Chapter L: F. Ward (23)

Na`ta*to"rial (?), a. Inclined or adapted to swim; swimming; as, natatorial birds.

Na`ta*to"ri*ous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Adapted for swimming; -- said of the legs of certain insects.

||Na`ta*to"rium (?), n. [L.] A swimming bath.

Na"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. natatorius.] Adapted for swimming or floating; as, natatory organs.

Natch (?), n. [OF. nache fesse, LL. natica, from L. natis the rump, buttocks. Cf. Aitchbone.] The rump of beef; esp., the lower and back part of the rump.

Natch bone, the edgebone, or aitchbone, in beef.

Natch"ez (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who formerly lived near the site of the city of Natchez, Mississippi. In 1729 they were subdued by the French; the survivors joined the Creek Confederacy.

Natch"nee (?), n. (Bot.) An annual grass (Eleusine coracona), cultivated in India as a food plant.

||Na"tes (?), n. pl. [L., the buttocks.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The buttocks. ||(b) The two anterior of the four lobes on the dorsal side of the ||midbrain of most mammals; the anterior optic lobes.

2. (Zoöl.) The umbones of a bivalve shell.

Nath (?). [Contr. fr. ne hath,] hath not. [Obs.]

Nath"less (?), adv. [OE. natheles, na the les, not the less, AS. n never. See Na, The, conj., and cf. Nevertheless.] Nevertheless. [Archaic] Chaucer. Milton. E. Arnold.

Nath"more` (?), adv. [OE. na the more.] Not the more; never the more. [Obs.] penser.

Nat"i*ca (?), n.; pl. Naticas (&?;), L. NaticÆ (- s). (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of marine gastropods belonging to Natica, Lunatia, Neverita, and other allied genera (family Naticidæ.) They burrow beneath the sand, or mud, and drill other shells.

Nat"i*coid (?), a. [Natica + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like or belonging to Natica, or the family Naticidæ.

Na"tion (?), n. [F. nation, L. natio nation, race, orig., a being born, fr. natus, p. p. of nasci, to be born, for gnatus, gnasci, from the same root as E. kin. √44. See Kin kindred, and cf. Cognate, Natal, Native.] 1. (Ethnol.) A part, or division, of the people of the earth, distinguished from the rest by common descent, language, or institutions; a race; a stock.

All nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues.

Rev. vii. 9.

2. The body of inhabitants of a country, united under an independent government of their own.

A nation is the unity of a people.

Coleridge.

Praise the power that hath made and preserved us a nation.

F. S. Key.

3. Family; lineage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (a) One of the divisions of university students in a classification according to nativity, formerly common in Europe. (b) (Scotch Universities) One of the four divisions (named from the parts of Scotland) in which students were classified according to their nativity.

5. A great number; a great deal; -- by way of emphasis; as, a nation of herbs. Sterne.

Five nations. See under Five. -- Law of nations. See International law, under International, and Law.

Syn. -- people; race. See People.

Na"tion*al (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. national.] 1. Of or pertaining to a nation; common to a whole people or race; public; general; as, a national government, language, dress, custom, calamity, etc.

2. Attached to one's own country or nation.

National anthem, a popular song or hymn which has become by general acceptance the recognized musical expression of the patriotic sentiment of a nation; as, "God save the King" is called the national anthem of England. -- National bank, the official common name of a class of banking corporations established under the laws of the United States. -- National flag. See under Flag. -- National guard, a body of militia, or a local military organization, as in Paris during the French Revolution, or as certain bodies of militia in other European countries and in the United States. -- National salute, a salute consisting of as many guns as there are States in the Union. [U.S.]

Na"tion*al*ism (?), n. 1. The state of being national; national attachment; nationality.

2. An idiom, trait, or character peculiar to any nation.

3. National independence; the principles of the Nationalists.

Na"tion*al*ist, n. One who advocates national unity and independence; one of a party favoring Irish independence.

Na`tion*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Nationalities (#). [Cf. F. nationalité.] 1. The quality of being national, or strongly attached to one's own nation; patriotism.

2. The sum of the qualities which distinguish a nation; national character.

3. A race or people, as determined by common language and character, and not by political bias or divisions; a nation.

the fulfillment of his mission is to be looked for in the condition
of nationalities and the character of peoples.

H. W. Beecher.

4. Existence as a distinct or individual nation; national unity and integrity.

5. The state or quality of belonging to or being connected with a nation or government by nativity, character, ownership, allegiance, etc.

Na`tion*al*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of nationalizing, or the state of being nationalized.

Na"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nationalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nationalizing (?).] [Cf. F. nationaliser.] To make national; to make a nation of; to endow with the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar sentiments and attachment of citizens of a nation.

Na"tion*al*ly, adv. In a national manner or way; as a nation. "The jews . . . being nationally espoused to God by covenant." South.

Na"tion*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being national; nationality. Johnson.

Na"tive (?), a. [F. natif, L. nativus, fr. nasci, p. p. natus. See Nation, and cf. Naïve, Nelf a serf.] 1. Arising by birth; having an origin; born. [Obs.]

Anaximander's opinion is, that the gods are native, rising and
vanishing again in long periods of times.

Cudworth.

2. Of or pertaining to one's birth; natal; belonging to the place or the circumstances in which one is born; -- opposed to foreign; as, native land, language, color, etc.

3. Born in the region in which one lives; as, a native inhabitant, race; grown or originating in the region where used or sold; not foreign or imported; as, native oysters, or strawberries.

4. Original; constituting the original substance of anything; as, native dust. Milton.

5. Conferred by birth; derived from origin; born with one; inherent; inborn; not acquired; as, native genius, cheerfulness, simplicity, rights, etc.

Courage is native to you.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

6. Naturally related; cognate; connected (with). [R.]

the head is not more native to the heart, . . . Than is the throne
of Denmark to thy father.

Shak.

7. (Min.) (a) Found in nature uncombined with other elements; as, native silver. (b) Found in nature; not artificial; as native sodium chloride.

Native American party. See under American, a. -- Native bear (Zoöl.), the koala. -- Native bread (Bot.), a large underground fungus, of Australia (Mylitta australis), somewhat resembling a truffle, but much larger. -- Native devil. (Zoöl.) Same as Tasmanian devil, under Devil. -- Native hen (Zoöl.), an Australian rail (Tribonyx Mortierii). -- Native pheasant. (Zoöl.) See Leipoa. -- Native rabbit (Zoöl.), an Australian marsupial (Perameles lagotis) resembling a rabbit in size and form. -- Native sloth (Zoöl.), the koala. -- Native thrush (Zoöl.), an Australian singing bird (Pachycephala olivacea); -- called also thickhead. -- Native turkey (Zoöl.), the Australian bustard (Choriotis australis); -- called also bebilya.

Syn. -- Natural; natal; original; congential. -- Native, Natural, Natal. natural refers to the nature of a thing, or that which springs therefrom; native, to one's birth or origin; as, a native country, language, etc.; natal, to the circumstances of one's birth; as, a natal day, or star. Native talent is that which is inborn; natural talent is that which springs from the structure of the mind. Native eloquence is the result of strong innate emotion; natural eloquence is opposed to that which is studied or artificial.

Na"tive (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, is born in a place or country referred to; a denizen by birth; an animal, a fruit, or vegetable, produced in a certain region; as, a native of France.

2. (Stock Breeding) Any of the live stock found in a region, as distinguished from such as belong to pure and distinct imported breeds. [U.S.]

Na"tive*ly, adv. By natural or original condition; naturally; originally.

Na"tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being native.

Na"tiv*ism (?), n. 1. The disposition to favor the native inhabitants of a country, in preference to immigrants from foreign countries.

2. (Philos.) The doctrine of innate ideas, or that the mind possesses forms of thought independent of sensation.

Na"tiv*ist (?), n. An advocate of nativism.

Na`tiv*is"tic (?), a. Relating to nativism.

Na*tiv"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Nativies (#). [F. nativité, L. nativitas. See Native, and cf. NaïvetÉ.] 1. The coming into life or into the world; birth; also, the circumstances attending birth, as time, place, manner, etc. Chaucer.

I have served him from the hour of my nativity.

Shak.

Thou hast left . . . the land of thy nativity.

Ruth ii. 11.

These in their dark nativity the deep Shall yield us, pregnant with
infernal flame.

Milton.

2. (Fine Arts) A picture representing or symbolizing the early infancy of Christ. The simplest form is the babe in a rude cradle, and the heads of an ox and an ass to express the stable in which he was born.

3. (Astrol.) A representation of the positions of the heavenly bodies as the moment of one's birth, supposed to indicate his future destinies; a horoscope.

The Nativity, the birth or birthday of Christ; Christmas day. -- To cast, or calculate, one's nativity (Astrol.), to find out and represent the position of the heavenly bodies at the time of one's birth.

Nat"ka (?), a. (Zoöl.) A species of shrike.

Na"tri*um (?), n. [NL. See Natron.] (Chem.) The technical name for sodium.

Na"tro*lite (?; 277), n. [Natron + -lite: cf. F. natrolithe.] (Min.) A zeolite occuring in groups of glassy acicular crystals, and in masses which often have a radiated structure. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and soda.

Na"tron (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. natron, Ar. natrn, nitrn. Cf. Niter, Anatron.] (Min.) Native sodium carbonate. [Written also anatron.]

Nat"ter (?), v. i. [Cf. Icel. knetta to grumble.] To find fault; to be peevish. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]

Nat"ter*jack` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A European toad (Bufo calamita), having a yellow line along its back.

Nat"ty (?), a. [Cf. Neat clean.] Neat; tidy; spruce. [Colloq.]

-- Nat"ti*ly, adv. -- Nat"ti*ness, n.

Nat"u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See Nature.] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential; characteristic; not artificial, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired; as, the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color.

With strong natural sense, and rare force of will.

Macaulay.

2. Conformed to the order, laws, or actual facts, of nature; consonant to the methods of nature; according to the stated course of things, or in accordance with the laws which govern events, feelings, etc.; not exceptional or violent; legitimate; normal; regular; as, the natural consequence of crime; a natural death.

What can be more natural than the circumstances in the behavior of
those women who had lost their husbands on this fatal day?

Addison.

3. Having to do with existing system to things; dealing with, or derived from, the creation, or the world of matter and mind, as known by man; within the scope of human reason or experience; not supernatural; as, a natural law; natural science; history, theology.

I call that natural religion which men might know . . . by the mere
principles of reason, improved by consideration and experience,
without the help of revelation.

Bp. Wilkins.

4. Conformed to truth or reality; as: (a) Springing from true sentiment; not artificial or exaggerated; -- said of action, delivery, etc.; as, a natural gesture, tone, etc. (b) Resembling the object imitated; true to nature; according to the life; -- said of anything copied or imitated; as, a portrait is natural.

5. Having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's position; not unnatural in feelings.

To leave his wife, to leave his babes, . . . He wants the natural
touch.

Shak.

6. Connected by the ties of consanguinity. "Natural friends." J. H. Newman.

7. Begotten without the sanction of law; born out of wedlock; illegitimate; bastard; as, a natural child.

8. Of or pertaining to the lower or animal nature, as contrasted with the higher or moral powers, or that which is spiritual; being in a state of nature; unregenerate.

The natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God.

1 Cor. ii. 14.

9. (Math.) Belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to, some system, in which the base is 1; -- said or certain functions or numbers; as, natural numbers, those commencing at 1; natural sines, cosines, etc., those taken in arcs whose radii are 1.

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10. (Mus.) (a) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human throat, in distinction from instrumental music. (b) Of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major. (c) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but little from the original key. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Natural day, the space of twenty-four hours. Chaucer.

-- Natural fats, Natural gas, etc. See under Fat, Gas. etc. -- Natural Harmony (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common chord. -- Natural history, in its broadest sense, a history or description of nature as a whole, incuding the sciences of botany, zoölogy, geology, mineralogy, paleontology, chemistry, and physics. In recent usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of botany and zoölogy collectively, and sometimes to the science of zoology alone. -- Natural law, that instinctive sense of justice and of right and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated human law. -- Natural modulation (Mus.), transition from one key to its relative keys. -- Natural order. (Nat. Hist.) See under order. -- Natural person. (Law) See under person, n. -- Natural philosophy, originally, the study of nature in general; in modern usage, that branch of physical science, commonly called physics, which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by any change of a chemical nature; -- contrasted with mental and moral philosophy. -- Natural scale (Mus.), a scale which is written without flats or sharps. Model would be a preferable term, as less likely to mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales represented by the use of flats and sharps) being equally natural with the so-called natural scale -- Natural science, natural history, in its broadest sense; -- used especially in contradistinction to mental or moral science. -- Natural selection (Biol.), a supposed operation of natural laws analogous, in its operation and results, to designed selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in the survival of the fittest. The theory of natural selection supposes that this has been brought about mainly by gradual changes of environment which have led to corresponding changes of structure, and that those forms which have become so modified as to be best adapted to the changed environment have tended to survive and leave similarly adapted descendants, while those less perfectly adapted have tended to die out though lack of fitness for the environment, thus resulting in the survival of the fittest. See Darwinism. -- Natural system (Bot. & Zoöl.), a classification based upon real affinities, as shown in the structure of all parts of the organisms, and by their embryology.

It should be borne in mind that the natural system of botany is
natural only in the constitution of its genera, tribes, orders,
etc., and in its grand divisions.

Gray.

-- Natural theology, or Natural religion, that part of theological science which treats of those evidences of the existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from revealed religion. See Quotation under Natural, a., 3. -- Natural vowel, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir, her, etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest open position of the mouth organs. See Neutral vowel, under Neutral and Guide to Pronunciation, § 17.

Syn. -- See Native.

Nat"u*ral (?; 135), n. 1. A native; an aboriginal. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. pl. Natural gifts, impulses, etc. [Obs.] Fuller.

3. One born without the usual powers of reason or understanding; an idiot. "The minds of naturals." Locke.

4. (Mus.) A character [] used to contradict, or to remove the effect of, a sharp or flat which has preceded it, and to restore the unaltered note.

Nat"u*ral*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. naturalisme.] 1. A state of nature; conformity to nature.

2. (Metaph.) The doctrine of those who deny a supernatural agency in the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in spiritual influences; also, any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature to a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by one intelligent will.

Nat"u*ral*ist, n. [Cf. F. naturaliste.] 1. One versed in natural science; a student of natural history, esp. of the natural history of animals.

2. One who holds or maintains the doctrine of naturalism in religion. H. Bushnell.

Nat`u*ral*is"tic (?), a. 1. Belonging to the doctrines of naturalism.

2. Closely resembling nature; realistic. "Naturalistic bit of pantomime." W. D. Howells.

Nat`u*ral"i*ty (?), n. [L. naturalitas: cf. F. naturalité.] Nature; naturalness. [R.]

Nat`u*ral*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. naturalisation.] The act or process of naturalizing, esp. of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native or citizen; also, the state of being naturalized.

Nat"u*ral*ize (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Naturalized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Naturalizing (#).] [Cf. F. naturaliser. See Natural.] 1. To make natural; as, custom naturalizes labor or study.

2. To confer the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen on; to make as if native; to adopt, as a foreigner into a nation or state, and place in the condition of a native subject.

3. To receive or adopt as native, natural, or vernacular; to make one's own; as, to naturalize foreign words.

4. To adapt; to accustom; to habituate; to acclimate; to cause to grow as under natural conditions.

Its wearer suggested that pears and peaches might yet be
naturalized in the New England climate.

Hawthorne.

Nat"u*ral*ize, v. i. 1. To become as if native.

2. To explain phenomena by natural agencies or laws, to the exclusion of the supernatural.

Infected by this naturalizing tendency.

H. Bushnell.

Nat"u*ral*ly, adv. In a natural manner or way; according to the usual course of things; spontaneously.

Nat"u*ral*ness, n. The state or quality of being natural; conformity to nature.

Na"ture (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. natura, fr. natus born, produced, p. p. of nasci to be born. See Nation.] 1. The existing system of things; the world of matter, or of matter and mind; the creation; the universe.

But looks through nature up to nature's God.

Pope.

Nature has caprices which art can not imitate.

Macaulay.

2. The personified sum and order of causes and effects; the powers which produce existing phenomena, whether in the total or in detail; the agencies which carry on the processes of creation or of being; -- often conceived of as a single and separate entity, embodying the total of all finite agencies and forces as disconnected from a creating or ordering intelligence.

I oft admire How Nature, wise and frugal, could commit Such
disproportions.

Milton.

3. The established or regular course of things; usual order of events; connection of cause and effect.

4. Conformity to that which is natural, as distinguished from that which is artificial, or forced, or remote from actual experience.

One touch of nature makes the whole world kin.

Shak.

5. The sum of qualities and attributes which make a person or thing what it is, as distinct from others; native character; inherent or essential qualities or attributes; peculiar constitution or quality of being.

Thou, therefore, whom thou only canst redeem, Their nature also to
thy nature join, And be thyself man among men on earth.

Milton.

6. Hence: Kind, sort; character; quality.

A dispute of this nature caused mischief.

Dryden.

7. Physical constitution or existence; the vital powers; the natural life. "My days of nature." Shak.

Oppressed nature sleeps.

Shak.

8. Natural affection or reverence.

Have we not seen The murdering son ascend his parent's bed, Through
violated nature foce his way?

Pope.

9. Constitution or quality of mind or character.

A born devil, on whose nature Nurture can never stick.

Shak.

That reverence which is due to a superior nature.

Addison.

Good nature, Ill nature. see under Good and Ill. -- In a state of nature. (a) Naked as when born; nude. (b) In a condition of sin; unregenerate. (c) Untamed; uncvilized. -- Nature printng, a process of printing from metallic or other plates which have received an impression, as by heavy pressure, of an object such as a leaf, lace, or the like. -- Nature worship, the worship of the personified powers of nature. -- To pay the debt of nature, to die.

Na"ture, v. t. To endow with natural qualities. [Obs.]

He [God] which natureth every kind.

Gower.

Na"tured (?; 135), a. Having (such) a nature, temper, or disposition; disposed; -- used in composition; as, good-natured, ill-natured, etc.

Na"ture*less (?), a. Not in accordance with nature; unnatural. [Obs.] Milton.

Na"tur*ism (?), n. (Med.) The belief or doctrine that attributes everything to nature as a sanative agent.

Na"tur*ist, n. One who believes in, or conforms to, the theory of naturism. Boyle.

Na*tu"ri*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being produced by nature. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Na"tur*ize (?), v. t. To endow with a nature or qualities; to refer to nature. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Nau"frage (?; 48), n. [F., fr. L. naufragium; navis + frangere.] Shipwreck; ruin. [Obs.] acon.

Nau"fra*gous (?), a. [L. naufragus. See Naufrage.] causing shipwreck. [Obs.] r. Taylor.

Naught (?), n. [OE. naught, nought, naht, nawiht, AS. n&?;wiht, n&?;uht, n&?;ht; ne not + &?; ever + wiht thing, whit; hence, not ever a whit. See No, adv. Whit, and cf. Aught, Not.] 1. Nothing. [Written also nought.]

Doth Job fear God for naught?

Job i. 9.

2. The arithmetical character 0; a cipher. See Cipher.

To set at naught, to treat as of no account; to disregard; to despise; to defy; to treat with ignominy. "Ye have set at naught all my counsel." Prov. i. 25.

Naught, adv. In no degree; not at all. Chaucer.

To wealth or sovereign power he naught applied.

Fairfax.

Naught, a. 1. Of no value or account; worthless; bad; useless.

It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer.

Prov. xx. 14.

Go, get you to your house; begone, away! All will be naught else.

Shak.

Things naught and things indifferent.

Hooker.

2. Hence, vile; base; naughty. [Obs.]

No man can be stark naught at once.

Fuller.

Naugh"ti*ly (?), adv. In a naughty manner; wickedly; perversely. Shak.

Naugh"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being naughty; perverseness; badness; wickedness.

I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart.

1 Sam. xvii. 28.

Naught"ly (?), adv. Naughtily; wrongly. [Obs.]

because my parents naughtly brought me up.

Mir. for Mag.

Naugh"ty (?), a. [Compar. Naughtier (?); superl. Naughtiest.] 1. Having little or nothing. [Obs.]

[Men] that needy be and naughty, help them with thy goods.

Piers Plowman.

2. Worthless; bad; good for nothing. [Obs.]

The other basket had very naughty figs.

Jer. xxiv. 2.

3. hence, corrupt; wicked. [Archaic]

So shines a good deed in a naughty world.

Shak.

4. Mischievous; perverse; froward; guilty of disobedient or improper conduct; as, a naughty child.

This word is now seldom used except in the latter sense, as applied to children, or in sportive censure.

Nau"ma*chy (?), n. [L. naumachia, Gr. &?;; &?; ship + &?; fight, battle, &?; to fight.] 1. A naval battle; esp., a mock sea fight.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) A show or spectacle representing a sea fight; also, a place for such exhibitions.

||Nau"pli*us (?), n.; pl. Nauplii (#). [L., a kind of shellfish, fr. ||Gr. &?; ship + &?; to sail.] (Zoöl.) A crustacean larva having three ||pairs of locomotive organs (corresponding to the antennules, antennæ, ||and mandibles), a median eye, and little or no segmentation of the ||body.

Nau`ro*pom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; ship + &?; inclination + -meter.] (Naut.) An instrument for measuring the amount which a ship heels at sea.

Naus"co*py (?), n. [Gr. &?; ship + - scopy: cf. F. nauscopie.] (Naut.) The power or act of discovering ships or land at considerable distances.

Nau"se*a (? or &?;), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; ship. See Nave of a church, and cf. Noise.] Seasickness; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach accompanied with a propensity to vomit; qualm; squeamishness of the stomach; loathing.

Nau"se*ant (?), n. [L. nauseans, p. pr. Of nauseare.] (Med.) A substance which produces nausea.

Nau"se*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nauseated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nauseating.] [L. nauseare, nauseatum, fr. nausea. See Nausea.] To become squeamish; to feel nausea; to turn away with disgust.

Nau"se*ate, v. t. 1. To affect with nausea; to sicken; to cause to feel loathing or disgust.

2. To sicken at; to reject with disgust; to loathe.

The patient nauseates and loathes wholesome foods.

Blackmore.

Nau`se*a"tion (?), n. The act of nauseating, or the state of being nauseated.

Nau"se*a*tive (? or &?;), a. Causing nausea; nauseous.

Nau"seous (?; 277), a. [L. nauseosus.] Causing, or fitted to cause, nausea; sickening; loathsome; disgusting; exciting abhorrence; as, a nauseous drug or medicine. -- Nau"seous*ly, adv. -- Nau"seous*ness, n.

The nauseousness of such company disgusts a reasonable man.

Dryden.

||Nautch (?), n. [Hind. nch, fr. Skr. ntya dance.] An entertainment ||consisting chiefly of dancing by professional dancing (or Nautch) ||girls. [India]

Nau"tic (?), a. [See Nautical.] Nautical.

Nau"tic*al (?), a. [L. nauticus, Gr. naytiko`s, fr. nay`ths a seaman, sailor, fr. nay^s ship: cf. F. nautique. See Nave of a church.] Of or pertaining to seamen, to the art of navigation, or to ships; as, nautical skill.

Syn. -- Naval; marine; maritime. See Naval.

Nautical almanac. See under Almanac. -- Nautical distance, the length in nautical miles of the rhumb line joining any two places on the earth's surface. -- nautical mile. See under Mile.

Nau"tic*al*ly, adv. In a nautical manner; with reference to nautical affairs.

Nau"ti*form (?), a. [Gr. nay^s ship + -form.] Shaped like the hull of a ship.

Nau"ti*lite (?), n. (paleon.) A fossil nautilus.

Nau"ti*loid (?), a. [Nautilus + -oid: cf. F. nautiloïde.] (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the nautilus; shaped like a nautilus shell. -- n. A mollusk, or shell, of the genus Nautilus or family Nautilidæ.

Nau"ti*lus (?), n.; pl. E. Nautiluses (#), L. Nautili (#). [L., fr. Gr. nayti`los a seaman, sailor, a kind of shellfish which was supposed to be furnished with a membrane which served as a sail; fr. nay^s ship. See Nave of a church.] 1. (Zoöl.) The only existing genus of tetrabranchiate cephalopods. About four species are found living in the tropical Pacific, but many other species are found fossil. The shell is spiral, symmetrical, and chambered, or divided into several cavities by simple curved partitions, which are traversed and connected together by a continuous and nearly central tube or siphuncle. See Tetrabranchiata.

The head of the animal bears numerous simple tapered arms, or tentacles, arranged in groups, but not furnished with suckers. The siphon, unlike, that of ordinary cephalopods, is not a closed tube, and is not used as a locomotive organ, but merely serves to conduct water to and from the gill cavity, which contains two pairs of gills. The animal occupies only the outer chamber of the shell; the others are filled with gas. It creeps over the bottom of the sea, not coming to the surface to swim or sail, as was formerly imagined.

2. The argonaut; -- also called paper nautilus. See Argonauta, and Paper nautilus, under Paper.

3. A variety of diving bell, the lateral as well as vertical motions of which are controlled, by the occupants.

Na"va*joes (?), n. pl.; sing. Navajo (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians inhabiting New Mexico and Arizona, allied to the Apaches. They are now largely engaged in agriculture.

Na"val (?), a. [L. navalis, fr. navis ship: cf. F. naval. See Nave of a church.] Having to do with shipping; of or pertaining to ships or a navy; consisting of ships; as, naval forces, successes, stores, etc.

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Naval brigade, a body of seamen or marines organized for military service on land. -- Naval officer. (a) An officer in the navy. (b) A high officer in some United States customhouses. -- Naval tactics, the science of managing or maneuvering vessels sailing in squadrons or fleets.

Syn. -- Nautical; marine; maritime. -- Naval, Nautical. Naval is applied to vessels, or a navy, or the things which pertain to them or in which they participate; nautical, to seamen and the art of navigation. Hence we speak of a naval, as opposed to a military, engagement; naval equipments or stores, a naval triumph, a naval officer, etc., and of nautical pursuits or instruction, nautical calculations, a nautical almanac, etc.

Na"vals (?), n. pl. Naval affairs. [Obs.]

Na"varch (?), n. [L. navarchus, Gr. nay`archo`s; nay^s ship + 'archo`s chief.] (Gr. Antiq.) The commander of a fleet. Mitford.

Na"varch*y (?), n. [Gr. nayarchi`a.] Nautical skill or experience. [Obs.] Sir W. Petty.

Na`var*rese" (? or &?;), a. Of or pertaining to Navarre. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Navarre; the people of Navarre.

Nave (nv), n. [AS. nafu; akin to D. naaf, G. nabe, OHG. naba, Icel. nöf, Dan. nav, Sw. naf, Skr. nbhi nave and navel: cf. L. umbo boss of a shield. &radic;260. Cf. Navel.] 1. The block in the center of a wheel, from which the spokes radiate, and through which the axle passes; -- called also hub or hob.

2. The navel. [Obs.] hak.

Nave, n. [F. nef, fr. L. navis ship, to which the church was often likened; akin to Gr. nay`archo`s, Skr. nus, and perh. to AS. naca boat, G. nachen, Icel. nökkvi; cf. L. nare to swim, float. Cf. Nausea, Nautical, Naval.] (Arch.) The middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances, or, if there are no transepts, from the choir to the principal entrance, but not including the aisles.

Na"vel (n"v'l), n. [AS. nafela, fr. nafu nave; akin to D. navel, G. nabel, OHG. nabolo, Icel. nafli, Dan. navle, Sw. nafle, L. umbilicus, Gr. 'omfalo`s, Skr. nbhla. &radic;260. See Nave hub, and cf. Omphalic, Nombril, Umbilical.] 1. (Anat.) A mark or depression in the middle of the abdomen; the umbilicus. See Umbilicus.

2. The central part or point of anything; the middle.

Within the navel of this hideous wood, Immured in cypress shades, a
sorcerer dwells.

Milton.

3. (Gun.) An eye on the under side of a carronade for securing it to a carriage.

Navel gall, a bruise on the top of the chine of the back of a horse, behind the saddle. Johnson. -- Navel point. (Her.) Same as Nombril.

Na"vel-string` (?), n. The umbilical cord.

Na"vel*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European perennial succulent herb (Cotyledon umbilicus), having round, peltate leaves with a central depression; -- also called pennywort, and kidneywort.

Na"vew (?), n. [OE. navel, naveau, a dim. fr. L. napus navew. Cf. Napiform.] (Bot.) A kind of small turnip, a variety of Brassica campestris. See Brassica. [Writen also naphew.]

Na*vic"u*lar (?), a. [L. navicularius, fr. navicula, dim. of navis ship: cf. F. naviculaire.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a boat or ship.

2. Shaped like a boat; cymbiform; scaphoid; as, the navicular glumes of most grasses; the navicular bone.

Navicular bone. (Anat.) (a) One of the middle bones of the tarsus, corresponding to the centrale; -- called also scaphoid. (b) A proximal bone on the radial side of the carpus; the scaphoid. -- Navicular disease (Far.), a disease affecting the navicular bone, or the adjacent parts, in a horse's foot.

Na*vic"u*lar, n. (Anat.) The navicular bone.

Nav`i*ga*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. navigabilité.] The quality or condition of being navigable; navigableness.

Nav"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. navigabilis: cf. F. navigable. See Navigate.] Capable of being navigated; deep enough and wide enough to afford passage to vessels; as, a navigable river.

By the common law, a river is considered as navigable only so far as the tide ebbs and flows in it. This is also the doctrine in several of the United States. In other States, the doctrine of the civil law prevails, which is, that a navigable river is a river capable of being navigated, in the common sense of the term. Kent. Burrill.

-- Nav"i*ga*ble*ness, n. -- Nav"i*ga*bly, adv.

Nav"i*gate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Navigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Navigating.] [L. navigatus, p. p. of navigare, v.t. & i.; navis ship + agere to move, direct. See Nave, and Agent.] To journey by water; to go in a vessel or ship; to perform the duties of a navigator; to use the waters as a highway or channel for commerce or communication; to sail.

The Phenicians navigated to the extremities of the Western Ocean.

Arbuthnot.

Nav"i*gate, v. t. 1. To pass over in ships; to sail over or on; as, to navigate the Atlantic.

2. To steer, direct, or manage in sailing; to conduct (ships) upon the water by the art or skill of seamen; as, to navigate a ship.

Nav`i*ga"tion (?), n. [L. navigatio: cf. F. navigation.] 1. The act of navigating; the act of passing on water in ships or other vessels; the state of being navigable.

2. (a) the science or art of conducting ships or vessels from one place to another, including, more especially, the method of determining a ship's position, course, distance passed over, etc., on the surface of the globe, by the principles of geometry and astronomy. (b) The management of sails, rudder, etc.; the mechanics of traveling by water; seamanship.

3. Ships in general. [Poetic] Shak.

Aërial navigation, the act or art of sailing or floating in the air, as by means of ballons; aëronautic. -- Inland navigation, Internal navigation, navigation on rivers, inland lakes, etc.

Nav"i*ga`tor (?), n. One who navigates or sails; esp., one who direct the course of a ship, or one who is skillful in the art of navigation; also, a book which teaches the art of navigation; as, Bowditch's Navigator.

Na*vig"er*ous (?), a. [L. naviger; navis ship + gerere to bear.] Bearing ships; capable of floating vessels. [R.] Blount.

Nav"vy (?), n.; pl. Navies (#). [Abbreviated fr. navigator.] Originally, a laborer on canals for internal navigation; hence, a laborer on other public works, as in building railroads, embankments, etc. [Eng.]

Na"vy (?); n.; pl. Navies (#). [ OF. navie, fr. L. navis ship. See Nave of a church.] 1. A fleet of ships; an assemblage of merchantmen, or so many as sail in company. "The navy also of Hiram, that brought gold from Ophir." 1 kings x. 11.

2. The whole of the war vessels belonging to a nation or ruler, considered collectively; as, the navy of Italy.

3. The officers and men attached to the war vessels of a nation; as, he belongs to the navy.

Navy bean. see Bean. -- Navy yard, a place set apart as a shore station for the use of the navy. It often contains all the mechanical and other appliences for building and equipping war vessels and training their crews.

||Na*wab" (?), n. [See Nabob.] A deputy ruler or viceroy in India; ||also, a title given by courtesy to other persons of high rank in the ||East.

Nawl (?), n. [See Nall.] An awl. [Obs.] usser.

Nay (?), adv. [Icel. nei; akin to E. no. See No, adv.] 1. No; -- a negative answer to a question asked, or a request made, now superseded by no. See Yes.

And eke when I say "ye," ne say not "nay."

Chaucer.

I tell you nay; but except ye repent, ye shall all likewisr perish.

Luke xiii. 3.

And now do they thrust us out privily? nay, verily; but let them
come themselves and fetch us out.

Acts xvi. 37.

He that will not when he may, When he would he shall have nay.

Old Prov.

Before the time of Henry VIII. nay was used to answer simple questions, and no was used when the form of the question involved a negative expression; nay was the simple form, no the emphatic. Skeat.

2. Not this merely, but also; not only so, but; -- used to mark the addition or substitution of a more explicit or more emphatic phrase.

Nay in this sense may be interchanged with yea. "Were he my brother, nay, my kingdom's heir." Shak.

Nay, n.; pl. Nays (&?;). 1. Denial; refusal.

2. a negative vote; one who votes in the negative.

It is no nay, there is no denying it. [Obs.] haucer.

Nay, v. t. & i. To refuse. [Obs.] Holinshed.

||Na*yaur" (?), n. (Zoöl.) A specied of wild sheep (Ovis Hodgsonii), ||native of Nepaul and Thibet. It has a dorsal mane and a white ruff ||beneath the neck.

Nayt (?), v. t. [Icel. neita.] To refuse; to deny. [Obs.] "He shall not nayt ne deny his sin." Chaucer.

Nay"ward (?), n. The negative side. [R.]

Howe'er you lean to the nayward.

Shak.

Nay"word` (?), n. A byword; a proverb; also, a watchword. [Obs.] hak.

Naz`a*rene" (?), n. [L. Nazarenus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; Nazareth.] 1. A native or inhabitant of Nazareth; -- a term of contempt applied to Christ and the early Christians.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Judaizing Christians in the first and second centuries, who observed the laws of Moses, and held to certain heresies.

Naz"a*rite (?), n. A Jew bound by a vow to lave the hair uncut, to abstain from wine and strong drink, and to practice extraordinary purity of life and devotion, the obligation being for life, or for a certain time. The word is also used adjectively.

Naz"a*rite*ship, n. The state of a Nazarite.

Naz`a*rit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a Nazarite, or to Nazarites.

Naz"a*ri*tism (?; 277), n. The vow and practice of a Nazarite.

Naze (?), n. [See Ness.] A promontory or headland.

Naz"i*rite (?), n. A Nazarite.

Ne (?), adv. [AS. ne. See No.] Not; never. [Obs.]

He never yet no villany ne said.

Chaucer.

Ne was formerly used as the universal adverb of negation, and survives in certain compounds, as never (= ne ever) and none (= ne one). Other combinations, now obsolete, will be found in the Vocabulary, as nad, nam, nil. See Negative, 2.

Ne, conj. [See Ne, adv.] Nor. [Obs.] Shak.

No niggard ne no fool.

Chaucer.

Ne . . . ne, neither . . . nor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Neaf (?), n. See 2d Neif. Shak.

Neal (?), v. t. To anneal. [R.] Chaucer.

Neal, v. i. To be tempered by heat. [R.] Bacon.

Neap (?), n. [Cf. Neb, Nape.] The tongue or pole of a cart or other vehicle drawn by two animals. [U.S.]

Neap (?), a. [As. npfld neap flood; cf. hnipian to bend, incline.] Low.

Neap tides, the lowest tides of the lunar month, which occur in the second and fourth quarters of the moon; -- opposed to spring tides.

Neap, n. A neap tide.

High springs and dead neaps.

Harkwill.

Neaped (?), a. (Naut.) Left aground on the height of a spring tide, so that it will not float till the next spring tide; -- called also beneaped.

Ne`a*pol"i*tan (?), a. [L. Neapolitanus, fr. Neapolis Naples, Gr. &?;, lit., New town.] Of of pertaining to Naples in Italy. -- n. A native or citizen of Naples.

Near (nr), adv. [AS. neár, compar. of neáh nigh. See Nigh.] 1. At a little distance, in place, time, manner, or degree; not remote; nigh.

My wife! my traitress! let her not come near me.

Milton.

2. Nearly; almost; well-nigh. "Near twenty years ago." Shak. "Near a fortnight ago." Addison.

Near about the yearly value of the land.

Locke.

3. Closely; intimately. Shak.

Far and near, at a distance and close by; throughout a whole region. -- To come near to, to want but little of; to approximate to. "Such a sum he found would go near to ruin him." Addison.

-- Near the wind (Naut.), close to the wind; closehauled.

Near (?), a. [Compar. Nearer (?); superl. Nearest.] [See Near, adv.] 1. Not far distant in time, place, or degree; not remote; close at hand; adjacent; neighboring; nigh. "As one near death." Shak.

He served great Hector, and was ever near, Not with his trumpet
only, but his spear.

Dryden.

2. Closely connected or related.

She is thy father's near kinswoman.

Lev. xviii. 12.

3. Close to one's interests, affection, etc.; touching, or affecting intimately; intimate; dear; as, a near friend.

4. Close to anything followed or imitated; not free, loose, or rambling; as, a version near to the original.

5. So as barely to avoid or pass injury or loss; close; narrow; as, a near escape.

6. Next to the driver, when he is on foot; in the Unted States, on the left of an animal or a team; as, the near ox; the near leg. See Off side, under Off, a.

7. Immediate; direct; close; short. "The nearest way." Milton.

8. Close-fisted; parsimonious. [Obs. or Low, Eng.]

Near may properly be followed by to before the thing approached'; but more frequently to is omitted, and the adjective or the adverb is regarded as a preposition. The same is also true of the word nigh.

Syn. -- Nigh; close; adjacent; proximate; contiguous; present; ready; intimate; dear.

Near, prep. Adjacent to; close by; not far from; nigh; as, the ship sailed near the land. See the Note under near, a.

Near, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neared (?); p. pr. & vb. n Nearing.] [See Near, adv.] To approach; to come nearer; as, the ship neared the land.

Near, v. i. To draw near; to approach.

A speck, a mist, a shape, I wist! And still it neared, and neared.

Coleridge.

Ne*arc"tic (?), a. [Neo + arctic.] Of or pertaining to a region of the earth's surface including all of temperate and arctic North America and Greenland. In the geographical distribution of animals, this region is marked off as the habitat certain species.

Near"hand` (?), a. & adv. Near; near at hand; closely. [Obs. or Scot.] Bacon.

Near"-legged` (?), a. Having the feet so near together that they interfere in traveling. Shak.

Near"ly, adv. In a near manner; not remotely; closely; intimately; almost.

Near"ness, n. The state or quality of being near; -- used in the various senses of the adjective.

Near"sight`ed (?), a. Seeing distinctly at short distances only; shortsighted. -- Near"sight`ed*ness, n. See Myopic, and Myopia.

Neat (?), n. sing. & pl. [AS. neát; akin to OHG. n&?;z, Icel. naut, Sw. nöt, Dan. nöd, and to AS. neótan to make use of, G. geniessen, Goth. niutan to have a share in, have joy of, Lith. nauda use, profit.] (Zoöl.) Cattle of the genus Bos, as distinguished from horses, sheep, and goats; an animal of the genus Bos; as, a neat's tongue; a neat's foot. Chaucer.

Wherein the herds[men] were keeping of their neat.

Spenser.

The steer, the heifer, and the calf Are all called neat.

Shak.

A neat and a sheep of his own.

Tusser.

Neat's-foot, an oil obtained by boiling the feet of neat cattle. It is used to render leather soft and pliable.

Neat, a. [See neat, n.] Of or pertaining to the genus Bos, or to cattle of that genus; as, neat cattle.

Neat, a. [Compar. Neater (?); superl. Neatest.] [OE. nett, F. nett, fr. L. nitidus, fr. nitere to shine. Cf. Nitid, Net, a., Natty.] 1. Free from that which soils, defiles, or disorders; clean; cleanly; tidy.

If you were to see her, you would wonder what poor body it was that
was so surprisingly neat and clean.

Law.

2. Free from what is unbecoming, inappropriate, or tawdry; simple and becoming; pleasing with simplicity; tasteful; chaste; as, a neat style; a neat dress.

3. Free from admixture or adulteration; good of its kind; as, neat brandy. "Our old wine neat." Chapman.

4. Excellent in character, skill, or performance, etc.; nice; finished; adroit; as, a neat design; a neat thief.

5. With all deductions or allowances made; net. [In this sense usually written net. See Net, a., 3.]

neat line (Civil Engin.), a line to which work is to be built or formed. -- Neat work, work built or formed to neat lines.

Syn. -- Nice; pure; cleanly; tidy; trim; spruce.

'Neath (? or &?;), prep. & adv. An abbreviation of Beneath. [Poetic]

Neat"herd` (?), n. A person who has the care of neat cattle; a cowherd. Dryden.

Neat"house` (?), n. A building for the shelter of neat cattle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Massinger.

Neat"i*fy (?), v. t. [Neat, a. + -fy.] To make neat. [Obs.] olland.

Neat"ly, adv. In a neat manner; tidily; tastefully.

neat"ness, n. The state or quality of being neat.

Neat"ress (?), n. [From neat cattle.] A woman who takes care of cattle. [R.] Warner.

Neb (?), n. [AS. nebb head, face; akin to D. neb, Icel. nef, beak of a bird, nose, Dan. næb beak, bill, Sw. näbb, näf, and prob. also to D. sneb, snavel, bill, beak, G. schnabel, Dan. & Sw. snabel, and E. snap. Cf. Nib, Snap, Snaffle.] The nose; the snout; the mouth; the beak of a bird; a nib, as of a pen. [Also written nib.] Shak.

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||Ne*ba"li*a (?), n. [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.) A genus of ||small marine Crustacea, considered the type of a distinct order ||(Nebaloidea, or Phyllocarida.)

Neb"-neb` (?), n. Same as Bablh.

Neb"u*la (?), n.; pl. Nebulæ (#). [L., mist, cloud; akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, cloud, mist, G. nebel mist, OHG. nebul, D. nevel, Skr. nabhas cloud, mist. Cf. Nebule.] 1. (Astron.) A faint, cloudlike, self- luminous mass of matter situated beyond the solar system among the stars. True nebulæ are gaseous; but very distant star clusters often appear like them in the telescope.

2. (Med.) (a) A white spot or a slight opacity of the cornea. (b) A cloudy appearance in the urine. [Obs.]

Neb"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to nebulæ; of the nature of, or resembling, a nebula.

Nebular hypothesis, an hypothesis to explain the process of formation of the stars and planets, presented in various forms by Kant, Herschel, Laplace, and others. As formed by Laplace, it supposed the matter of the solar system to have existed originally in the form of a vast, diffused, revolving nebula, which, gradually cooling and contracting, threw off, in obedience to mechanical and physical laws, succesive rings of matter, from which subsequently, by the same laws, were produced the several planets, satellites, and other bodies of the system. The phrase may indicate any hypothesis according to which the stars or the bodies of the solar system have been evolved from a widely diffused nebulous form of matter.

Neb"u*la`ted (?), a. Clouded with indistinct color markings, as an animal.

Neb`u*la"tion (?), n. The condition of being nebulated; also, a clouded, or ill-defined, color mark.

Neb"ule (?), n. [Cf. F. nébule. See nebula.] A little cloud; a cloud. [Obs.]

O light without nebule.

Old Ballad.

{ ||Né`bu`lé" (?), Neb"u*ly (?) }, a. [F. nébulé.] (Her.) Composed of successive short curves supposed to resemble a cloud; -- said of a heraldic line by which an ordinary or subordinary may be bounded.

Neb`u*li*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) The act or process of nebulizing; atomization.

Neb"u*lize (?), v. t. [See Nebula.] To reduce (as a liquid) to a fine spray or vapor; to atomize.

Neb"u*li`zer (?), n. An atomizer.

Neb"u*lose` (?), a. Nebulous; cloudy. Derham.

Neb`u*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. nebulositas: cf. F. nébulosité] 1. The state or quality of being nebulous; cloudiness; haziness; mistiness; nebulousness.

The nebulosity . . . of the mother idiom.

I. Disraeli.

2. (Astron.) (a) The stuff of which a nebula is formed. (b) A nebula.

Neb"u*lous (?), a. [L. nebulosus: cf. F. nébuleux. See Nebula.] 1. Cloudy; hazy; misty.

2. (Astron.) Of, pertaining to, or having the appearance of, a nebula; nebular; cloudlike.

-- Neb"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Neb"u*lous*ness, n.

Neb"u*ly, n. (Her. & Arch.) A line or a decoration composed of successive short curves or waves supposed to resemble a cloud. See Nébulé

Nec`es*sa"ri*an (?), n. [Cf. F. nécessarien. See Necessary.] An advocate of the doctrine of philosophical necessity; a necessitarian.

Nec`es*sa"ri*an, a. Of or pertaining to necessarianism.

Nec`es*sa"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine of philosophical necessity; necessitarianism. Hixley.

Nec"es*sa*ri*ly (?), adv. In a necessary manner; by necessity; unavoidably; indispensably.

Nec"es*sa*ri*ness, n. The quality of being necessary.

Nec"es*sa*ry (?), a. [L. necessarius, from necesse unavoidable, necessary; of uncertain origin: cf. F. nécessaire.] 1. Such as must be; impossible to be otherwise; not to be avoided; inevitable.

Death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come.

Shak.

2. Impossible to be otherwise, or to be dispensed with, without preventing the attainment of a desired result; indispensable; requisite; essential. "'T is necessary he should die." Shak.

A certain kind of temper is necessary to the pleasure and quiet of
our minds.

Tillotson.

3. Acting from necessity or compulsion; involuntary; -- opposed to free; as, whether man is a necessary or a free agent is a question much discussed.

Nec"es*sa*ry, n.; pl. Necessaries (&?;). 1. A thing that is necessary or indispensable to some purpose; something that one can not do without; a requisite; an essential; -- used chiefly in the plural; as, the necessaries of life.

2. A privy; a water-closet.

3. pl. (Law) Such things, in respect to infants, lunatics, and married women, as are requisite for support suitable to station.

Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the doctrine of philosophical necessity in regard to the origin and existence of things, especially as applied to the actings or choices of the will; -- opposed to libertarian.

Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an, n. One who holds to the doctrine of necessitarianism.

Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine of philosophical necessity; the doctrine that results follow by invariable sequence from causes, and esp. that the will is not free, but that human actions and choices result inevitably from motives; determinism. M. Arnold.

Ne*ces"si*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Necessitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Necessitating (?).] [Cf. L. necessitatus, p. p. of necessitare, and F. nécessiter. See Necessity.] 1. To make necessary or indispensable; to render unavoidable.

Sickness [might] necessitate his removal from the court.

South.

This fact necessitates a second line.

J. Peile.

2. To reduce to the necessity of; to force; to compel.

The Marquis of Newcastle, being pressed on both sides, was
necessitated to draw all his army into York.

Clarendon.

Ne*ces`si*tat"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. nécessitation.] The act of making necessary, or the state of being made necessary; compulsion. [R.] bp. Bramhall.

Ne*ces"si*tied (?), a. In a state of want; necessitous. [Obs.] Shak.

Ne*ces"si*tous (?), a. [Cf. F. nécessiteux.] 1. Very needy or indigent; pressed with poverty.

Necessitous heirs and penurious parents.

Arbuthnot.

2. Narrow; destitute; pinching; pinched; as, necessitous circumstances.

-- Ne*ces"si*tous*ly, adv. -- Ne*ces"si*tous*ness, n.

Ne*ces"si*tude (?), n. [L. necessitudo, fr. necesse. See Necessray.] 1. Necessitousness; want. Sir M. Hale.

2. Necessary connection or relation.

Between kings and their people, parents and their children, there
is so great a necessitude, propriety, and intercourse of nature.

Jer. Taylor.

Ne*ces"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Necessities (#). [OE. necessite, F. nécessité, L. necessitas, fr. necesse. See Necessary.] 1. The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite; inevitableness; indispensableness.

2. The condition of being needy or necessitous; pressing need; indigence; want.

Urge the necessity and state of times.

Shak.

The extreme poverty and necessity his majesty was in.

Clarendon.

3. That which is necessary; a necessary; a requisite; something indispensable; -- often in the plural.

These should be hours for necessities, Not for delights.

Shak.

What was once to me Mere matter of the fancy, now has grown The
vast necessity of heart and life.

Tennyson.

4. That which makes an act or an event unavoidable; irresistible force; overruling power; compulsion, physical or moral; fate; fatality.

So spake the fiend, and with necessity, The tyrant's plea, excused
his devilish deeds.

Milton.

5. (Metaph.) The negation of freedom in voluntary action; the subjection of all phenomena, whether material or spiritual, to inevitable causation; necessitarianism.

Of necessity, by necessary consequence; by compulsion, or irresistible power; perforce.

Syn. -- See Need.

Neck (?), n. [OE. necke, AS. hnecca; akin to D. nek the nape of the neck, G. nacken, OHG. nacch, hnacch, Icel. hnakki, Sw. nacke, Dan. nakke.] 1. The part of an animal which connects the head and the trunk, and which, in man and many other animals, is more slender than the trunk.

2. Any part of an inanimate object corresponding to or resembling the neck of an animal; as: (a) The long slender part of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as a gourd. (b) A long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or a narrow tract connecting two larger tracts. (c) (Mus.) That part of a violin, guitar, or similar instrument, which extends from the head to the body, and on which is the finger board or fret board.