Chapter I: Front Matter

Transcriber’s Note: As a result of editorial shortcomings in the original, some reference letters in the text don’t have matching entries in the reference-lists, and vice versa.

THE HISTORIANS’ HISTORY OF THE WORLD

THE HISTORIANS’
HISTORY
OF THE WORLD

A comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations
as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages:
edited, with the assistance of a distinguished board of advisers
and contributors, by

HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS, LL.D.

IN TWENTY-FIVE VOLUMES

VOLUME XVII--SWITZERLAND (Concluded)

RUSSIA AND POLAND

The Outlook Company
New York

The History Association
London

1905

COPYRIGHT, 1904,
BY HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS.

_All rights reserved._

Press of J. J. Little & Co.
New York, U. S. A.

Contributors, and Editorial Revisers.

Prof. Adolf Erman, University of Berlin.
Prof. Joseph Halévy, College of France.
Prof. Thomas K. Cheyne, Oxford University.
Prof. Andrew C. McLaughlin, University of Michigan.
Prof. David H. Müller, University of Vienna.
Prof. Alfred Rambaud, University of Paris.
Capt. F. Brinkley, Tokio.

Prof. Eduard Meyer, University of Berlin.
Dr. James T. Shotwell, Columbia University.
Prof. Theodor Nöldeke, University of Strasburg.
Prof. Albert B. Hart, Harvard University.
Dr. Paul Brönnle, Royal Asiatic Society.
Dr. James Gairdner, C.B., London.

Prof. Ulrich von Wilamowitz Möllendorff, University of Berlin.
Prof. H. Marczali, University of Budapest.
Dr. G. W. Botsford, Columbia University.
Prof. Julius Wellhausen, University of Göttingen.
Prof. Franz R. von Krones, University of Graz.
Prof. Wilhelm Soltau, Zabern University.

Prof. R. W. Rogers, Drew Theological Seminary.
Prof. A. Vambéry, University of Budapest.
Prof. Otto Hirschfeld, University of Berlin.
Dr. Frederick Robertson Jones, Bryn Mawr College.
Baron Bernardo di San Severino Quaranta, London.
Dr. John P. Peters, New York.

Prof. Adolph Harnack, University of Berlin.
Dr. S. Rappoport, School of Oriental Languages, Paris.
Prof. Hermann Diels, University of Berlin.
Prof. C. W. C. Oman, Oxford University.
Prof. W. L. Fleming, University of West Virginia.
Prof. I. Goldziher, University of Vienna.
Prof. R. Koser, University of Berlin.

CONTENTS

VOLUME XVII

SWITZERLAND (_Concluded_)

PAGE

CHAPTER V

THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 1

The conspiracy of Hentzi; the insurrection of Fribourg, 1.
Disorders at Geneva, 4. Tumults in Neuchâtel, 8. Aristocracy
and democracy, 9. Davel, 10. Federal relations of the Swiss
states, 13. Switzerland feels the shock of the French
Revolution, 16. French troops in Switzerland, 20. The
capitulation of Berne; the Constitution Unitaire, 23.

CHAPTER VI

SWITZERLAND SINCE 1798 26

Changes of constitutions and administrations, 26. The
evacuation of Switzerland; the nomination of deputies, 28.
The act of mediation (1813 A.D.); Cabals follow Napoleon’s
fall, 30. Switzerland develops along new lines, 35. Reaction
and reform; effects of the revolution of July, 35. Siebener
Konkordat; disputes over asylum and religion, 38. The
Sonderbund War, 39. Colonel Dufour is made commander of the
army, 40. Preparations of the Sonderbund, 41. The capitulation
of Fribourg and Lucerne end the Sonderbund, 42.

BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS 48

A GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SWISS HISTORY 49

A CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE HISTORY OF SWITZERLAND 56

RUSSIA

INTRODUCTION. THE INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA. By Dr. A.
S. Rappoport 71

CHAPTER I

LAND AND PEOPLE AND EARLY HISTORY (TO 1054 A.D.) 79

Extent, configuration, and climate, 79. The similarity of
European and Asiatic Russia, 80. The dualism of north and
south, 81. The soil of the Black Lands and the Steppes,
82. Diversity of races, 84. The Finns, 85. Ethnological
distribution of religions, 87. The Great Russians and the
Little Russians, 91. Social and political organisation,
92. The treaty with Constantinople, 96. The first written
document of Russian history, 97. The reign of Igor, 97. The
regency of Olga, 99. Nestor tells of the baptism of Olga, 100.
Sviatoslav; the victory of north over south, 101. Nestor’s
account of Vladimir’s conversion, 103. The death of Vladimir
the Christian, 106. Sviatopolk is succeeded by Iaroslav, 107.
Iaroslav’s code of laws, 110. Iaroslav dies, 115.

CHAPTER II

THE PERIOD OF THE PRINCIPALITIES (1054-1224 A.D.) 117

The character of the principalities, 117. The unity of the
principalities, 120. The theory of succession, 121. Civil wars,
122. Vsevolod, 124. Sviatopolk, 124. Vladimir Monomakh, 126.
The “Instruction” of Vladimir Monomakh, 127. The fall of Kiev
and the rise of Suzdal, 129.

CHAPTER III

THE TIME OF TATAR DOMINATION (1235-1462 A.D.) 133

Jenghiz Khan; the Tatar invasion, 134. Influences of Tatar
domination, 136. Alexander Nevski, 139. Death of Alexander
Nevski; appreciation of his character, 142. The grand
princedom, 143. The growing ascendency of Moscow, 144. The
principle of direct succession, 148. The battle of the Don or
Kulikovo, 151. Significance of the battle of Kulikovo, 152.
The destruction of Moscow, 153. The death of Dmitri Donskoi;
his place in history, 154. The reign of Vasili Dmitrievitch,
156. Vasili Vasilievitch (afterwards called “The Blind” or
“The Dark”), 158. Jonas becomes metropolitan, 159. A review
of the internal development during the Tatar period, 160. The
influence of Tatar domination, 163. Wallace’s view, 164.