, 1837. There is also the following useful edition
with Latin translations: _Aristotelis opera omnia, graece et
latine, cum indice nominum et rerum absolutissimo_, 5 vols., Paris
(Firmin-Didot), 1848–1886. An English translation is appearing
entitled: _The Works of Aristotle, Translated into English_,
Oxford (Clarendon Press), 1908ff.; in this the _De caelo_
(translated by J. L. Stocks), 1922, _De generatione et
corruptione_ (translated by H. H. Joachim), 1922, the spurious _De
mundo_ (translated by E. S. Forster), 1914, and the
_Meteorologica_ (translated by E. W. Webster), 1923, have
appeared, together with other works of lesser geographical
interest. The best Greek text of the _Meteorology_ is that of F.
H. Fobes, _Aristotelis meteorologicorum libri quattuor_,
Cambridge, Mass., 1919.

See also Duhem, _Du temps_, 1909; Endrös, A.; Fobes, F. H.;
Grabmann, M.; Hammer-Jensen, I.; Jourdain, A.; Jourdain, C. B.,
_Infl. d’Aristote_, 1861; von Lippmann, E. O.; Lones, T. E.;
Mandonnet, P.

ARNOLD OF CHARTRES. _De sex dierum operibus_, in: Migne, _Pat. lat._,
vol. clxxxix, cols. 1513–1570.

ARNOLD OF LÜBECK. _Chronica Slavorum_, edited by J. M. Lappenberg, in:
_Mon. Germ. hist._, Scriptores, vol. xxi, pp. 115–250, and in:
_Scriptores rerum germ. in usum scholarum_, Hanover, 1868.

ARNOLD THE SAXON. Encyclopedic work published in part by Valentin
Rose, _Aristoteles de lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo_, in:
Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum, vol. xviii (new series, vol.
vi), Berlin 1875, pp. 424–454.

See Stange, E.

Asher, A. See BENJAMIN OF TUDELA.

ATHELHARD. See ADELARD OF BATH; KHWĀRIZMĪ, Al-, II.

AUGUSTINE, Saint. Works in Migne, _Pat. lat._, vols. xxxii-xlvii. Also
in part in _Corpus script. eccl. lat._

AVERROËS. See IBN RUSHD.

Avezac, [Armand] d’. _Coup d’oeuil historique sur la projection des
cartes de géographie_, in: Bulletin de la Société de Géographie de
Paris, series 5, vol. v, 1863, pp. 257–361, 438–485. (Also printed
separately, Paris, 1863.)

Still the classical and probably the most satisfactory treatment
of the subject.

AVICENNA (IBN SINĀ). See ALFRED OF SARESHEL, II; IBN SINĀ; and above,
p. 401, note 60.

Babcock, W. H. _Saint Brendan’s Explorations and Islands_, in:
Geographical Review, vol. viii, New York, 1919, pp. 37–46.

Babcock, W. H. _Legendary Islands of the Atlantic_ (American
Geographical Society Research Series, no. 8), New York, 1922.

BACON, ROGER. I. _The Opus majus of Roger Bacon_, edited by J. H.
Bridges, 3 vols., Oxford, 1897–1900. II. _Opus minus_, _Opus
tertium_, _Compendium philosophiae_, edited by J. S. Brewer, in:
_Fr. Rogeri Bacon opera quaedam hactenus inedita_ (Rolls Series,
no. 15), London, 1859. III. _Communia naturalium_, edited by
Robert Steele, in: _Opera hactenus inedita Rogeri Baconi_, fascs.
ii, iii, iv, Oxford, 1905, 1911, 1913. IV. _Secretum secretorum_,
edited by Robert Steele, _op. cit._, fasc. v, Oxford, 1920.

See Bridges, J. H.; Little, A. G.; Steele, R.; Werner, _Kosm.
Roger Baco_, 1879.

Baeumker, Clemens. _Die Stellung des Alfred von Sareshel (Alfredus
Anglicus) und seiner Schrift De motu cordis in der
Wissenschaft des beginnenden XIII. Jahrhunderts_, in:
Koeniglich-bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften,
Sitzungsberichte, Philosophisch-philologische und historische
Klasse, Munich, 1913, Abhandlung 9. (Also published
separately, Munich, 1913.)

Barthold, W. _Die geographische und historische Erforschung des
Orients mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der russischen Arbeiten_
(Quellen und Forschungen zur Erd- und Kulturkunde herausgegeben
von R. Strube, vol. viii), Leipzig, 1913.

Summary of the history of relations between Orient and Occident to
the nineteenth century. Extensive bibliographies.

BARTHOLOMEW ANGLICUS. _De proprietatibus rerum._ There is no modern
edition. Translations of extracts will be found in: Robert Steele,
_Mediaeval Lore_, London, 1907.

BATTĀNĪ, Al-. _Astronomy._ Arabic text with Latin translation and
commentary in C. A. Nallino, _Al-Battānī sive Albatenii opus
astronomicum_, in: Pubblicazioni del Reale Osservatorio di Brera
in Milano, no. xl, pts. 1–3, Milan, 1899–1907.

See PLATO OF TIVOLI.

Baur, L. _Der Einfluss des Robert Grosseteste auf die
wissenschaftliche Richtung des Roger Bacon_, in: Little, _Roger
Bacon Essays_, 1914, pp. 33–54.

Beazley, C. R. _The Dawn of Modern Geography_, 3 vols., London,
1897–1906.

This, the most extensive and satisfactory work on medieval
geography as a whole, covers the period from 300 to 1420 A. D. The
main emphasis is laid upon the history of discovery and
exploration. The study of the geographical science of the latter
part of the Middle Ages is relatively brief (see above, p. 498).

BEDE, The Venerable. I. _De natura rerum_, edited by J. A. Giles, _The
Complete Works of the Venerable Bede (Bedae opera quae supersunt
omnia)_, vol. vi, London, 1843, pp. 99–138. Also in Migne, _Pat.
lat._, vol. xc, cols. 187–278. II. _De temporum ratione_, edited
by Giles, _op. cit._, pp. 139–342. Also in Migne, _op. cit._, vol.
xc, cols. 293–578. III. _Hexaemeron, sive libri quatuor in
principium Genesis_, in: Migne, _op. cit._, vol. xci, cols. 9–190.

See above, p. 387, note 68.

[BENEDICT OF PETERBOROUGH.] I. _Gesta regis Henrici II_; II. _Gesta
regis Ricardi_; both in: _The Chronicle of the Reigns of Henry II
and Richard I, A. D. 1169–1192_, edited by William Stubbs (Rolls
Series, no. 49), 2 vols., London, 1867.

These two works have been erroneously ascribed to Benedict of
Peterborough.

Benini, R. _Origine, sito, forma e dimensioni del Monte del Purgatorio
e dell’Inferno dantesco_, in: Rendiconti della Reale Accademia dei
Lincei, Classe di scienze morali, storiche e filologiche, series
5, vol. xxv, Rome, 1917, pp. 1015–1129.

This important study of the cosmography of Dante came to the
present writer’s attention when this book was in press.

Benisch, A. See PETACHIA OF RATISBON.

BENJAMIN OF TUDELA. _The Itinerary of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela_, text
and English translation by A. Asher, 2 vols., London and Berlin,
1840–1841; _The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela_, critical text,
English translation, and commentary, edited by M. N. Adler,
London, 1907.

See Borchardt, P.; Zunz, —.

Benl, Oskar. _Frühere und spätere Hypothesen über die regelmässige
Anordnung der Erdgebirge nach bestimmten Himmelsrichtungen_
(Dissertation, University of Munich, 1905).

Berger, Hugo. _Geschichte der wissenschaftlichen Erdkunde der
Griechen_, 2nd edit., Leipzig, 1903.

The fundamental work on the geographical science of antiquity.

Berger, Hugo. _Die Lehre von der Kugelgestalt der Erde im Altertum_,
in: Geographische Zeitschrift., vol. xii, Leipzig, 1906, pp.
20–37.

Berger de Xivrey, [J.]. _Traditions tératologiques, ou récits de
l’antiquité et du moyen-âge en Occident sur quelques points de la
fable, du merveilleux et de l’histoire naturelle_, Paris, 1836.

Throws light on the marvels of India.

BERGSSON, NIKULÁS. See NIKULÁS BERGSSON.

BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX, Saint. Works will be found in: Migne, _Pat.
lat._, vols. clxxxii-clxxxv. There are numerous other editions.
See also: _The Life and Works of St. Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux,
Edited by Dom John Mabillon, Translated and Edited with Additional
Notes_ by Samuel J. Eales, 4 vols., London, vols. i and ii, 1889,
vols. iii and iv, 1896. This translation is from the fourth
edition of Mabillon, Paris, 1839.

BERNARD SYLVESTER. _De mundi universitate_, edited by C. S. Barach and
J. Wrobel, in: Bibliotheca philosophorum mediae aetatis, vol. i,
Innsbruck, 1876.

See Hauréau, _Mémoire_, 1883; Langlois, C. V., _Maître Bernard_,
1893; Poole, R. L., _Masters_, 1920.

Bertolini, G. L. _I quattro angoli del mondo e la forma della terra
nel passo di Rabano Mauro_, in: Bollettino della Società
Geografica Italiana, vol. xlvii, Rome, 1910, pp. 1433–1441.

Bertolini, G. L. _L’orologio solare di Aquileia e la sistemazione
della rosa dei venti nel medio evo_, in: Bollettino della Reale
Società Geografica Italiana, vol. liii, Rome, 1916, pp. 969–985.

_BIBLE, THE._ Citations are to the Vulgate; translations, except where
otherwise stated, from the Douai and Rheims version.

Biese, A. _Die Entwicklung des Naturgefühls im Mittelalter und
Neuzeit_, Leipzig, 1892. English translation with title _The
Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and
Modern Times_, London, 1905 (not seen).

Birkenmajer, Alexander. _Eine neue Handschrift des “Liber de naturis
inferiorum et superiorum” des Daniel von Merlai_, in: Archiv für
die Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und Technik, vol. ix,
Leipzig, 1920, pp. 45–51 (not seen).

BITRŪJĪ, Al- (ALPETRAGIUS). _On the Sphere._ This work was translated
into Latin by Michael Scot in 1217 (on manuscripts see Haskins,
_Michael Scot_, 1921–1922, p. 251, note 3; the same, _Studies_,
1924, p. 273, note 9). It was also translated into Latin from the
Hebrew version of Moses ben Samuel ben Tibbon (1259) by the
Neapolitan Jew Calo Calonymos ben David under the title
_Alpetragii Arabi planetarum theorica_ ... etc., Venice, 1528 (not
seen; cited by Duhem, _Système_, vol. ii, 1914, p. 146).

Björnbo, A. A. _Adam af Bremens Nordensopfattelse_, in: Aarböger for
nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie, Copenhagen, 1909 (not seen).

Blázquez y Delgado Aguilera, Antonio. _San Isidoro de Sevilla: Mapa
mundi_, in: Boletín de la Real Sociedad Geográfica, vol. 50,
Madrid, 1908, pp. 207–272, 306–358.

Boffito, Giuseppe. _Intorno alla “Quaestio de aqua et terra”
attribuita a Dante_: Memoria I, _La controversia dell’acqua e
della terra prima e dopo di Dante_, in: Memorie della Reale
Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, series 2, vol. li, Appr.
nell’adunanza del 23 giugno 1901, Turin, 1902, pp. 73–159; Memoria
II, _Il trattato dantesco_, in: _op. cit._, series 2, vol. lii,
Appr. nell’adunanza del giugno 1902, Turin, 1903, pp. 257–342. See
also above, p. 410, note 98.

Boffito, Giuseppe. _La leggenda degli antipodi_, in: _Miscellanea di
studi critici ed. in onore di Arturo Graf_, Bergamo, 1903, pp.
583–601.

Boncompagni, Baldassare. _Delle versione fatte da Platone Tiburtino,
traduttore de secolo duodecimo: Notizie_, Rome, 1851.

Boncompagni, Baldassare. _Della vita e delle opere di Gherardo
Cremonese, traduttore del secolo duodecimo, e di Gherardo da
Sabbionetta, astronomo del secolo decimoterzo: Notizie raccolte
da —_, in: Atti dell’Accademia Pontifica dei Nuovi Lincei, anno
IV, sesione VII del 27 giugno, 1851, Rome, 1851. (Also published
separately.)

Borchardt, Paul. _L’itinéraire de Rabbi Benjamin de Tudèle en Chine_,
in: T’oung Pao, ou archives concernant l’histoire, les langues, la
géographie et l’ethnographie de l’Asie orientale, vol. xxiii,
Leiden, 1924, pp. 31–35.

See above, p. 414, note 156.

BRANDAN (BRENDAN), Saint. _Peregrinatio sancti Brandani abbatis._
Latin text and early German versions edited by Carl Schröder,
_Sanct Brandan: Ein lateinischer und drei deutsche Texte_,
Erlangen, 1871. Latin, Flemish, and French texts in: A. Jubinal,
_La légende latine de Saint Brendaines_, Paris, 1836. Anglo-Norman
text in: H. Suchier, _Brandans Seefahrt (anglonormannischer Text
der Handschrift Cotton, Vesp. B. X._), in: Romanische Studien
herausgegeben von E. Böhmer, vol. i, pt. 5, Strasburg, 1875, pp.
553–588.

See Babcock, W. H.; Goeje, M. J. de.

Brehaut, Ernest. _An Encyclopedist of the Dark Ages: Isidore of
Seville_ (Columbia University Studies in History, Economics, and
Public Law, vol. xlviii, no. 1), New York, 1912.