Chapter XLII: Appendix: III (2)

By applying this principle AD = 7745.9 ... and DC = 11019.9 ..., and the whole AC = 18765.8; whereas AB + BC (_i.e._ the coasting voyage) = 19200 stades (a difference of 434.2 stades, not 500). Add to this the 3000 from the Peloponnese to the Straits, the total coast voyage is 22,200 stades, as against Dicaearchus’s 10,000.

[223] Strabo quotes this reckoning of the distance from the Peloponnese to the head of the Adriatic to prove that Polybius, on his own showing, is wrong in admitting that this distance (8250 stades) is greater than that from the Peloponnese to the Pillars, which Dicaearchus said was 10,000 stades, and which Polybius showed to be 18,765 stades by the shortest route.

[224] To enable the reader to follow this list of prices, a short table is here sub-joined of Greek weights and money,—though he must be warned that values varied at different times and places,—with approximate values in English weights and money.

1 obol = 1/40 oz. = 1/8 shilling.
6 obols = 1 drachma = 3/20 oz. 9d.
100 drachmae = 1 mina = 15-1/2 oz. £3 : 18 : 6.
60 minae = 1 talent = 57 lbs. £235.

A medimnus = 11 gals. 4 pts. (dry measure).
A metreta = 8 gals. 5 pts. (liquid measure).

[225] Which member of the Cornelian gens this was is unknown. He appears to have been at Marseilles in the 4th century B.C. inquiring as to centres of trade open to Rome in rivalry with Carthage.

[226] Varro (_Serv. ad Æn._ 10, 13) adds a fifth by the Graian Alps, _i.e._ Little St. Bernard.

[227] Strabo corrects this, saving that the distance is 3000 stades.

[228] The islands were called also _Vulcaniae_ and _Aeoliae_.

[229] Strabo reckons 8 stades to a mile, thus making the number of stades 4280. The exact calculation by Polybius’s reckoning is 4458-1/3 stades. The miles are Roman miles of 5000 feet; therefore, by Strabo’s calculation, the stade is 625 feet, by Polybius’s 600 feet.

[230] Strabo, however, supports the measurement of Artemidorus—6500, explaining that Polybius is taking some practical measurement of a voyage, not the shortest.

[231] Homer, _Odyss._ 4, 485.

[232] Probably in February, the month usually devoted by the Senate to _legationes_.

[233] Since B.C. 195 up to B.C. 154 the two divisions of Spain had been entrusted to Praetors.

[234] Livy, _Ep._ 48. _Provocatorem barbarum tribunus militum occidit._

[235] τῶν ἐκ συγκλήτου καὶ τῆς γερουσίας. The same distinction occurs in 10, 18, and seems to refer to the two bodies known as the Hundred and the Gerusia. See Bosworth Smith’s _Carthage and the Carthaginians_, p. 27.

[236] The envoys first report to the Gerusia. Appian, _Pun._ 91.

[237] Phameas was afterwards persuaded by Massanissa to join the Romans. Livy, _Ep._ 50.

[238] The incident referred to is narrated in Appian, _Punica_, 103. Scipio relieved this body of men, who were beleaguered on the top of a hill, by a rapid and bold movement of his cavalry.

[239] _Odyssey_, 20, 495. Cato had always been opposed to the Scipios, but Livy seems to attribute his former criticisms of the younger Africanus to his general habit of caustic disparagement (_vir promptioris ad vituperandum linguae_), and we know that his elder son had married a daughter of Paulus, sister to the younger Africanus.

[240] Livy, _Ep._ 49.

[241] He seems to have forgotten his namesake mentioned in 11, 15.

[242] For Callicrates, the author of the Romanising policy, see 26, 1-3. One of the statues raised to him by the Spartan exiles was at Olympia, the base of which has been discovered. See Hicks’s _Greek Inscriptions_, p. 330. To what the fragment refers is not clear, but evidently to something connected with the popular movement against Sparta, and a recurrence to the policy of Philopoemen as represented by Lycortas, which eventually brought down the vengeance of Rome.

[243] Prusias was killed at Pergamum by his son Nicomedes with the connivance of Attalus (Livy, _Ep._ 50).

[244] A considerable passage is here lost, with the exception of a few words, insufficient to ground a conjectural translation upon.

[245] Demetrius II., son of Antigonus Gonatas.

[246] Pseudophilippus, after cutting to pieces a Roman legion under the praetor Juventius, was conquered and captured by Q. Caecilius Metellus in B.C. 148 (Livy, _Ep._ 50; Eutrop. 4, 6).

[247] Massanissa, feeling himself to be dying, had asked Scipio to come to him. He left his sons strict injunctions to submit the arrangements of the succession and division of his kingdom to Scipio. Appian, _Punica_, 105; Livy, _Ep._ 50. Livy has adopted the statement of Polybius as to the age of Massanissa at his death; and Cicero (_de Sen._ § 34) has made Cato take the same reckoning, perhaps from Polybius also. But it does not agree with another statement of Livy himself, who (24, 49) speaks of him as being seventeen in B.C. 213, in which case he would be in his eighty-second year in B.C. 148. It is, however, proposed to read xxvii. for xvii. in this passage of Livy.

[248] Livy (_Ep._ 48) in speaking of this victory says that Massanissa was ninety-two, and ate and enjoyed his bread without anything to flavour it (_sine pulpamine_).

[249] The task of subduing the country in B.C. 147 was entrusted to the proconsul Culpurnius Piso, while Scipio was engaged in completing the investment of Carthage. Appian, _Pun._ 113-126.

[250] After the capture of Megara, the suburban district of Carthage, by Scipio, Hasdrubal withdrew into the Byrsa, got made commander-in-chief, and bringing all Roman prisoners to the battlements, put them to death with the most ghastly tortures. Appian, _Pun._ 118.

[251] τὰ χώματα, that is, apparently, the mole of huge stones constructed by the Romans to block up the mouth of the harbour.

[252] μετὰ τῶν ἰδίων ἐνδυμάτων. The German translator Kraz gives up these words in despair. Kampe translated them _in ihrer gewöhnlicher Tracht_. Mr. Strachan-Davidson says, “προσειληφυῖα, etc., ‘folding them in her own robe with her hands,’” which seems straining the meaning of προσειληφυῖα. The French translator says, _deux enfans suspendus à ses vêtemens_.

[253] According to Livy (_Ep._ 51) she had tried to induce her husband to accept the offer described in 38, 2.

[254] Homer, _Il._ 6, 448.

[255] 4000 under Alcamenes, Pausan. 7, 15, 8.

[256] In the battle with Metellus at Scarphea.

[257] Pausanias on the contrary says that Pytheas was caught in Boeotia and condemned by Metellus (7, 15, 10).

[258] The pit is the place dug out (σκάμμα) and prepared in the gymnasium for leapers. To be in the pit is to be on the very ground of the struggle, without possibility of escaping it.

[259] See note on 30, 17.

[260] For this proverb see Plutarch, _Themist._ 29; _de Alex. Virt._ 5; _de Exil._ 7.

[261] Plutarch reports the same anecdote much more briefly in _Cato Maj._ 12, as do others. Professor Freeman (_History of Federal Government_, p. 142) seems to regard it as a serious indication that the Amphictyonic council had become a body exercising some literary authority, in default of any other. I think that Cato had no such meaning. He mentioned any body of men, however unlikely to exercise such an influence, which at any rate was Greek.

[262] Seems to mean “he lost before he began,” before he got even at the threshold of his enterprise. There is nothing to show to what the fragment refers.

[263] The base of a statue of Polybius has been discovered at Olympia with the inscription ἡ πόλις ἡ τῶν Ἡλείων Πολύβιον Δυκόρτα Μεγαλοπολείτην. But the statue mentioned in the text seems to be one set up by the Achaeans. For the statues of Polybius, see Introduction, pp. xxxi. xxxii.

[264] Thebae quoque et Chalcis, quae auxilio fuerant, dirutae. Ipse L. Mummius abstinentissimum virum egit; nec quidquam ex iis opibus ornamentisque, quae praedives Corinthus habuit, in domum ejus pervenit. Livy, _Ep._ 52.

[265] Ptolemy Philometor, king of Egypt, is called, by way of distinction, “King of Syria,” because that title was bestowed on him by the people of Antioch during his last expedition in Syria. This was undertaken in support of Alexander Balas, who repaid him by conniving at an attempt upon his life. Whereupon Ptolemy joined Demetrius, the son of Demetrius Soter, and supported his claim against Alexander Balas. Joseph. _Ant._ 13, 3; 1 Maccabees 11, 1-13.

[266] Dionysius Hal. (1, 74) quotes this statement of Polybius with the remark that it is founded on a single tablet in the custody of the Pontifices. Various calculations as to the date were:—

Eratosthenes }
followed by}
Apollodorus }
Nepos } Olymp. 7, 1 B.C. 752.
Dionysius }
Lutatius }
Q. Fabius Pictor Olymp. 8, 1 B.C. 748.
Timaeus 38th year before Olymp. 1 B.C. 813.
L. Cincius Alimantus Olymp. 12, 4 B.C. 729.
M. Porcius Cato 432 years after the Trojan war. B.C. 752.
Varro }
Velleius Paterculus } Olymp. 6, 2 B.C. 755.
Pomponius Atticus Olymp. 6, 3 B.C. 754.

But even granting a definite act of foundation (on which see Mommsen, _H. of R._ vol. i. p. 4), the Olympic register before 672 B.C. is a very uncertain foundation on which to build. See _Journal of Hellenic Studies_, vol. ii. p. 164 _sq._

[267] From Eusebius. It may be noted that this statement of Polybius is an earlier evidence than any other for the existence of an Olympian register prior to B.C. 600. Pausanias also dates the register from the year of Coroebus’s victory (5, 8, 6).

[268] I have translated this passage as it stands in the various editions of Polybius. But I feel convinced that none of it belongs to him except the first sentence. It comes from Athenaeus, 440 _E_.

[269] See Livy, i, 34. Dionys. Halic. 3, 46.

[270] Hesiod, _Works and Days_, 40, νήπιοι· οὐδὲ ἴσασιν ὅσῳ πλέον ἥμισυ παντός.

[271] Polybius is perhaps referring to the Acrocorinthus especially. But we must remember that many of the citadels in the third century B.C. were in the hands of Macedonian garrisons.

[272] This has been referred by some to the account of Scipio Aemilianus’s single combat with the Spaniard. See 35, 5.

[273] Perhaps L. Postumius, Livy, 23, 24 (Hultsch).

[274] B.C. 272. Plutarch, _Pyrrh._ 31-34.

[275] See Pausan. i. 9, 6. His disaster compelled him to give up his dominions beyond the Danube. Another and more successful war in Thrace seems referred to in Diod. Sic. 18, 14.

[276] Livy, however, records more than one success of Marcellus against Hannibal, see 23, 16, 46; 27, 14. Scipio’s victory of course is at Zama.

[277] From Zosimus, 5, 20, 7. See 1, 26.

[278] Some refer this to a circumstance narrated in Livy, 41, 2. But Hultsch points out that Livy is not using Polybius in that period.

[279] From _Constantine Prophyrogenneta de thematis, p. 18, ed. Bonnensis (Hultsch). He says that there are two Cappadocias, great and little. Great Cappadocia extending from Caesarea (Neo-Caesarea), and Mount Taurus to the Pontus, bounded on the south-west by the Halys and on the east by Melitene.

[280] See 6, 23. The excellence of Spanish steel has never perhaps been surpassed even to our day.

[281] See 35, 2-4.

[282] Plutarch, _Pelop._ 17, who says that other authorities reckoned it at 500 and 700 men. There were originally six morae in the Spartan army. See Xenophon, _Rep. Lac._ 11, 4; _Hell._ 6, 4, 12-17.

[283] See 6, 25.

[284] This is referred by Nissen to the account of the origin of the third Punic war. See 36, 3-5.

[285] This moderation in the number of slaves was perhaps imitated from Cato. See Cato, _Orationum frgm._ 3 Ed. Jordan.

INDEX

_The references are to Books and Chapters, except where the volume and
page of this translation are indicated by vol. —p. —; Fr. indicates
the minor fragments at the end of vol. ii._

ABBA, town in Africa, +14+, 6, 7

Abia, town in Messenia, +23+, 17

Abila, town in Palestine, +5+, 71; +16+, 39

Abilyx, a Spaniard, +3+, 98, 99

Abrupolis, a Thracian prince, +22+, 8

Abydus, town in Asia Minor, on the Hellespont, +4+, 44; +5+, 111; +16+,
29-35;

its situation and fall, +18+, 2, 44; +34+, 7

Academy, the, +12+, 26_c_; +16+, 27

Acarnania, +4+, 6, 30, 63, 65, 66; +5+, 3-5; +9+, 34; +28+, 4, 5; +30+,
13; +32+, 20; +39+, 14

Acarnanians, +2+, 6, 10, 45, 65, 66; +4+, 5, 9, 15, 25, 30, 63; +5+,
3-6, 13, 96; +9+, 32, 38-40; +10+, 41; +16+, 32; +21+, 29, 32;
+24+, 12; +28+, 5

Acatides, a Theban runner, +39+, 7

Acerrae, a town of the Insubres, +2+, 34

Acesimbrotus of Rhodes, +18+, 1, 2

Achaeans, the, +1+, 3, passim;

appealed to by the Epirotes, +2+, 6, 9, 10, 12;

the rise of their league in the Peloponnese, +2+, 37-70;

assist Messenians against the Aetolians, and call in Philip V.,
+4+, 1-19, 22;

proclaim war with Aetolians, +4+, 25-27. _See also_ +36+, 59-85;

agree to furnish Philip with subvention, +5+, 1;

join Philip in his invasion of Laconia, +5+, 18-24;

harassed by Aetolians, +5+, 30, 35;

elect Aratus after the incapable Strategus Eperatus, +5+, 91-95;

make peace with the Aetolians, +5+, 101-105;

instructed in military exercises by Philopoemen, +10+, 23;

at war with Machanidas of Sparta, +11+, 11-18;

Philopoemen summons a levy at Tegea to invade Laconia, +16+, 36, 37;

incline to Philip’s part against Rome, +16+, 38;

send envoys to the congress at Nicaea, +18+, 1-8;

receive back Corinth by the advice of Flamininus, +18+, 45 fin.;

and Triphylia and Heraea, +18+, 47;

offer to help the Boeotians, who however abandon their alliance,
+20+, 4, 5;

Megara leaves their league, +20+, 6;

make alliance with Eumenes, +21+, 9;

Roman legates at the congress at Cleitor, +22+, 2;

Eumenes offers 120 talents to the congress at Megalopolis, Seleucus
10 ships of war, +22+, 10-12;

difficulty as to the renewal of a treaty with Ptolemy, +22+, 12;

Q. Caecilius before the congress at Argos remonstrates on the subject
of Sparta, +22+, 13;

their dealing with Messene after the murder of Philopoemen, +23+,
16-18;

send an embassy to Rome in regard to Messene, +24+, 1;

Ptolemy presents the league with 10 ships of war, +24+, 6;

the league officers condemn Chaeron of Sparta for the murder of
Apollonides, +24+, 7;

debate in the assembly as to the orders from Rome about the Spartan
exiles, +24+, 10-12;

attitude towards Rome, +24+, 13-15;

ordered to guard Chalcis for Rome, +27+, 2 fin.;

Gaius Popilius and Gnaeus Octavius address the congress, +28+, 3;

decide to take the side of Rome against Perseus openly, +28+, 12, 13;

two embassies at Alexandria, +28+, 19, 20;

the two Ptolemies ask their help against Antiochus, +29+, 23-25;

Romanising party in Achaia, +30+, 13;

embassy to Rome, +31+, 6, 8; +32+, 7, 17; +33+, 1, 3;

Cretans ask the Achaeans for help, +33+, 16;

Achaean detenus released, +35+, 6;

Thessalians ask for help against the pseudo-Philip, +37+, 2;

asked to send Polybius to Lilybaeum, +37+, 3;

dissolution of the league by the Romans, +38+, 3-11; +39+, 7-17;

Achaean assembly or congress,

_at Aegium_, +2+, 54; +4+, 7, 26, 82; +5+, 1; +16+, 27; +28+, 3;

_at Cleitor_, +22+, 2;

_at Corinth_, +29+, 23; +33+, 16; +38+, 10;

_at Megalopolis_, +23+, 10, 16;

_at Sicyon_, +5+, 1; +23+, 17; +28+, 13; +29+, 24;

election of magistrates, +4+, 37, 82; +5+, 1; +30+, 7;

soldiers, +29+, 24;

arms, +11+, 9;

cavalry, +10+, 23;

ships, +2+, 10

Achaeus, son of Xuthus, the mythical ancestor of the Achaeans, +39+, 14

Achaeus, son of Andromachus, nephew of Laodice, mother of Antiochus
the Great, +4+, 2, 48-91, 51; +5+, 40-42, 57, 58, 61, 66, 67, 72,
78, 87, 107, 111; +7+, 17; +8+, 2;

his capture and death, +8+, 17-23

Achaia Phthiotis, +18+, 46; +47+, 7

Achelous, river, +4+, 63; +5+, 6-7, 13

Achradina, a part of Syracuse, +8+, 5, 6

Acilius Glabrio, M’., consul B.C. 191, +20+, 9, 10; +21+, 3-5

Acilus, Gaius, +33+, 2

Acrae, a town in Aetolia, +5+, 13

Acriae, a town in Laconia, +5+, 19

Acrocorinthus, the citadel of Corinth, 1900 feet high, +2+, 43, 45, 50,
51, 52, 54; +4+, 8; +7+, 11; +18+, 45

Acrolissus, citadel of the Illyrican city of Lissus, +8+, 15, 16

Acte, the, east coast of Laconia, +5+, 91

Actium, temple and town in Acarnania, on the narrowest point of the
Ambracian gulf, +4+, 63

Acusilochus, an Asiatic ruler, +25+, 2

Adaeus, governor of the town of Bubastus in Egypt, +15+, 27

Adaeus of Beroea, legate of Perseus to Genthius, +28+, 8

Adeiganes, a magistrate at Seleucus on the Tigris, +5+, 54

Adeimantus of Sparta, +4+, 22, 23

Adherbal, a Carthaginian general in the first Punic war, +1+, 44, 46,
49, 50, 52, 53

Admetus, put to death by Philip V., +23+, 10

Adriatic Sea, the, +1+, 2; +2+, 14, 16, 17, 26; +3+, 47, 61, 86-88, 110;
+10+, 1; +24+, 3; +32+, 23; +34+, 6, 7

Adrumetum, a city in Africa, +15+, 5, 15

Adua or Addua, the river Adda, a tributary of the Po, +2+, 32; +34+, 10

Adys, a town in Africa, +1+, 30

Aeacidae, descendants of Aeacus (Peleus, Achilles, Telamon, Ajax),
+5+, 2

Aecae, a town in Apulia, +3+, 88

Aegae, a town in Aeolis, +5+, 77; +33+, 13

Aegean Sea, +3+, 2; +16+, 34

Aegina, island, +9+, 42; +11+, 5; +22+, 11

Aegira, a town in Achaea, +2+, 41; +4+, 57, 58

Aegitna, a town of the Oxybii, a Ligurian tribe, +33+, 10, 11

Aegium, chief town of the Achaean league, +2+, 41, 55; +4+, 57;
+5+, 30, 101, 102; +16+, 38;

meetings of the congress at, +2+, 54; +4+, 7, 26, 82; +5+, 1;
+16+, 27, 28;

territory of, +5+, 94

Aegosagae, a tribe of Gauls invited into Asia by Attalus, +5+, 77, 78,
111

Aegospotami, the Goat’s river, on the Hellespont, +1+, 6; +12+, 25_k_

Aegusa, one of the Aegates (_Farignano_), +1+, 60

Aegusae (the Aegates), +1+, 44

Aegys, a town in Laconia, +2+, 54

Aemilia, wife of Scipio Africanus the elder, and sister of Aemilius
Paullus, +32+, 12-14

Aemilius Lepidus, M., consul B.C. 232, +2+, 21, 22

Aemilius Lepidus, M., consul B.C. 187, +16+, 34; +22+, 3; +28+, 1;
+32+, 21

Aemilius Papus, L., consul B.C. 225, +2+, 23, 26-31

Aemilius Paullus, M., consul B.C. 255, +1+, 36, 37

Aemilius Paullus, L., consul B.C. 219 and 215, +3+, 16, 18, 19, 106,
107, 116, 117; +4+, 37, 66; +5+, 108; +15+, 11

Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, L., consul B.C. 182 and 168, +18+, 35;
+29+, 1, 7, 10, 14, 15, 17, 20; +30+, 9, 10, 13, 16, 19; +31+, 3;
+32+, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 21;

his wives, +32+, 8

Aemilius Regillus, L., praetor B.C. 190, +21+, 8, 10, 24

Aena, a temple at Ecbatana, +10+, 27

Aeneas Tacticus (middle of 4th cent. B.C.), +10+, 44

Aenianian Gulf (= Sinus Maliacus), so called from the Aenianes,
+10+, 42

Aenus, a town in Thrace, mod. _Enos_, +5+, 34; +22+, 9, 15; +30+, 3

Aeolian Islands. _See_ Liparae

Aeolis, a district of Mysia between the rivers Carius and Hermus,
+5+, 77; +21+, 13, 14

Aeolus, king of the Winds, +34+, 2, 11

Aerenosii, a Spanish tribe, +3+, 35

Aeschrion, a Romanising Acarnanian, +28+, 5

Aethaleia, name of the island of Lemnus, +34+, 11

Aethiopia, +3+, 38; +34+, 16

Aetna, Mt., +1+, 55

Aetolians, the, +1+, 3, etc.;

attack Medion, +2+, 2-4;

help the Epirotes against the Illyrians, +2+, 6-12;

engage in the Social war, +2+, 37;

make peace with the Achaeans, +2+, 44;

make alliance with Antigonus Doson, and Cleomenes of Sparta, +2+,
45-49;

refuse Antigonus passage, +2+, 52;

joined by Mantinea, +2+, 57, 58;

intrigue with Antiochus, +3+, 6, 7;

invade Messenia, +4+, 9-19, 22-27, 29-31, 34-37, 53-59, 61-67, 77-80,
84;

attacked by Philip V., +5+, 2-14;

attempt to invade Thessaly, +5+, 17;

evade peace with Philip, +5+, 29. _See also_ 30, 35, 63, 91, 92, 95,
96, 99, 100-103, 105, 107;

attend a conference at Sparta, +9+, 28-39;

attack Acarnania, +9+, 40;

in alliance with Rome against Philip, +10+, 25, 26, 41, 42;

receive a legation from Rhodes on the subject of peace, +11+, 4-7;

distress and revolutionary measures, +13+, 1, 2;

fresh offence with Philip, +15+, 23;

in alliance with Nabis, +16+, 13;

at the battle of Panium, +16+, 18;

addressed by Roman envoys in Naupactus, +16+, 27;

attend a conference at Nicaea, +18+, 1-10;

fight on the Roman side in Thessaly, +18+, 19;

their superiority in cavalry, +18+, 22;

discontented with their share of spoil after Cynoscephalae, +18+, 27,
34, 38, 39;

claim Heraea, +18+, 42;

discontented with the Roman settlement of B.C. 196, +18+, 45;

claim Pharsalus, +18+, 47;

addressed by Roman legates, +18+, 48;

once in league with Achaeans against Boeotia, +20+, 4;

submit unconditionally to Rome after the battle of Thermopylae, +20+,
9-11;

the Roman terms with, +21+, 3-4;

six months’ truce allowed them in which to appeal to the Senate, +21+,
5, 8;

the Romans proclaim war with them, +21+, 25-32;

sell Aegina to Attalus, +22+, 11;

Gaius Popilius and Gnaeus Octavius order them to give hostages, +28+,
4;

their violence and habits of pillage, +30+, 11;

improvement after the death of Lyciscus, +32+, 19;

their principle of “spoil from spoil,” +18+, 4;

their character and habits, +2+, 3, 4, 45, 46, 49; +4+, 67; +9+, 38;
+18+, 4, 34;

their officers, +21+, 32

Agathagetus of Rhodes, +27+, 7; +28+, 2

Agatharchus, a Syracusan sent as ambassador to Carthage, +7+, 4

Agatharchus, son of Agathocles, king of Syracuse, +7+, 2

Agathinus of Corinth, +5+, 95

Agathoclea, daughter of Aristomenes, +15+, 39

Agathoclea, mistress of Ptolemy Philopator, +14+, 11; +15+, 25, 31-33

Agathocles, king of Syracuse, +1+, 7, 82; +8+, 12; +9+, 23; +12+, 15;
+15+, 35

Agathocles, son of Oenanthe and guardian of Ptolemy Epiphanes, +5+, 63;
+14+, 11; +15+, 25-36

Agathyrna, a city on the north coast of Sicily, +9+, 27

Agelaus of Naupactus, +4+, 16; +5+, 3, 103-105, 107

_Agema_, or guard, in the Macedonian army, +5+, 25;

in the army of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 65, 84;

in the army of Antiochus Epiphanes, +31+, 3

Agepolis of Rhodes, +28+, 16, 17; +29+, 10, 19; +30+, 4

Agesarchus of Megalopolis, father of Ptolemy, governor of Cyprus, +15+,
25; +18+, 55

Agesias, an Achaean, +30+, 13

Agesilaus II., king of Sparta, +3+, 6; +9+, 8, 23 (B.C. 398-361)

Agesilaus, son of Eudamidas, +4+, 53

Agesilochus of Rhodes, +27+, 3; +28+, 2, 16; +29+, 10

Agesipolis, son of Cleombrotus II., king of Sparta, +4+, 35

Agesipolis III., king of Sparta, son of the last, +4+, 35; +23+,
6 (B.C. 221)

Agesipolis of Dyme, +5+, 17

Agetas, Aetolian Strategus, +5+, 91, 96

Agones, a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls, +2+, 15

Agrai, a tribe in Aetolia, +18+, 5

Agrianes, a Thracian tribe, +2+, 65; +5+, 79; +10+, 42

Agrigentum, in Sicily, +1+, 17-20, 27, 43; +2+, 7; +9+, 27; +12+, 25

Agrigentus, a river, +9+, 27; mod. _Fiume di S. Biagio_, which joins
the Hypsas (mod. _Drago_)

Agrii, +25+, 4

Agrinium, a city of Aetolia, near the Achelous, +5+, 7

Agron, king of the Illyrians, +2+, 2, 4

Alabanda, city in Caria, +5+, 79; +16+, 24; +30+, 5

Alba, in Latium, +2+, 18; +37+, 2

Alcaeus of Messene, +32+, 6

Alcamenes of Sparta, +4+, 22

Alcamenes of Achaea, friend of Diaeus, +39+, 10

Alcetas, Boeotian Strategus, +22+, 4

Alcibiades, son of Clinias of Athens, +4+, 44

Alcibiades, a Spartan exile, +22+, 1, 15; +23+, 4

Alcithus of Aegium, +28+, 12, 19

Aletas, discoverer of the silver mines in Spain, +10+, 10

Alexamenus, an Aetolian Strategus, +18+, 43

Alexander the Great, +2+, 41, 71; +3+, 6, 59; +4+, 23; +5+, 10, 55;
+8+, 12; +9+, 28, 34; +10+, 27; +12+, 12_b_, 17, 18, 19, 22;
+18+, 3; +22+, 8; +29+, 21; +38+, 4

Alexander, son of Acmetus, officer of Antigonus Doson, +2+, 66

Alexander, commander of cavalry to Antigonus Doson and a minister of
Philip V., +2+, 66, 68; +4+, 87; +5+, 28; +7+, 12

Alexander of Aetolia, friend of Dorimachus, +4+, 57, 58

Alexander, father of Antigonus, the legate from Perseus to Boeotia,
+27+, 5

Alexander, ambassador to Rome from Attalus, +18+, 10

Alexander Balas, +33+, 15; +18+, 6

Alexander, king of Epirus, +2+, 45; +9+, 34

Alexander Isius, an Aetolian, +13+, 1; +18+, 3, 4, 10, 36; +21+, 25,
26

Alexander, brother of Molo, commander of Persis under Antiochus the
Great, +5+, 40, 41, 43, 54

Alexander, tyrant of Pherae in Thessaly, +8+, 1; +39+, 2

Alexander, made governor of Phocis by Philip V., +5+, 96

Alexander of Trichonium, +5+, 13

Alexander, tower of, in Thessaly, +18+, 27

Alexandria, capital town of Egypt, +2+, 69; +4+, 51; +5+, 35, 37, 40,
63, 66, 67, 79, 86, 87; +7+, 2; +12+, 25_d_; +13+, 2; +14+, 11;
+15+, 25, 26, 30; +16+, 10, 22; +22+, 7, 12; +27+, 19; +28+, 1,
17, 20, 22, 23; +29+, 2, 24, 27; +30+, 9; +31+, 5, 12, 26-28; +34+,
4, 14; +39+, 18;

obols of Alexandria, +34+, 8

Alexandria Troas, +5+, 78, 111; +21+, 13, 14

Alexis, captain of Apamea, +5+, 50

Alexo, an Achaean, +1+, 43

Alipheira, a city of Arcadia, +4+, 77, 78

Allaria, a city of Crete, +5+, 63, 65

Allobroges, +3+, 49-51

Alpheus, river in the Peloponnese, +4+, 77, 78; +12+, 4_d_; +16+, 17

Alps, +2+, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, 28, 32, 34, 35; +3+, 34, 39, 47, 48,
50-56, 60-62, 64, 65; +34+, 10, 15

Altars, the. _See_ Philaenus

Althaea, a town in Spain, +3+, 18

Amaeocritus, Boeotian Strategus, +20+, 4

Amanides Pylae, pass between Cilicia and Syria, N.N.E. of Issus, +12+,
17

Ambracian Gulf, the, +4+, 63, 66; +5+, 5, 18

Ambracus, or Ambracia, +4+, 61, 63; +18+, 10; +21+, 26-30 Sometimes
Ambracia means the territory, +4+, 61

Ambrysus, a city of Phocis, +4+, 25

Ammonius Barcaeus, an officer of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 65

Amphaxitis, a maritime district of Macedonia on the left bank of the
Axius, +5+, 97

Amphiaraus, fr. xliii.

Amphictyonic league, +4+, 25; +39+, 12

Amphidamus, Strategus of Elis, +4+, 75, 84, 86

Amphilochians, an Aetolian tribe, +18+, 5; +21+, 25

Amphipolis, a city of Macedonia, +29+, 6

Amphissa, a city of Locris, +21+, 4

Amyce, plain of, near Antioch, +5+, 59

Amyclae, a town in Laconia, +5+, 18-20, 23

Amynander, king of the Athamanes, +4+, 16; +16+, 27; +18+, 1, 10, 36,
47; +20+, 10; +21+, 25, 29

Amyntas, father of Philip II., +2+, 48; +22+, 8

Amyrus, plain of, in Thessaly, +5+, 99

_Anacleteria_ of Ptolemy Epiphanes, +18+, 55;

of Philometor, +28+, 12

_Anadendritis_, a vine, +34+, 11

Anamares, or Ananes, or Andres, or Anares, a Cisalpine Gallic tribe,
+2+, 17, 32, 34

Anas, a river in Spain (_Guadiana_), +34+, 9, 15

Anaxidamus, an Achaean officer of Philopoemen, +11+, 18

Anaxidamus, an Achaean ambassador to Rome, +31+, 6; +33+, 3

Ancus Marcius, king of Rome, fr. v.

Ancyra, a city of Galatia, +21+, 39

Anda, a city in Libya, +14+, 6

Andania, a city in Messenia, +5+, 92

Andobales (or Indibilis), king of the Ilergetes, +3+, 76; +9+, 11;
+10+, 18, 35, 37, 40; +11+, 26, 29, 31, 33; +21+, 11

Andosini, a Spanish tribe, +3+, 35

Andranodorus of Syracuse, +7+, 2, 5

Andreas, physician of Philopator, +5+, 81

Androlochus of Elis, +5+, 94

Andromachus, father of Achaeus, +4+, 51; +8+, 22

Andromachus of Aspendus, an officer of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 64, 65,
83, 85, 87

Andromachus, ambassador from Philopator to Rome, +33+, 8

Andronicus, ambassador of Attalus, +32+, 28

Andronidas, a Romanising Achaean, +29+, 25; +30+, 23; +39+, 10, 11

Androsthenes of Cyzicus, +11+, 34

Aneroestes, king of the Gaesatae, +2+, 22, 26, 31

Aniaracae, a tribe in Media, +5+, 44

Anicius Gallus, L., praetor B.C. 168, +30+, 14; +32+, 20; +33+, 9

Anio, river in Latium, +9+, 5, 7

Antalces of Gortyn in Crete, +22+, 19

Antalcidas, +1+, 6; +4+, 27; +6+, 49

Antanor of Elis, +5+, 94

Antenor, ambassador of Perseus to Rhodes, +27+, 4, 14

Anticyra, in Locris, +9+, 39;
in Phocis, +18+, 45; +27+, 16

Antigoneia, a city of Epirus, +2+, 5, 6

_Antigoneia_, games at Sicyon in honour of Antigonus Doson, +28+, 19;
+30+, 23

Antigonus the One-eyed, successor of Alexander the Great in Syria,
B.C. 323-301, +1+, 63; +5+, 67; +10+, 27; +18+, 3; +28+, 20

Antigonus Gonatas, king of Macedonia, son of Demetrius Poliorcetes,
B.C. 283-239, +3+, 41, 43-45; +9+, 29, 31, 32, 34, 38; +18+, 6;
+20+, 6

Antigonus Doson, grandson of Demetrius Poliorcetes, guardian of Philip
V., and really king of Macedonia, B.C. 229-220, +2+, 45, 47-70;
+3+, 16; +4+, 1, 3, 6, 9, 16, 22, 34, 69, 76, 82, 87; +5+, 9, 16,
24, 34, 35, 63, 89, 93; +7+, 11; +9+, 29, 36; +20+, 5

Antigonus, son of Alexander, an ambassador from Perseus to Boeotia,
+27+, 5

Antilibanus, a mountain in Coele-Syria, the eastern range of Lebanon,
+5+, 45, 59

Antimachus, a friend of Perseus, +29+, 6

Antinous of Epirus, a friend of Perseus, +27+, 15; +30+, 7

Antioch in Mygdonia, +5+, 51

Antioch on the Orontes, capital of Syria, +5+, 43, 59, 60, 87; +31+,
17; +32+, 4

Antiochis, sister of Antiochus the Great, +8+, 25

Antiochus I., Soter, king of Syria B.C. 280-261, +31+, 7

Antiochus II., Theos, king of Syria B.C. 261-246

Antiochus Hierax, son of Antiochus II., ob. B.C. 227, +5+, 74

Antiochus III., the Great, king of Syria B.C. 223-187, +1+, 3; +2+, 71;
+3+, 2, 3, 6, 7, 11, 12, 32; +4+, 2, 37, 48, 51; +5+, 1, 29, 31, 34,
40-71, 73, 79-87, 89, 105, 109; +7+, 15-18; +8+, 18-23, 25;
+10+, 27-31, 49; +11+, 34; +13+, 9; +15+, 20, 25, 37; +16+, 18, 19,
22, 27, 39; +18+, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47-52; +20+, 1-3, 7-11; +21+, 2, 4,
6, 8-21, 24, 25, 33, 43-48; +22+, 4, 5; +23+, 14; +24+, 12, 15;
+25+, 4; +28+, 1, 4, 20; +29+, 6; +39+, 14, 19;

his treaty with Rome, +21+, 45

Antiochus IV., Epiphanes, second son of Antiochus the Great, king of
Syria B.C. 175-164, +3+, 3; +16+, 18, 19; +26+, 1; +27+, 7, 19;
+28+, 1, 17-23; +29+, 2, 4, 24, 26, 27; +30+, 17; +31+, 3-6, 9,
11, 12, 21; +33+, 18

Antiochus V., Eupator, son of Epiphanes, king of Syria B.C. 164-162,
+31+, 12, 19

Antiochus, another son of Antiochus the Great according to the
historian Zeno, +16+, 18, 19

Antipater, guardian of Alexander the Great’s son Philip III., and
practically king in Macedonia B.C. 323-319, +5+, 10; +9+, 29,
30; +12+, 13

Antipater, nephew of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 79, 82, 87; +16+, 18;
+21+, 16, 17, 24

Antipatria, a town of the Illyrian Dassaretae, on the River Apsus, +5+,
108

Antiphanes of Berga, a proverbial liar (whence βεργαΐζειν), +34+, 6

Antiphatas, of Gortyn in Crete, +33+, 16

Antiphilus, an ambassador of Prusias, +32+, 28

Antipolis, a colony from Marseilles (_Antibes_), +33+, 7

Antisthenes of Rhodes, +16+, 14-15

Antium, in Latium, +3+, 22, 24

Antonius, M., Trib. Pl. B.C. 167, +30+, 4

Aous, a river in Illyria (_Viósa_), +5+, 110; +27+, 16

Apameia, a town in Syria (_Kulak-el-Mudik_), +5+, 45, 50, 56, 58, 59

Apameia, a town in Phrygia (_Denair_), +21+, 43-45, 48

Apasiacae, a Nomad tribe between the Oxus and the Asiatic Tanais, +10+,
48

Apaturius Gallus, assassin of Seleucus III., +4+, 48

Apéga, wife of Nabis, +13+, 7; +18+, 17

Apelaurum, a mountain in Arcadia, +4+, 69

Apelles, guardian and friend of Philip V., +4+, 76, 82, 84-87;
+5+, 1;

he conspires against the king, +5+, 2, 4, 14, 16, 26-29

Apelles, another friend of Philip V., +22+, 18; +23+, 1

Apennines, the, +2+, 14, 16, 17, 24; +3+, 90, 110; +33+, 11

Aperantia, a district and city of Thessaly, +20+, 13; +21+, 25

Aphrodite of Eryx, +1+, 55; +2+, 7;

temple of, at Pergamum, +18+, 2, 6;

near Saguntum, +3+, 97

Aphther, a Libyan, +32+, 2

Apia, plain of, a city of Phrygia, +5+, 77

Apis, a harbour in Egypt, +31+, 26, 27

_Apocleti_, magistrates of the Aetolians, +4+, 5; +20+, 1; cp. +21+, 4

Apodoti, an Aetolian tribe, +18+, 5

Apollo of the Greeks and Carthaginians, +7+, 9;

temples of Apollo at Amyclae, +5+, 19;

at Delphi, +39+, 17;

at Thermus, +11+, 7;

near Temnus, +32+, 27;

statue of, at Sicyon, +18+, 16;

sacred land of, in Sicyonia, _ib._;

mound of, at Tarentum, +8+, 30

Apollodorus, governor of Susiana, +5+, 54

Apollodorus, tyrant of Cassandreia, +7+, 7

Apollodorus, secretary of Philip V., +18+, 1, 8

Apollodorus, Boeotian ambassador, +23+, 16

Apollonia, town in Illyria, +2+, 9, 11; +5+, 109, 110; +7+, 9; +34+, 12

Apollonia, a city of Assyria, +5+, 43, 44, 51, 52

Apollonia, a city of Crete, +28+, 14

Apollonias, wife of Attalus I., +22+, 20

Apollonidas of Sicyon, +22+, 11, 15, 16; +28+, 6

Apollonides of Sparta, +24+, 7

Apollonides of Clazomenae, +28+, 19

Apollonius of Clazomenae, +28+, 19

Apollonius, a friend of Seleucus IV., +31+, 21;

and his son Apollonius, +31+, 19, 21

Apollophanes of Seleucia, a physician, +5+, 56, 58

Apro, a river in Liguria (some would read Οὔαρος Varus the _Var_),
+33+, 11

Aptera, a town in Crete, +4+, 55

Apuleius Saturninus, L., +32+, 28

Apustius, P., +32+, 1

Aquileia, on the Adriatic, +34+, 10, 11

Arabia, +5+, 71;

Arabians, +5+, 71, 79, 82, 85; +13+, 9

Arachosia, district in Asia, +11+, 34

Aradus, an island off the coast of Phoenicia (_Ruad_), +5+, 68

Aratthus, a river in Epirus, +21+, 26

Aratus of Sicyon, son of Clinias, his history, +1+, 3; +2+, 40; +4+,
2;

his policy and character, +2+, 40, 43-52, 56-60; +4+, 6-12, 14, 19,
24, 37, 67, 76, 82, 84-87; +5+, 1, 5, 7, 12, 15, 16, 23, 26-28,
30, 91-103; +7+, 11;
his death, +8+, 14

_See also_ +9+, 17, 23; +10+, 22; +24+, 6; +34+, 14. Vol. i. p. 283,
note.

Aratus, the younger, son of the last, +2+, 51; +4+, 37, 60, 67, 70, 72,
82; +5+, 1; +7+, 11; +24+, 6, 10

Araxus, promontory of Achaia, +4+, 59, 65

Arbo, a city in Illyria, +2+, 11

Arbucala, a city of the Vaccaei in Spain, +3+, 14

Arcades, a city in Crete, +4+, 53

Arcadia and the Arcadians, +2+, 38, 54, 56, 62; +4+, 17, 20, 21, 33,
70-77; +6+, 2; +12+, 4; +18+, 14; +39+, 7;

practice of music in, +4+, 20, 21

Arcas, the ancestor of the Arcadians, +4+, 77

Arcesilas of Pitane, academical philosopher, +10+, 22

Arcesilaus, ambassador of the Lacedaemonian exiles, +23+, 6

Arcesilaus of Megalopolis, +28+, 6; +29+, 25

Archedamus, an Aetolian, +18+, 21; +20+, 9; +28+, 4

Archedicus, a comedy writer, +12+, 13

Archias, governor of Cyprus, +33+, 5

Archicrates, an Achaean, +39+, 10

Archidamus V., king of Sparta, ob. B.C. 236-235, +4+, 35-37; +8+, 1

Archidamus, son of Pantaleon, an Aetolian, +4+, 57-58

Archimedes of Syracuse, +8+, 5, 7-9

Archippus, an Achaean, +39+, 11

Archon of Aegira, an Achaean Strategus in B.C. 189, 171, 169, +22+, 13,
14; +27+, 2; +28+, 3, 6, 7, 12; +29+, 23, 25

Ardaxanus, a river in Illyria, +8+, 15

Ardea, in Latium, +3+, 22, 24

Ardiaei, an Illyrian tribe, +2+, 11, 12

Ardyes, a Gallic tribe on the Rhone, +3+, 47

Ardys, an officer of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 53, 60

Ares, +7+, 9; +12+, +26+;
plain of, in Thrace, +13+, 10

Arethusa, a spring in Sicily, +12+, 4

Areus of Sparta, +22+, 1, 15, 16; +23+, 4

Arevaci, a Celtiberian tribe, +35+, 2, 3

Arexidamus, a soldier of Machanidas, +11+, 18

Argennum, promontory in Ionia, +16+, 8

Argolis, +2+, 64; +4+, 36; +5+, 20, 95

Argos, Argives, +2+, 44, 52-54, 59, 64, 70; +4+, 36, 82, 87; +5+,
16-18, 20, 24, 91, 92, 101; +9+, 28, 34; +10+, 26, 41; +16+, 12,
16; +18+, 2, 6, 8, 14, 17; +21+, 24; +22+, 13; +23+, 9, 12, 13;
+27+, 2; +30+, 10; +34+, 2; +39+, 8;

priestesses at, +12+, 11

Argos, Amphilochian, +21+, 30

Arianus, of Crete, +8+, 18-22

Ariarathes V., king of Cappadocia B.C. 220-163, +3+, 3; +4+, 2; +21+,
47; +24+, 1, 8, 9; +25+, 2; +31+, 12-14

Ariarathes VI., king of Cappadocia B.C. 163-130, +3+, 5; +31+, 14, 17;
+32+, 3, 5, 22, 24; +32+, 25; +33+, 6, 12

Aribazus, commandant of Sardis, +7+, 17, 18; +8+, 23

Aricia, in Latium, +3+, 22

Aridices, a Rhodian ambassador, +4+, 52

Ariminum, on the coast of Umbria (_Rimini_), +2+, 21, 23; +3+, 61, 68,
75, 77, 86, 88

Ariobazus of Sardis, +8+, 23

Arisba, town in the Troad, +5+, 111

Aristaenetus of Dyme, +11+, 11

Aristaenus, Achaean Strategus B.C. 198, 195, 187, 185, +18+, 1, 7, 13;
+22+, 10, 12, 13; +24+, 13-15

Aristarchus, a Phocaean ambassador, +21+, 6

Aristeides of Athens, +9+, 23; +32+, 8

Aristeides, an ambassador of Ptolemy Epiphanes, +28+, 20

Aristeides, a Theban painter (_flor. circ._ B.C. 350), +39+, 13

Aristocrates, king of Arcadia, +4+, 33

Aristocrates, of Rhodes, +33+, 4

_Aristocracy_, +6+, 3-8

Aristodamus, an Achaean ambassador, +30+, 13

Aristodemus, tyrant of Megalopolis, +10+, 22

Aristodemus, of Elis, fr. ii.

Aristogeiton, of Elis, +5+, 94

Aristomachus, tyrant of Argos, +2+, 44, 59

Aristomachus, of Corinth, +7+, 5

Aristomenes, guardian of Ptolemy Epiphanes, +15+, 31; +18+, 53, 54

Aristomenes, king of Messenia, +4+, 33

Ariston, Aetolian Strategus B.C. 221, +4+, 5, 9, 17

Ariston of Megalopolis, +28+, 6; +29+, 25

Ariston of Rhodes, +28+, 16

Aristonicus, a eunuch in the Court of Ptolemy Epiphanes, +22+, 7, 22

Aristonicus, a boxer, +27+, 9

Aristophantus of Acarnania, +5+, 6

Aristotle, the philosopher, +12+, 5-8, 11, 23, 24

Aristotle of Argos, +2+, 53

Aristotle, Rhodian ambassador, +31+, 1

Arius, a river in Asia (_Heri Rud_), +10+, 49

Armenas, son of Nabis, +21+, 2

Armenia, +9+, 43; +25+, 2

_Armies_, necessary accomplishment for commanding, +4+, 12-20

Armosata, a city of Armenia, +8+, 25

Arpani, people of Arpi, in Apulia, +3+, 88, 118

Arretium, a city of Etruria (_Arezzo_), +2+, 16, 19; +3+, 77, 80

Arsaces III., king of the Parthians, +10+, 28

Arsinoe, wife of Ptolemy Philadelphus, +15+, 25

Arsinoe, sister and wife of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 83, 84, 87; +15+,
25, 32, 33

Arsinoe, a city of Aetolia, +30+, 11

Artabazanes, an Asian prince, +5+, 55, 57

Artaxerxes II., Mnemon, king of Persia, +1+, 6; +12+, 25_f_,
B.C. 405-362

Artaxias, a prince in Armenia, +25+, 2; +31+, 17

Artemidorus of Syracuse, +1+, 8

Artemis, temples of, near Lusi, +4+, 18, 19, 25; +9+, 34;

at Abydos, +16+, 31;

near Pergamum, +32+, 27;

near Elyma, +31+, 11;

worship of, at Syracuse, +8+, 37;

image of, at Bargylia, +16+, 12

Artemisium in Elis, +4+, 73

Arunculeius, Gaius, +33+, 1, 9

_As_, Roman coin, +2+, 15; +6+, 39

Asclepius (Aesculapius), temples of, at Agrigentum, +1+, 18;

at New Carthage, +10+, 10;

at Ambracia, +21+, 27;

at Pergamum, +32+, 27

Ascondas of Boeotia, +20+, 5

Asia, one of the three divisions of the world, +2+, 37; +3+, 37, 38,
59; +34+, 7

This side Taurus, = Asia Minor, +3+, 3; +4+, 2, 48; +21+, 14, 45;
cp. +5+, 34, 90

Asine, a city in Laconia, +5+, 19

Asine, a city in Messenia, +18+, 42

Aspasiacae, a Nomad tribe in Asia, +10+, 48

Aspasianus, a Mede, +5+, 79

Aspasius of Elis, +5+, 94

Aspendus, in Pamphylia, +5+, 73; +21+, 35

Aspis, a city in Africa (Clupea), +1+, 29, 34, 36

Ass’s Back (_Onei Montes_), +2+, 52

Assyrians, +12+, 28; +39+, 6

Astapa, a city in Spain, +11+, 24

Asti, a Thracian tribe, +13+, 10

Astias (Artemis), +16+, 12

Astymedes, of Rhodes, +27+, 7; +30+, 4, 5, 22; +31+, 6, 7; +33+, 15

Atabyrium, mountain and town in Galilee, +5+, 70

Athamanes, a tribe in Epirus, +4+, 16; +16+, 27; +18+, 36; +20+, 10;
+21+, 25, 31; +22+, 9; +23+, 1

Athenè, temples of, at Rhodes, +31+, 15;

at Agrigentum, +9+, 27;

at Sparta (of the Brazen-house), +4+, 22, 35;

at Itone, +4+, 25; +25+, 3;

among the Insubres, +2+, 32;

statue of, at Alipheira, +4+, 78;

games of, +4+, 49

Athens, +5+, 27; +12+, 13, 25, 26; +16+, 25, 27; +38+, 4, 11;

Olympieium at, +26+, 1

Athenians, the, their triremes, +1+, 63;

assessment of, +2+, 62;

capture of Chrysopolis, +4+, 44;

conquered by Philip II., +5+, 10;

their adulation of Ptolemy IV., +5+, 10;

relieve Mantinea, +9+, 8;

their colonies in Thrace, +9+, 28;

suffer under Antipater, +9+, 29;

hostility to Sparta, +12+, 6;

at Aegospotami, +12+, 25_k_;

their reception of king Attalus, +16+, 25, 26;

attacked by Philip V., +16+, 34;

intercede for the Aetolians, +21+, 4, 25, 29-31;

beaten at Chaeroneia, +22+, 6;

addressed by Roman Senate, +24+, 12;

send ambassadors to Alexandria, +28+, 19, 20;

petition the Senate for Delos and Lemnos, +30+, 21; +32+, 17;

their quarrel with Oropus, +32+, 25;

their resistance to Xerxes, +38+, 4;

their republican constitution, +6+, 43, 44, cp. +9+, 23;

their list of Archons, +12+, 11

Athenaeum, a fortress near Megalopolis, +2+, 46, 54; +4+, 37, 60, 81

Athenaeum, a promontory of Campania (_Promontorium Minervae_,
_Punta della Campanella_), +34+, 11

Athenaeus, son of Attalus I., +23+, 1; +31+, 9; +32+, 28; +33+, 1, 13

Athenagoras, a mercenary officer of Philip V., +18+, 22

Athinis, an Egyptian prince, +22+, 7

Athyrnus. _See_ Vulturnus

Atilius, Aulus, +27+, 2

Atilius Calatinus, A., consul B.C. 258, 254, +1+, 24, 38

Atilius Regulus, M., consul B.C. 267, 256, +1+, 26, 28-31, 33-35

Atilius Regulus, C., consul B.C. 257, 250, +1+, 25, 39, 41-48

Atilius Regulus, M., consul B.C. 227, 217, +3+, 106, 114, 116

Atilius Regulus, Gaius, consul B.C. 225, +2+, 23, 27, 28

Atilius Serranus, Gaius, praetor B.C. 218, +3+, 40

Atintanes, a tribe in Epirus, +2+, 5, 11; +7+, 9

Atis, a Boian chief, +2+, 21

Atlantic Ocean, the, +3+, 37, 57, 59; +16+, 29

Atreus, son of Pelops, +34+, 2

Atropatei, a tribe in Asia, +5+, 44

Attalus I., king of Pergamum B.C. 241-197, +3+, 3; +4+, 48, 49, 65;
+5+, 77, 78, 105, 107, 111; +9+, 30; +10+, 41, 42; +11+, 7; +16+,
1-9, 24-28, 30, 34, 40; +18+, 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 16, 17, 41; +21+,
20, 48; +22+, 11, 20; +32+, 22;

the Athenians name a tribe Attalica after him, +16+, 25

Attalus II., succeeds his brother Eumenes II. B.C. 159-138, +3+, 5;
+21+, 39, 43; +22+, 20; +23+, 11; +24+, 5, 8; +27+, 18; +28+, 7,
12; +29+, 6; +30+, 1-3; +31+, 9; +32+, 3, 5, 22, 27, 28; +33+, 1,
6, 9, 12; +37+, 6

Attalus III., son of Eumenes II., succeeded his uncle B.C. 138-133,
+30+, 2; +33+, 18

Attica, valuation of, +2+, 72; +5+, 29;

excellence of its silver, +21+, 32, 45

Attis, priest of Cybele, +21+, 37

Aufidus, river, in Apulia (_Ofanto_), +3+, 110; +4+, 1

Aurelius Orestes, L., consul B.C. 157, +31+, 12; +38+, 7, 8

Ausones, in Italy, +34+, 11

Autaritus, a leader of Gallic mercenaries, +1+, 77-80, 85, 86

Autolychus, of Rhodes, +16+, 5

Autonous, a Thessalian, +7+, 5

Azanis, a district in Arcadia containing 17 towns (_St. Byz._), +4+,
70

Azorium, a town of Perrhaebia in Thessaly, +28+, 13

BABYLON, +5+, 48, 51, 52; +9+, 43

Babyrtas, a Messenian, +4+, 4

Bactra, capital of Bactriana, +29+, 12

Bactriana, +10+, 48, 49; +11+, 34

Baebius, L., praetor B.C. 189, +15+, 1, 4

Baebius Tamphilus, M., consul B.C. 181, +22+, 9

Baecula, a town in Spain, +10+, 38; +11+, 20;

battle of, +10+, 39

Baetis, river in Spain (Guadalquivir), +34+, 9

Balacer, father of Pantauchus, +27+, 8

Balacer, son of Pantauchus, +29+, 4

Balearic slingers, +1+, 67; +3+, 33, 72, 83, 113; +15+, 11

_Ballistae_, +9+, 41

Bantia, town in Illyria, +5+, 108

Barathra, in Egypt, +5+, 80

Barca, a city in Cyrene, +5+, 65

Barcas. _See_ Hamilcar

Bardylis, an Illyrian prince, +39+, 2

Bargusii, a Spanish tribe, +3+, 35

Bargylia, a town in Caria, +16+, 12, 24; +18+, 2, 8, 44, 48, 50;

gulf of, +16+, 12

Barmocarus, a Carthaginian, +7+, 9

Barnus, in Macedonia, +34+, 12

Bastarnae, tribe on the Danube, +25+, 6

Batanaea, in Palestine, +16+, 39

Bato, fr. xliii.

Battacus, priest of Cybele, +21+, 37

_Beacons._ _See_ Signals

Belli, a Celtiberian tribe, +35+, 2

Belmina, in Arcadia, +2+, 54

Benacus, lake, +34+, 10

Beneventum, in Samnium, +3+, 90

Berenice, daughter of Ptolemy Philadelphus, wife of Antiochus II.,
+5+, 58; fr. xxvi.

Berenice, wife of Ptolemy Euergetes, +5+, 36; +15+, 25

Berga, in Macedonia, +34+, 5, 6

Beroea, in Macedonia, +27+, 8; +28+, 8

Berytus, in Phoenicia (_Beirút_), +5+, 61, 68

Bessi, a Thracian tribe, +23+, 8

Bionidas, of Sparta, +4+, 22

Bippus, an Argive, +23+, 18; +24+, 1, 2

Bithynians, +4+, 50, 52; +8+, 24; +37+, 7

Bito, of Argos, +22+, 20

Bodencus, Gallic name of the Po, +2+, 16

Boeae, town in Laconia, +5+, 19

Boei, an Illyrican tribe, +5+, 108

Boeotarch, +18+, 43

Boeotia, Boeotians, +2+, 49, 65; +4+, 9, 15, 25, 67; +9+, 38; +10+,
41; +11+, 5; +13+, 8; +18+, 11, 14, 43; +20+, 2; +21+, 20; +22+,
4; +23+, 16; +24+, 12; +27+, 1, 2, 5, 38; +32+, 20;

the decline of Boeotia, +20+, 4-7;

Panboeotian congress, +4+, 3; +9+, 34

Boii, Cisalpine Gauls, +2+, 17, 20-24, 28, 30, 31; +3+, 40, 56, 67

Bolax, a city of Triphylia in Elis, +4+, 77, 80

Bolis, of Crete, +8+, 17-22

Bomilcar, a Carthaginian suffes, +3+, 33, 42

Bomilcar, a Carthaginian admiral, +9+, 9

Boodes, of Carthage, +1+, 21

Bosporus, Cimmerian (_Straits of Yeni Kalè_), +4+, 39

Bosporus, Thracian (_Channel of Constantinople_), +4+, 39, 43

Bostarus, Carthaginian general, +1+, 30, 79

Bostor, Carthaginian general, +3+, 98, 99

Botrys, city of Phoenicia, +5+, 68

Botrys, a Messenian writer, +12+, 13

Bottia, in Macedonia, +5+, 97

Brachylles, a Boeotian, +18+, 1, 43; +20+, 5, 7; +22+, 4

_Brazen shields_, men with, Macedonians, +2+, 66, 67;

Megalopolitans, +2+, 65; +4+, 69;

in Syrian army, +31+, 3

Breasts, the, sandbanks at the mouth of Danube, +4+, 41

Brennus, leader of the Gallic invaders, +4+, 46; +9+, 30, 35

Britain, +3+, 57; +34+, 5, 10

Brochi, in Coele-Syria, +5+, 46, 61

Brundisium, in Calabria, +2+, 11; +10+, 1; +21+, 24; +29+, 6; +30+,
20; +32+, 20;

a Brundisian, +3+, 69

Bruttii, or Bruttium, +1+, 56; +9+, 7, 25, 27; +11+, 6; +13+, 10

Bubali, in Africa, +12+, 3

Bubastus, in Egypt, +15+, 27

Buchetus, in Epirus, +21+, 26

Bura, town in Achaia, +2+, 41

Bylazora, town in Paeonia, +5+, 97

Byttachus, a Macedonian, +5+, 79, 82

Byzachium, district in Africa, +3+, 23; +12+, 1

Byzantium and Byzantines, +3+, 2;

its site and war with Rhodians, +4+, 38, 39, 42-52; +5+, 63, 100

_See also_ +8+, 24; +11+, 4; +16+, 2; +18+, 2; +22+, 18; +34+, 12

CADI, a town in Maeonia, +33+, 12

Cadmea, the, citadel of Thebes, +4+, 27

Cadusii, a tribe in Asia, +5+, 44, 79

Caecilius Metellus Denter, L., consul B.C. 284, +2+, 19

Caecilius Metellus, L., consul B.C. 251, +1+, 39

Caecilius Metellus, Q., consul B.C. 206, +22+, 1, 6, 9, 13, 15, 16;
+23+, 2, 4

Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus, Q., +38+, 10, 11; +39+, 7, 10, 11

Caesarea, in Cappadocia, fr. xx.

Calabrians, the, +10+, 1

Calamae, fort in Messenia, +5+, 92

Calamus, a town in Phoenicia, +5+, 68

Calchedon, on the Propontis (_Chalkedon_ or _Kadi-Kivi_), +4+, 39, 43,
44; +15+, 23

Calena, or Calela, a fort near Larinum, +3+, 101

Cales, in Campania (_Calvi_), +3+, 91

Calicoeni, an Illyrian tribe, +5+, 108

Calleas, of Thespiae, +27+, 1

Callias, a pancratiast of Athens, +28+, 19

Callicrates, of Leontium in Achaia, +24+, 10-12; +29+, 23-25; +30+, 13,
23; +31+, 8; +33+, 16; +37+, 5

Callicritus, a Boeotian, +22+, 4

Calligito, of Byzantium, +4+, 52

Callimachus, school of, +12+, 25_d_.

Calliope, a city of the Parthians, +10+, 31

Callipolis, a city of Aetolia, +20+, 13

Callippus, of Ambracia, +21+, 25, 26

Callisthenes, of Olynthus, historian, +4+, 33; +6+, 45; +12+, 11, 26

Callistratus, of Elis, +20+, 3

Callonitis, district in Mesopotamia, +5+, 54

Calpitus, a city in Galatia, +24+, 8

Calycadnus, promontory in Cilicia, +21+, 45

Calydonia, district of Aetolia, +4+, 65, 95

Calynda, a city of Caria, +31+, 15, 16

Camarina, a city in Sicily, +1+, 24, 37; +12+, 25_k_.

Cambylus, a Cretan, +8+, 17-20

Camerinum, a city in Umbria, +2+, 19

Cammani, a tribe in Asia, +31+, 9

Campania, +3+, 90, 91; +34+, 11;

the Campanian Mamertines, +1+, 7, 8

_See also_ +2+, 24; +3+, 118; +7+, 1; +24+, 15

Campus Martius, the, +12+, 4_b_

Camus, town in Palestine, +5+, 70

Candavia, mountain in Illyria, +34+, 12

Cannae, in Apulia, +3+, 107;

battle of, +3+, 113-117; +4+, 1; +5+, 105, 110, 111; +6+, 11, 58;
+15+, 7, 11

Canobus, or Canopus, town in Egypt, +5+, 39

Canuleius, ambassador to Egypt, +31+, 18

Canusium, town in Apulia, +3+, 107

Caphyae, town in Arcadia, +2+, 52; +4+, 11, 12, 68, 70;

plain of, +4+, 11, 13

Capitolium, +1+, 6; +2+, 18, 31; +6+, 19

Cappadocians, +3+, 5; +4+, 2; +5+, 43; +21+, 43; +24+, 8; +31+, 13,
14, 17; +32+, 25;

Cappadocia, extent of, fr. xx.

Capros, river in Assyria, +5+, 51

Capua, +2+, 17; +3+, 90, 91; +9+, 3-5; +26+, 2; +34+, 11

Carchi, a tribe in Asia, +5+, 44

Cardaces, Asiatic mercenaries of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 79, 82

Caria, +3+, 2; +5+, 36, 41; +16+, 40; +21+, 24, 48; +22+, 5; +31+, 7,
15;

Carian war, +16+, 12;

freed from the Rhodians, +30+, 5;

as worthless as a Carian, +10+, 32

Carmania, district in Asia, +5+, 79, 82; +11+, 34

Carneades, Academic philosopher, vol. ii. p. 466

Carneium, in Laconia, sacred to Apollo, +5+, 19

Carpetani, a tribe in Spain, +3+, 14; +10+, 7

Carseae (or Caresus), a town in the Troad, +5+, 77

Carsignatus, a Gallic chief in Galatia, +24+, 8

Carthaea, a town in Ceos, +16+, 40

Carthage, its position, +1+, 73, 75;

its religion, +3+, 25; +7+, 9; +31+, 20;

its government, +1+, 3; +6+, 43, 47, 51, 56;

its magistrates, +3+, 33, 42, 51;

its senate, +1+, 21, 68; +6+, 51; +10+, 18; +36+, 4;

the Hundred, +36+, 4;

its dominion, +5+, 39; +9+, 11;

its navy, +6+, 52;

its cavalry, +3+, 110, 117;

its oppressive rule, +1+, 72

_See also_ +1+, 19; +6+, 52; +11+, 19; +14+, 1, 5; +15+, 4

Punic cunning, +3+, 78;

boys, +15+, 30

Carthage, New, in Spain, +2+, 13; +3+, 13-17, 33, 39, 76, 95; +5+, 1;

its situation, +10+, 10;

its capture, +10+, 11-16

_See also_ +10+, 6, 8; +11+, 31; +34+, 9; +39+, 19

Carthalo, a Carthaginian general, +1+, 53, 54

Caryneia, a city of Achaia, +2+, 41

Carystus, a city of Euboea, +18+, 47

Casius, a mountain on the borders of Egypt and Arabia Petraea
(_El Katieh_), +5+, 80

Caspian, the. _See_ Hyrcanian Sea

Caspian pass, the, in Media, +5+, 44

Cassander, son of Antipater, successor of Alexander the Great in
Macedonia and Greece B.C. 306-296, +2+, 41; +5+, 67; +9+, 29;
+12+, 13

Cassander, of Aegina, +22+, 11

Cassander, of Corinth, +5+, 95

Cassander, minister of Philip V., +22+, 17, 18

Cassander, an ambassador from Phocaea, +21+, 6

Cassius Longinus, C., consul B.C. 171, +27+, 6

Castulo, a town in Spain (_Cazlona_), +10+, 38; +11+, 20

_Catapults_, +1+, 74; +11+, 11

Caucasus (_Hindoo Koosh_), +10+, 48; +11+, 34

Caulonia, a Greek city on the east coast of Bruttium, +2+, 39; +10+,
1

Caunus, a city in Caria, +30+, 5, 9, 22; +31+, 1, 7, 16

Cavarus, king of the Gauls in Thrace, +4+, 46, 52; +8+, 24

Celtiberians, in Spain, +3+, 5, 17; +11+, 31; +14+, 7, 8; +25+, 1;
+34+, 1;

their horses and swords, fr. xxi., xxii.

Celtici, a tribe in Baetica, +34+, 9

Celts (Polybius seems to use the words Κελτοί and Γαλάται
indifferently). _See_ Gauls

Cenchreae, the eastern port of Corinth, +2+, 59, 60; +4+, 19; +5+, 29,
101; +18+, 16

Cenomani, a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls, +2+, 17, 23, 24, 32

Censors, the, +6+, 13, 17

Centaurs, the, +8+, 11

Centenius, Gaius, propraetor B.C. 217, +3+, 86

_Centurions_, +6+, 24, 30, 36, 41

Ceos, island in the Aegean, +16+, 26, 40

Cephallenia, the largest island in the Ionian Sea (_Cephalonia_), +3+,
3; +4+, 6; +5+, 3-5, 109, 110; +21+, 26, 30, 32; +27+, 7

Cephalo, a servant of Aratus, +8+, 14

Cephalus, a Molossian, +27+, 15; +30+, 7, 8

Cephisodorus, ambassador from Athens, +18+, 10

Ceraeas, an officer of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 70, 71

Ceraunian Mountains, in Epirus, +34+, 6

Cerax, a town in Illyria, +5+, 108

Cercidas, of Megalopolis, +2+, 48, 50, 65

Cercidas, an Arcadian, +18+, 14

Cercina, an island off the lesser Syrtis (_Karkenah_), +3+, 96

Ceretae, a town in Crete, +4+, 53

Cersobleptes, king of the Thracians, +39+, 2

Cesbedium, a temple of Zeus in Pisidia, +5+, 76

_Cestros, the_, +27+, 11

Chaereas, an historian, +3+, 20

Chaeron, of Sparta, +23+, 4, 18; +24+, 7

Chaeroneia, in Boeotia, +5+, 10; +18+, 14; +22+, 6; +27+, 1

Chalceia, a town in Aetolia, +5+, 94

Chalcidian Mount, in Sicily, +1+, 11

Chalcis, in Euboea, +5+, 2, 26; +9+, 28; +10+, 42, 43; +18+, 11, 45;
+20+, 3, 8; +27+, 2, 7; +38+, 5; +39+, 17

Chaldeans, the, +34+, 2

Chalesus, an Aetolian ambassador, +29+, 9

_Chalkeia, bronze works in Africa_, +12+, 1

Charadra, or -drus, a town in Epirus, +4+, 63; +21+, 26

Chares, an Athenian, +9+, 23

Charimortus, a friend of Scopas, +18+, 55

Charixenus, an Aetolian, +4+, 34

Charmion, of Crete, +22+, 19

Charops, of Epirus, father of Machatas, +20+, 3; +27+, 15

Charops, of Epirus, son of Machatas, +27+, 15; +30+, 12, 13; +31+, 8;
+32+, 20, 21

Charybdis, +34+, 3

Chattenia, district in Arabia, +13+, 9

Chersonese, Tauric, +25+, 2

Chersonese, Thracian, +18+, 51; +21+, 15, 22, 48

Chesuphus, an Egyptian, +22+, 7

Chilon, of Sparta, +4+, 81

Chimarus, of Crete, +29+, 6

Chiomara, wife of Ortiago the Gaul, +21+, 38

Chiron’s villa, near Messene, +4+, 4

Chius,