Chapter XXI: Dianus and Diana (3)

—— -wood, Vesta’s fire at Rome fed with, ii. 186;
perpetual fire of, 365, 366;
ceremonial fires kindled by the friction of, 372

—— -woods on the site of ancient Rome, ii. 184 _sqq._

—— -worship of the Druids, ii. 9

Oaken image dressed as a bride, ii. 140 _sq._

Oaks at Troezen, i. 26;
of Ireland, ii. 363;
sacred among the old Prussians, 43

Oaths on stones, i. 160 _sq._

Ocrisia, ii. 195

Octopus in magic, i. 156

Odin as a magician, i. 241 _sq._;
the Norse god of war, ii. 364

Oedipus, ii. 115

Oenomaus, ii. 300

Oesel, island of, i. 329

Offspring, charms to procure, i. 70 _sqq._

Ojebways, magical images among the, i. 55

Olaf, King, i. 367

Old men, government by, in aboriginal Australia, i. 334 _sq._

Oldenberg, Professor H., i. 225 _n._, 228, 235 _n._ 1, 269, 270

Olives planted and gathered by pure boys and virgins, ii. 107

Olympia, races for the kingdom at, ii. 299 _sq._

Omahas, the, i. 249, 320

Omens, homoeopathic magic to annul evil omens, i. 170-174

Omphale and Hercules, ii. 281

_Omumborombonga_ (_Combretum primigenum_), the sacred tree of the
Herero, ii. 213 _sq._, 218, 219 _sq._, 233

_Omuwapu_ tree (_Grevia spec._), ii. 219

Opprobrious language levelled at goddess to please her, i. 280

Oracles given by king, i. 377

Oraons, marriage of Sun and Earth among the, ii. 148;
spring festival of the, 76 _sq._

Oracular spring at Dodona, ii. 172

Ordeal of battle among the Umbrians, ii. 321

Orestes at Nemi, i. 10 _sq._, 21 _n._ 2, 24;
at Troezen, 26;
cured of his madness, 161

Orgies, sexual, as fertility charms, ii. 98 _sqq._

Orontes, the river, ii. 160

Osiris threatened by magicians, i. 225

Ostyaks, tree-worship among the, ii. 11

Ovambo, the, i. 63, 209, ii. 46

Ovid, ii. 176, 177, 191;
on Nemi, i. 4, 17

Pacific, human gods in the, i. 386 _sqq._

Padstow, custom of the Hobby Horse at, ii. 68

_Pages_, medicine-men, i. 358

Paint-house, the, ii. 111

Paintings, prehistoric, of animals in caves, i. 87 _n._ 1

Pais, E., i. 23 _n._

Pales, ii. 326, 327, 328, 329, 348

Pallades, female consorts of Ammon, ii. 135

Palladius, ii. 314

Pallene, daughter of Sithon, ii. 307

Palm-tree, ceremony of tapping it for wine, ii. 100 _sq._
_See also_ Date-palm

Panamara in Caria, i. 29

Paparuda, i. 273

Parasitic plants, superstitions as to, ii. 250, 251 _sq._

Parilia, the, ii. 123, 229, 273;
a shepherds’ festival, 325 _sqq._

Parjanya, the ancient Hindoo god of thunder and rain, i. 270, ii. 368
_sq._

Parkinson, R., i. 175

Parricide, Roman punishment of, ii. 110 _n._ 2

Parsees, the, ii. 241

_Partheniai_, i. 36 _n._ 2

_Parthenos_ as applied to Artemis, i. 36

Parthian monarchs brothers of the Sun, i. 417 _sq._

Partridge, C., ii. 394 _n._ 2

Patara, Apollo at, ii. 135

Paternity, uncertainty of, a ground for a theological distinction, ii.
135;
of kings a matter of indifference under female kinship, 274 _sqq._,
282

Patriarchal family at Rome, ii. 283

Paulicians, the, i. 407

Payaguas, the, i. 330

Payne, E. J., i. 415 _n._ 2

Pear-tree as protector of cattle, ii. 55

Peat-bogs of Europe, ii. 350 _sqq._

_Peking Gazette_, i. 355

Peleus, ii. 278

Pelew Islands, human gods in, i. 389

Pelopidae, the, ii. 279

Pelops, ii. 279

—— and Hippodamia, ii. 299 _sq._

Penates, the, ii. 205 _sq._

Pennefather River in Queensland, i. 99, 100

Peoples said to be ignorant of the art of kindling fire, ii. 253 _sqq._

Peperuga, i. 274

Pepys, S., i. 369, ii. 52, 333

Pergrubius, a Lithuanian god of the spring, ii. 347 _sq._

Periphas, king of Athens, ii. 177

Perkunas or Perkuns, the Lithuanian god of thunder and lightning, ii.
365 _sqq._;
derivation of his name, 367 _n._ 3

Perperia, i. 273

Perpetual fires, origin of, ii. 253 _sqq._;
associated with royal dignity, ii. 261 _sqq._

Perseus and Andromeda, ii. 163

Peru, Indians of, i. 265, ii. 146;
the Incas of, 243 _sq._

Perun, the thunder-god of the Slavs, ii. 365

Peruvian Indians, i. 56

—— Vestals, ii. 243 _sqq._

Pessinus, i. 47

Peter of Dusburg, ii. 366 _n._ 2

Phaedra and Hippolytus, i. 25

Pheneus, lake of, ii. 8

Phigalia, i. 31

Philostratus, i. 167

Phosphorescence of the sea, superstitions as to the, ii. 154 _sq._

Picts, female descent of kingship among the, ii. 280 _sq._, 286

Piers, Sir Henry, ii. 59

Pig, blood of, drunk as a means of inspiration, i. 382;
in purificatory rites, ii. 107, 108, 109;
expiatory sacrifice of, 122

Pigeon used in a love-charm, ii. 345 _sq._

Pile-villages in the valley of the Po, ii. 8;
of Europe, 352 _sq._

Pipal-tree (_ficus religiosa_), ii. 43

Pipiles, the, of Central America, ii. 98

Pity of rain-gods, appeal to, i. 302 _sq._

Placenta (afterbirth) and navel-string, contagious magic of, i. 182-201

Plantain-trees, navel-strings of Baganda buried at foot of, i. 195

Plants, homoeopathic magic to make plants grow, i. 136 _sqq._;
influenced homoeopathically by a person’s act or state, 139 _sqq._;
influence persons homoeopathically, 144 _sqq._;
sexes of, ii. 24;
marriage of, 26 _sqq._

Plataea, festival of the Daedala at, ii. 140 _sq._

Plato, i. 45, 104

Plebeians, the Roman kings, ii. 289

Pleiades, rising of the, i. 32

Pliny the Elder, i. 49;
on sacredness of woods, ii. 123;
the Younger, i. 6

Ploughing by women as a rain-charm, i. 282 _sq._

Plover in connexion with rain, i. 259, 261

Plutarch, i. 28, 80, ii. 172, 196, 320 _n._ 3, 325 _n._ 3;
on Numa and Egeria, i. 18

Pole-star, homoeopathic magic of the, i. 166

Political evolution from democracy to despotism, i. 421

Polybius, ii. 354

Polydorus, ii. 31

Poplar, the white, at Olympia, a substitute for the oak, ii. 220

Porphyry, i. 390, ii. 12

Porta Capena at Rome, i. 18

_Porta Querquetulana_, ii. 185 _n._ 3

Poso in Celebes, i. 379, ii. 29

Potrimpo, old Prussian god, ii. 248

Pottery, primitive, employed in Roman ritual, ii. 202 _sqq._;
superstitions as to the making of, 204 _sq._

_Pramantha_, ii. 249

Prayers for rain, ii. 359, 362;
to Thunder, 367 _sq._;
to an oak, 372

Precautions against witches, ii. 52 _sqq._

Precious stones, homoeopathic magic of, i. 164 _sq._

Pregnancy, ceremony in seventh month of, i. 72 _sq._

Pregnant cows sacrificed to the Earth goddess, ii. 229;
victims sacrificed to ensure fertility, i. 141;
women employed to fertilise crops and fruit-trees, i. 140 _sq._

Pretenders to divinity among Christians, i. 407 _sqq._

Priest drenched with water as a rain-charm, ii. 77;
rolled on fields as fertility charm, 103;
of Diana at Nemi, i. 8 _sqq._

—— of Nemi, i. 8 _sqq._, 40, 41, ii. 376, 386, 387.
_See also_ King of the Wood

Priestesses, inspired, i. 379 _sq._, 381 _sq._

Priestly kings, i. 44 _sqq._

Priests, magical powers attributed to priests by French peasants, i.
231-233;
inspired, 377 _sqq._

Princesses married to foreigners or men of low birth, ii. 274 _sqq._

Private magic, i. 214 _sq._

Procopius, ii. 365

Procreative virtue attributed to fire, ii. 233

Proculus Julius, ii. 182

Progress, intellectual, dependent on economic progress, i. 218;
social, 421

Promathion’s _History of Italy_, ii. 196, 197

Prometheus, ii. 260

Prophetic powers conferred by certain springs, ii. 172

Prophets, the Hebrew, their ethical religion, i. 223

Propitiation essential to religion, i. 222

Prostitution before marriage, practice of, ii. 282, 285, 287

Prothero, G. W., ii. 71 _n._ 1

Provence, magical powers attributed to priests in, i. 232

Prpats, i. 274

_Prunus Padus_, L., ii. 344

Prussians, the old, their worship of trees, ii. 43

Prytaneum, fire in the, ii. 260

Psylli, the, i. 331

Public magic, i. 215

Purification by fire, ii. 327, 329

Purificatory rites for sexual crimes, ii. 107 _sqq._, 115, 116

Pururavas and Urvasi, ii. 250

Pythagoras, maxims of, i. 211, 213 _sq._

Pythaists at Athens, i. 33

Python, sacred, ii. 150

Quack, the, ii. 81

Quartz-crystals used in rain-making, i. 254, 255, 304

Queen of Egypt married to the god Ammon, ii. 131 _sqq._;
of Athens married to Dionysus, 136 _sq._;
of May, ii. 84, 87 _sq._;
Charlotte Islands, i. 70;
sister in Uganda, licence accorded to the ii. 275 _sq._

Queensland, rain-making in, i. 254 _sq._

_Querquetulani_, Men of the Oak, ii. 188

Quirinal hill, the, ii. 182, 185

Quirinus, ii. 182, 185, 193 _n._ 1

Quiteve, the, i. 392

Quivering of the body in a rain-charm, i. 260, 361

Ra, the Egyptian sun-god, i. 418, 419

Race, the King’s, ii. 84;
succession to kingdom determined by a, 299 _sqq._;
for a bride, 301 _sqq._

Races at Whitsuntide, ii. 69, 84

Raccoons in rain-charm, i. 288

Rain, extraction of teeth in connexion with, i. 98 _sq._;
the magical control of, 247 _sqq._;
made by homoeopathic or imitative magic, 247 _sqq._;
Mother of the, 276;
supposed to fall only as a result of magic, 353;
excessive, supposed to be an effect of sexual crime, ii. 108, 113;
Zeus as the god of, 359 _sq._

Rain-bird, i. 287

“Rain-bush,” ii. 46

—— -charm by ploughing, i. 282 _sq._

—— Country, i. 259

—— -doctor, i. 271

—— -god as dragon, i. 297

—— -gods compelled to give rain by threats and violence, i. 296 _sqq._;
appeal to the pity of the, 302 _sq._

Rain King, i. 275, ii. 2

—— -maker among the Arunta, costume of the, i. 260;
assimilates himself to water, 269 _sqq._

—— makers, their importance in savage communities, i. 247;
in Africa, their rise to political power, 342 _sqq._, 352;
on the Upper Nile, 345 _sqq._;
unsuccessful, punished or killed, 345, 352 _sqq._

—— -making by means of the dead, i. 284 _sqq._;
by means of animals, 287 _sqq._;
by means of stones, 304 _sqq._

“Rain-stick,” i. 254

“Rain-stones,” i. 254, 305, 345, 346

—— -temple, i. 250

—— totem, i. 258

Rainbow in rain-charm, picture of, i. 258

Rajahs among the Malays, supernatural powers attributed to, i. 361

Ramsay, Sir W. M., i. 36 _n._ 2

Rats and mice, teeth of, in magic, i. 178 _sqq._

Raven in wind-charm, i. 320

Raven’s eggs in magic, i. 154

Ray, S. H., ii. 208 _n._ 3

Red colour in magic, i. 79, 81, 83

—— Karens of Burma, ii. 69

—— woollen threads, a charm against witchcraft, ii. 336

Reddening the faces of gods, custom of, ii. 175 _sq._

Regalia of Malay kings, i. 362 _sq._;
supernatural powers of, 398

Regia, the king’s palace at Rome, ii. 201

_Regifugium_ at Rome, ii. 290;
perhaps a relic of a contest for the kingdom, 308 _sqq._

Regillus, battle of Lake, i. 50

Reinach, Salomon, i. 27 _n._ 6, 87 _n._ 1, ii. 232 _n._ 2, 241 _n._ 1

Reincarnation, belief of the aboriginal Australians in, i. 96, 99
_sq._;
certain funeral rites perhaps intended to ensure, 101 _sqq._

Religion defined, i. 222;
two elements of, a theoretical and a practical, 222 _sq._;
opposed in principle to science, 224;
transition from magic to, 237 _sqq._, ii. 376 _sq._

—— and magic, i. 220-243, 250, 285, 286, 347;
Hegel on, 423 _sqq._

Religious dramas sometimes originate in magical rites, ii. 142 _sq._

Remulus, ii. 180

Renan, E., i. 236 _n._ 1

Renouf, Sir P. le P., i. 418

_Rex Nemorensis_, i. 11

Rhetra, i. 383

Rheumatism caused by magic, i. 207 _sq._, 213

Rhodians worship the sun, i. 315

Rhys, Sir John, i. 17 _n._ 2, ii. 363 _n._ 4

Ribald songs in rain-charm, i. 267

Rice, charm to make rice grow, i. 140;
in bloom treated like pregnant woman, ii. 28 _sq._;
chastity at sowing, 106

Ridgeway, Professor W., ii. 103

Rig Veda, i. 294;
quoted, ii. 368 _sq._

“Ringing out the grass,” ii. 344

Rivers as lovers of women in Greek mythology, ii. 161 _sq._

Rivers, Dr. W. H. R., i. 230 _n._, 403 _n._ 1, 421 _n._ 1

Rivos, harvest-god of Celts in Gaul, i. 17

Rivros, a Celtic month, i. 17 _n._ 2

Robertson, Sir George Scott, i. 133

Rock-crystals in rain-charms, i. 345

Rogations, Monday of, ii. 166

Rolling on the fields as a fertility charm, ii. 103;
at harvest, ii. 104

—— cakes on the ground for omens, ii. 338

Roman fire-customs compared to those of the Herero, ii. 227 _sqq._

—— kings as deities in a Sacred Marriage, ii. 172 _sq._, 192, 193
_sq._;
as personifications of Jupiter, 266 _sq._;
list of, 269 _sq._;
rule of succession among, 270 _sq._;
plebeians, not patricians, 289;
how nominated, 295 _sq._;
their mysterious or violent ends, 312 _sqq._;
their obscure birth, 312 _sq._

—— kingship, descent of, in the female line, ii. 270 _sq._;
abolition of the, 289 _sqq._;
a religious office, 289

—— punishment of parricide, 110 _n._ 2

Rome, the kings of, ii. 171 _sqq._;
oak woods on the site of ancient, 184 _sqq._

Romove, Romow, or Romowo, ii. 366 _n._ 2

Romulus, fig-tree of, ii. 10, 318;
legend of his birth from the fire, 196;
hut of, 200;
death of, 181 _sq._, 313

Roscher, W. H., ii. 137 _n._ 1, 383 _n._ 3

Roscoe, Rev. J., ii. 276 _n._ 2, 318 _n._ 1, 322 _n._ 2

Rose, the Little May, ii. 74

Rostowski, S., ii. 366 _n._ 2.

Rouen, St. Romain at, ii. 164 _sqq._

Roumania, rain-making ceremonies in, i. 273 _sq._

Round huts of the ancient Latins, ii. 200 _sqq._

Rouse, Dr. W. H. D., i. 15 _n._ 3, ii. 82

Rowan or mountain-ash used as a charm, ii. 331

—— tree, a protection against witches, ii. 53, 54

Royalty conservative of old customs, ii. 288

Rukmini, wife of Krishna, ii. 26

Runaway slave, charm to bring back a, i. 317

Runes, the magic, i. 241

Russia, St. George’s Day in, ii. 332 _sqq._

Russian celebration of Whitsuntide, ii. 64, 93

—— sect of the Christs, i. 407 _sq._

Sacred beasts in Egypt, i. 29 _sq._

—— groves in ancient Greece and Rome, ii. 121 _sqq._

—— Marriage, the, ii. 120 _sqq._

—— men, i. 386

—— sticks representing ancestors, ii. 222 _sqq._

—— women, i. 391

Sacrifices offered to regalia, i. 363, 365;
to trees, 366

Sacrificial King at Rome, i. 44

St. Anthony’s fire treated by homoeopathic magic, i. 81 _sq._

—— Bride in the Highlands of Scotland, ii. 94

—— Bridget, ii. 94 _sq._, 242.
_See_ St. Brigit

—— Brigit, holy fire and nuns of, at Kildare, ii. 240 _sqq._

—— Columba, i. 407, ii. 242 _sq._

—— Dasius, ii. 310 _n._ 1

—— Eany’s Well, ii. 161

—— Fillan, well of, ii. 161

—— Francis of Paola, i. 300

—— George and the Dragon, ii. 163 _sq._;
and the Parilia, 324 _sqq._;
patron saint of cattle, horses, and wolves, 330, 336, 337, 338;
chapel of, 337;
as a spirit of trees or vegetation, 343 _sq._;
as giver of offspring to women, 344 _sqq._;
in relation to serpents, 344 _n._ 4;
in Syria, 346

—— George’s Day (23rd April), ii. 56, 75, 79, 103, 164 _n._ 1, 330
_sqq._;
eve of, a time when witches steal milk from the cows, 334 _sqq._

—— Gervais, spring of, i. 307

—— Hippolytus, i. 21

—— James, i. 266;
quoted, 223, 224

St. John, Eve of, in Sweden, ii. 65;
Sweethearts of, 92

—— John the Baptist, day of, i. 377;
his Midsummer festival, ii. 273

—— Leonhard, i. 7 _sq._

—— Mary, Wells of, ii. 161;
_in Araceli_, 184

—— Ouen, ii. 165, 168

—— Paul, i. 407

—— Peter, as giver of rain, i. 307

—— Peter’s Day (29th June), ii. 141

—— Romain and the dragon of Rouen, ii. 164 _sqq._;
the shrine (_fierte_) of, 167, 168, 170 _n._ 1

—— Sécaire, Mass of, i. 232 _sq._

Saints, violence done to images of saints in Sicily to procure rain, i.
300;
images of saints dipped in water as a rain-charm, 307 _sq._

Sakai, the, i. 360

Sakkalava, the, i. 397

Ṣakvarī song, i. 269 _sq._

_Sâl_ trees, ii. 41;
and flowers, 76 _sq._

_Salagrama_, fossil ammonite, ii. 26, 27 _n._ 2

Salic law, re-marriage of widow under, ii. 285

Salmon, twins thought to be, i. 263

Salmoneus, King of Elis, i. 310, ii. 177, 181

Salt, abstinence from, i. 124, 266, ii. 98, 105, 149;
as a charm, 331

Samagitians, the, ii. 125;
their sacred groves, 43

_Sami_ wood (_Prosopis spicigera_), ii. 248, 249, 250 _n._

Samnites, marriage custom of the, ii. 305

Samoa, gods of, in animal and human form, i. 389

Sandwich Islands, King of, i. 377.
_See also_ Hawaii

Santiago, the horse of, i. 267

Sarah and Abraham, ii. 114

Sardinia, Midsummer customs in, ii. 92

_Satapatha-Brâhmana_, i. 380

Saturn personified at the Saturnalia, ii. 310 _sq._

—— and Jupiter, ii. 323

Saturnalia, ii. 272;
as a fertility rite, 99;
how celebrated by Roman soldiers on the Danube, 310;
Saturn personified at the, 310 _sq._;
King of the, 311;
the festival of sowing, 311 _sq._

Savile, Lord, his excavations at Nemi, i. 3 _n._ 2

Saxo Grammaticus, i. 160, ii. 280

Saxons, marriage with a stepmother among the, ii. 283;
of Transylvania, 337

_Scaloi_, i. 274

Scamander, the river, supposed to take the virginity of brides, ii. 162

Scandinavia, female descent of the kingship in, ii. 279 _sq._

Sceptre of Agamemnon, i. 365

Schinz, Dr. H., ii. 213 _n._ 2, 218

Scotland, magical images in, i. 68-70

Scott, Sir Walter, i. 326

Scratching the person with the fingers forbidden, i. 254

Scrofula, kings thought to heal scrofula by their touch, i. 368 _sqq._

Scythian kings, their regalia, i. 365

Scythians put their kings in bonds, i. 354

Sea, virgins married to the jinnee of the, ii. 153 _sq._;
phosphorescence of the, 154 _sq._

Seasons, Athenian sacrifices to the, i. 310

Secret societies, i. 340

Semiramis, ii. 275

Sena, island of, ii. 241 _n._ 1

Seneca, on sacred groves, ii. 123

Serpent, dried, in ceremony for stopping rain, i. 295 _sq._;
or dragon of water, 155 _sqq._

Serpents in relation to St. George, ii. 344 _n._ 4

Servia, rain-making ceremony in, i. 273

Servius on Virbius, i. 20 _sq._, 40

—— Tullius, laws of, ii. 115, 129;
and Fortuna, 193 _n._ 1, 272;
legend of his birth from the fire, 195 _sq._;
his death, 320 _sq._

Sewing forbidden, i. 121, 128

Sexes, influence of the, on vegetation, ii. 97 _sqq._;
of plants, 24

Sexual communism, tradition of, ii. 284

—— crime, blighting effects attributed to, ii. 107 _sqq._

—— intercourse practised to make the crops and fruits grow, ii. 98
_sqq._

—— orgies as a fertility charm, ii. 98 _sqq._

Shaking of victim as sign of its acceptance, i. 384 _sq._

Shans of Burma, i. 128

Sheaf of oats made up to represent St. Bride or Bridget, ii. 94 _sq._;
the last, 94 _n._ 2

Sheep, black, sacrificed for rain, i. 290

—— driven through fire, ii. 327

Shepherd’s prayer, ii. 327 _sq._

Shepherds’ festival, ancient Italian, ii. 326 _sqq._

Shetland, witches in, i. 326

Shrew-mouse in magic, i. 83

Shuswap Indians, i. 265

Siam, King of, ii. 262;
divinity of, i. 401

Sibyl, the, and the Golden Bough, i. 11

Sicily, attempts to compel the saints to give rain in, i. 299 _sq._

Sick people passed through a hole in an oak, ii. 371

Sickness, homoeopathic magic for the cure of, i. 78 _sqq._

Silesia, Whitsuntide customs in, ii. 89

Silk-cotton trees reverenced, ii. 14 _sq._

Silvanus, forest god, ii. 121, 124

Silver poplar a charm against witchcraft, ii. 336

Silvii, the family name of the kings of Alba, ii. 178 _sqq._, 192

Silvius, first king of Alba, ii. 179

Similarity in magic, law of, i. 52, 53

Simplification, danger of excessive simplification in science, i. 332
_sq._

Singer, the best, chosen chief, ii. 298 _sq._

Sins, confession of, i. 266

Sinuessa, waters of, ii. 161

Sister’s children preferred to man’s own children, mark of mother-kin,
ii. 285

Sisters of king, licence accorded to, ii. 274 _sqq._

Siva, i. 404, ii. 77, 78

Skeat, W. W., i. 360 _sq._

Skeleton in rain-charm, i. 284

Skene, W. F., ii. 286 _n._ 2

Skoptsy, the, a Russian sect, ii. 145 _n._ 2

Skulls, ancestral, used in magical ceremonies, i. 163;
in rain-charm, 285

Sky, twins called the children of the, i. 267, 268;
Aryan god of the, ii. 374 _sq._

Slave, charm to bring back a runaway, i. 152, 317

—— priests at Nemi, i. 11

Slaves, licence granted to, at Saturnalia, ii. 312;
female, licence accorded to, at the _Nonae Caprotinae_, 313 _sq._

Slavs, tree-worship among the heathen, ii. 9;
the thunder-god Perun, of the, 365

Sleep, charms employed by burglars to cause, i. 148 _sq._

“Sleep of war,” ii. 147

Smith, W. Robertson, i. 301 _n._ 2

Smiths sacred, i. 349

Smoke made as a rain-charm, i. 249;
of cedar inhaled as means of inspiration, 383 _sq._;
as a charm against witchcraft, ii. 330

Snake-bites, charms against, i. 152 _sq._

—— skin a charm against witchcraft, ii. 335

Snakes, human wives of, ii. 149, 150

“Sober” sacrifices, i. 311 _n._ 1

Social progress, i. 420

Sodza, a lightning goddess, ii. 370

Sofala, King of, i. 392

Sogamozo, the pontiff of, i. 416

Sogble, a lightning god, ii. 370

Solar myth theory, i. 333

Somerville, Professor W., ii. 328 _n._ 4

Sophocles, ii. 115, 161

Sorcerers. _See_ Magicians, Medicine-men

Sorcery. _See_ Magic

Sorrows, Master of, i. 280

Soul, external, in afterbirth (placenta) or navel-string, i. 200 _sq._

Souls ascribed to trees, ii. 12 _sqq._;
of ancestors supposed to be in fire on the hearth, 232

Sowing, curses at, i. 281;
homoeopathic magic at, 136 _sqq._;
sexual intercourse before, ii. 98;
continence at, 105, 106;
in Italy and Sicily, time of, 311 _n._ 5

Sparks of fire supposed to impregnate women, ii. 197, 231

Sparta, the two kings of, i. 46 _sq._;
their relation to Castor and Pollux, 48-50

Spartan sacrifice of horses to the sun, i. 315 _sq._

Spencer and Gillen, i. 89, 107 _n._ 4

Spieth, J., i. 397

Spinning forbidden, i. 113 _sq._

Spirit, Brethren of the Free, i. 408

Spiritual husbands, ii. 316 _sq._

Spittle, divination by, i. 99;
used in magic, 57

Spring, oracular at Dodona, ii. 172

Springs troubled to procure rain, i. 301;
which confer prophetic powers, ii. 172

Squirting water as a rain-charm, i. 249 _sq._, 277 _sq._

Star, falling, in magic, i. 84

Stepmother, marriage with a, among the Saxons, ii. 283

Stewart, C. S., i. 387 _n._ 1

Sticks, sacred, representing ancestors, ii. 222 _sqq._

Stone, holed, in magic, i. 313

—— curlew in magic, i. 80

—— throwing as a fertility charm, i. 39

Stones tied to trees to make them bear fruit, i. 140;
oaths upon, 160 _sq._;
homoeopathic magic of, 160 _sqq._;
employed to make fruits and crops grow, 162 _sqq._;
precious, homoeopathic magic of, 164 _sq._;
the Day of, 279;
rain-making by means of, 304 _sqq._;
in charms to make the sun shine, 312, 313, 314;
put in trees to prevent sun from setting, 318;
in wind charms, 319, 322 _sq._

Storeroom (_penus_), sacred, ii. 205 _sq._

Strabo, ii. 305

Stubbes, P., ii. 66

Subincision, use of blood shed at, i. 92, 94 _sq._

Succession to the chieftainship or kingship alternating between several
families, ii. 292 _sqq._

—— to the kingdom, in ancient Latium, ii. 266 _sqq._;
determined by a race, 299 _sqq._;
determined by mortal combat, ii. 322

Sulka, the, of New Britain, ii. 148

Sumatra, i. 58, 71

Summer, bringing in the, ii. 74

Sun, homoeopathic magic of setting, i. 165 _sq._;
supposed to send new teeth, 181;
magical control of the, 311 _sqq._;
charms to cause the sun to shine, 311 _sqq._;
eclipse of, ceremonies at 311, 312;
human sacrifices to the 314 _sq._;
chief deity of the Rhodians, 315;
supposed to drive in chariot, 315;
caught by net or string, 316;
charms to prevent the sun from going down, 316 _sqq._;
the father of the Incas, 415;
Parthian monarchs the brothers of the, 417 _sq._;
sanctuary of the, ii. 107;
high priest of the, 146 _sq._;
marriage of a woman to the, 146 _sq._;
worshipped by the Blackfoot Indians, 146;
round temple of the, 147;
temple of the Sun at Cuzco, 243;
virgins of the Sun in Peru, 243 _sqq._;
the Great, title of chief, 262, 263

—— and Earth, marriage of the, ii. 98 _sq._, 148

—— -god, no wine offered to the, i. 311

—— -god Ra in Egypt, i. 418, 419

—— goddess, i. 417

Superstitions as to the making of pottery, ii. 204 _sq._

_Svayamvara_, ii. 306

Swami Bhaskaranandaji Saraswati, i. 404

Swearing on stones, i. 160 _sq._

Sweden, midsummer customs in, ii. 65;
Frey and his priestess in, 143 _sq._;
customs observed in, at turning out the cattle to graze for the first
time in spring, 341 _sq._

Swedes sacrifice their kings, i. 366 _sq._

Sweethearts of St. John, ii. 92

Swine, herds of, in ancient Italy, ii. 354

Sycamores worshipped, ii. 15;
sacred among the Gallas, 34

Sylvii or Woods, the kings of Alba, ii. 379

Sympathetic Magic, i. 51 _sqq._;
its two branches, 54;
examples of, 55 _sqq._
_See also_ Magic

Syria, St. George in, ii. 346

Taara, the thunder-god of the Esthonians, ii. 367

Taboo, a negative magic, i. 111 _sqq._

Taboos, homoeopathic, i. 116;
contagious, 117;
on food, 117 _sqq._;
laid on the parents of twins, 262, 263 _sq._, 266;
observed after house-building, ii. 40

Tacitus, ii. 285

Tagales, the, ii. 36

Tahiti, kings of, deified, i. 388

“Tail-money,” ii. 331

_Tāli_, tying the, ii. 57 _n._ 4

Tamarinds, sacred, ii. 42, 44

Tammuz or Adonis, ii. 346

Tana, power of the disease-makers in, i. 341

Tanaquil, the Queen, ii. 195

Taoism, religious head of, i. 413 _sqq._

Tapio, woodland god, ii. 124

Tarahumares of Mexico, i. 249

Tarquin the Elder, ii. 195

—— the Proud, his attempt to shift the line of descent of the kingship,
ii. 291 _sq._

Tasmanians, the, ii. 257

Tatius, death of, ii. 320

Tauric Diana, i. 10 _sq._, 24

Taylor, Isaac, ii. 189 _n._ 3

Teeth, ceremony of knocking out teeth at initiation, i. 97 _sqq._;
extraction of teeth in connexion with rain, 98 _sq._;
charms to strengthen, 153, 157;
contagious magic of, 176-182;
of rats and mice in magic, 178 _sqq._

Telamon, ii. 278

Telchines, the, of Rhodes, i. 310

Telepathy, magical, i. 119 _sqq._;
in hunting and fishing, 120 _sqq._;
in war, 126 _sqq._;
in voyages, 126

Tertullian, i. 407;
on the Etruscan crown, ii. 175 _n._ 1

Teucer, ii. 278

Teutonic kings, i. 47;
thunder god, ii. 364

Thargelion, Greek harvest month, i. 32

Thebes, the Egyptian, ii. 130, 134;
high priests of Ammon at, 134

Theocritus, witch in, i. 206

_Theogamy_, divine marriage, ii. 121

Theophrastus, on the woods of Latium, ii. 188

Theopompus, ii. 287

Thevet, F. A., i. 358

Thieves’ candles, i. 148, 149

Things, homoeopathic magic of inanimate, i. 157 _sqq._

Thistles, a charm against witchcraft, ii. 339, 340

Thompson Indians, i. 70, 132;
the fire-drill of the, ii. 208

Thor, the Norse thunder god, ii. 364

Thorn-bushes as charms against witches, ii. 338

Thoth, Egyptian god, ii. 131

Threatening the thunder god, ii. 183 _n._ 2

Thrice born, said of Brahmans, i. 381

Thrones, sanctity of, i. 365

Thunder, imitation of, i. 248;
kings expected to make, ii. 180 _sqq._;
thought to be the roll of the drums of the dead, 183;
rain, sky, and oak, god of the, 349 _sq._;
Esthonian prayer to, 367 _sq._

—— and oak, the Aryan god of the, ii. 356 _sqq._

Thunder-bird, i. 309

—— god, threatening the, ii. 183 _n._ 2;
conceived as a deity of fertility, 368 _sqq._

Thunderbolt of Indra, i. 269

—— Zeus, ii. 361

Thunderbolts, kings killed by, ii. 181;
flint implements regarded as, 374

Thunderstorms, disappearance of Roman kings in, ii. 181 _sqq._

Thurston, E., i. 56 _n._ 3

Thyiads, the, i. 46

Tibet, the Grand Lamas of, i. 411 _sq._

Tides, homoeopathic magic of the, i. 166 _sqq._

Tiele, C. P., i. 419 _sq._

Tifata, Mount, ii. 380

Timber, homoeopathic magic of house timber, i. 146;
of houses, tree-spirits propitiated in, ii. 39 _sq._

Timor, telepathy of high-priest of, in war, i. 128 _sq._

Tinneh Indians, the, i. 357

Toad in charm against storms, i. 325

Toaripi or Motumotu, the, in New Guinea, i. 125, 337

Toboongkoos, the, ii. 35

Todas, the, i. 56;
divine milkmen of the, 402 _sq._;
magic and medicine among the, 421 _n._ 1

Togoland, i. 265

Tomori, the, of Celebes, ii. 29, 35, 110

Tonga, chiefs of, believed to heal scrofula, i. 371

Tonquin, kings of, responsible for drought and dearth, i. 355

Töppen, M., ii. 365 _n._ 5

Toradjas, the, i. 109, 114, 129, 159

Torres Straits, i. 59

Tortoise, magic of, i. 151, 170

Totem, confusion between a man and his totem, i. 107 _sq._

Totemism in Central Australia not a religion, i. 107 _sq._

Totems in Central Australia, magical ceremonies for the multiplication
of, i. 85 _sqq._;
custom of eating the, 107

Touch-me-not (_Impatiens sp._), ii. 77

Touching for the King’s Evil (scrofula), i. 368 _sqq._

Transmigrations of human deities, i. 410 _sqq._

Tree, life of child connected with, i. 184;
that has been struck by lightning, 319;
culprits tied to sacred, ii. 112 _sq._;
fire kindled from ancestral, 221;
spirit represented simultaneously in vegetable and human form, ii. 73
_sqq._

—— -spirits, ii. 7 _sqq._;
in house-timber propitiated, 39 _sq._;
beneficent powers of, 45 _sqq._;
give rain and sunshine, 45 _sq._;
make crops grow, 47 _sqq._;
make cattle and women fruitful, 50 _sqq._, 55 _sqq._;
in human form or embodied in living people, 71 _sqq._

Tree-worship among the European families of the Aryan stock, ii. 9
_sqq._;
in modern Europe, relics of, 59 _sqq._

Trees, marriage to, i. 40 _sq._, ii. 57;
extracted teeth placed in, i. 98;
burial in, 102;
navel-strings placed in, 182, 183, 185, 186;
afterbirth (placenta) placed in, 182, 187, 190, 191, 194, 199;
worship of, ii. 7 _sqq._;
regarded as animate, 12 _sqq._;
sacrifices to, 15, 16 _sq._, 34, 44, 46, 47;
sensitive, 18;
apologies offered to trees for cutting them down, 18 _sq._, 36 _sq._;
bleeding, 18, 20, 33;
threatened to make them bear fruit, 20 _sqq._;
married to each other, 24 _sqq._;
animated by the souls of the dead, 29 _sqq._;
planted on graves, 31;
as the abode of spirits, 33 _sqq._;
ceremonies at cutting down, 34 _sqq._;
drenched with water as a rain-charm, 47;
grant women an easy delivery, 57 _sq._

—— and plants, attempts to deceive the spirits of, ii. 22 _sqq._

—— sacred, ii. 40 _sqq._;
smeared with blood, 367

Trinity, the Hindoo, i. 225, 404;
the Norse, ii. 364

Triumph, the Roman, ii. 174

Troezen, sanctuary of Hippolytus at, i. 24 _sq._

Troy, sanctuary of Athena at, ii. 284

“True Man, the,” i. 413

Trumpets, sacred, ii. 24

Tshi-speaking peoples of Gold Coast, i. 132

Tullius Hostilius, killed by lightning, ii. 181, 320

Tumleo, i. 213

Turner, Dr. George, i. 341

Turner’s picture of “The Golden Bough,” i. 1

Turning or whirling round, custom of, observed by mummers, i. 273, 275,
ii. 74, 80, 81, 87

“Twin,” name applied by the Baganda to the navel-string, i. 195, 196

Twins, i. 145;
in war, 49 _n._ 3;
taboos laid on parents of, 262, 263 _sq._;
supposed to possess magical powers, especially over the weather and
rain, 262-269;
supposed to be salmon, 263;
thought to be related to grizzly-bears, 264 _sq._;
thought to be related to apes, 265;
thought to be the sons of lightning, 266;
called the children of the sky, 267, 268;
water poured on graves of twins as a rain-charm, 268;
customs of the Baganda in regard to, ii. 102 _sq._

Two-headed bust at Nemi, portrait of the King of the Wood, i. 41 _sq._

Tydeus, ii. 278

Tylor, E. B., i. 53 _n._ 1, ii. 208, 244 _n._ 1, 374 _n._ 2;
on fertilisation of date-palm, 25 _n._

Tyndarids (Castor and Pollux), i. 49

Uganda, Queen Dowager and Queen Sister in, ii. 275 _sq._

Ulysses and Aeolus, i. 326;
and Penelope, ii. 300

Umbrians, ordeal of battle among the, ii. 321

Uncle, maternal, preferred to father, mark of mother-kin, ii. 285

Upsala, sacred grove at, ii. 9;
temple of Frey at, 144;
great temple and festival at, 364 _sq._

Urns, funereal, in shape of huts, ii. 201 _sq._

Urvasi and Pururavas, ii. 250

Vallabhacharyas, the, Hindoo sect, ii. 160

Varro, ii. 185, 200, 326, 381

Vatican hill, the, ii. 186

Vaughan Stevens, H., ii. 236 _n._ 1

Vegetation, influence of the sexes on, ii. 97 _sqq._;
spirit of, represented by a king or queen, ii. 84, 87, 88;
newly awakened in spring, ii. 70;
brought to houses, 74;
represented by mummers dressed in leaves, branches, and flowers, 74
_sqq._, 78 _sqq._;
represented by a tree and a living man, 76;
represented in duplicate by a girl and an effigy, 78;
men and women masquerading as, 120

Vejovis, the Little Jupiter, ii. 179

Veleda, deified woman, i. 391

Veneti, the, ii. 353;
breeders of horses, i. 27

Ventriloquism a basis of political power, i. 347

Venus (Aphrodite) and Adonis, i. 21, 25, 40, 41

Verrall, A. W., ii. 25 _n._ 2

Vesta, her sacred fires in Latium, i. 13 _sq._;
at Rome, the grove of, ii. 185;
called Mother, not Virgin, 198;
round temple of, 200 _sq._;
as Mother, 227 _sqq._;
a goddess of fecundity, 229 _sq._;
her fire at Rome fed with oak wood, ii. 186

Vestal fire at Rome a successor of the fire on the king’s hearth, ii.
200 _sqq._;
kindled by the friction of wood, 207;
at Nemi, 378 _sq._, 380;
Virgins in Latium, i. 13 _sq._;
become mothers by the fire, ii. 196 _sq._;
regarded as wives of the fire-god, 198, 199, 229;
among the Baganda, 246

Vestals, house of the, ii. 201;
of the Herero, 213, 214;
custom of burying alive unfaithful Vestals, 228;
adore the male organ, 229;
rites performed by them for the fertility of the earth and the
fecundity of cattle, 229, 326;
African, 150;
at Rome the wives or daughters of the kings, 228;
Celtic, 241 _n._ 1;
Peruvian, 243 _sqq._;
in Yucatan, 245 _sq._

Victims give signs of inspiration by shaking themselves, i. 384 _sq._

Victoria, the late Queen, worshipped in Orissa, i. 404

Victoria Nyanza, god of the, ii. 150

Viehe, Rev. G., ii. 213 _n._ 2, 223 _sq._

Vines blessed on the Assumption of the Virgin (15th August), i. 14
_sq._

Violent deaths of the Roman kings, ii. 313 _sqq._

Viracocha, i. 56

Virbius, the slope of, i. 4 _n._ 5, ii. 321;
the mate of Diana at Nemi, i. 19-21, 40 _sq._, ii. 129;
etymology of the name, 379 _n._ 5

Virgil, ii. 184, 186, 379;
an antiquary as well as a poet, 178

Virgin, the Assumption of the, in relation to Diana, i. 14-16;
festival of the, in the Armenian Church, 16;
Mary of Kevlaar, i. 77;
priestesses in Peru, Mexico, and Yucatan, ii. 243 _sqq._

Virginity offered to rivers, ii. 162

Virility, hierophant at Eleusis temporarily deprived of his, ii. 130;
sacrifice of, to a goddess, 144 _sq._

Vishnu, ii. 26

Vitellius at Nemi, i. 5

Vituperation thought to cause rain, i. 278

Votive offerings at Nemi, i. 4, 6, 12, 19, 23

Voyages, telepathy in, i. 126

Vulcan, father of Caeculus, ii. 197

Vulture, magic of, i. 151

Wagogo, the, i. 123

Wagtail, the yellow, in magic, i. 79

_Walber_, the, ii. 75

Waldemar, I., King of Denmark, i. 367

Wallace, Sir D. Mackenzie, i. 407 _sq._

Walos, the, of Senegal, i. 370

Walpurgis Night, ii. 52, 54, 55, 127

Walton, Izaak, i. 326 _n._ 2

War, telepathy in, i. 126 _sqq._

“War, the sleep of,” ii. 147

Ward, Professor H. Marshall, ii. 252, 315 _n._ 1

Ward, Professor James, i. 423

Warramunga, the, i. 93, 95, 99

Wasps in magic, i. 152

Water sprinkled as rain-charm, i. 248 _sqq._;
serpent or dragon of, ii. 155 _sqq._

—— and Fire, kings of, ii. 3 _sqq._

—— -lilies, charms to make water-lilies grow, i. 95, 97, 98

—— nymphs, fertilising virtue of, ii. 162

—— -spirits, propitiation of, ii. 76;
sacrifices to, 155 _sqq._;
as beneficent beings, 159;
bestow offspring on women, 159 _sqq._

—— totem, i. 259

Waterfalls, spirits of, ii. 156, 157

Wax melted in magic, i. 77

Wealth acquired by magicians, i. 347, 348, 351, 352

Weapon and wound, contagious magic of, i. 201 _sqq._

Weaving and twining thread forbidden, i. 131

Wellhausen, J., i. 303

Wells cleansed as rain-charm, i. 267;
married to the holy basil, ii. 26 _sq._;
bestow offspring on women, 160 _sq._

Wends, their superstition as to oaks, ii. 55

Werner, Miss A., ii. 317 _n._ 1

Wernicke, quoted, i. 35 _sq._

Wetting people with water as a rain-charm, i. 250, 251, 269 _sq._, 272,
273, 274, 275, 277 _sq._, ii. 77

Whale-fishing, telepathy in, i. 121

Whirling or turning round, custom of, observed by mummers, i. 273, 275,
ii. 74, 80, 81, 87

Whirlwind, attacking the, i. 329 _sqq._

White bulls sacrificed, ii. 188 _sq._

—— horses, sacred, ii. 174 _n._ 2

—— poplar, the, at Olympia, ii. 220

—— thorn, a charm against witches, ii. 191

—— victims sacrificed for sunshine, i. 291, 292

Whitekirk, ii. 161

Whit-Monday, the king’s game on, ii. 89, 103

Whitsun-bride in Denmark, ii. 91 _sq._

Whitsunday customs in Russia, ii. 64, 93;
races, ii. 69, 84;
contest for the kingship at, 89;
custom of rolling on the fields at, 103;
customs in Holland, 104

—— Bride, the, ii. 89, 96

—— Basket, the, ii. 83

—— Flower, ii. 80

—— King, ii. 84, 89, 90

—— -lout, the, ii. 81

—— Man, the Little, ii. 81

—— Queen, ii. 87, 90

Widow, re-marriage of, in Salic law, ii. 285 _sq._

Wiedemann, A., i. 230 _sq._

Wiglet and Feng, ii. 281, 283

Wilhelmina, a Bohemian woman, worshipped, i. 409

Wilkinson, R. J., ii. 383 _n._ 1

William the Third, i. 369

Willow tree on St. George’s Day, ii. 76

Wind, magical control of the, i. 319 _sqq._;
charms to make the wind drop, 320;
fighting and killing the spirit of the, 327 _sqq._

—— clan, i. 320

—— of the Cross, i. 325

—— doctor, i. 321

Winds tied up in knots, i. 326

Wine not offered to the sun-god, i. 311

Wiradjuri tribe, i. 335

Wissowa, Professor G., i. 22 _n._ 5, 23 _n._, ii. 382 _n._ 1

Witches raising the wind, i. 322, 326;
buried under trees, ii. 32;
steal milk on May Day or Walpurgis Night, 52 _sqq._;
steal milk on Midsummer Eve, 127;
steal milk on Eve of St. George, 334 _sqq._;
precautions against, 52 _sqq._;
as cats and dogs, 334, 335

Witches’ sabbath on the Eve of St. George, ii. 335, 338

Witchetty grubs, ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 85

“Wives of Marduk,” ii. 130

Wizards who raise winds, i. 323 _sqq._;
Finnish, 325

Wolves in relation to horses, i. 27;
feared by shepherds, ii. 327, 329, 330 _sq._, 333, 334, 340, 341

Women, fruitful, supposed to fertilise crops and fruit-trees, i. 140
_sq._;
employed to sow the fields, 141 _sq._;
ploughing as a rain-charm, 282 _sq._;
worshipped by the ancient Germans, 391;
married to gods, ii. 129 _sqq._, 143 _sq._, 146 _sq._, 149 _sqq._;
fertilised by water-spirits, 159 _sqq._;
impregnated by fire, 195 _sqq._, 230 _sq._;
alone allowed to make pottery, 204 _sq._

—— barren, thought to sterilise gardens, i. 142;
fertilised by trees, ii. 316 _sqq._

Wood, fire kindled by the friction of, ii. 207 _sqq._, 235 _sqq._, 243,
248 _sqq._, 258 _sq._, 262, 263, 336, 366, 372

Wood, the King of the, i. 1 _sqq._;
Lord of the, ii. 36

Woods, species of, used in making fire by friction, ii. 248-252

Wordsworth, W., i. 104

Worship of trees, ii. 7 _sqq._;
of the oak, 349 _sqq._

Wotyaks, the, ii. 43, 145, 146

Wound and weapon, contagious magic of, i. 201 _sqq._

Wyse, Miss A., ii. 88 _n._ 1

Wyse, William, i. 101 _n._ 2, 105 _n._ 5, ii. 356 _n._ 3

Yakuts, the, i. 319

Yam vines, continence at training, ii. 105 _sq._

Yegory or Yury (St. George), ii. 332, 333

Yellow birds in magic, i. 79 _sq._

—— colour in magic, i. 79 _sqq._

—— River, girls married to the, ii. 152

Ynglingar family, ii. 279

Yorubas, the, i. 364;
chieftainship among the, ii. 293 _sq._;
rule of succession to the chieftainship among the, 293 _sq._

Yucatan, Vestals in, ii. 245 _sq._

Yuracares, the, of Bolivia, ii. 204

Zela, i. 47

Zeus, Greek kings called, ii. 177, 361;
as god of the oak, the rain, the thunder, and the sky, 358 _sqq._;
surnamed Lightning, 361;
surnamed Thunderbolt, 361;
as sky-god, 374

—— and Demeter, their marriage at Eleusis, ii. 138 _sq._

—— and Dione, at Dodona, ii. 189

—— and Hera, sacred marriage of, ii. 140 _sq._, 142 _sq._

—— at Dodona, ii. 177;
priests of, 248

—— at Panamara in Caria, i. 28

—— Dictaean, ii. 122

—— Lightning, i. 33

—— Lycaeus, i. 309

—— Panhellenian, ii. 359

—— Rainy, ii. 376

—— Showery, ii. 360

—— the Descender, ii. 361

Zimmer, H., ii. 286 _n._ 2

Zulus, foods tabooed among the, i. 118 _sq._

THE END

_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.

Works by Sir J. G. FRAZER, D.C.L., LL.D.

THE GOLDEN BOUGH

A STUDY IN MAGIC AND RELIGION

Third Edition, revised and enlarged. 8vo.