Chapter XXXIII: Part II (2)

[1019] Mon. Franc. I, 256. The date is uncertain. Adam Marsh describes him, ‘quem et honestior conversatio et litteratura provectior commendabiliter illustrant.’ For the spelling of the name, cf. Rymer’s Foed. I, 800, ‘Peschan.’

[1020] This is merely a deduction from the fact that Adam Marsh wrote about his entering the Order.

[1021] _Registrum_, p. 977. It is hardly necessary to add that he was not a student at Merton; as Archbishop, he was patron of the college; ibid. 123.

[1022] Mon. Franc. I, 537, 552. Trivet, Annales, p. 299.

[1023] Regist. p. 315.

[1024] Ibid. 866, 898. Henry of Ghent was also present; see his _Quodlibeta_, Quodl. II, quaest. ix.

[1025] Regist. III, xcvii, seq. (preface).

[1026] N. Trivet, p. 299.

[1027] Close Roll, 3 Edw. I, m. 18, dorse.

[1028] Mon. Franc. I, 537, 560. Mr. Martin says that Provincial Ministers were at this time appointed by the General: this was the case at first, but the custom was departed from as early as the time of William of Nottingham (1240). Mon. Franc. I, 59.

[1029] Mon. Franc. I, 560. Trivet, 299, Lanerc. Chron. 100; Denifle, I, 301, seq.

[1030] Lanercost Chron. 100, ‘post biennium.’ Nicholas III was elected Nov. 25, 1277; this leaves little more than a year before Peckham’s nomination to the Archiepiscopate; but it is not likely that he was made lector by John XXI. Le Neve, Fasti; Milman, VI, 410.

[1031] _Registrum_, pp. 210, 248.

[1032] Ibid. 715, 68-9, 38-9.

[1033] Lanerc. Chron. 144; Wadding, V, 53, 80: _Registrum_, I, pref. lx, xcix.

[1034] Mon. Franc. I, 537.

[1035] MS. Cott. Vitell. F, XII, f. 274.

[1036] Rymer, I, 800. An account of his bequests to Christ Church, Canterbury, will be found in the Public Library at Cambridge, MS. Ee, V, 31, f. 74 b.

[1037] Annales, p. 299.

[1038] Nicholas Glasberger says that he wrote a life of St. Anthony of Padua, ‘_miro stilo_,’ at the command of the Minister-General, Jerome of Ascoli. Anal. Franc. II, 91.

[1039] Mon. Franc. I, 552, 555. See H. de Brisingham, note 5. (Appletree in Derby, or in Northampton, or Appletree-Wick in Yorkshire?)

[1040] He may be the same as Robert de Sancta Cruce who went to the Minister General with a letter of recommendation from Adam Marsh (c. 1250?). Mon. Franc. I, 333.

[1041] Peckham, Reg. 117-8.

[1042] Mon. Franc. I, 537, 560.

[1043] Pat. 12 Edw. I, m. 9.

[1044] Peckham, Reg. 820.

[1045] Pat. 13 Edw. I, m. 27.

[1046] Peckham, Reg. 909.

[1047] Mon. Franc. I, 537, 560.

[1048] Mon. Franc. I, 552, 555, 560. Other variations are Merston (ibid. 537, and Assisi MS. 158, quest. 6) and Mirstun (Assisi MS. 158, quest. 134).

[1049] Assisi MS. 158, questions 6, 134, 144. Qu. 134 runs thus: ‘Disputacio Rogeri de Mirstun ordinis minorum.’ (Inc.) ‘Circa emanacionem eternam.’ (At end): ‘Ad (?) hanc questionem respondetur quod essencia est principium, quo sit omnis productio.’

[1050] Mon. Franc. I, 555: ‘incepit Oxoniae.’

[1051] Archiv f. Litt. u. K. Gesch. d. M. III, 459; cf. 413. Are any of his writings extant except the questions at Assisi?

[1052] Blomefield’s Norfolk, IV, 112.

[1053] Mon. Franc. I, 537.

[1054] Assisi MS. 158 twice mentions _Waker_, who may be this Wakerfield. Quest. 76, and at the end of the volume ‘Waker dis(putavit) R(espondit) Penn(ard).’

[1055] Appendix C.

[1056] In Devon’s Exchequer Issue Rolls, Hen. III-Hen. VI, p. 114, there is mention of ‘Master Nicholas de Ocham,’ 30 Edw. I.

[1057] Assisi MS. 158, questions 161-3, 165 (of considerable length), 123, ‘questio in vesperiis de Hotham’; and near the end of the volume, ‘questio Hotham in vesperiis cnol (?) Oxon. Respondit persel.’ The last letter in the name ‘Cnol’ is uncertain; but it is probably Walter de Knolle, Ocham’s successor at Oxford. Cf. H. de Hertepol and J. de Persora below.

[1058] Tanner, Bibl. 556.

[1059] Wadding, Sup. ad Script. 563.

[1060] Mon. Franc. I, 552, 556.

[1061] Savage, Balliofergus, p. 15.

[1062] In MS. 158 at Assisi. See Part I, Chapter III.

[1063] Ibid. quest. 185.

[1064] Q. R. Wardr. 8/2 (R.O.), this refutes the statement in Collect. Angl. Min. that he was unanimously elected in 1300.

[1065] Wood, MS. F, 29 a, fol. 178.

[1066] Q. R. Wardr. 13/35, m. 1. Cf. Rymer’s Foed. I, 936.

[1067] Almain Roll. 30 Edw. I (R.O.). Cf. Mon. Franc. I, 514 (1302).

[1068] Rodulphus, quoted by Wadding, Script. 360.

[1069] Mon. Franc. I, 537. The author of ‘Collis Paradisi’ (?) however quotes the following epitaph: ‘Hic jacet Fr. Hugo de Hergilpol Anglicus Mag. in S. T. quondam Minister Angliae, qui obiit III id. Septembris A. D. MCCC seđo. Orate pro anima ejus.’ Wadding, ibid. The General Chapter met at Assisi in 1304, Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. VI, 67. Hugh was appointed ambassador to Rome, Sept. 9, 1302.

[1070] Bale, _Script._, I. 413; Leland, _Script._, 326; J. Picus Mirand., _Opera Omnia_ (Basel, 1572), Tom. I. _Contra Astrol._, Book XII.

[1071] Wood-Clark, II, 371. Memorials of Merton Coll. 185, n. 1.

[1072] ‘Fratri Barnabe Magistro fratrum Minorum;’ the rest of the passage is worn away: Q. R. Wardrobe, 25/1 (R.O.). The note in MS. Merton Coll. 55, f. 261, ‘memoriale fratris Thome de Barneby pro 14 solidis,’ is of the fifteenth century.

[1073] Mon. Franc. I, 537, 560.

[1074] See notice of Richard Conyngton.

[1075] Wilkins, Concilia, II, 399.

[1076] Mon. Franc. I, 537.

[1077] Geynysborough, Geynisborn, Geinesburgh, &c.

[1078] Mon. Franc. I, 553, ‘qui primus (prius?) fuerat minister.’ This was by no means unprecedented; Anal. Franc. I, 16: ‘Minister Generalis ... absolvit fratrem Simonem a ministerio Theutoniae et lectorem instituit.’ Cf. instances among the Dominicans, Martene, Thes. Nov. Anecd. IV, pp. 1791, 1822.

[1079] Peckham, Regist. 909. Mon. Franc. I, 537, 560. Cf. Chapter House Records (R.O.), A 1/22, p. 61: ‘fratri Willelmo de Geynesburg’ ministro fratrum minorum in Anglia revertenti in Angliam de Burdeg’ ad expensas suas ... de dono Regis lxvi{s} viii{d} sterl’;’ May 13 (1287 ?).

[1080] Trivet, Annales, 331.

[1081] Queen’s Remembr. Wardrobe, 8/2, m. 1 (R.O.).

[1082] ‘Wardrobe Account 28 Edw. I,’ ed. Topham, p. 164. Mon. Franc. I, 537, 553, 560, ‘qui in curia Romana legit cursorie et ordinarie.’ Lanerc. Chron. says he was called to the Curia to read theology ‘coram cardinalibus,’ p. 194.

[1083] ‘Wardrobe Account,’ _ut supra_ (May, 1300).

[1084] Lanerc. Chron. 194; cf. date of his appointment to Worcester.

[1085] Almain Roll, 28 Edw. I (R.O.).

[1086] Ibid. 30 Edw. I.

[1087] Le Neve, Fasti, III, 53. Annal. Monast. IV, 554, 555. For a full account of the inthronization, see Thomas, Survey of Worcester, App. No. 76.

[1088] Pat. Roll, in Le Neve, III, 53, n. 96. Cf. Stubbs, Const. Hist. III, 308-9.

[1089] Thomas, Survey, App. No. 77; cf. Ann. Monast. IV, 556.

[1090] Cf. Rymer’s Foed. I, p. 979.

[1091] Lanerc. Chron. 206.

[1092] Rymer’s Foed. I, 1012; Lanerc. Chron. 210.

[1093] Rot. Rom. I Edw. II, m. 10 (Le Neve); Thomas, Survey, App. No. 78.

[1094] Thomas, ibid.

[1095] Lanerc. Chron. 210.

[1096] Mon. Franc. I, 537, 553.

[1097] Assisi MS. 158, quest. 119: ‘Disputavit Gilbertus (Stratton?); Respondit Rundel minor.’

[1098] Phillipps MS. 3119, fol. 76, ‘qui legerat sentencias Parisius.’

[1099] Wilkins, Concil. II, 336, 337, &c.; cf. 370, ‘presentibus magistris minorum et predicatorum, gardiano minorum,’ &c.

[1100] Mon. Franc. I, 553.

[1101] Phillipps MS., _ut supra_.

[1102] Wood MS. F, 29 a, f. 178.

[1103] Mon. Franc. I, 556.

[1104] Pat. 14 Edw. II, m. 9.

[1105] ‘In festo Epiphanie; Minorum; Houdene.’ The MS. dates from the latter part of the 14th cent., but we may without much hesitation identify ‘Houdene’ with Adam of Hoveden, as the other preachers mentioned belong to the end of the 13th century, e.g. Henry de Sutton, friar minor, Symon de Gandavo, Chancellor (Oxford), &c.

[1106] Wood MS. F, 29 a, f. 178.

[1107] Assisi MS. 158, quest. 179. Ric. de Hederington succeeded to the prebend of Ailesbury in 1290. Le Neve, II, 95.

[1108] Brewer’s reading Haldeswel is wrong. The Phillipps MS. also reads Baldeswelle.

[1109] Wood MS., _ut supra_.

[1110] Wood MS., _ut supra_.

[1111] Archiv f. Litt. u. Kirch. Gesch. II, 361; III, 39; IV, 28 seq.

[1112] Script. cent. V, 26.

[1113] See above.

[1114] Mon. Franc. I, 556.

[1115] Ibid. 538, 560. Reports of Hist. MSS. Commission, IV, 393 a, letter of Gonsalvo, Minister General to ‘Friar R. minister of England,’ 1310.

[1116] Archiv f. Litt. u. K. Gesch. II, 356; III, 39; Wadding, VI, 171.

[1117] Mon. Franc. I, 538, 553. Bale gives 1330 as the date of his death.

[1118] Leland, Script. 331; Bale, I, 404.

[1119] Wadding, VII, 168.

[1120] MS. Bodl., Seld. supra 64, fol. 160.

[1121] Wood MS., _ut supra_; Wilkins’ Concilia, II, 399; Lea, Hist. of the Inquisition, III, 301.

[1122] Mon. Franc. I, 553. Cf. Digby MS. 154, f. 37 (sec. xiii, xiv); Letters of Friars P. de S. and others, to Roger de Merlawe, c. 1290-1300 (v. ibid. f. 38).

[1123] MS. Cott. Nero, A, IX.

[1124] MS. Phillipps, 3119; Brewer’s ‘Rockysley’ is a mistake.

[1125] Mon. Franc. I, 553.

[1126] Wood MS. F, 29 a, &c.

[1127] Twyne, MS. III, 327 (Acta fratrum Praedicatorum). ‘Item Fratri Henrico Croy conventus fratrum Praedicatorum antedicti, Baculario Sacrae Theologiae pro Inceptione in Theologia se disponenti responsiones ad hoc secundum statuta Universitatis praedictae necessario requisitae per magistrum Willelmum de Schireburn magistrum Fratrum Minorum et alios etiam magistros prius concessae, de ordinatione ipsorum Cancellarii et Procuratorum ac quorundam aliorum magistrorum, sunt penitus denegatae.’ (Oxf. Hist. Soc. Collectanea, II, 241.)

[1128] Tanner, Bibl. 668. Harl. MS. 5398 (§ 3) contains a Sermon attributed to John Schyrborn.

[1129] Mon. Franc. I, 70, 538.

[1130] Ball. Coll. MS. 33.

[1131] Merton Coll. MSS. 166, 168, 169, 170, 158.

[1132] Mon. Franc. I, 538, 560.

[1133] Wadding, VI, 396-7: he confuses William Provincial of England with William of Ockham; VII, _sub anno_ 1323.

[1134] MS. Seld. sup. 64, fol. 215.

[1135] Mon. Franc. I, 538.

[1136] Mun. Acad. p. 100.

[1137] Annals, _sub anno_ 1270; elsewhere Wood calls him John Middleton, Minorite, ibid. p. 386.

[1138] Script. Brit. I, 365.

[1139] Bibl. p. 778.

[1140] I have not found this reference; Baconthorpe’s commentaries on Sentences I and II fill a folio volume of 378 leaves (Milan, 1510).

[1141] According to the Old Catalogue, MS. Bodl. 783 contains a treatise by a John Wylton (the monk of Westminster?); the entry is erroneous; the MS. (now Laud. Misc. 677) contains nothing about John Wylton.

[1142] Mon. Franc. I, 553.

[1143] Wood MS., _ut supra_. Another William of Alnwick was bishop of Norwich and Lincoln in the fifteenth century.

[1144] Mon. Franc. I, 553: ‘postea apud Montem Bononiae Neapoli legit; demum Episcopus.’

[1145] Wadding, VI, 396; Anal. Franc. II, 129: ‘Hugo de Novo Castro et Gulielmus de Almuchia, sacrae theologiae doctores.’

[1146] Wadding, VII, 112, 169, ‘ex Regest. Rob. Regis Siciliae.’

[1147] Bale and Pits.

[1148] Lib. Conform. f. 81 b, ‘Almoith.’

[1149] MS. Harl. 31, f. 96 b.

[1150] Tanner, Bibl. 354, says his commentaries on the Sentences ‘extant impr.... Lip.’ (?)

[1151] P. 135, a curious story about the Jews at Paris; ‘frater W. Herbert, qui vidit,’ &c.

[1152] Bernard’s Catalogues, Tom. II, no. 9159: Phillipps Catal. No. 8336; the same volume contains some works of Friar Nicholas Bozon (‘Boioun’). I have not had an opportunity of examining these works of Herbert’s, which are probably of some value.

[1153] Not mentioned in the Phillipps Catalogue.

[1154] _Inc._: ‘Ha troe yat art so vayr y kud;’ Phill. Catal.

[1155] Mon. Franc. I, 553.

[1156] Ibid. 554.

[1157] Ibid.

[1158] MS. Digby, 212, f. 2.

[1159] Hist. MSS. Commission, Report IV, 443 (deed in Ball. Coll. Archives).

[1160] Hist. MSS. Commission, Report IV, 443 (deed in Ball. Coll. Archives).

[1161] Leland’s authority was probably the Catalogue of Franciscan writers in which R. of Leicester was mentioned: ‘colligo hunc (Robertum) fuisse Guil. Hereberti synchronium, instructus serie Catalogi _De Scriptoribus Franciscanis_, editi;’ _Scriptores_, p. 304.

[1162] A monk of this name is mentioned in MS. 24 of Corp. Chr. Coll. Cambridge, A. D. 1348.

[1163] Chtantton (_sic_) in MS. Nero A, IX; omitted in Phillipps MS. The name is given in a variety of forms: Certhanton or Certanton (Wood), Southampton (Brewer), Catton, Gathon, Chattodunus (Leland), Ceton, Cepton, Tepton (Barth. of Pisa, Pits, &c.), Schaton (N. Glasberger, Analecta Francisc. II, 166), Canton (‘Chronologia historico-legalis seraphici Ordinis Fratrum Minorum,’ Neapoli, 1650; quoted ibid. note 5), Chvaton (Baronius-Raynaldus).

[1164] Twyne, MS. XXIII, 488, from the Oxford City Records; cf. Part I, ch. iv.

[1165] Blomefield, Hist, of Norfolk, IV, p. 112. There is a Catton near Norwich.

[1166] Baronius-Raynaldus, Ann. Ecclesiast. Vol. XXV, p. 92; Anal. Franc. II, p. 166.

[1167] Script. Brit. I, 420.

[1168] Liber Conformitatum, f. 81 b; Defensorium, cap. 62 (Twyne, MS. XXII, 103 c).

[1169] Woodford refers to ‘Chatone’s’ commentaries on the Sentences; MS. Harl. 31, ff. 61, 96.

[1170] Script. I, p. 409.

[1171] Cf. MS. Seld. sup. 64, f. 75.

[1172] Tanner, Bibl. p. 473: ‘MS. olim in bibl. Sion.’ The work is however printed and ascribed to Laurence Valla (see Panzer, Ann. Typ.).

[1173] Archiv f. Litt. u. Kirch. Gesch. II, 171.

[1174] Fratini, _Storia ... del Convento di S. Francesco in Assisi_ (Prato, 1882), p. 205.

[1175] Mon. Franc. I, 560; Tanner, Bibl. 638.

[1176] Mon. Franc. I, 554, 560, 538. Cf. John Major, Gesta Scotorum, I, cap. 5.

[1177] Mon. Franc. I, 538, 554.

[1178] Ibid. 538.

[1179] Ibid.

[1180] Willott, Athenae, pp. 237-8. According to Sbaralea, the _Thesaurus_ was approved in 1503, parts were printed at Milan in 1506, and the entire work was preserved in the Franciscan Library at Assisi; Wadding, Sup. ad Script. p. 451.

[1181] The ‘G’ is certainly wrong; the initial ‘T’ is inserted in a later hand in Cott. MS. The name is doubtful; MS. reads Stanscħ or Stanftħ.

[1182] Tanner, Bibl. 691.

[1183] MS. Seld. supra 64, fol. 175; Script. I, 427-8.

[1184] MS. and Script. _ut supra_.

[1185] Barth. of Pisa, Liber Conformitatum, f. 81 b; Wadding, VI, 344. John Major, who edited a version of his Sentences in 1512, calls him: ‘Vir modestus, sed non inferioris doctrinae aut ingenii quam Ockam,’ Gesta Scot. Lib. IV, cap. 21.

[1186] Tanner, Bibl. 329; Wadding, VIII, 139; J. Major’s preface to Wodham’s Sentences, ed. 1512.

[1187] Wadding, Sup. ad Script. 327.

[1188] Analecta Franciscana, II, 177.

[1189] Bale, Script. I, 447.

[1190] In the Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, MS. 514 (_olim_ 551) has the note: ‘Verisimile est authorem hujus libri esse magistrum Adamum de Rodromo’ (i.e. Wodham). The MS. really contains only Peter Lombard’s Sentences without any commentary.

[1191] Cf. notice of Walter Chatton.

[1192] Bale adds that he wrote _Sententias et conclusiones_, Lib. I, ‘Absolutio criminis sive peccati’ (on the power of the Mendicants to hear confessions, especially against Wetheringsete), _ex officina Ricardi Kele_; _Sententias Oxoniensis consilii_, Lib. I, ‘Sententie septem ponuntur’ (?). MS. Bodl. Seld. sup. 64, fol. 9. For Wetheringsete or Wetherset, see Tanner, Bibl. 759.

[1193] Mon. Franc. I, 560.

[1194] Ibid. 538.

[1195] W. of Nottingham, 17th Minister in 1322; Thomas Kingesbury, 26th Minister in 1380; the dates between these are uncertain.

[1196] Script. Brit. I, 432.

[1197] Mon. Franc. I, 538, 560.

[1198] Unless the conjecture about J. Valeys is correct.

[1199] Digby, MS. 90, f. 6b (14th century), in Bodleian.

[1200] Tanner, Bibl. 567. The chronicle is in Brit. Mus. MS. Cotton, Vitell. F, IX.

[1201] The name is unfortunately not clearly written in the Cott. MS: it may be _Vilers_: cf. Memorials of Merton Coll. p. 199.

[1202] Wood, Annals, A. D. 1349.

[1203] Pat. 1 Ric. II, pt. 4, m. 37.

[1204] Mon. Franc. I, p. 5.

[1205] Wadding, I, 303; Anal. Franc. II, pp. 14-15.

[1206] Christ. Davenport, Opera omnia (Duaci 1665), Tom. I, Hist. Minor, p. 2: he adds, ‘Originale meo adhuc tempore in Episcopio Audomarensi servabatur.’

[1207] Mon. Franc. I, p. 5. Cf. Lanerc. Chron. p. 30; Annals of Worc. p. 416 (Ann. Monast. IV).

[1208] Mon. Franc., ibid.

[1209] Ibid. 53-4.

[1210] Ibid. 34, 35, 36-7.

[1211] Mon. Franc. I, 37; cf. Barth. of Pisa, fol. 79 b.

[1212] Mon. Franc. ibid.

[1213] Chron. Majora, III, 257: ‘familiaris erat domino regi et consiliarius ipsius.’

[1214] Ibid. Cf. p. 251; Mon. Franc. I, 52; Ann. Monast. I, 92.

[1215] Mon. Franc. ibid.

[1216] He was present at the translation of the body of St. Francis in 1230; ibid. 5.

[1217] Mon. Franc. I, 52-4, account of his death, &c.

[1218] This is supported by MS. Cott. Nero A. IX, f. 70 b: ‘A{o} domini MCC 35 frater Agnellus ... obiit,’ and Cott. Cleop. B. XIII, f. 146 b.

[1219] Mon. Franc. I, 52.

[1220] Ibid. 54; Barth. of Pisa, fol. 79, 80; 126, ‘miraculis pluribus decoratus.’

[1221] Mon. Franc. I, 5-7, 7, 9, 10, 27. I have found no authority for the form ‘Kingesthorp’ which Leland, and his followers Bale and Pits, substitute for Ingewrthe, except a late marginal note in Phillipps MS. 3119, f. 71.

[1222] Mon. Franc. I, 6, 7, 9, 10. Bale’s statement that R. of Devon and W. Eton ‘seipsos castrabant’ is probably without any foundation, so far as the former is concerned; see William of Esseby.

[1223] Mon. Franc. I, 15. In the Phillipps MS. of Eccleston he is called ‘Ada de Exonia’ (fol. 72 b).

[1224] Ibid. 15-16.

[1225] ‘_Toto famosus orbe_,’ probably when Eccleston wrote, i.e. after Adam’s death.

[1226] ‘In die conversionis Sancti Pauli;’ Mon. Franc. I, 15.

[1227] ‘Fuit autem tunc socius Magistri Adae de Marisco et ad robas suas;’ ibid.

[1228] Ibid. 16.

[1229] Letter II (pp 17-21): Grostete was then Archdeacon of Leicester, an office which he resigned in 1231.

[1230] Mon. Franc. I, 16.

[1231] Ibid. 15.

[1232] See Grosseteste, Epistolae, Nos. I, XXXVIII, and p. 449.

[1233] Mon. Franc. I, 45, 47.

[1234] Ib. 25, 32.

[1235] Ibid. 549, cf. p. 32: ‘Fratrem Albertum in loco Leycestriae ... recepit.’ Leland’s notes are from the Phillipps MS. of Eccleston, which differs in some respects from the Cotton and York MSS. But Phillipps MS. fol. 74 adds in a marginal note in an old hand, ‘obiit autem in Acria, plenus dierum.’

[1236] Ibid. 25.

[1237] Annals of Dunstable, anno 1233 (Ann. Monast. III, 133-4).

[1238] Annals of Osney, p. 70 (Ann. Monast. Vol. IV)

[1239] Ibid. 82; cf. Mon. Franc. I, 16. M. Paris under the year 1241 writes, ‘the Abbat of Osney smitten with pusillanimity of mind, left the Order of the great doctor Augustine and migrated to the Order of Minors, wishing to try the novelty;’ IV, 163.

[1240] Liber Conform. fol. 79 b.

[1241] Mon. Franc. I, 320 (letter 178); for the date see p. 139, n. 8.

[1242] _Chronica Fratris Jordani_ in Anal. Franc. I, 17, 18.

[1243] Mon. Franc. I, 54; Wadding, Annales III, 22. The period of his ministry in Germany is given by Jordan, Anal. Franciscana I, 11, 16; the authority for his ministry in Spain is Chronica Anonyma, ibid. 284.

[1244] Mon. Franc. I, 53, 54.

[1245] Ibid. 55.

[1246] Ibid. 60.

[1247] Ibid. 38.

[1248] Ibid. 58, 47.

[1249] The list of General Ministers in the Reg. Fratrum Minorum Londoniae states: ‘Frater Albertus Pisanus fuit iv{us} generalis, et ministravit tribus annis; qui prius fuit minister in provincia Angliae.’ Mon. Franc. I, 553. Eccleston mentions no space of time, but states that Haymo was made Minister of England in the same Chapter in which Albert was elected General, that he ‘ministered one year in England, and was afterwards elected General’ (ibid. 57, 59). There is no reason to suppose that Haymo resigned the Provincialate before he became General. The early dates in the Registrum are untrustworthy. Further, a note to the Phillipps MS. of Eccleston (fol. 76, _dorse_) says, in a list of General Ministers: ‘quintus fuit frater Albertus de Pysis bonus et sanctus homo qui non vixit in ministerio nisi sex mensibus et migravit ad dominum.’ The handwriting of the note is about contemporary with that of the text.

[1250] Mon. Franc. I, 48, 58.

[1251] Mon. Franc. I, 58. Eccleston gives a somewhat confused account of the vision relating to the event; the vision seems to have appeared to Haymo. See Annals of Tewkesbury (R.S.), _sub anno_ 1239; and Mon. Franc. I, 542 (A. D. 1239).

[1252] M. Paris, Chron. Majora, IV, 163; Hist. Angl. II, 374: ‘Magister Radulphus de Madenestane, vir quidem moralis et eliganter literatus, sed ordini Praedicatorum (!) fidei interpositione obligatus.’ Barth. of Pisa, Lib. Conform. f. 82, 101b; an account of the vision in consequence of which he became a Minorite.

[1253] Liber Conform. f. 79b.

[1254] M. Paris, Chron. Majora, III, 168; cf. ibid. III, 305. Lyte, Oxford, p. 31.

[1255] Mon. Franc. I, 59, note 1. This passage does not occur in the Phillipps MS. of Eccleston.

[1256] Ann. Monast. III, pp. 148, 156.

[1257] Mon. Franc. I, 59, n. 1.

[1258] Mon. Franc. I, 72; Phillipps MS. f. 80 b reads _pueri_ for _plurimi_ in line 3.

[1259] Mon. Franc. I, 62.

[1260] See Part I, chapter vi.

[1261] ‘Ut plurimum erubesceret,’ Mon. Franc. I, 72.

[1262] Ibid. 59.

[1263] Ibid.

[1264] Ibid. 69.

[1265] Ibid. 38, 69, Part I, chapter v.

[1266] Part I, chapter ii.

[1267] Mon. Franc. I, 68.

[1268] Mon. Franc. I, 70.

[1269] Mon. Franc. I, 32. Eccleston says this took place in the Chapter of Genoa, i.e. either 1244, or 1254. But the letter of Innocent IV here referred to was published on Nov. 14, 1245 while W. of Nottingham and Elias, who was also mentioned (_ibid._), were dead before 1254: see Ehrle, Archiv für Litt. u. Kirch. Gesch. Vol. VI, p. 31, n. 6. The declaration of the rule by Gregory IX (_Quo elongati_) is given in Wadding II, 244: that by Innocent IV, _ibid._ III, 1 29.

[1270] Ibid. 70, 303.

[1271] Ibid. 373.

[1272] Ibid. 70.

[1273] English Historical Review for Oct. 1891.

[1274] Mon. Franc. I, 70.

[1275] Ibid. 71. Cf. declaration of the Rule by Innocent IV, on debts; Wadding, III, 129-130.

[1276] Mon. Franc. I, 59.

[1277] To whom it is attributed by the Reg. Frat. Minorum Lond. Mon. Franc. I. 538.

[1278] Tanner, Bibl. 183. MSS. Oxford, St. John’s Coll. 2, prologue; Mag. Coll. 160 _in calce_ (see Coxe’s Catalogues); and Brit. Mus. Royal MS. 4 E, ii.

[1279] Mon. Franc. I, 314-5.

[1280] Ibid. 315, 374, 395.

[1281] Ibid. 360, 364: ‘Cui me spiritualiter inter mortales teneri fateor.’

[1282] Ibid. 317, 393.

[1283] Ibid. 38.

[1284] Ibid. 32.

[1285] Ibid. 70.

[1286] Ibid. 307, 368, 380.

[1287] Ibid.

[1288] Ibid. 369. Cf. Bodl. Tanner MS. 223, f. 161, a license from Innocent IV to the Friars accompanying the Archbishop, ‘equitare et subtelares et capas portare,’ Aug. 2, 1249.

[1289] Mon. Franc. I, 380.

[1290] Mon. Franc. I, 357-8.

[1291] Ibid. 349.

[1292] Ibid. 137, 320, 333, 388, 405.

[1293] Mon. Franc. I, Letters clxxv, ccxiv, ccxv. He may have been a Frenchman by birth.

[1294] Ibid. 118.

[1295] Ibid. 229.

[1296] Ibid. 133.

[1297] Ibid. 133, 137.

[1298] Ibid. 103, 118.

[1299] Ibid. I, 28.

[1300] Ibid. 53.

[1301] Ibid. 308.

[1302] Ibid. 353-5.

[1303] Mon. Franc. 28.

[1304] Ibid. 355, ‘in scriptis et eloquiis tam fratribus quam saecularibus utilis et acceptus.’

[1305] Ibid. 364.

[1306] Lewis, Topog. Dict. Cf. Mon. Franc. I, lxvi. The name Eccleston occurs in the title of the York MS., Mon. Franc. I, p. 1.

[1307] Mon. Franc. I, p. 9; cf. 17.

[1308] Ibid. 39.

[1309] Ibid. 10, 13, 71, &c.

[1310] Ibid. p. 1, p. lxvi, Jessopp, ‘The Coming of the Friars.’

[1311] Mon. Franc. I, p. 1.

[1312] Ibid. 66, 70.

[1313] Hist. Regum Angl. pp. 29, 82. In John Argentein’s _Loci communes_, written about 1476 (MS. Ashmole, 1437, p. 155) is the note: ‘Hic Rogerus fuit filius Fugardi, et creditur quod erat Rogerus Baconus natus apud Witnam juxta Oxoniam.’

[1314] Ibid. 82, ‘de generosa prosapia.’ Op. Ined. pp. 13, 16: ‘Misi igitur fratri meo diviti in terra mea, qui ex parte regis consistens, cum matre mea et fratribus et tota familia exulavit, et pluries hostibus deprehensus se redemit pecunia; et ideo destructus et depauperatus, non potuit me juvare, nec etiam usque ad hunc diem habui responsum ab eo.’ Cf. ibid. p. 10.

[1315] Op. Ined. p. 65.

[1316] The report that he was educated at Brasenose Hall is merely a tradition founded on a foolish legend. Historical fictions die hard. In 1889, Mr. W. L. Courtney writes in the _Fortnightly Review_, Vol. XLVI, p. 255, R. Bacon ‘seems to have been educated at Brasenose College in Oxford, although Merton College has also laid claim to the honour of his youthful learning.’ Merton College was not founded till Roger was advanced in years; Brasenose College was founded more than two centuries after his death.

[1317] Chron. Majora, IV, 244-5.

[1318] Comp. Stud. Theol. Royal MS. 7, f. vii, f. 154 (quoted in Charles, p. 412; Brewer, p. lv). The origin of the tradition that Roger wrote a life of St. Edmund seems to be a passage in M. Paris, Chron. Maj. V, 369, where the historian says that he was supplied with details for the life of St. Edmund by _Robert_ Bacon. The confusion between the two Bacons is continually recurring. Even in Luard’s edition of Grostete’s Letters there is an unfortunate misprint; on p. 65 Roger Bacon should be Robert.

[1319] Op. Ined. pp. 70, 75, 82, 88, 91, 186-7, 329, 428, 472, 474.

[1320] Ibid. 327, 425.

[1321] Ibid. 13, 65.

[1322] Ibid. 59; he writes in 1267, ‘Nam per viginti annos quibus specialiter laboravi in studio sapientiae, neglecto sensu vulgi,’ &c.

[1323] Ibid.: this seems almost incredible; the Parisian _libra_ at this time appears, from Paucton and Le Blanc, to have been a sum of 20 _solidi_, not (as Plumptre asserts) ‘a silver coin about the size of the more modern franc.’

[1324] See Part I, chapter vii.

[1325] Op. Ined. 325. A. of Hales died 1245.

[1326] Charles, p. 10; Op. Ined. p. 74.

[1327] Opus Majus, p. 190 (edition of 1750).

[1328] Hist. Reg. Angl. p. 82.

[1329] Op. Ined. p. 7, ‘famam studii quam retroactis temporibus obtinui.’ His name does not occur in the list of masters of the Friars Minors at Oxford; a note appended to that list says, that ‘according to other chronicles the fourth master is not mentioned here nor have I elsewhere found his name.’ Mon. Franc. I, 552; Phillipps MS. 3119, fol. 76. May not this have been Roger Bacon? That his name should be suppressed is not to be wondered at. (The Reg. of Friars Minors at London adds after the name of John of Parma, General Minister, 1247-1256: ‘Hic etiam scripsit fratri Rogero Bakon tractatum qui incipit, “Innominato magistro.”’ This treatise usually ascribed to Bonaventura is really addressed to a secular.)

[1330] Op. Ined. p. 7; Charles, 24-25.

[1331] See below.

[1332] Op. Ined. p. xiv, seq.

[1333] Ibid. p. 1.

[1334] Ibid. p. 13.

[1335] This statute was included in the _Constitutiones Generales_, passed in the General Chapter of Narbonne, 1260; the fast imposed was of three days’ duration; Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. d. Mittelalters, Vol. VI, p. 110.

[1336] Op. Ined. p. xciv, from Wood’s _Antiquitates_ (said to be taken from the _Opus Minus_).

[1337] Op. Ined. p. xlvi. Bacon’s difficulties are fully described in Brewer’s preface.

[1338] Charles, p. 35.

[1339] See below; and Brewer, Op. Ined. xlviii, seq.

[1340] Op. Ined. p. lv.

[1341] Charles, 36-7; Wadding, II, 449. No record or contemporary account of the trial remains.

[1342] This tradition receives some support from a note appended to the _Verbum abbreviatum_ of Raymund Gaufredi, Sloane MS. 276 (sec. xiv), printed in _Sanioris Medicinae ... de arte chymiae_, &c., Frankfurt, 1603, p. 285: ‘Et ipse Rogerus propter istud opus ex praecepto dicti Reymundi a fratribus ejusdem ordinis erat captus et imprisonatus. Sed Reymundus exsolvit Rogerum a carcere quia docuit eum istud opus.’ Cf. ibid. p. 265, and Sloane MS. 692, f. 46.

[1343] Namely, _Compendium studii thelogiae_.

[1344] In Royal MS. 13 C i, fol. 152, is the following note in a hand of the 15th or 16th century: ‘Anno Christi 1292 in festo Sancti Barnabe (June 11) obiit Rogerus Bacon professor theologie et quasi eruditus ut magister in octo scienciis liberalibus ubi alii clerici non posuerunt preter vii sciencie’ (‘scie’ in MS.).

[1345] Hist. Reg. Angl. p. 29.

[1346] John Twyne says that the friars at Oxford fastened all his works with long nails to the shelves of their library and let them rot there. Jebb reasonably calls the accuracy of this statement in question, Op. Majus, p. xi (ed. 1750). Bacon’s influence however on his age was slight: ‘not a doctor of the 13th or 14th century,’ says Charles, p. 42, ‘quotes Bacon; not one combats or approves his opinions.’ In an anonymous treatise, _De recuperatione sanctae Terrae_, addressed to Edward III, c. 1370, the author recommends the study of mathematics, ‘propter plures earum utilitates, praecipue tactas in libello super utilitatibus hujusmodi confecto per fratrem Rogerum Bacon de ordine Minorum;’ printed in Bongars, Orientalis Hist. Tom. Secund. (1611), p. 339. W. Woodford refers to his ‘curious book,’ _De retardatione senectutis_, Brown, Fasc. Rerum, Vol. I, p. 197. Some of his contemporaries, such as Bungay, Peckham, William de Mara, seem to have been more generally influenced by him.

[1347] Cf. MS. Sloane 2629, f. 54 b; _inc._ ‘Moralis philosophia est finis omnium Scientiarum aliarum’; only a few lines.

[1348] Charles, Roger Bacon, p. 62, n. 7: I have not seen this edition and can get no information about it.

[1349] Op. Ined. 60. ‘Patet igitur quod scriptum principale non potui mittere.’

[1350] Charles is somewhat inconsistent; in spite of Bacon’s words, ‘tertia parte hujus operis,’ he refers the two treatises to separate works--the _Communia Naturalium_ to the _Opus Tertium_, the _De multiplicatione_ (rightly) to the fourth part of the _Compendium Philosophiae_ (pp. 61, 89).

[1351] _Sanioris medicinae_, p. 7, where a passage on alchemy is quoted.

[1352] Digby MS. 55 contains a treatise on grammar falsely attributed to Bacon; _inc._ ‘Scientia est ordinatio depicta in anima.’ See Opera Ined. p. lxv.

[1353] Royal MS. 7 F vii (see above) speaks of eight sciences, i.e. including what Bacon calls ‘scientia de communibus naturalibus.’

[1354] See the works under the heading, _Alchemy_: cf. ‘Excerpta ex libro sex scientiarum’ in _Sanioris medicinae_, &c. (Frankfurt, 1603), p. 7: ‘Quarta vero scientia non modicam habet utilitatem ... et est Alchymia speculativa.’

[1355] The _Breve Breviarium_ includes a treatise _De vegetabilibus et sensibilibus_, and another _De medicinis et curis corporum_; edition of 1603, pp. 228 and 156; MS. Bodl. E Musaeo 155, pp. 549 and 553.

[1356] Printed in Opera Ined. p. 359 seq.

[1357] The special treatise on alchemy in this work does not seem to be extant. Cap. vii of the _Communia Naturalium_ begins, ‘_De generacione._ Habito ergo de principiis naturalibus generacionis.’

[1358] Sloane MS. 3744, p. 71 (sec. xv) contains _Errores secundum Bacon_. _Inc._ ‘Scito enim quod omne corpus aut est elementum aut ex elementis compositum.’ According to Charles (p. 71) this is the _De Erroribus medicorum_.

[1359] Charles, R. Bacon, p. 76. It is often, perhaps rightly, attributed to John de Rupescissa.

[1360] Brewer reads, ‘Explicit liber tertius De Consideratione quartae Sententiae S. Magistri per Rogerum Bacon,’ &c. His whole account of this MS. is not very trustworthy; Op. Ined. p. xxxix.

[1361] Cf. MSS. Sloane 284 (sec. xiv), 477 (A. D. 1309), and 2411; Digby 150 (sec. xiii), f. 106, ‘_Extracciones a Thezauro pauperum_, libro scil. preceptorum medicinalium.’

[1362] John of London was a master, and contemporary of Roger’s; Op. Ined. p. 34. ‘Juvenis Johannes’ was aged 20 or 21 in 1267, and had no experience in teaching, ibid. 61.

[1363] The dates are conclusive; Peckham entered the Order as a young man, not as a boy, in the lifetime of Adam Marsh; Mon. Franc. I, 256. ‘Juvenis Johannes’ was about 12 years old when Adam died.

[1364] Op. Ined. 63.

[1365] Ibid. 61.

[1366] Ibid.

[1367] Ibid. 62.

[1368] Namely, a treatise on rays, Op. Ined. p. 230, and an elaborate one on mathematics and judicial astrology, ibid. 270; John took also a concave lens, ibid. p. 111.

[1369] Ibid. 62.

[1370] MS. Gray’s Inn Libr. 7, f. 62, ‘a quadam villa proxima que dicitur Herteford.’

[1371] MS. Gray’s Inn Libr. 7, f. 62.

[1372] Ottobon came to England in November, 1265, and left in July, 1268.

[1373] _Miracula Symonis de Montfort_, p. 96 (Camden Soc. 1840).

[1374] Ibid. p. 95.

[1375] Hardy, Descript. Catal. Vol. III, p. 207, No. 352. Wadding, Script. 218, Sup. ad Script. p. 667.

[1376] Twyne, MS. XXII, 103 c. (Defensorium, cap. 62). Perhaps he is the ‘Frater G. de Ver’ who was at the London convent, c. 1250, Mon. Franc. I, 328.

[1377] Bale (I, 323) and Pits.

[1378] Pits calls him S.T.P. of Oxford; his name does not occur in the list of Franciscan masters. Wadding (VI, 48) says that Duns Scotus was made S.T.P. at Oxford when Ware was called to Paris. This is incorrect; Duns was never doctor of Oxford; see notice of him.

[1379] Dugdale, Monast. Vol. VI, Part III, p. 1529 (from Fr. a S. Clara).

[1380] Barth. of Pisa, Liber Conform. f. 81, ‘Johannes Guarro Anglicus magister Scoti.’ Duns Scotus mentions him twice in his works, Wadding, VI, 45. Cf. Bibl. S. Antonii, at Padua, MS. _in Pluteo_ XXII, _in calce_: ‘Varro professionis Minoritae Doctorum Jubar et praeceptor Divi Scoti famosus’; quoted by Tomasin, p. 60 b.

[1381] Willot, Athenae, p. 166.

[1382] Collectanea, III, 51.

[1383] A ‘Richard Middleton’ was fellow of Merton _sub_ Edw. III; of course he is not to be confounded with the Minorite doctor.

[1384] Wadding, IV, 54, 121. Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. III, 417. This date is sufficient to show that he cannot have finished the _Summa_ of Alexander of Hales at the command of Pope Alexander IV, as Davenport (Francis a S. Clara) alleges, Opera, Tom. I, Hist. Minor, p. 12. The _Summa_ was finished by Friar William of Middleton, D.D. of Paris (and probably fifth master of the Franciscans at Cambridge), who died 1261, Wadding, IV, 57; Lanerc. Chron. 70; Mon. Franc. I, 555.

[1385] Archiv, &c., II, 296 (from Angelus de Clarino, Hist. Tribulat.).

[1386] Wadding, VI, 13; and Willot, Athenae.

[1387] Athenae, 314-315; the two last epithets are applied to him in the edition of his Quodlibets printed at Venice in 1509.

[1388] Wadding, Sup. ad. Script. 633; this is the earliest instance which I have found of the special application of any such title to Richard Middleton.

[1389] It is always assumed that he was an Englishman; the available evidence on the point is slight. MS. Borghes. 322, f. 174 a (sec. xiv) has the note: ‘Hic loquitur (Petrus J. Olivi) stulte contra fratrem G. de Mara et communem opinionem.’ MS. Borghes. 358, f. 227 b (sec. xiv): ‘Magister Guillelmus de Anglia habet duas sententias in instrumentis duobus datas contra doctrinam P(etri) J(oannis) ...’ &c. The second William here is probably W. de Mara (Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. III, 472-3). B. of Pisa and Tritheim say nothing about his nationality. The name was not uncommon in England; see e.g. Pat. Roll, 10 Edw. I, m. 7 dorse; Le Neve, Fasti, vol. iii; cf. forest of Mara, or Delamere in Cheshire.

[1390] Charles, Roger Bacon, p. 240. Cf. B. of Pisa, Liber Conform. fol. 81: ‘scripsit ... contra fratrem Thomam de Aquino correctorium componendo.’

[1391] Wadding, Sup. ad Script. 323.

[1392] This reply was printed at Cologne, 1624 (Charles, ibid.), and at Cordova in 1701. See Merton Coll. MS. 267; MS. in Bibl. S. Anton. Venet. in pluteo xviii; Boston of Bury, in Tanner, Bibl. p. xxxviii.

[1393] Charles, Roger Bacon, pp. 240-1.

[1394] Anal. Franc. II, 115.

[1395] ‘Scripsit super sententias ad opus domini fratris Bonaventure multa superaddendo et multa quodlibeta faciendo.’ B. of Pisa, Liber Conform. f. 81: cf. Tanner, Bibl. 223.

[1396] Other works attributed to him by Sbaralea (Wadding, Sup. ad Script.), viz. _Paraphrasis Musaei_ and _Sylvarum libri quatuor_, are by W. de Mara, Bishop of Constance in the fifteenth century.

[1397] Peckham’s Reg. p. 1040.

[1398] Part I, chapter i.

[1399] Report IV, pp. 442-4.

[1400] Oliver, Monasticon Diocesis Exon. p. 331. He is not to be confused with his namesake, the opponent of Ockham: he may possibly be the author of the _Tractatus de octo Beatitudinibus_ in MS. Laud. Misc. 368, fol. 106 (sec. xiv).

[1401] Cf. Inquisitio ad quod damnum 20 Edw. I (Nov. 1291), in Mon. Franc. II, 289.

[1402] His name does not occur in the list of _lectores_, as it probably would have done had he been a Franciscan; this inference however cannot be drawn with any certainty.

[1403] Rolls of Parliament, I, 16 a. Lyte, p. 127. The name of ‘Frater Willelmus de Leominstre’ stands first in the list of the five _magistri_ who represented the University.

[1404] Script. II, 98. Cf. MS. Seld. sup. 64, fol. 48, ‘ex officina Joannis Cocke.’

[1405] Excheq. Q. R. Wardrobe, 4/7, 17-18 Edw. I (R.O.): ‘per manus fratrum Johannis de Bekinkham et Johannis de Clara xvi{li}. xiii{s} iiii{d}.’

[1406] Peckham, Regist. p. 895.

[1407] Excheq. Q. R. Wardrobe, 4/7 (R.O.).

[1408] Excheq. Q. R. Wardrobe, 8/2, m. 1.

[1409] Ibid. 13/35 (m. 1): ‘ffratri Johanni de Clare de ordine Minorum pro expensis suis et conductione equitature pro se et socio suo eundo cum magna festinacione ad diversa loca pro fratre Hugone de Hertpoul ministro ordinis sui querendo ad consensum expedicioni negociorum predictorum prestandum per manus proprias apud Berkhamstede eodem die (March 29) xxiiij{s} iij{d}.’ The business mentioned was connected with a bequest to the Mendicant Orders by Edmund, Earl of Cornwall.

[1410] MS. Digby 154, fol. 38.

[1411] Kennet’s Parochial Antiquities, I, 362.

[1412] MS. Digby 154, fol. 37 b.

[1413] Mon. Franc. I, 556.

[1414] Mon. Franc. I, 514.

[1415] Exchequer, Q. R. Wardrobe, Accts. 16/14, 35 Edw. I. (R.O.)

[1416] Mon. Franc. I, 512-3. See ibid. 518: ‘Octavam fenestram vitrari fecit frater Henricus de Sutton, gardianus.’

[1417] MS. New Coll., Oxford, 92; among other preachers mentioned is Simon of Gaunt, Chancellor of the University in 1291.

[1418] Wood MS. F 29 a, f. 178 (i.e. Wood-Clark, II, 386).

[1419] Ibid., and Mon. Franc. I, 552.

[1420] Wood MS. ibid.

[1421] There is no evidence as to the place of his birth (the note which Leland triumphantly quotes--Merton Coll. MS. 59--was written in 1455, and contains the baseless statement that he was fellow of Merton College); and the only evidence of his nationality is the name ‘Scotus,’ and a note in the catalogue of the library at Assisi, written 1381: ‘Opus super quatuor libros sententiarum mag. fratris Johannis Scoti de Ordine Minorum qui et doctor subtilis nuncupatur, de provincia Hiberniae.’

[1422] Wood-Clark, II, 386. He must have attained the age of thirty by this time; Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. VI, pp. 128-9.

[1423] Wadding (VI, p. 48) cites some passages bearing on the date. Duns’ great work on the _Sentences_ is called _Scriptum Oxoniense_, but I do not know how far the name can be traced back; Merton Coll. MSS. 60, 61, 62, date from the middle of the 15th century. Barth. of Pisa however says: ‘Hic primo in Anglia Oxonie Sentencias legit. Deinde in studio Parisiensi.’

[1424] He says, e. g. on the authority of the letter, that Duns was at Paris in 1304; the letter implies exactly the opposite; he was in ‘some province other than the province of France.’

[1425] Wadding, VI, 51, from Petrus Rodulphus, ‘qui eas ex ipso exscripsit autographo.’

[1426] Wadding, VI, 107.

[1427] Ibid. 51. The passage is usually understood to refer to his regency at Paris. No record of the Chapter remains.

[1428] Ibid. 116. The statement that he died at the age of 34 or 43 is a pure guess. The tradition of his having been buried alive when in a trance is found in St. Bernardin of Siena; Wadding, VI, 114.

[1429] Liber Conform. f. 81.

[1430] Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. I, 368, n. 1. Ehrle adds that the epithet occurs in some MSS. which he puts in the first half of the fourteenth century; ibid.

[1431] See the critical notice prefixed to each work in the Lyons edition; and _Hist. Litt._ Vol. XXV, pp. 426-446.

[1432] Rejected by Wadding without good reason: _Hist. Litt._ xxv, 447.

[1433] Twyne MS. XXII, 103 c.

[1434] Wood MS. F 29 a, 178: ‘Rob. de Couton’ is the eighteenth in the list of twenty-two names.

[1435] ‘_Doctor amoenus_ vulgo vocatus est.’ Pits, p. 443 (anno 1340).

[1436] I have not found any mention of Robert Cowton in any foreign library, unless ‘Cathon’ in Bibl. Nat. Paris MSS. 15886-7, be for Cowton. Valentinelli proposes to identify Cowton with ‘Frater ven. doctor Robertus Anglicus ordinis Minorum,’ the author of a _Dialogus de formalitatibus inter Ochanistam et Dumsistam_ (sic): _inc._ ‘quod verbis vituperii satis abundas’; MS. Venice; St. Mark, Vol. I. Class. V, Cod. 24 (sec. xv). The author was probably later than Cowton; perhaps Robert Eliphat.

[1437] Ann. Min. VI, 176: Wadding refers vaguely to ‘Irish MSS.’ Cf. Bale, Script. II, 242-3. Dict. of Nat. Biography.

[1438] Willot, Athenae, 83. Bale, Vol. II, p. 52: ‘Sophisticus doctor et scriptor antiquus.’ William Woodford refers on several occasions to ‘Doctor antiquus’ on the _Sentences_; Harl. MS. 31, f. 79, &c.

[1439] Bale gives these notes in MS. Seld. sup. 64, fol. 16 b: _Brynkeley ... scripsit distinctiones theologicas_, lib. I; ‘Ad sciendam primam originem et finalem’; _ex Ramesiensi monasterio. Brenkyll Minorita scripsit lecturam sententiarum_, lib. IV; ‘Utrum per aliquam disciplinam vel scientiam’; _ex Coll. Regine Oxon. Brinquilis Minorita anglus scripsit super sententias_, lib. IV; ‘Sit aliqua conclusio theologica’; _Ex bibl. Carmel. Parisiensium._

[1440] Mon. Franc. I, 543; Brodrick, Mem. of Merton Coll., 197-8; Bale, Script. I, 391.

[1441] Tanner, Bibl. 150. All Souls MS. 87 (A. D. 1473), ‘Joannis Scoti discipulus.’ The note in Peterhouse MS. 2-4-2, ‘studiit Oxon et Paris,’ is in a late sixteenth-century hand.

[1442] Wood-Clark, II, 402.

[1443] At the end of the work in this edition: ‘Expliciunt questiones super octo libris phisicorum Aristotilis doctoris profundissimi fratris Johannis canonici ordinis fratrum minorum Anno 1475 ... Padue impresse.’ At the end of the volume: ‘... compilatum a domino iohanne marbres magistro in artibus tholose et canonico,’ &c. The _explicit_ of Book I and