Chapter I: Origin and Rise of the Papacy

[b] H. H. MILMAN, _History of Latin Christianity_.

[c] LEOPOLD VON RANKE, _History of the Popes_.

[d] VICTOR DURUY, _Histoire du Moyen Age_.

[e] O. J. REICHEL, _The See of Rome in the Middle Ages_.

[f] J. BASS MULLINGER, article on “Popedom,” in the _Encyclopædia Britannica_.

[g] HENRY STEBBING, _History of the Christian Church_.

[h] JOHN WM. DRAPER, _History of the Intellectual Development of Europe_.

[i] GREGORY OF TOURS, _Annales Francorum_.

[j] ANDREAS THIEL, _Epistolæ Romanorum Pontificorum_.

[k] GREGORY THE GREAT, _Letters and Dialogues_.

[l] EDWARD GIBBON, _Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire_.