Chapter VI: Peter the Great (1684-1725 A.d.) 249

The childhood and youth of Peter, 251. Peter asserts control,
253. Military reforms, 255. Azov taken from the Turks, 256.
Schemes of conquest, 258. Conspiracy to murder Peter, 258.
Peter travels to acquire knowledge, 259. Peter in Holland,
England and Austria, 261. The insurrection of the Strelitz,
265. War with Sweden, 265. Rallying from defeat, 267. The
antecedents of an empress, 268. Military success: Foundation of
St. Petersburg, 269. Renewed hostilities, 272. Polish affairs,
273. Charles XII invades Russia, 275. Revolt of the Cossacks of
the Don; Mazeppa, 277. Mazeppa joins Charles XII; Pultowa, 279.
Peter and the Powers, 281. Catherine acknowledged as Peter’s
wife, 281. War with Turkey, 282. Catherine’s heroism: the Peace
of Pruth, 283. War with Sweden, 285. A naval victory; Peter’s
triumph, 286. Peter at the height of power, 287. Peter’s second
European tour, 289. The czarevitch Alexis disinherited, 294.
Death of the czarevitch Alexis, 297. Domestic affairs, 299.
Renewed hostilities with Sweden, 302. Peter as administrator,
304. The church and the aristocracy, 309. Commerce with the
East, 311. War with Persia, 312. Last years and death of Peter,
314. Soloviev’s estimate of Peter’s work, 318. Kostomarov’s
estimate of Peter, 323. Haxthausen’s estimate of Peter’s
influence, 326.

CHAPTER VII

CATHERINE I TO PETER III (1725-1762 A.D.) 327

Catherine I (1725-1727 A.D.), 327. Peter II (1727-1730 A.D.),
328. Anna Ivanovna, 331. War with Turkey, 335. Internal
administration, 337. Biron the favourite, 338. Death of Anna,
(1740 A.D.); the succession, 339. A Russian estimate of Anna
and of Biron, 340. The nominal reign of Ivan VI, 341. Anna of
Brunswick assumes the regency, 342. Sweden renews the war,
342. Successful conspiracy against the regent, 345. Elizabeth
Petrovna, 350. Foreign affairs, 352. Antecedents of the
future Peter III, 353. The future Catherine II appears, 354.
Court intrigues: the death of Elizabeth, 355. Spread of art,
literature, and education under Elizabeth, 356. Bain’s estimate
of Elizabeth, 359. Peter III, 360. Impolitic acts of Peter III,
362. Catherine plots against the Czar, 364. Catherine usurps
the crown, 367. Death of Peter III, 368.