Chapter C: G. Leland (5)

Ox"hide` (?), n. 1. The skin of an ox, or leather made from it.

2. (O. Eng. Law) A measure of land. See 3d Hide.

Ox"id (?), n. (Chem.) See Oxide.

Ox`i*da*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. oxydabilité.] Capability of being converted into an oxide.

Ox"i*da*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. oxydable.] Capable of being converted into an oxide.

Ox"i*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidating.] [Cf. f. oxyder. See Oxide.] (Chem.) To oxidize. [Obs.]

Ox`i*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. oxidation.] (Chem.) The act or process of oxidizing, or the state or result of being oxidized.

Ox"i*da`tor (?), n. 1. An oxidizer. [Obs.]

2. A contrivance for causing a current of air to impinge on the flame of the Argand lamp; -- called also oxygenator.

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Ox"ide (?), n. [F. oxygène oxygen + acide acid: cf. F. oxyde. The French word was correctly spelt oxide, till about the year 1840, when, in ignorance or forgetfulness of the true history and composition of the word, the orthography was change to make it represent the &upsilon; of Gr. 'oxy`s, from which it was supposed to be directly derived.] (Chem.) A binary compound of oxygen with an atom or radical, or a compound which is regarded as binary; as, iron oxide, ethyl oxide, nitrogen oxide, etc.

In the chemical nomenclature adopted by Guyton de Morveau, Lavoisier,and their associates, the term oxides was made to include all compounds of oxygen which had no acid (F. acide) properties, as contrasted with the acids, all of which were at that time supposed to contain oxygen. The orthography oxyde, oxyd, etc., was afterwards introduced in ignorance or disregard of the true etymology, but these forms are now obsolete in English. The spelling oxid is not common.

Ox"i*di`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being oxidized.

Ox"i*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxidized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidizing.] (Chem.) To combine with oxygen, or subject to the action of oxygen, or of an oxidizing agent. Specifically: (a) To combine with oxygen or with more oxygen; to add oxygen to; as, to oxidize nitrous acid so as to form nitric acid. (b) To remove hydrogen from (anything), as by the action of oxygen; as, to oxidize alcohol so as to form aldehyde. (c) To subject to the action of oxygen or of an oxidizing agent, so as to bring to a higher grade, as an -ous compound to an -ic compound; as, to oxidize mercurous chloride to mercuric chloride.

In certain cases to oxidize is identical with to acidify; for, in nearly all cases, the more oxygen a substance contains the more nearly does it approximate to acid qualities; thus, by oxidation many elements, as sulphur, nitrogen, carbon, chromium, manganese, etc., pass into compounds which are acid anhydrides, and thus practically in the acid state.

Ox"i*dize`ment (?), n. Oxidation. [R.]

Ox"i*di`zer (?), n. (Chem.) An agent employed in oxidation, or which facilitates or brings about combination with oxygen; as, nitric acid, chlorine, bromine, etc., are strong oxidizers.

Ox*id"u*la`ted (?), a. (Chem.) Existing in the state of a protoxide; -- said of an oxide. [R.]

Ox"ime (?), n. (Chem.) One of a series of isonitroso derivatives obtained by the action of hydroxylamine on aldehydes or ketones.

Ox*in"dol (?), n. [Oxygen + indol.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C8H7NO) of the indol group, obtained by the reduction of dioxindol. It is a so-called lactam compound.

Ox`i*od"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + iodic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of iodine and oxygen.

Ox"like (?), a. Characteristic of, or like, an ox.

Ox"lip` (?), n. [AS. oxanslyppe. See Ox, and Cowslip.] (Bot.) The great cowslip (Primula veris, var. elatior).

Ox"o*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of oxonic acid.

Ox*o"ni*an (?), a. Of or relating to the city or the university of Oxford, England. Macaulay.

Ox*o"ni*an, n. A student or graduate of Oxford University, in England.

Ox*on"ic (?), a. [Prob. glyoxalic + carbonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid (C4H5N3O4) not known in the free state, but obtained, in combination with its salts, by a slow oxidation of uric acid, to which it is related.

Ox"peck`er (?), n. (Zoöl.) An African bird of the genus Buphaga; the beefeater.

Ox"shoe` (?), n. A shoe for oxen, consisting of a flat piece of iron nailed to the hoof.

Ox"ter (?), n. [AS. hsta.] The armpit; also, the arm. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Ox"tongue` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several plants, from the shape and roughness of their leaves; as, Anchusa officinalis, a kind of bugloss, and Helminthia echioides, both European herbs.

Ox"y- (?). (Chem.) A prefix, also used adjectively, designating: (a) A compound containing oxygen. (b) A compound containing the hydroxyl group, more properly designated by hydroxy-. See Hydroxy-.

Oxy acid. See Oxyacid (below).

Ox`y*a*ce"tic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + acetic.] Hydroxyacetic; designating an acid called also glycolic acid.

Ox`y*ac"id (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + acid.] (Chem.) An acid containing oxygen, as chloric acid or sulphuric acid; -- contrasted with the hydracids, which contain no oxygen, as hydrochloric acid. See Acid, and Hydroxy-.

Ox`y*am*mo"ni*a (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + ammonia.] (Chem.) Same as Hydroxylamine.

Ox`y*ben"zene (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + benzene.] (Chem.) Hydroxy benzene. Same as Phenol.

Ox`y*ben*zo"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + benzoic.] (Chem.) Hydroxybenzoic; pertaining to, or designating, any one of several hydroxyl derivatives of benzonic acid, of which the commonest is salicylic acid.

Ox`y*bro"mic (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + bromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of oxygen and bromine.

Ox`y*bu*tyr"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + butyric.] (Chem.) Hydroxybutyric; designating any one of a group of metameric acids (C3H6.OH.CO2H).

Ox`y*cal"ci*um (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + calcium.] Of or pertaining to oxygen and calcium; as, the oxycalcium light. See Drummond light.

Ox`y*ca*pro"ic (?), a. (Chem.) See Leucic.

Ox`y*chlo"ric (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + chloric.] (Chem.) (a) Of, pertaining to, or designating in general, certain compounds containing oxygen and chlorine. (b) Formerly designating an acid now called perchloric acid. See Perchloric.

Ox`y*chlo"ride (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + chloride.] (Chem.) A ternary compound of oxygen and chlorine; as, plumbic oxychloride.

Ox"y*crate (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;;&?;&?;&?;&?; acid + &?;&?;&?;&?; to mix: cf. F. oxycrat.] (med.) A Mixture of water and vinegar. Wiseman.

Ox`y*cy"mene (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + cymene.] (Chem.) Hydroxy cymene. Same as Carvacrol.

Ox"y*gen (?), n. [F. oxygène, from Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; sharp, acid + root of &?;&?;&?;&?; to be born. So called because originally supposed to be an essential part of every acid.]

1. (Chem.) A colorless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element occurring in the free state in the atmosphere, of which it forms about 23 per cent by weight and about 21 per cent by volume, being slightly heavier than nitrogen. Symbol O. Atomic weight 15.96.

It occurs combined in immense quantities, forming eight ninths by weight of water, and probably one half by weight of the entire solid crust of the globe, being an ingredient of silica, the silicates, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates, etc. Oxygen combines with all elements (except fluorine), forming oxides, bases, oxyacid anhydrides, etc., the process in general being called oxidation, of which combustion is only an intense modification. At ordinary temperatures with most substances it is moderately active, but at higher temperatures it is one of the most violent and powerful chemical agents known. It is indispensable in respiration, and in general is the most universally active and efficient element. It may be prepared in the pure state by heating potassium chlorate.

This element (called dephlogisticated air by Priestley) was named oxygen by Lavoisier because he supposed it to be a constituent of all acids. This is not so in the case of a very few acids (as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydric sulphide, etc.), but these do contain elements analogous to oxygen in property and action. Moreover, the fact that most elements approach the nearer to acid qualities in proportion as they are combined with more oxygen, shows the great accuracy and breadth of Lavoisier's conception of its nature.

2. Chlorine used in bleaching. [Manufacturing name]

Ox"y*gen*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxygenated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oxygenating (?).] [Cf. F. oxygéner.] (Chem.) To unite, or cause to combine, with oxygen; to treat with oxygen; to oxidize; as, oxygenated water (hydrogen dioxide).

Ox`y*gen*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. oxygénation.] (Chem.) The act or process of combining or of treating with oxygen; oxidation.

Ox"y*gen*a`tor (?), n. An oxidizer.

Ox`y*gen"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, oxygen; producing oxygen.

||Ox`y*ge"ni*um (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) The technical name of oxygen. ||[R.]

Ox"y*gen*i"za*ble (?), a. (Chem.) Oxidizable.

Ox"y*gen*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxygenized (?); p pr. & vb. n. Oxygenizing (?).] (Chem.) To oxidize.

Ox"y*gen*ize`ment (?), n. Oxidation.

Ox*yg"e*nous (?), a. Oxygenic.

Ox"y*gon (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; sharp + &?;&?;&?; an angle: cf.F. oxygone.] (Geom.) A triangle having three acute angles.

{ Ox*yg"o*nal (?), Ox`y*go"ni*al (?), } a. Having acute angles. Barlow.

{ Ox`Y*hæm`a*cy"a*nin (?), Ox`y*hæm`o*cy"a*nin (?), } n. [Oxy- (a) + hæmacyanin, hæmocyanin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Hæmacyanin.

{ Ox`y*hæm`o*glo"bin, Ox`y*hem`o*glo"bin } (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + hæmoglobin, hemoglobin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Hemoglobin.

Ox`y*hy"dro*gen (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + hydrogen.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen; as, oxyhydrogen gas.

Oxyhydrogen blowpipe. (Chem.) See Blowpipe. -- Oxyhydrogen microscope, a form of microscope arranged so as to use the light produced by burning lime or limestone under a current of oxyhydrogen gas.

Ox"y*mel (?), n. [L. oxymeli, Gr. &?;&?;&?;; &?;&?;&?;&?; acid + &?;&?;&?; honey.] (Med.) A mixture of honey, water, vinegar, and spice, boiled to a sirup. Sir T. Elyot.

Ox`y*meth"yl*ene, n. [Oxy- (a) + methylene.] (Chem.) Formic aldehyde, regarded as a methylene derivative.

||Ox`y*mo"ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;, fr. &?;&?;&?; pointedly ||foolish; &?;&?;&?; sharp + &?;&?;&?; foolish.] (Rhet.) A figure in ||which an epithet of a contrary signification is added to a word; e. ||g., cruel kindness; laborious idleness.

Ox`y*mu"ri*ate (?), n. (Old Chem.) A salt of the supposed oxymuriatic acid; a chloride.

Oxymuriate of lime, chloride of lime.

Ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + muriatic: cf. F. oxymuriatique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or consisting of, oxygen and muriatic acid, that is, hydrochloric acid. [Archaic.]

Oxymuriatic acid, chlorine, formerly so called on the supposition that it was a compound of oxygen and muriatic acid. [Obs.]

Ox`y*neu"rine (?), n. (Chem.) See Betaine.

Ox*yn"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; to make acid.] (Physiol.) Acid; producing acid; -applied especially to certain glands and cells in the stomach.

{ ||Ox`y*o"pi*a (?), Ox"y*o`py (?), } n. [NL. oxyopia, from Gr. &?;&?;&?; sharp + &?;&?;&?; sight.] (Med.) Excessive acuteness of sight.

Ox`y*phe"nic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + phenol.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, the phenol formerly called oxyphenic acid, and now oxyphenol and pyrocatechin. See Pyrocatechin.

Ox`y*phe"nol (?), n. (Chem.) A phenol, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;, produced by the distillation of catechin; called also oxyphenic acid, and now pyrocatechin.

Ox*yph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; sharp + &?;&?;&?;&?; voice.] Acuteness or shrillness of voice.

Ox`y*quin"o*line (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + quinoline.] (Chem.) Hydroxy quinoline; a phenol derivative of quinoline, -- called also carbostyril.

||Ox`y*rhyn"cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.&?;&?;&?;&?; sharp + ||&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; snout.] (Zoöl.) The maioid crabs.

Ox*yr"rho*dine (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; (sc. &?;&?;&?;); 'oxy`s acid + &?;&?;&?;&?; made of roses, &?;&?;&?;&?; rose.] (Med.) A mixture of two parts of the oil of roses with one of the vinegar of roses. Floyer.

Ox"y*salt (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + salt.] (Chem.) A salt of an oxyacid, as a sulphate.

Ox`y*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A ternary compound of oxygen and sulphur.

Ox`y*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) An oxysulphide. [Obsolescent]

Ox`y*toc"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; sharp, quick + &?;&?;&?;&?; birth.] (Med.) Promoting uterine contractions, or parturition. -- n. An oxytocic medicine or agent.

Ox`y*tol"u*ene (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + toluene.] One of three hydroxy derivatives of toluene, called the cresols. See Cresol.

Ox"y*tone (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;; &?;&?;&?; sharp + &?;&?;&?; tone.] Having an acute sound; (Gr. Gram.), having an acute accent on the last syllable.

Ox"y*tone, n. 1. An acute sound.

2. (Gr. Gram.) A word having the acute accent on the last syllable.

Ox`y*ton"ic*al (?), a. (Gr. Gram.) Oxytone.

O"yer (?), n. [Anglo F., a hearing, from OF. oïr, F. ouïr, to hear, L. audire. See Audible.] (Law) A hearing or an inspection, as of a deed, bond, etc., as when a defendant in court prays oyer of a writing. Blackstone.

Oyer and terminer (Law), a term used in England in commissions directed to judges of assize about to hold court, directing them to hear and determine cases brought before them. In the U.S. the phrase is used to designate certain criminal courts.

O"yez` (ys; 277), interj. [Anglo-F. oyez hear ye. See Oyer.] Hear; attend; -- a term used by criers of courts to secure silence before making a proclamation. It is repeated three times. [Written also oyes.]

Oy"let (?), n. [See Eyelet.] 1. See Eyelet.

2. (Arch.) Same as Oillet.

Oy"noun (?), n. Onion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Oys"ter (?), n. [OF. oistre, F. huître, L. ostrea, ostreum, Gr. 'o`streon; prob. akin to 'ostre`on bone, the oyster being so named from its shell. Cf. Osseous, Ostracize.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any marine bivalve mollusk of the genus Ostrea. They are usually found adhering to rocks or other fixed objects in shallow water along the seacoasts, or in brackish water in the mouth of rivers. The common European oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the American oyster (Ostrea Virginiana), are the most important species.

2. A name popularly given to the delicate morsel contained in a small cavity of the bone on each side of the lower part of the back of a fowl.

Fresh-water oyster (Zoöl.), any species of the genus Etheria, and allied genera, found in rivers of Africa and South America. They are irregular in form, and attach themselves to rocks like oysters, but they have a pearly interior, and are allied to the fresh-water mussels. -- Oyster bed, a breeding place for oysters; a place in a tidal river or other water on or near the seashore, where oysters are deposited to grow and fatten for market. See 1st Scalp, n. -- Oyster catcher (Zoöl.), any one of several species of wading birds of the genus Hæmatopus, which frequent seashores and feed upon shellfish. The European species (H. ostralegus), the common American species (H. palliatus), and the California, or black, oyster catcher (H. Bachmani) are the best known. -- Oyster crab (Zoöl.) a small crab (Pinnotheres ostreum) which lives as a commensal in the gill cavity of the oyster. -- Oyster dredge, a rake or small dragnet of bringing up oyster from the bottom of the sea. -- Oyster fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The tautog. (b) The toadfish. -- Oyster plant. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Tragopogon (T. porrifolius), the root of which, when cooked, somewhat resembles the oyster in taste; salsify; -- called also vegetable oyster. (b) A plant found on the seacoast of Northern Europe, America and Asia (Mertensia maritima), the fresh leaves of which have a strong flavor of oysters. -- Oyster plover. (Zoöl.) Same as Oyster catcher, above. -- Oyster shell (Zoöl.), the shell of an oyster. -- Oyster wench, Oyster wife, Oyster women, a women who deals in oysters. -- Pearl oyster. (Zoöl.) See under Pearl. -- Thorny oyster (Zoöl.), any spiny marine shell of the genus Spondylus.

Oys"ter-green` (?), n. (Bot.) A green membranous seaweed (Ulva) often found growing on oysters but common on stones, piles, etc.

Oys"ter*ing, n. Gathering, or dredging for, oysters.

Oys"ter*ling (?), n. (Zoöl.) A young oyster.

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O*ze"na (?), n. [NL., fr. L. ozaena, Gr. 'o`zaina, fr. 'o`zein to smell.] (Med.) A discharge of fetid matter from the nostril, particularly if associated with ulceration of the soft parts and disease of the bones of the nose.

O`zo*ce"rite (?), n. [Gr. 'o`zein to smell + &?; wax.] (Min.) A waxlike mineral resin; -- sometimes called native paraffin, and mineral wax.

O`zo*na"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of treating with ozone; also, the act of converting into, or producing, ozone; ozonization.

O"zone (?), n. [Gr. 'o`zwn smelling, p. pr. of 'o`zein to smell. See Odor.] (Chem.) A colorless gaseous substance (O&?;) obtained (as by the silent discharge of electricity in oxygen) as an allotropic form of oxygen, containing three atoms in the molecule. It is a streng oxidizer, and probably exists in the air, though by he ordinary tests it is liable to be confused with certain other substances, as hydrogen dioxide, or certain oxides of nitrogen. It derives its name from its peculiar odor, which resembles that of weak chlorine.

O*zon"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, ozone.

O*zo`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Ozone + L. -ficare to make. See fy. ] (Chem.) The act or process of producing, or of subjecting to the action of, ozone.

O`zo*ni*za"tion (?), n. (Chem.) Ozonation.

O"zo*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ozonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ozonizing.] (Chem.) (a) To convert into ozone, as oxygen. (b) To treat with ozone.

O"zo*ni`zer (?), n. (Chem.) An apparatus or agent for the production or application of ozone.

O`zo*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Ozone + -meter.] An instrument for ascertaining the amount of ozone in the atmosphere, or in any gaseous mixture. Faraday.

O`zo*no*met"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or used for, the determination of the amount of ozone; of or relating to ozonometry.

O`zo*nom"e*try (?), n. (Chem.) The measurement or determination of the quantity of ozone.

O*zo"no*scope (?), n. [Ozone + -scope.] (Chem.) An apparatus employed to indicate the presence, or the amount, of ozone.

O*zo`no*scop"ic (?), a. [Ozone + Gr. &?; to view.] (Chem.) Serving to indicate the presence or the amount of ozone.

O"zo*nous (?), a. Pertaining to or containing, ozone.