Chapter XXI: Dianus and Diana (2)

Codrington, Dr. R. H., quoted, i. 227 _sq._, 338

Coligny calendar, i. 17 _n._ 2

Collatinus, L. Tarquinius, ii. 290

Columella, ii. 314;
quoted, 205

Combat, mortal, for the kingdom, ii. 322

Communism, tradition of sexual, ii. 284

Compelling rain-gods to give rain, i. 296 _sqq._

Complexity of social phenomena, i. 332

Comrie, ii. 161

Con or Cun, a thunder-god, ii. 370

Conception in women, supposed cause of, i. 100;
caused by trees, ii. 51, 56 _sq._, 316-318

Concord, temple of, at Rome, i. 11, 21 _n._ 2

Concordia, nurse of St. Hippolytus, i. 21 _n._ 2

Condor, the bird of the thunder-god, ii. 370

Confession of sins, i. 266

Conflicts, sanguinary, as rain-charm, i. 258

Conquerors sometimes leave a nominal kingship to the conquered, ii. 288
_sq._

“Consort, the divine,” ii. 131, 135

Consuls, the first, ii. 290

Consulship at Rome, institution of, ii. 290 _sq._

Contact or contagion in magic, law of, i. 52, 53

Contagious Magic, i. 174-214;
of teeth, 176-182;
of navel-string and afterbirth (placenta), 182-201;
of wound and weapon, 201 _sqq._;
of footprints, 207-212;
of other impressions, 213 _sq._

—— taboos, i. 117

Contest for the kingship at Whitsuntide, ii. 89

Contests for a bride, ii. 305 _sqq._

Continence required in magical ceremonies, i. 88;
required at rain-making ceremonies, 257, 259;
required of parents of twins, 266;
practised in order to make the crops grow, ii. 104 _sqq._
_See also_ Chastity

Conway, Professor R. S., ii. 379 _n._ 5

Conybeare, F. C., i. 407 _n._ 3

Cook, A. B., i. 23 _n._, 40 _n._ 3 and 4, 42 _n._ 1, ii. 172 _n._ 3,
173 _n._ 2, 177 _n._ 6, 178 _n._ 3, 187 _n._ 4, 220 _n._ 3, 290 _n._
3, 307 _n._ 2, 321 _n._ 1, 358 _n._ 4, 379 _n._ 4 and _n._ 5, 380
_n._ 4, 383 _n._ 2

Cooks, Roman, required to be chaste, ii. 115 _sq._, 205

Cora Indians, i. 55 _sq._

Corc, his purification, ii. 116

Corn, defiled persons kept from the, ii. 112;
reaped ear of, displayed at mysteries of Eleusis, 138 _sq._

—— -mother, the, at Eleusis, ii. 139

—— -reaping in Greece, date of, i. 32

Cornel-tree, sacred, ii. 10

Cornish customs on May Day, ii. 52, 67

_Corp chre_, i. 68, 69

Corpus Christi Day, ii. 163

Cos, King of, i. 45

Crab in rain-charm, i. 289

Crannogs, ii. 352

Crannon in Thessaly, i. 309

Crawley, E., i. 201 _n._ 1

Crocodiles, girls sacrificed to, ii. 152

Cronus and Zeus, ii. 323

Crooke, W., i. 406 _n._ 1, ii. 57 _n._ 4, 288 _n._ 1

Cross River, i. 349

Crossbills in magic, i. 81 _sq._

Crown of oak leaves, ii. 175, 176 _sq._, 184

Crowning cattle, ii. 75, 126 _sq._, 339, 341

—— dogs, custom of, i. 14, ii. 125 _sq._, 127 _sq._

Crowns, magical virtue of royal, i. 364 _sq._;
of birch at Whitsuntide, ii. 64;
or wreaths, custom of wearing, 127 _n._ 2

Crows in magic, i. 83

Crystals, magic of, i. 176;
used in rain-making, 254, 255, 304, 345, 346

Cumont, Professor Franz, ii. 310

Cup-and-ball as a charm to hasten the return of the sun, i. 317

Curses, public, i. 45;
supposed beneficial effects of, i. 279 _sqq._

Cursing at sowing, i. 281

—— fishermen and hunters for good luck, i. 280 _sq._

Curtiss, Professor S. I., i. 402

Cuzco, ii. 243

Cybele, ii. 144 _sq._;
and Attis, i. 18, 21, 40, 41

Cyrene, kingship at, i. 47

Daedala, festival of the, ii. 140 _sq._

Dainyal or Sibyl, i. 383

Dalai Lama of Lhasa, i. 411 _sq._

Damaras or Herero, their fire-customs, ii. 211 _sqq._

Damia and Auxesia, i. 39

Danaus, ii. 301

Dance at giving of oracles, i. 379;
of milkmaids on May-day, ii. 52

Dances of women while men are away fighting, i. 131-134;
as means of inspiration, 408 _n._ 1;
round sacred trees, ii. 47, 55;
found the May-pole, 65, 69, 74 _sq._;
on graves, 183 _n._ 2

Dancing as a fertility charm, i. 137 _sqq._, ii. 106

Danes, female descent of the kingship among the, ii. 282 _sq._

Daphnephoria, ii. 63 _n._ 2

Date-month, the, ii. 25

—— -palm, artificial fertilisation of the, ii. 24 _sq._

Dawn, the rosy, i. 334

Day of Stones, i. 279

De Groot, J. J. M., i. 416 _sq._, ii. 14

Dead, hair offered to the, i. 31;
pretence of new birth at return of supposed dead man, 75;
homoeopathic magic of the, 147 _sqq._;
sacrifices to, 163;
making rain by means of the, 284 _sqq._;
trees animated by the souls of the, ii. 29 _sqq._;
the illustrious, represented by masked men, 178;
thunder and lightning made by the, 183;
spirits of the, in wild fig-trees, 317

Death, pretence of, in magic, i. 84;
infection of, 143;
at ebb tide, 167 _sq._;
puppet called, carried out of village, ii. 73 _sq._

Deceiving the spirits of plants and trees, ii. 22 _sqq._

Deir el Bahari, paintings at, ii. 131, 133

Deities duplicated through dialectical differences in their names, ii.
380 _sq._

Dejanira and Achelous, ii. 161 _sq._

Delivery, easy, granted to women by trees, ii. 57 _sq._

Delos, graves of Hyperborean maidens in, i. 28, 33 _sqq._;
Apollo and Artemis at, 28, 32-35

Delphi, Apollo at, i. 28;
new fire sent from, 32 _sq._;
King of, 45 _sq._

Demeter and Zeus, their marriage at Eleusis, ii. 138 _sq._

Demetrius Poliorcetes deified at Athens, i. 390 _sq._

Denmark, Whitsun bride in, ii. 91 _sq._;
the beech-woods of, 351

Dennett, R. E., ii. 277 _n._ 1

_Deòce_, a divine spirit, i. 410

Departmental kings of nature, ii. 1 _sqq._

Derry, the oaks of, ii. 242 _sq._

Devil-dancers, i. 382

Dew on May morning, custom of washing in the, ii. 54, 67, 327, 339;
rolling in the, 333

“Dew-treading” in Holland, ii. 104 _n._ 2

Dhurma Rajah, i. 410

_DI_, Aryan root meaning “bright,” ii. 381

Dia, grove of the goddess, ii. 122

Dialectical differences a cause of the duplication of deities, ii. 382
_sq._

Diana, her sanctuary at Nemi, i. 2 _sqq._;
as huntress at Nemi, 6;
as patroness of cattle, 7, ii. 124;
her priest at Nemi, i. 8 _sqq._;
the Tauric, 10 _sq._, 24;
as goddess of childbirth, 12, ii. 128;
as Vesta at Nemi, i. 13, ii. 380;
in relation to vines, i. 15 _sq._;
the mate of the King of the Wood at Nemi, 40, 41, ii. 380;
as a goddess of fertility, 120 _sqq._;
in relation to animals of the woods, 124, 125 _sqq._;
as the moon, 128;
the goddess of fruits, 128;
as a goddess of the oak at Nemi, 380

—— and Dianus, ii. 376 _sqq._

—— (Jana), a double of Juno, ii. 190 _sq._, 381 _sq._

“Diana’s Mirror,” i. 1

Dianus (Janus), a double of Jupiter, ii. 190 _sq._, 381 _sq._

Diels, Professor H., i. 390 _n._ 2

Dieri, the, i. 90, 177, ii. 29;
rain-making ceremonies of the, i. 255 _sqq._

Dinka or Denka nation, i. 347

Diodorus Siculus, i. 74

Diomede, ii. 278;
at Troezen, i. 27;
sacred grove of, 27

Dione, wife of Zeus at Dodona, ii. 189;
the old consort of Zeus, 381, 382

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, quoted, ii. 202 _sq._

Dionysus, marriage of, to the Queen of Athens, ii. 136 _sq._;
and Ariadne, 138

Discovery of fire, ii. 255 _sqq._

Disease-makers in Tana, i. 341 _sq._

“Divine consort, the,” ii. 131

Divinity of kings, i. 48 _sqq._;
among the Hovas, 397;
among the Malays, 398;
in great historical empires, 415 _sqq._;
growth of the conception of the, ii. 376 _sqq._

—— of the Brahmans, i. 403 _sq._

Division of labour in relation to social progress, i. 420

Diwali, the feast of lamps, ii. 160

Dixon, Dr. W. E., ii. 139 _n._ 1

Djakuns, their mode of making fire, ii. 236

Djuldjul, i. 274

Dodola, the, i. 273

Dodona, oracular spring at, ii. 172;
Zeus at, 177;
Zeus and Dione at, 189;
oracular oak at, 358

Dog, black, sacrificed for rain, i. 291;
used to stop rain, 303

Dogs crowned, i. 14, ii. 125 _sq._, 127 _sq._

Dollar-bird associated with rain, i. 287 _sq._

Domalde, a Swedish king, i. 366 _sq._

Donar or Thunar, the German thunder god, ii. 364

Doors, Janus as a god of, ii. 383 _sq._

Doreh, in New Guinea, i. 125

Dos Santos, J., i. 392

Double-headed fetish among the Bush negroes of Surinam, ii. 385;
Janus, explanation of, ii. 384 _sq._

Dragon, rain-god represented as, i. 297;
or serpent of water, ii. 155 _sqq._;
of Rouen, destroyed by St. Romain, 164 _sqq._;
the Slaying of the, at Furth, 163 _sq._

Dramas, magical, to promote vegetation, ii. 120

Dramatic exhibitions sometimes originate in magical rites, ii. 142;
weddings of gods and goddesses, ii. 121

Draupadi or Krishna, ii. 306

Dreams, modes of counteracting evil, i. 172 _sq._

Drenching people with water as a rain-charm, i. 250, 251, 269 _sq._,
272, 273, 274, 275, 277 _sq._, ii. 77

Dropsy, ancient Greek mode of preventing, i. 78

Drought supposed to be caused by unburied dead, i. 287;
and dearth, chiefs and kings punished for, 352 _sqq._;
supposed to be caused by sexual crime, ii. 110, 111, 113

Drowning as a punishment, ii. 109, 110, 111;
sacrifice by, 364

Druids, oak-worship of the, ii. 9;
of Gaul, their sacrifices of white bulls, 189;
female, 241 _n._ 1;
venerate the oak and the mistletoe, 358, 362;
derivation of the name, 363

Drums, homoeopathic magic at the making of, i. 134 _sq._;
beaten as a charm against a storm, 328

Drynemetum, ii. 363

Du Pratz, ii. 263 _n._ 1

Dudulé, the, i. 274

Duplication of deities an effect of dialectical differences, ii. 382
_sq._

Durostorum, martyrdom of St. Dasius at, ii. 310 _n._ 1

Dwarf tribes of Central Africa, ii. 255

Dyaks of Borneo, the, i. 73, 127, ii. 13;
the Sea, 127

Ea, the inventor of magic, i. 240

Eagle hunters, taboos observed by, i. 116;
charms employed by, 149 _sq._

—— -wood, telepathy in search for, i. 120

Eagles, sacred, ii. 11

Earth and Sun, marriage of the, ii. 98 _sq._, 148

—— goddess, pregnant cows sacrificed to, ii. 229

Earthquakes supposed to be caused by incest, ii. 111

Ebb tide, death at, i. 167 _sq._

Eclipse, ceremonies at an, i. 311 _sq._

Economic progress a condition of intellectual progress, i. 218

Egeria, water nymph at Nemi, i. 17-19, 41, ii. 171 _sq._;
an oak-nymph, 172;
a double of Diana, 380;
and Numa, i. 18, ii. 172 _sqq._, 193, 380

Egerius Baebius or Laevius, i. 22

Eggs collected at spring ceremonies, ii. 65, 78, 81, 84, 85;
or egg-shells, painted, in spring ceremonies, 63, 65;
in purificatory rite, 109

Egypt, magical images in ancient, i. 66, 67 _sq._;
magicians in ancient, 225;
confusion of magic and religion in ancient, 230 _sq._;
kings of, deified in their lifetime, 418 _sqq._;
the Queen of, married to the god Ammon, ii. 131 _sq._;
king of, masquerading as Ammon, 133

Egyptian kings and queens, their begetting and birth depicted on the
monuments, ii. 131 _sqq._

—— worship of sacred beasts, i. 29 _sq._

Egyptians, the ancient, worshipped men and animals, i. 389 _sq._;
sycamores worshipped by the ancient, ii. 15

_Eiresione_, ii. 48

Elder-tree, ii. 43

Elective and hereditary monarchy, combination of the two, ii. 292
_sqq._

Electric lights on mast-heads, spears, etc., i. 49 _sq._

Elephant-hunters, telepathy of, i. 123

Eleusis, mysteries of, ii. 138 _sq._

Elipandus of Toledo, i. 407

Elizabeth, Queen, i. 368

_Emblica officinalis_, a sacred tree, ii. 51

Emin Pasha, ii. 297 _n._ 7

Empedocles, his claim to divinity, i. 390

Emus, ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 85 _sq._

Endymion, ii. 299

Ephesian Artemis, ii. 128

Ephesus, Artemis of, i. 37 _sq._;
nominal kings at, 47;
the Essenes or King Bees at, ii. 135 _sq._

Epicurus, sacrifices offered to, i. 105

Erechtheum, the, ii. 199

Erechtheus and Erichthonius, ii. 199

Erhard, Professor A., ii. 310 _n._ 1

Erichthonius, i. 21;
and Erechtheus, ii. 199

Eruptions of volcanoes supposed to be caused by incest, ii. 111

Esquiline hill at Rome, ii. 185

Esquimaux, i. 70, 113, 121, 316, 327

Essenes or King Bees at Ephesus, i. 47 _n._ 2, ii. 135 _sq._

Esthonian folk-tale of a tree-elf, ii. 71 _sqq._;
marriage custom, 234

Esthonians, St. George’s Day among the, ii. 330 _sqq._;
their thunder-god Taara, 367

Etruscans, female kinship among the, ii. 286 _sq._

Eudanemi, the, at Athens, i. 325 _n._ 1

Europe, contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210 _sq._;
confusion of magic and religion in modern, 231-233;
forests of ancient, ii. 7 _sq._;
relics of tree-worship in modern, 59 _sqq._;
diffusion of the oak in, 349 _sqq._

—— South-Eastern, rain-making ceremonies in, i. 272 _sqq._

Euros, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 89

Evelyn, John, i. 369

Evergreen oak, the Golden Bough grew on, ii. 379

—— trees in Italy, i. 8

Evolution of kings out of magicians or medicine-men, i. 420 _sq._;
industrial, from uniformity to diversity of function, 421;
political, from democracy to despotism, 421

Exaggerations of anthropological theories, i. 333

Exogamy, ii. 271

Expiation for adultery or fornication, ii. 107 _sq._;
for incest, 115, 116

External soul in afterbirth or navel-string, i. 200 _sq._

Extinction of fires at king’s death, ii. 261 _sqq._, 267;
in houses after any death, 267 _sq._

Ezekiel, i. 87 _n._ 1

Falerii, Juno at, ii. 190 _n._ 2

Falstaff, death of, i. 168

Families, royal, kings chosen from several, ii. 292 _sqq._

Fan tribe, i. 349

Farnell, Dr. L. R., i. 36, ii. 379 _n._ 5

Fasting obligatory, i. 124, 131

Father Jove and Mother Vesta, ii. 227 _sqq._

Fattest men chosen kings, ii. 297

February, first of, St. Bride’s day, i. 94 _sq._

Fehrle, E., ii. 199 _n._ 5

Female descent of the kingship in Rome, ii. 270 _sqq._;
in Africa, 274 _sqq._;
in Greece, 277 _sq._;
in Scandinavia, 279 _sq._;
in Lydia, 281 _sq._;
among Danes and Saxons, 282 _sq._

—— kinship in descent of the Roman kingship, ii. 271;
indifference to paternity of kings under female kinship, 274 _sqq._;
at Athens, 277;
indifference to paternity in general under, 282;
among the Aryans, 283 _sqq._
_See also_ Mother-kin

Female slaves, licence accorded to them on the _Nonae Caprotinae_, ii.
313 _sq._

Feng and Wiglet, ii. 281, 283

Fennel, fire carried in giant, ii. 260

Fertilisation, artificial, of the date palm, ii. 24 _sq._;
of the fig-tree, 314 _sq._

—— of women by the wild fig-tree, ii. 316;
by the wild banana-tree, 318

Fertilising virtue attributed to trees, ii. 49 _sqq._, 316 _sqq._

Fertility, Diana as a goddess of, ii. 120 _sqq._;
the thunder-god conceived as a deity of fertility, 368 _sqq._

_Fictores Vestalium, fictores Pontificum_, ii. 204

_Ficus Ruminalis_, ii. 318

_Fierte_ or shrine of St. Romain, ii. 167, 168, 170 _n._ 1

Fig, as an article of diet, ii. 315 _sq._

Fig-tree of Romulus (_ficus Ruminalis_), ii. 10, 318

—— artificial fertilisation (_caprificatio_) of the, ii. 314 _sq._

—— sacred, ii. 44, 99, 249, 250

—— the wild, a male, ii. 314 _sq._;
supposed to fertilise women, 316 _sq._;
haunted by spirits of the dead, 317

Fiji, catching the sun in, i. 316

Fijians, gods of the, i. 389

Finnish-Ugrian peoples, sacred groves of the, ii. 10 _sq._

Finnish wizards and witches, i. 325

Fire in the worship of Diana, i. 12 _sq._;
supposed to be subject to Catholic priests, 231;
used to stop rain, 252 _sq._;
as a charm to rekindle the sun, 311, 313;
of Vesta at Rome fed with oak wood, ii. 186;
birth from the, 195 _sqq._;
the king’s, 195 _sqq._;
impregnation of women by, 195 _sqq._, 230 _sqq._, 234;
taken from sacred hearth to found a new village, 216;
on the hearth, souls of ancestors in the, 232;
reasons for attributing a procreative virtue to, 233 _sq._;
made jointly by man and woman or boy and girl, 235 _sqq._;
custom of extinguishing fire and rekindling it by the friction of
wood, 237 _sq._;
need-fire made by married men, 238;
holy, not to be blown upon with the breath, 240, 241;
tribes reported to be ignorant of the art of kindling, 253 _sqq._;
discovery of, by mankind, 255 _sqq._;
carried about by savages, 257 _sqq._;
kept burning in houses of chiefs and kings, 260 _sqq._;
carried before king or chief, 263 _sq._;
a symbol of life, 265;
leaping over a, 327, 329

Fire and Water, Kings of, ii. 3 _sqq._

—— -bearer, the, i. 33

—— -boards, sacred, of the Chuckchees and Koryaks, ii. 225 _sq._

—— customs of the Herero or Damaras, ii. 211 _sqq._;
compared to those of the Romans, ii. 227 _sqq._

—— -drill, the, ii. 207 _sqq._, 248 _sqq._, 258 _sq._, 263;
the kindling of fire by it regarded by savages as a form of sexual
intercourse, 208 _sqq._, 218, 233, 235 _sq._, 239, 249 _sq._;
of the Herero, 217 _sq._

—— -god married to a human virgin, ii. 195 _sqq._

—— kindled by the friction of wood, ii. 207 _sqq._, 235 _sqq._, 243,
248 _sqq._, 258 _sq._, 262, 263, 336, 366, 372;
from ancestral tree, 221, 233 _sq._;
by natural causes, 256;
by lightning, 263

—— “living,” ii. 237;
a charm against witchcraft, 336

—— “new,” ii. 237;
sent from Delos and Delphi, i. 32 _sq._;
made at beginning of king’s reign, ii. 262, 267;
made at Midsummer, 243

—— -priests (_Agnihotris_) of the Brahmans, ii. 247 _sqq._

—— -sticks of fire-drill regarded as male and female, ii. 208 _sqq._,
235, 238, 239, 248 _sqq._

—— -worship a form of ancestor-worship, ii. 221

Fires ceremonially extinguished, i. 33;
kept up for sake of absent persons, 120 _sq._, 128, 129;
extinguished at death of kings, ii. 261 _sqq._, 267;
at any death, 267 _sq._;
ceremonial, kindled by the friction of oak-wood, 372

—— perpetual, of Vesta, i. 13 _sq._;
in Ireland, ii. 240 _sqq._;
in Peru and Mexico, 243 _sqq._;
origin of, 253 _sqq._;
associated with royal dignity, 261 _sqq._;
of oak-wood, 365, 366

First-fruits, dedication of, i. 32

Fish, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 90;
in rain-charm, 288 _sq._

Fishermen, Shetland, i. 69

—— and hunters cursed for good luck, i. 280 _sq._

Fishing and hunting, homoeopathic magic in, i. 108 _sqq._;
telepathy in, 120 _sqq._

Fison, Rev. Lorimer, i. 316, 331 _n._ 2, 378, 389 _n._ 3, ii. 13 _n._ 1

Fladda’s chapel, i. 322

_Flamen_, derivation of the name, ii. 235, 247

—— Dialis, the, ii. 179, 235, 246, 247, 248;
an embodiment of Jupiter, 191 _sq._

Flaminica, the, ii. 191, 235

Flax, charms to make flax grow tall, i. 138 _sq._, ii. 86, 164

Flight of the king (_Regifugium_) at Rome, ii. 308 _sqq._, 311 _n._ 4;
of sacrificer after the sacrifice, 309;
of the People at Rome, 319 _n._ 1

Flint implements supposed to be thunderbolts, ii. 374

Floquet, A., ii. 168, 169

Flowers, divination from, ii. 345

Food, homoeopathic magic for the supply of, i. 85 _sqq._

Foods tabooed, i. 117 _sqq._

Footprints, contagious magic of, i. 207-212

“Forced fire” or need-fire, ii. 238

Foreigners marry princesses and receive the kingdom with them, ii. 270
_sqq._

Foreskins removed at circumcision, uses of, i. 92 _sq._, 95;
used in rain-making, 256 _sq._

Forests of ancient Europe, ii. 7 _sq._

Fortuna and Servius Tullius, ii. 193 _n._ 1, 272

Forum at Rome, prehistoric cemetery in the, ii. 186, 202

Foucart, P., ii. 139 _n._ 1

Fowler, W. Warde, ii. 311 _n._ 4, 319 _n._ 1, 327 _n._ 2, 329 _n._ 6,
383 _n._ 3

Fox in magic, i. 151

_Fratres Arvales_, ii. 122

Free Spirit, Brethren of the, i. 408

French peasants ascribe magical powers to priests, i. 231-233

Frey, the god of fertility and his human wife, ii. 143 _sq._;
his image and festival at Upsala, 364 _sq._

Friction of wood, fire kindled by, ii. 207 _sqq._, 235 _sqq._, 243, 248
_sqq._, 258 _sq._, 262, 263, 336, 366, 372

Frog, magic of, i. 151;
worshipped, 294 _sq._;
love-charm made from the bone of a, ii. 345

—— flayer, the, ii. 86

Frogs in relation to rain, i. 292 _sqq._

Froth from a mill-wheel as a charm against witches, ii. 340

Fruit-trees fertilised by women, i. 140 _sq._

Fruits blessed on day of Assumption of the Virgin, i. 14 _sqq._;
Artemis and Diana as patronesses of, 15 _sq._

Fuegians, the, ii. 258

Fumigating flocks and herds as a charm against witchcraft, ii. 327,
330, 335, 336, 339, 343

Furth in Bavaria, the Slaying of the Dragon at, ii. 163 _sqq._

Furtwängler, A., i. 309 _n._ 6

Futuna, i. 388

_Fylgia_ or guardian spirit in Iceland, i. 200

Galatians, their Celtic language, ii. 126 _n._ 2

Galelareesc, the, i. 110, 113, 131, 143, 145, ii. 22

Gallas, kings of the, i. 48;
sacred trees of the, ii. 34

Garcilasso de la Vega, ii. 244 _n._ 1

Gardiner, Professor J. Stanley, ii. 154

_Gargouille_ or dragon destroyed by St. Romain, ii. 167

Garlands on May Day, ii. 60 _sqq._, 90 _sq._

Gaul, the Druids of, ii. 189

Gauri, harvest-goddess, ii. 77 _sq._

Gayos, the, ii. 125

Gennep, A. van, ii. 385 _n._ 1

Geomancy in China, i. 170

George, Green, ii. 75, 76, 79

Germans, worship of women among the ancient, i. 391;
tree-worship among the ancient, ii. 8 _sq._;
evidence of mother-kin among the, 285;
worship of the oak among the ancient, 363 _sq._

_Gerontocracy_ in Australia, i. 335

Gervasius of Tilbury, i. 301

Getae, the, i. 392

Ghosts in Melanesia, supposed powers of, i. 338 _sq._

Gilyaks, the, i. 122, ii. 38

Girl annually sacrificed to cedar-tree, ii. 17

Girls married to nets, ii. 147;
sacrificed to crocodiles, 152

Glory, the Hand of, i. 149

Glover, T. R., ii. 231 _n._ 6

Goat, blood of, drunk as means of inspiration, i. 382, 383

God, Bride of, i. 276;
savage ideas of, different from those of civilised men, 375 _sq._

“God-boxes,” i. 378

Gods viewed as magicians, i. 240 _sqq._, 375;
sacrifice themselves by fire, 315 _n._ 1;
conception of, slowly evolved, 373 _sq._;
incarnate human, 373 _sqq._;
gods and men, no sharp line of distinction between, in Fiji, 389;
and goddesses, dramatic weddings of, ii. 121;
the marriage of the, 129 _sqq._;
married to women, 129 _sqq._, 143 _sq._, 146 _sq._, 149 _sqq._

Gold in magic, i. 80 _sq._

Golden Bough plucked by Aeneas, i. 11, ii. 379;
the breaking of it not a piece of bravado, i. 123 _sq._;
grew on an evergreen oak, ii. 379

Golden lamb of Mycenae, i. 365

“Golden summer,” the, i. 32

Gonds, their belief in reincarnation, i. 104 _sq._

Gongs beaten in a storm, i. 328 _sq._;
at Dodona, ii. 358

Government of old men in aboriginal Australia, i. 334 _sq._

Grafting, superstitious ceremony at, ii. 100

Granger, Professor F., i. 42 _n._ 1

_Grasausläuten_, ii. 344

Grass King, the, ii. 85 _sq._

—— seed, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 87 _sq._;
continence at magical ceremony for growth of, ii. 105

Graveclothes, homoeopathic magic of, in China, i. 168 _sq._

Graves, rain-charms at, i. 268, 286, 291;
trees planted on graves, ii. 31;
dances on, 183 _n._ 2;
of Hyperborean maidens at Delos, i. 28, 33 _sqq._

Great Sun, the, title of chief, ii. 262, 263

Greece, priestly kings in, i. 44 _sqq._;
kings and chiefs sacred or divine in ancient, 366;
human gods in ancient, 390 _sq._;
forests of, ii. 8;
female descent of kingship in ancient, 278 _sq._

Greek kings called Zeus, ii. 177, 361

Greeks, the modern, rain-making ceremonies among, i. 272 _sq._;
and Romans, rain-charms among the ancient, 309 _sq._

Green boughs a charm against witches, ii. 52-55, 127, 342 _sq._

—— George, ii. 75, 76, 79, 343

—— Thursday, ii. 333

Greenwich-hill, custom of rolling down, ii. 103

Gregory of Tours, ii. 144

Grimm, J., ii. 8, 362 _n._ 6, 364

Grizzly bears supposed to be related to human twins, i. 264 _sq._

Groves, sacred, ii. 10 _sq._, 44;
Arician, i. 20, 22, ii. 115;
in Chios, i. 45;
in ancient Greece and Rome, ii. 121 _sqq._

Grunau, Simon, ii. 366 _n._ 2

Guanches of Teneriffe, i. 303

Guardian spirit associated with caul, i. 199 _sq._

Guaycurus, the, i. 330

Gunkel, H., i. 101 _n._ 2

Gunnar Helming, ii. 144

Gunputty, elephant-headed god, human incarnation of, i. 405 _sq._

Gyges, ii. 281, 282

Gypsies, Green George among the, ii. 75 _sq._

Gypsy ceremonies for stopping rain, i. 295 _sq._

Hack-thorn sacred, ii. 48

Haddon, Dr. A. C., i. 262

Hahn, Dr. C. H., ii. 213 _n._ 2

Haida Indians, i. 70, 133

Hair offered to gods and goddesses, heroes and heroines, i. 28 _sq._;
offered to the dead, 31, 102;
offered to rivers, 31;
clippings of, used in magic, 57, 64, 65, 66;
charms to make hair grow, 83, 145, 153 _sq._, 154;
loose as a charm, 136;
human, used in rain-making, 251 _sq._;
long, a symbol of royalty, ii. 180

Hakea flowers, ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 86

Hakim Singh, i. 409

Halford in Warwickshire, May Day customs at, ii. 88 _sq._

Hamlet, ii. 281, 291

Hammer worshipped, i. 317 _sq._

Hammurabi, code of, ii. 130

Hand of Glory, i. 149

Hardy, Thomas, i. 136

Hares as witches, i. 212, ii. 53

Harran, the heathen of, i. 383, ii. 25, 100 _n._ 2

Harris, J. Rendel, i. 15 _n._ 1, 21 _n._ 2

Harrison, Miss J. E., ii. 137 _n._ 1, 139 _n._ 1

Hartland, E. S., i. 52 _n._ 1, ii. 156 _n._ 2

Harvest in Greece, date of, i. 32

—— May, the, ii. 47 _sq._

Hatshopsitou, birth of Queen, ii. 131 _sqq._

Hawaii, insignia of royal family of, i. 388 _n._ 3

Hawthorn on May Day, ii. 52, 60;
a protection against witches, 55, 127

Head-hunters, rules observed by people at home in absence of, i. 129

Headmen of totem clans in Central Australia, i. 335

Heads, custom of moulding heads artificially, ii. 297 _sq._

Hearn, Dr. W. E., ii. 283 _n._ 5

Hearth, the king’s, at Rome, ii. 195, 200, 206;
sacred, of the Herero, 213, 214;
the sacred, seat of the ancestral spirits, 221;
custom of leading a bride round the, 230, 231;
new-born children brought to the, 232

Hearts of men and animals offered to the sun, i. 315

Heaven, vault of, imitated in rain-charm, i. 261, 262

Heavenly Master, the, i. 413

Hebrew prohibition of images, i. 87 _n._ 1

—— prophets, their ethical religion, i. 223

Hebrews, their notion of the blighting effect of sexual crime, ii. 114
_sq._

Hegel on magic and religion, i. 235 _n._ 1, 423 _sqq._

Hehn, V., on evergreens in Italy, i. 8 _n._ 4

_Heimskringla_, ii. 280

Heine, H., _Pilgrimage to Kevlaar_, i. 77

Hekaerge and Hekaergos, i. 33, 34, 35

_Helaga_, taboo, ii. 106 _n._ 2

Helbig, W., i. 20 _n._ 5

Helernus, grove of, ii. 190 _sq._

Hellebore, curses at cutting black, i. 281

Hemlock as an anaphrodisiac, ii. 138, 139 _n._ 1

Hemp, charms to make hemp grow tall, i. 137 _sq._

Heno, the thunder-spirit of the Iroquois, ii. 369 _sq._

Hera and Hercules, i. 74

Hercules, sacrifice to, i. 281

—— and Achelous, ii. 162

—— and Hera, i. 74

—— and Omphale, ii. 281

Hercynian forest, the, ii. 7, 354;
etymology of the name, 354 _n._ 2

Hereditary and elective monarchy, combination of the two, ii. 292
_sqq._

Herero or Damaras, their fire-customs, ii. 211 _sqq._

Hermutrude, legendary queen of Scotland, ii. 281

Herodotus, i. 49, 331

Hersilia, a Sabine goddess, ii. 193 _n._ 1

Heyne, C. G., ii. 329 _n._ 1

Hidatsa Indians, ii. 12

Hierapolis, i. 29

Hierophant at Eleusis temporarily deprived of his virility, ii. 138

Highlands of Scotland, St. Bride’s day in, ii. 94

Hindoo Koosh, sacred cedar of the, i. 383;
the Kafirs of the, 385

—— Trinity, i. 225

Hindoos, magical images among the, i. 63 _sqq._

Hippoclides and Clisthenes, ii. 307 _sq._

Hippocrates, sacrifices offered to, i. 105

Hippodamia and Pelops, ii. 279, 299 _sq._

Hippolytus in relation to Virbius at Nemi, i. 19 _sq._;
offerings of hair to, 28

—— and Artemis, i. 19 _sq._, 24 _sqq._

—— Saint, martyrdom of, i. 21

Hirn, Y., i. 52 _n._ 1, 54 _n._ 1

Hirt, Professor H., ii. 367 _n._ 3

Hobby Horse at Padstow, ii. 68

Hobley, C. W., ii. 316

Hog’s blood, purifying virtue of, i. 107

Holed stone in magic, i. 313

Holland, Whitsuntide customs in, ii. 104

Holy Basil, ii. 26

Homoeopathic taboos, i. 116;
magic for the making of rain, 247 _sqq._
_See also_ Magic

Hopi Indians, the, ii. 208 _sq._

Horse, sacred, i. 364;
sacrificed at Rome in October, ii. 229, 326

Horses excluded from Arician grove, i. 20;
dedicated by Hippolytus to Aesculapius, 21 _n._ 2, 27;
branded with mark of wolf, 27;
in relation to Diomede, 27;
sacrifice of white, 27;
sacrificed to the sun, 315 _sq._;
sacrificed to trees, ii. 16;
sanctity of white, 174 _n._ 2;
sacrifices for, on St. George’s Day, 332, 336 _sq._

Horus, the golden, i. 418

Hos, the, of Togoland, i. 396 _sq._, ii. 19, 370

Hot water drunk as a charm, i. 129

House-timber, homoeopathic magic of, i. 146

Housebreakers, charms employed by, to cause sleep, i. 148 _sq._

Hovas, divinity of kings among the, i. 397

Howitt, A. W., i. 176, 207, 208

Hubert and Mauss, Messrs., i. 111 _n._ 2

Huichol Indians, i. 71, 123

Human gods, i. 373 _sqq._

—— victims sacrificed to water-spirits, ii. 157 _sqq._

Humboldt, A. von, i. 416

Hunters employ contagious magic of footprints, i. 211 _sq._

Huntin, a tree-god, ii. 15

Hunting and fishing, homoeopathic magic in, i. 108 _sqq._;
telepathy in, 120 _sqq._

“Hurling” for a bride, ii. 305 _sq._

Hurons, the, ii. 147;
reincarnation among the, i. 105;
their mode of counteracting an evil dream, 172 _sq._

Husbands, spiritual, ii. 316 _sq._

Hut-urns of ancient Latins, ii. 201 _sq._

Huts, round, of the ancient Latins, ii. 200 _sqq._;
in Africa, 227 _n._ 3

Huzuls, the, i. 113, 137;
their precautions against witches, ii. 336

Hymettus, ii. 360

Hyperborean maidens at Delos, i. 33

Ibn Batutah, ii. 153

Icarius, ii. 300

Iceland, superstitions as to the caul in, i. 199 _sqq._

Iddah, king of, i. 396

Igaras, succession to the kingship among the, ii. 294

Illicit love supposed to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. 107 _sqq._

Images, Hebrew prohibition of, i. 87 _n._ 1

—— magical, to injure people, i. 55 _sqq._;
to procure offspring, 70-74;
to win love, 77

Impressions, bodily, contagious magic of, i. 213 _sq._

Incarnate human gods, i. 373 _sqq._

Incarnation of gods in human form temporary or permanent, i. 376;
examples of temporary incarnation, 376 _sqq._;
examples of permanent incarnation, 386 _sqq._;
mystery of, 396 _n._ 5

Incas, the children of the Sun, i. 415

Incense, fumes of, inhaled to produce inspiration, i. 379, 384

—— -gatherers, chastity of, ii. 106 _sq._

Incest, blighting effects attributed to, ii. 108, 110 _sq._, 113, 115
_sqq._;
of domestic animals abhorred by the Basoga, 112 _sq._;
of animals employed as a rain-charm, 113

India, ancient, confusion of magic and religion in, i. 228 _sq._;
magical power of kings in, 366;
incarnate human gods in, 376, 402 _sqq._

Indifference to paternity of kings under female kinship, ii. 274 _sqq._

Indra, thunderbolt of, i. 269

Industrial evolution from uniformity to diversity of function, i. 421

Infidelity of wife disastrous to absent husband, i. 123, 131

Influence of the sexes on vegetation, ii. 97 _sqq._

Initiatory ceremonies of Central Australian aborigines, i. 92 _sqq._

—— rites of Australian aborigines, suggested explanation of, i. 106.

Inquisition, the, i. 407, 408

Insects, homoeopathic magic of, i. 152

Inspiration, i. 376 _sqq._;
by incense, 379;
by blood, 381 _sqq._;
by sacred plant or tree, 383 _sqq._;
of victims, 384 _sqq._

Inspired or religious type of man-god, i. 244

—— priests and priestesses, i. 377 _sqq._

Intellectual progress dependent on economic progress, i. 218

Intercourse of the sexes practised to make the crops and fruits grow,
ii. 98 _sqq._

_Intichiuma_, magical totemic ceremonies in Central Australia, i. 85

Invulnerability, charm to produce, i. 146 _sq._

Ireland, perpetual fires in, ii. 240 _sqq._

—— sacred oak groves in ancient, 242 _sq._

Irish kings, magical virtues attributed to, i. 367

Irle, J., ii. 223 _n._ 2

Iron, homoeopathic magic of, i. 159 _sq._

Iroquois, the, ii. 12;
their thunder-god, 369 _sq._

Isle of Man, St. Bridget in the, ii. 94 _sq._

—— of May, ii. 161

Ivy chewed by Bachanals, i. 384;
in fire-making, ii. 251 _sq._

Jack-in-the-Green, ii. 82

Jana, another form of Diana, ii. 381, 382, 383

_Jangam_, priest of the Lingayats, i. 404

Janiculum hill, the, ii. 186

_Janua_, derived from Janus, ii. 384

Janus, as a god of doors, ii. 383 _sq._;
explanation of the two-headed, 384 _sq._

—— and Carna, ii. 190

—— (Dianus) and Diana, doubles of Jupiter and Juno, ii. 190 _sq._, 381
_sq._

Jaundice treated by homoeopathic magic, i. 79 _sqq._

Java, ceremonies to procure offspring in, i. 73;
ceremonies for preventing rain in, 270 _sq._

Jerome of Prague, i. 317

Jevons, F. B., i. 105, 225 _n._

Jewitt, J. R., i. 264

Jinnee of the sea, virgins married to, ii. 153 _sq._

Job’s protest, ii. 114

Johnson, Dr. S., i. 368, 370

Johnston, Sir H. H., ii. 227 _n._ 3

Jordan, H., ii. 321 _n._ 3

Joubert, quoted, i. 223 _n._ 2

Jove (Father) and Mother Vesta, ii. 227 _sqq._

Jubainville, H. d’Arbois de, ii. 362 _n._ 6

Judah, idolatrous kings of, i. 315

Jukagirs, the, i. 122

Julian, the Emperor, ii. 7

Julii, the, ii. 179, 192

Julus, the Little Jupiter, ii. 179, 197

July the 7th, the _Nonae Caprotinae_, a Roman festival, ii. 313 _sqq._

June, the first of, a Roman festival, ii. 190

Juno on the Capitol, ii. 184;
at Falerii, 190 _n._ 2;
a duplicate of Diana, 381 _sq._

—— Caprotina, ii. 313, 317

—— Moneta, ii. 189

Jupiter, costume of, ii. 174 _sq._;
the Roman kings in the character of, 174 _sqq._;
Capitoline, 176;
the Little, 179, 192;
Latian, 187, 379;
as god of the oak, the thunder, the rain, and the sky, 358, 361
_sq._;
as sky-god, 374;
a duplicate of Janus (Dianus), 381 _sq._

—— and Juno, doubles of Janus and Diana, ii. 190 _sq._;
sacred marriage of, 190

—— Dianus, ii. 382

—— Elicius, ii. 183

—— Indiges, ii. 181

Jupiters, many local, in Latium, ii. 184

Juturna, a nymph, ii. 382

Kachins of Burma, the, ii. 237

Kafirs of the Hindoo Koosh, i. 133 _sq._, 385

Kaitish tribe of Central Australia, i. 87

Kali, the goddess, i. 383

Kamilaroi, the, i. 101

Kangaroos, ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 87 _sq._

Kara-Kirghiz, ii. 57

Karens of Burma, i. 209;
their custom in regard to fornication and adultery, ii. 107 _sq._

Karo-Bataks, the, of Sumatra, i. 277

_Kausika Sutra_, i. 209, 229

Kayans or Bahaus of Borneo, i. 328, ii. 109

Kei Islands, i. 126, 131, 145

Kenyahs of Borneo, i. 59, ii. 385

Keremet, a god of the Wotyaks, ii. 145 _sq._

Kevlaar, Virgin Mary of, i. 77

“Key-race,” ii. 304

Keys, the golden, ii. 333

Khasis of Assam, succession to the kingdom among the, ii. 294 _sq._

Khnoumou, the god, ii. 132

Kidd, Dudley, i. 49 _n._ 3, 350, ii. 211, 224 _n._ 4

Kildare, fire and nuns of St. Brigit at, ii. 240 _sq._

Kimbugwe, high official in Uganda, i. 196

King, J. E., i. 105 _n._ 4

King gives oracles, i. 377;
the Grass, ii. 85 _sq._;
the Leaf, 85;
the Roman, as Jupiter, 174 _sqq._

—— and Queen at Athens, i. 44 _sq._

—— of Sacred Rites at Rome, i. 44, ii. 201;
his flight, 309

—— of the Saturnalia, ii. 311

—— of the Wood at Nemi, i. 1 _sqq._, ii. 1;
a mate of Diana, i. 40, 41, ii. 380;
a personification of the oak-god Jupiter, 378 _sqq._
_See also_ Priest of Nemi

—— Bees (Essenes) at Ephesus, ii. 135 _sq._

Kingdom, mortal combat for the, ii. 322;
in ancient Latium, succession to, 266 _sqq._

Kings, priestly, i. 44 _sqq._;
titular or sacred, in Greece, 44 _sqq._;
Teutonic, 47;
magicians as, 332 _sqq._;
as rain-makers in Africa, 348, 350 _sqq._;
punished for drought and dearth, 353 _sqq._;
among the Aryans, magical powers attributed to, 366 _sqq._;
divinity of, in great historical empires, 415 _sqq._;
of nature, ii. 1 _sqq._;
of rain, 2;
Roman, as deities in a Sacred Marriage, 172 _sq._, 192, 193 _sq._;
Greek, called Zeus, 177, 361;
expected to make thunder, 180 _sq._;
the Latin, thought to be the sons of the fire-god by mortal mothers,
195 _sqq._;
perpetual fire in houses of, 261 _sq._;
Roman, as personifications of Jupiter, 266 _sq._;
paternity of, a matter of indifference under female kinship, 274
_sqq._;
sometimes of a different race from their subjects, 288 _sq._;
chosen from several royal families in rotation, 292 _sqq._;
fat, 297;
handsomest men, 297;
long-headed, 297;
sacred or divine, development of, 376 _sqq._
_See also_ Latin _and_ Roman

Kings’ Evil (scrofula), touching for the, i. 368 _sqq._

—— fire, the, ii. 195 _sqq._

—— Race, the, ii. 84

—— sisters, licence accorded to, ii. 274 _sqq._

Kingship, annual, in ancient Greece, i. 46

—— contest for the, at Whitsuntide, ii. 89

—— descent of the, in the female line, at Rome, ii. 270 _sqq._;
in Africa, 274 _sqq._;
in Greece, 277 _sq._;
in Scandinavia, 279 _sq._;
in Lydia, 281 _sq._;
among the Danes and Saxons, 282 _sq._

—— evolution of the sacred, i. 420 _sq._

—— nominal, left by conquerors to indigenous race, ii. 288 _sq._

—— Roman, abolition of the, ii. 289 _sqq._

—— the old Roman, a religious office, ii. 289

Kingsley, Miss Mary H., i. 411 _n._ 1

Kintu, ii. 261

Kirghiz, “Love Chase” among the, ii. 301

Knocking out of teeth as initiatory ceremony in Australia, i. 97 _sqq._

Knots, tying up the wind in, i. 326

Kolkodoons, the, i. 93

Kondhs, their belief in reincarnation, i. 104

Koniags, the, i. 121

Koryaks, sacred fire-boards of the, ii. 225;
race for a bride among the, 302

Krishna, i. 406;
marriage of, to the Holy Basil, ii. 26

Kunama, the, ii. 3

Kvasir, i. 241

Kwakiutl Indians, their superstitions as to twins, i. 263

Lac, taboos observed in gathering, i. 115

Lacueva, Father, ii. 205 _n._

Ladder to facilitate the descent of the sun, ii. 99

_Laetare_ Sunday, ii. 63

_Laibon_, i. 343

Lake-dwellings of prehistoric Europe, ii. 352 _sq._

Lakes, gods of lakes married to women, ii. 150 _sq._

Lakshmi, wife of Vishnu, ii. 26

Lamas, transmigrations of the Grand, i. 410 _sqq._

Lamb of Mycenae, the golden, i. 365

Lamb, blood of, as means of inspiration, i. 381

Lambing, time of, ii. 328 _n._ 4

Lamps, dedication of burning, i. 12 _sq._

Lane, E. W., ii. 209 _n._ 4

Language, special, for kings and persons of blood royal, i. 401

_Lapis manalis_ at Rome, i. 310

Larch-tree, sacred, ii. 20

Lares, the, ii. 206

Latin confederacy, the, in relation to sacred Arician grove, i. 22
_sq._

—— kings thought to be the sons of the fire-god by mortal mothers, ii.
195 _sqq._;
lists of, 268 _sqq._;
stories of their miraculous birth, 272

Latinus, changed into Latian Jupiter, ii. 187;
his wife a Vestal, 235

Latium, many local Jupiters in, ii. 184;
in antiquity, the woods of, 188;
succession to the kingdom in ancient, 266 _sqq._

Latuka, rain-makers among the, i. 346, 354

Laurel chewed as means of inspiration, i. 384;
in fire-making, ii. 251 _sq._

Lavinium, worship of Vesta at, i. 14

Lazy Man, the, ii. 83

Leaf-clad mummers, ii. 74 _sqq._, 78 _sqq._;
mock marriage of, ii. 97

Leaf King, the, ii. 85

—— Man, the Little, ii. 80 _sq._

Leafy bust at Nemi, portrait of the King of the Wood, i. 41 _sq._

Leaping over a fire, ii. 327, 329

—— and dancing to make the crops grow high, i. 137 _sqq._

Lemnos, new fire brought to, i. 32

Lengua Indians, i. 313, 330, 359

Lent, fourth Sunday in, ii. 73, 87

Lerons of Borneo, i. 59

Leschiy, a woodland spirit, ii. 124 _sq._

Leto, ii. 58

Lévi, Professor Sylvain, i. 228

Lhasa, i. 411 _sq._

Licence accorded to slaves at the Saturnalia, ii. 312;
to female slaves at the _Nonae Caprotinae_, 313 _sq._

Lightning, charm against, i. 82;
imitation of, 248, 303;
thought to be the father of twins, 266;
wood of tree that has been struck by, 319;
fire kindled by, ii. 263;
African deities of, 370;
supposed to be produced by means of flints, 374;
Zeus, i. 33, ii. 361

Lime-trees sacred, ii. 366, 367

Lindus in Rhodes, i. 281

Lingayats, the, i. 404

Lithuanians, the heathen, i. 317, ii. 46;
tree-worship among the, 9;
sacrifice to Pergrubius, 347;
the thunder-god Perkunas of the, 365 _sqq._;
their reverence for oaks, 366, 371

Little Jupiter, the, ii. 179, 192

—— Leaf Man, ii. 80 _sq._

“Living fire,” ii. 237;
as a charm against witchcraft, 336

Lo Bengula, i. 351, 352, 394

Loango, king of, revered as a god, i. 396;
fights all rivals for his crown, ii. 322

—— licence of princesses in, ii. 276 _sq._

_Lobo_, spirit-house, ii. 39

Local totem centres, i. 96

Locrians, the Epizephyrian, ii. 284 _sq._

“Longevity garments,” i. 169

Long-headed men chosen kings, ii. 297

Loon, the bird, associated with rain, i. 288

Lord of the Wood, ii. 36;
of Misrule, 319 _n._ 1

—— and Lady of the May, ii. 90 _sq._

Loucheux, the, i. 356

Love, cure for, i. 161;
illicit, thought to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. 107 _sqq._

Love-charms practised on St. George’s Day, ii. 345 _sq._

“Love Chase” among the Kirghiz, ii. 301

Lovers of goddesses, their unhappy ends, i. 39 _sq._

Low, Sir Hugh, ii. 30, 31

_Lubare_, god, i. 395

Lucian on hair offerings, i. 28

Lucius, E., i. 13 _n._ 1

Luxor, paintings at, ii. 131, 133

Lyall, Sir A. C., i. 224 _n._ 1

Lycaeus, Mount, ii. 359

Lycurgus, king of Thrace, i. 366

Lydia, female descent of kingship in, ii. 281 _sq._

Mabuiag, i. 59, 263, 323

Macdonald, Rev. J., i. 110, ii. 210 _sq._

“Macdonald’s disease, the,” i. 370 _n._ 3

MacGregor, Sir William, i. 337

“Macleod’s Fairy Banner,” i. 368

Macrobius, ii. 385 _n._ 2

Madagascar, King of, i. 47 _sq._;
foods tabooed in, 117 _sq._;
custom of women in Madagascar while men are at war, 131;
modes of counteracting evil omens in, 173 _sq._

Madness, cure of, i. 161

Maeander, the river, supposed to take the virginity of brides, ii. 162

Magian priests, ii. 241 _n._ 4

Magic, principles of, i. 52 _sqq._;
negative, 111 _sqq._;
public and private, 214 _sq._;
benefits conferred by, 218 _sq._;
its analogy to science, 220 _sq._;
attraction of, 221;
fatal flaw of, 221 _sq._;
based on a misapplication of the association of ideas, 221 _sq._;
opposed in principle to religion, 224;
older than religion, 233 _sqq._;
universality of belief in, 234-236;
transition from magic to religion, 237 _sqq._, ii. 376 _sq._;
the fallacy of, not easy to detect, i. 242 _sq._

Magic, Contagious, i. 52-54, 174-214;
of teeth, 176-182;
of navel-string and afterbirth (placenta), 182-201;
ofwound and weapon, 201 _sqq._;
of foot-prints, 207-212;
of other impressions, 213 _sq._

—— Homoeopathic or Imitative, i. 52 _sqq._;
in medicine, 78 _sqq._;
for the supply of food, 85 _sqq._;
in fishing and hunting, 108 _sqq._;
to make plants grow, 136 _sqq._;
of the dead, 147 _sqq._;
of animals, 150 _sqq._;
of inanimate things, 157 _sqq._;
to annul evil omens, 170-174;
for the making of rain, 247 _sqq._

—— Sympathetic, i. 51 _sqq._;
the two branches of, 54;
examples of, 55 _sqq._

—— and religion, i. 220-243, 250, 285, 286, 347, 352;
confused together, 226 _sqq._;
their historical antagonism comparatively late, 226;
Hegel on, 423 _sqq._

Magical control of rain, i. 247 _sqq._;
of the sun, 311 _sqq._;
of the wind, 319 _sqq._

—— dramas to promote vegetation, ii. 120

—— origin of certain religious dramas, ii. 142 _sq._

—— type of man-god, i. 244

Magician, public, his rise to power, i. 215 _sqq._

Magician’s progress, the, i. 214 _sqq._, 335 _sqq._

Magicians claim to compel the gods, i. 225;
gods viewed as, 240 _sqq._;
importance of rise of professional magicians, 245 _sqq._;
as kings, 332 _sqq._;
develop into kings, 420 _sq._
_See also_ Medicine-men

_Mahabharata_, the, ii. 306

Maharajas, a Hindoo sect, i. 406, ii. 160

Maidu Indians, i. 122, 357

_Maillotins_, ii. 63

Maimonides, i. 140, ii. 100 _n._ 2

Maize, continence at sowing, ii. 105

Makalakas, the, i. 394

Makatisses, the, i. 71

Makrizi, i. 252, ii. 151 _n._ 2

Malay charms, i. 57 _sq._

—— magic, i. 110 _sq._, 114 _sq._, 127

—— Peninsula, the wild tribes of the, i. 360

—— region, divinity of kings in, i. 398

Malays, their superstitious veneration for their rajahs, i. 361;
regalia among the, 362

Maldive Islands, ii. 153, 154

Malecki (Maeletius, Menecius), J., ii. 366 _n._ 2

Man, E. H., ii. 253

“Man, the True,” i. 413

—— -god, the two types of, i. 244 _sq._;
notion of a man-god belongs to early period of religious history, 374
_sq._

_Mana_, supernatural or magical power in Melanesia, i. 111 _n._ 2, 227,
228 _n._ 1, 339

Mangaia, i. 378

_Mania_, a bogey, i. 22

Manii at Aricia, i. 22

Manius Egerius, i. 22

Manna, ceremony for the magical multiplication of, i. 88 _sq._

Mannhardt, W., i. 140 _n._ 6, ii. 47, 78 _sq._, 84, 87

_Mantras_, sacred texts, i. 403 _sq._

_Manu, the Laws of_, i. 366, 402

Maoris, the, i. 71;
magic of navel-string and afterbirth among the, 182 _sq._;
their belief as to fertilising virtue of trees, ii. 56

Maraves, the, i. 393, ii. 31

Marcellus of Bordeaux, i. 84

Marduk, chief Babylonian god, as a magician, i. 240 _sq._;
his wives, ii. 130

Marett, R. R., i. 111 _n._ 2

Marigolds, magic of, i. 211

Marquesas or Washington Islands, human gods in the, i. 386 _sq._

Marriage to trees, i. 40 _sq._, ii. 57;
of trees to each other, 24 _sqq._;
mock, of leaf-clad mummers, 97;
the Sacred, 121 _sqq._;
of the gods, 129 _sqq._;
bath before, 162

Marsh-marigolds, a protection against witches, ii. 54;
on May Day, 63

Martius, C. F. Phil. von, i. 359

Martyrdom of St. Hippolytus, i. 21

Masai, power of medicine-men among the, i. 343 _sq._

Mashona, the, i. 393

Maskers, representing the dead, ii. 178

Maspéro, Sir Gaston, i. 230, ii. 133 _sq._

“Mass of the Holy Spirit,” i. 231 _sq._

Mass of Saint Sécaire, i. 232 _sq._

Master, the Heavenly, i. 413

—— of Sorrows, i. 280

Matabeles, king of the, i. 48;
as rain-maker, 351 _sq._

—— magical effigies among the, i. 63

Maternal uncle preferred to father, mark of mother-kin, ii. 285

Maurer, K., ii. 280 _n._ 1

Mauss and Hubert, Messrs., i. 111 _n._ 2

May Bride, the, ii. 95, 96

May bridegroom, ii. 91, 93

—— -bush, ii. 84, 85, 89, 90, 142

—— Day, celebration of, ii. 59 _sqq._;
licence of, 67, 103 _sq._

—— Fools, ii. 91

—— garlands, ii. 60 _sqq._, 90 _sq._

—— King, ii. 85 _sq._

—— Lady, the, ii. 62

—— -poles, ii. 59, 65 _sqq._

—— Queen, ii. 84, 87 _sq._

—— Rose, the Little, ii. 74

—— -trees, ii. 59 _sq._, 64, 68 _sq._;
or may-poles, fertilising virtue of, 52

Mayos or Mayes, ii. 80

Medicine-men (magicians, sorcerers), power of, among African tribes, i.
342 _sqq._;
power of, among the American Indians, 355 _sqq._;
progressive differentiation of, 420 _sq._;
develop into kings, 420 _sq._;
the oldest professional class, 420.
_See also_ Magicians

Melampus and Iphiclus, i. 158

Melanesia, homoeopathic magic of stones in, i. 164;
supernatural power of chiefs in, 338 _sqq._

Merker, Captain M., i. 343

Merlin, i. 306

Messiah, pretended, i. 409

Metsik, a forest spirit, ii. 55

Mexican kings, their oath, i. 356

Mexicans, human sacrifices of the ancient, i. 314 _sq._

Micah, quoted, i. 223

Mice and rats, teeth of, in magic, i. 178 _sqq._

Midsummer, new fire made at, ii. 242;
festival of, 272 _sq._

—— bonfires, ii. 65, 141

—— Bride, ii. 92

—— customs, ii. 127;
in Sweden, ii. 65

—— Eve, a witching time, ii. 127

Mikado, the, an incarnation of the sun goddess, i. 417

Miklucho-Maclay, Baron von, ii. 253 _sq._

Milk, witches steal milk on Walpurgis Night or May Day, ii. 52 _sqq._;
witches steal milk on Midsummer Eve, 127;
witches steal milk on Eve of St. George, 334 sqq;
not given away on St. George’s Eve, 339

—— -pails wreathed with flowers, ii. 338, 339

—— -stones, i. 165

Milkmen of the Todas sacred or divine, i. 402 _sq._

Milton on chastity, ii. 118 _n._ 1

Minangkabauers of Sumatra, i. 58, 140

Miris of Assam, the, ii. 39

Mirror or burning-glass, fire made by means of, ii. 243, 245 _n._

Mistletoe venerated by the Druids, ii. 358, 362

Moab, Arabs of, i. 276

Mock sun, i. 314

Moffat, Dr. R., i. 351

Mohammed, on the fig, ii. 316

Mommsen, Th., i. 23 _n._ 3, ii. 174 _n._ 1, 175 _n._ 1, 296

Monarchy in ancient Greece and Rome, tradition of its abolition, i. 46;
rise of, 216 _sqq._;
essential to emergence of mankind from savagery, 217;
hereditary and elective, combination of the two, ii. 292 _sqq._

Money, old Italian, i. 23

Montanus, the Phrygian, i. 407

Montezuma, i. 416

Moon, singing to the, i. 125;
charm to hasten the, 319;
in relation to child-birth, ii. 128;
woman chosen to represent the, 146

_Morbus regius_, jaundice, i. 371 _n._ 4

Morgan, Professor M. H., ii. 207 _n._ 1

“Mother of Kings,” ii. 277

—— of the Gods, i. 21

—— of the Rain, i. 276

Mother-kin, ii. 271;
in succession to Roman kingship, 271;
among the Aryans, 283 _sqq._;
superiority of maternal uncle to father under mother-kin, 285.
_See also_ Female Kinship

Mother’s brother preferred to father, mark of mother-kin, ii. 285

Motu, the, i. 317, ii. 106

Motumotu, the, i. 317, 327, 337;
or Toaripi, the, in New Guinea, 125

Moulton, Professor J. H., ii. 182 _n._ 2, 189 _n._ 3, 247 _n._ 5

Moxos Indians, i. 123

Muata Jamwo, the, ii. 262

Mukasa, god of the Baganda, ii. 150

Müller, Max, i. 333 _sq._

_Mulongo_, “twin,” name applied by the Baganda to the navel-string, i.
195, 196

Mummers dressed in leaves, branches, and flowers, ii. 74 _sqq._, 78
_sqq._

Mundaris, the, ii. 39, 46

Mundas, the, ii. 57

Munro, Dr. R., ii. 352

Mura-muras, i. 255 _sq._

Mycenae, golden lamb of, i. 365

Mysteries of Eleusis, ii. 138 _sq._

Mytilene, kings at, i. 45

_Nabataeans, Agriculture of the_, ii. 100

Nabu, marriage of the god, ii. 130

_Nahak_, rubbish used in magic, i. 341

Nails knocked into trees, ii. 36, 42;
a charm against witchcraft, 339 _sq._

—— pegs, or pins knocked into images, i. 61, 64, 65, 68, 69

Nails, parings of, used in magic, i. 57, 64, 65, 66

Names of kings changed to procure rain, i. 355

Nandi, power of medicine-men among the, i. 344

_Nanja_ spots or local totem centres, i. 96, 97

_Nat_, spirit, ii. 46

Natchez, the, i. 249;
their perpetual fires, ii. 262 _sq._

“Nativity of the sun’s walking-stick,” i. 312

Navarre, rain-making in, i. 307 _sq._

Navel-string, contagious magic of, i. 182-201;
regarded as brother or sister of child, 186, 189;
called the “twin,” 195;
seat of external soul, 200 _sq._

Navel-strings hung on trees, ii. 56

Negative magic or taboo, i. 111 _sqq._

Nemi, the lake of, i. 1 _sqq._;
sanctuary of Diana at, 2 _sqq._;
the priest of, 8 _sqq._, 40, 41, ii. 376, 386, 387

Neoptolemus, ii. 278

Nerthus, procession of, ii. 144 _n._ 1

Nets, marriage of girls to, ii. 147

New birth, simulation of, i. 380 _sq._

—— -born children brought to the hearth, ii. 232

—— Caledonia, i. 78;
homoeopathic magic of stones in, 162 _sqq._

—— Caledonians, the, i. 312, 313, 314

—— fire, ii. 237;
made at Midsummer, 243;
made at beginning of a king’s reign, 262, 267

—— Guinea, influence of magicians in, i. 337 _sq._

—— Year festival, i. 251

_Ngai_, god, ii. 44, 150

Nias, i. 109, 143

Nicholson, General, worshipped, i. 404

Niebuhr, B. G., ii. 269

Nightingale in magic, i. 154

Nile, the Upper, rain-makers on the, i. 345 _sqq._;
the bride of the, ii. 151

Nine animals sacrificed daily at a festival, ii. 365

—— years’ festival at Upsala, ii. 364 _sq._

Noah’s ark, i. 334

_Nonae Caprotinae_, ii. 314

Nootkas, superstitions as to twins among the, i. 263 _sq._

Norse trinities, ii. 364

Noses bored, i. 94

Numa, his birthday, ii. 273;
a priestly king, 289

—— and Egeria, i. 18, ii. 172 _sq._, 193, 380

Numa’s birthday, ii. 325, 348;
“Numa’s crockery,” ii. 202

Numbering the herds on St. George’s Day, ii. 338

Numicius, the river, ii. 181

Nuns of St. Brigit, ii. 240 _sq._

Nurin, i. 275, 276

Nusku, Babylonian fire-god, i. 67

Nyanza, Lake, god of, i. 395

Oak, its diffusion in Europe, ii. 349 _sqq._;
worship of the, 349 _sqq._;
oracular, at Dodona, 358;
worshipped in modern Europe, 370 _sqq._

—— and thunder, the Aryan god of the, ii. 356 _sqq._;
sky, rain, and thunder, god of the, 349 _sq._

—— evergreen, in making fire, ii. 251;
the Golden Bough grew on an, 379

—— branch in rain charm, i. 309

—— -god married to the oak-goddess, ii. 142;
and oak-goddess, marriage of, 189;
how he became a god of lightning, thunder, and rain, 372 _sqq._

—— groves in ancient Ireland, ii. 242 _sq._

—— leaves, crown of, ii. 175, 176 _sq._, 184

—— -nymphs at Rome, ii. 172, 185

—— -tree guarded by the King of the Wood at Nemi, i. 42

—— -trees, sacrifices to, ii. 366