Chapter IX (3)

Anaxilas, 164

Andania, religious ceremonies of, restored by Epaminondas, 111

Angites, 453

Antæus, 442

Anthes, 118

Antiphemus, 122

Antiphus, 419

Apaturia, festival of, 91

ἀπενιαυτισμὸς, 341

Aphamiotæ, ii. 51

Aphidnæ, 167. 431

Ἀπέλλων, 312

Aphrodite, 322. 405

Apollo, etymology of the name, 311
ἀγυιεὺς, 310. 363
ἀκήσιος, 307
ἀλεξίκακος, 307
ἀποτροπαῖος, 308
of Belvidere, 368
of Calamis, 366
of Canachus, ibid. ii. 383
of Citharœdus, 368
γενέτωρ, 302
δεκατηφόρος, 247
Delphinius, 227. 245
ἐλελεὺς, 309
ἐπικούριος, 307
ἐρέσιος, 248
Erythibius, 238. 299
Gryneus, 247
ἰατρὸς, 308
Καρνεῖος, 360
Κισσεὺς, 361
καταιβάσιος, 307
λεσχηνόριος, 263
λεπιτύμνιος, 248
λοίμιος, 308
of the Lycæum, 368
Lycius, 240. 313
Malloeis, 248
ναπαῖος, ibid.
νεομήνιος, 299
Nomius, 295
of Onatas, 366
πασπάριος, 240
πατρῷος, 257. 263
Philesius, 245
προστάτης, 308
προστατήριος, ibid.
Pythaëus, 93. 267
Σμίνθειος, 240. 298
Thyrxeus, 238

Apollonia, 131. in Crete, 227. 283
constitution of, ii. 160

Apophthegms, ii. 386

Arcadia, 75

Arcadians, 197

Architecture, Doric, style of, ii. 269

Areopagus, 340

Ares, 406

Arethusa, 380

Argos, colonies, 112
constitution, ii. 145
courts of justice, ii. 229
history, 169. 172. 175. 190. 197
kings, ii. 111
slaves, ii. 54
tribes, ii. 76
character, ii. 407
dialect, ii. 435, 436

Ἀργεῖοι, a name of the Helots, ii. 43

Argolis described, 78

Argura, 26

Arion, ii. 372. ii. 375

Ariphron, ii. 378

Aristæus, 295

Aristeas, 290

Aristocrates, 165

Aristodemus, 99. ii. 443

Aristomachus, 65

Aristomenes, 157. 165. 168

Artemis, 374
Ætolian, 374
Arcadian, 376
Attic, 383
Doric, 372
Ephesian, 389
Leucophrynè, 392
Orthia, 383
ποταμία, 380
Pergæan, 393
of Sipylus, 392

Asine, 46

Asopus, 89

Aspendus, 124

Astæus, 133

Asteria, 321

Astypalæa, 116. ii. 177

Athamanes, 7

Athenè ὀπτιλέτις, 397
ὀξυδέρκης, ibid.
ἀκρία, ibid.

Atintanes, 457

Atrax, 26. 29

Attica, 256

Axius, 451

Azorum, 23. 25. 30

Babyca, ii. 90

Bacchiadæ, ii. 138. ii. 451

Βαλλὴν, 10

Barnus, 453

Baths of Lacedæmon, ii. 283

Bermius, 453.

Bessi, 10

Bibasis, ii. 345

Bidiæi, ii. 131. ii. 228

Bisaltia, 454

Black broth of Sparta, ii. 285

Blæsus, ii. 369

Bœotia, 262

Bœum, 39. 44

Bottiais, 455

Βοῦαι, ii. 310

Branchidæ. 246

Brasidas, 218. ii. 406

Brass, pound of, unit of the Italian money system, ii. 224

Bryallicha, ii. 346

Brygians, 8. 481

Buagi, ii. 131

Bucolic poetry, ii. 350

Busiris, 442

Bulis, 49

Byzantium, 133. 250
slaves, ii. 62
constitution, ii. 174
character, ii. 411
dialect, ii. 437

Cadmus, 255
of Cos, 187

Cænidæ, 97

Callicratidas, ii. 405

Callisto, 377

Calydna, 114. 116

Camarina, 129

κάναθρα, ii. 292

Carmanor, 228. 234. 350

Carnean games, list of conquerors at, 144

Carnus, 66

Carpathus, 116. 120

Carphæa, 44

Caryatides, ii. 348

Carystus, 47

Casmene, 129

καστόριον, ii. 341

Casus, 120

Ceadas, 157

Celts, 2

Centaurs, 417

Cephalus, 251

Cephisus, 38

Cercopes, 422. 447

Ceronia, 139

Ceyx, 59. 416

Chalcedon, 133. 250

Chalcidians, 278

Chalcis in Ætolia, 130

Chaonians, 6

Charadra, 39

Charinus, ii. 361

Charites, 407

Charondas, laws of, ii. 230. 234. 241

Χιτὼν, ii. 274. ii. 277

Χλαῖνα, ii. 277

Chlamys, 478

Chones, 6

Choral poetry, ii. 374

Χωρίτης, ii. 22

Chorus, ii. 262. 334

Chronology and history, early materials for, 142

Chryse, 386

Chrysothemis, 228. 350. 355. ii. 379

Cimon, treaty of, 205

Cinadon, ii. 232

Cinæthon, 156

Cirrha, 272. 276

Claros, 246

κλεινὸς, ii. 302

Cleisthenes of Sicyon, 178

Cleobulus, ii. 378

Cleodæus, 65

Cleonæ, 79. 90

Cleosthenes, 153. ii. 445

κλῆρος, ii. 32

Clytiadæ, 272

Cnacion, ii. 90

Cnidos, 137
constitution of, ii. 177

Cnosus, 493. ii. 137

Comedy, ii. 354
introduction of at Athens, ii. 355
Sicilian, ii. 356

Community of property in Sparta, ii. 197
of husbands, ii. 201

Congress of the Greeks, 203

Conquest of the Peloponnese, 85

Contoporia, 79

Corcyra, 130

Corcyra, Black, 138

Corybas, 229

Corinth, history, 94, 95. 181
colonies, 127
slaves, ii. 58
kings, ii. 112
courtesans, ii. 300
character, ii. 408
prytanes, ii. 138
constitution, ii. 150. ii. 155

Cos, 114. 120

Cosmus, ii. 2

Craugallidæ, 47. 276

Cresphontes, 70

Crestonica, 454

Crete, character, ii. 406
Cosmi, ii. 134
Doric migration to, 34
later migrations, 36
education, ii. 311
gerusia, ii. 98
laws, ii. 237
music, ii. 333
princes, ii. 113
public assembly, ii. 92
slaves, ii. 50
dialect, ii. 436

Crissa, or Cirrha, 230. 281

Crissæans, 47

Crœsus, 347

Crotona, 140. 281. 286. 439
constitution, ii. 184
character, ii. 413

Cryassa, 116

Cultivation, proofs of in the Peloponnese, 81
carried on by the conquered races, 83

Curetes, 229

Curium, 124

Cyclopian hall, 87

Cycnus, 225. 414

Cynosura, ii. 48

Cynuria, 171. 174. 190

Cyphus, 28. 31

Cypselus, 97. 181

Cyrene, 136. 283
constitution, ii. 178
ephors, ii. 114
tribes, 62
character, 412
dialect, 438

Cytinium, 40. 44

Damastes, 291

Δαμοσία, ii. 251

Daphne, 302

Daphnephorus, 223

Decelea, 431

Deianira, 68. 416

Δεικηλίκται, ii. 348

Deimalea, ii. 348

Deipnias, 224

Deiphontes, 90. 119

Delians, 207

Delos, 229. 287. 320. 343

Delphi, temple of, 225. 231
constitution, ii. 274. 372. 188
kings, ii. 114. ii. 138
laws, ii. 237
character, ii. 414
dialect, ii. 439

Delphine, 324

Delphinia, 262

Demeter, 398
Cabirian worship of at Andania, 111
Syracusan, 401
Triopian, 115
Χθονία, 402
worship of, ii. 339

Demiurgi, ii. 144

Democracy, ii. 9

Δῆμος, ii. 8

Dercylidas, ii. 405

Deucalion, 20

Deuriopus, 459

Dexamenus, 417

Diagoridæ, 119

Dionysus, 403

Dioscuri, tombs of, 103. 408

Dipæa, battle of, 207

Dipodia, ii. 345

Dirges, 354

Dithyramb, 405

Dium, 24

Doberus, 460

Dodona, 6. 28

δόκανα, 408

Doliche, 23. 25

Dorians, migration of to different parts of the north of Greece, 36
to the Peloponnese, 58
to Crete, 34. 493
probable number at the invasion, 84
jocularity of, ii. 370

Doric constitution, ii. 11
epic poets, ii. 378
dialect, 417

Doridas, 96

Dorieus, 141. ii. 151

Doris, or Doric Tetrapolis, 38. 43

Dorium, 43

Dorus, 43. 490

Dowry of Spartan women, ii. 204

Drymea, 38

Dryope, 44

Dryopians, 45. 93

Dymanes, ii. 76

Ἑβδομαὶ, 338

Echemus, 63

Edessa, 479

Edonians, 465

Εἴλως, derivation of, ii. 30

Eilythyia, 262

Eion, 46

εἰσπνήλας, ii. 300

ἔκκλητοι, 201

Eleusinia, 402

Eleutherolacones, ii. 19

Elis, hollow, 80. 202
periœci of, ii. 57. ii. 74
gerusia of, ii. 99

Ἐλωὸς, 319

Elymea, 457

Elyrus, 228

Emathia, 473. 479

Ἐμβατήριον, ii. 342

Empelori, ii. 131

ἔμφρουρος, ii. 243

Encheleans, 7. 37

ἐνιαυτὸς, 329. 341. 429

ἐνναετηρὶς, 261. 337. 429. ii. 103

Enomoty, ii. 245

Ἠοῖαι of Hesiod, 58. 491

Eordians, 459. 468. 482

ἐπευνακταὶ, ii. 44

Ephetæ, 340

Ephors, ii. 114

Ephyra, when changed to Corinth, 96
in Thesprotia, 96. 121. 317. 419

Epicharmus, ii. 356. ii. 358. 360-363

Epidamnus, 131. ii. 217
constitution of, ii. 159

Epidaurus, 79. 91
constitution of, ii. 149
kings of, ii. 113
slaves of, ii. 57

Epidemiurgi of Corinth, ii. 144

Epigenes of Sicyon, ii. 371

Epimenides, 355. ii. 394

Epirus, 6. 477.

Epitadeus, law of, ii. 202

Equals, ὅμοιοι, ii. 84

Eratidæ, 113

Erigon, 451

Erineus, 40. 43

Eros, 407

ἐρυκτὴρ, ii. 35. 43

Erysichthon, 400

Erytheia, 420

ἑστιοπάμων, ii. 199

Euæchme, 58

Eumelus, 129. 156

Eurotas, 76. 81
plain of, 76

Euryanax, ii. 461

Eurysthenes and Procles, 100. 107. 144

Eurystheus, 59
tomb of, 61

Eurytus, 411.

Expiations, 332. 342

Families, preservation of, in Sparta, ii. 198

Fate, 330. 345

Flute, 351

Gagæ, 122

Gargettus, 60

Gela, 122. ii. 168

Geography of the Peloponnese, 73

Geomori of Samos, ii. 7

Γέρανος, 358

Gergis, 242

Gerusia in Doric states, ii. 93. ii. 156. ii. 228

Geryoneus, 420

Glaucus, 111

Goat, a symbol of Alollo, 325

Gomphi, 27

Gonnocondylum, 22

Gonnus, 22, 23

Gortyna, 136. 227

Government, ancient notion of, ii. 1

Gryneum, 280

Gylippus, 218

Gymnastic exercises, ii. 313

Gymnesii, 191. ii. 54

Hair, Spartan mode of wearing the, ii. 281

Haliacmon, 452

Halicarnassus, 115
by whom colonized, 115. 118

Harma, 259

Harmosyni, ii. 131

Hecatæus of Abdera, 293

Hecatus, 268

Heiresses, Athenian and Spartan laws respecting, ii. 205

Helice, 71

Hellen, 20. 490

Hellenes, 11. 20. 471

Helos, 100

Helots, ii. 29
dress of, ii. 37
indecent dances of, ii. 39
military service of, ii. 34
number of, ii. 44
rent of, ii. 31
treatment of, ii. 43

Hephæstus, 406

Heraclea on the Pontus, 49. 140
constitution, ii. 116
public offices, ii. 120
slaves, ii. 62

Heraclea Sciritis, constitution, ii. 183
ephors, ii. 115
dialect, ii. 438

Heraclidæ, whether Dorians or not, 54
defeated at Tegea, 63
their final expedition, 65. ii. 443

Hercules, account of in Homer, 51
ἀλεξίκακος, 445
costume, 434
ἱποκτόνος, 445
κορνοπίων, ibid.
labours, 433
fabulous right to the Peloponnese, 51. 275. 410
purification of, 436
Sandon, 440
servitude of, 414. 429
subdues the Dryopians, 46

Here, 395

Hermes, 307. 311

Hermione, 46. 193
dialect, ii. 437

Herodotus, ii. 385

Heroic age, constitution of, ii. 6

Hexapolis, Doric, 115

Hieromnamon, ii. 173

Hierapytna, 398

ἱλαροτραγῳδία, ii. 368

ἱμάτιον, ii. 274

Himera, 129

Hippodamus of Miletus, ii. 266

Hippotes, 66. 94

Historians, Doric, ii. 385

Homer, dialect of, ii. 378

ὁμόκαποι, ii. 199

ὁμοσίπυοι, ibid.

Horæo-castro, 22

Horus, 300

Hyacinthus, worship of, 139. 360

Hyamia, 163

Hybla, 135

Hydra of Lerna, 434

Hylas, 361. 441

Hylleans, 13. 53. ii. 76

Hyllus, 53. 59
at Thebes, 62
slain by Echemus, 63. 413

Hyperboreans, 230. 262. 271. 284. 298. 323. 329. 337. 373

Hyporchema, 357. ii. 337

Iambists, choruses of, ii. 339

Iamidæ, 128. 272. 380

Iasians, 118

Ichnæ, 455

Ἴλη, ii. 310

Illyrian Athamanes, 48

Illyrians, 471

Inachus, 79

Inalienability of land, ii. 208

Inferiors, ὑπομείονες, ii. 84

Iolaus, 57

Ion, 258. 264
of Euripides, 265

Ione, 124

Ionians, 256
degeneracy of, ii. 5

Iphigenia, 383

Iphitus, 153. 155. 270. 413
quoit of, 143

Ἴρην, ii. 309

Ismenium, 254

Isthmius, 111

Ithome, siege of, 209

καυσία, 4. 479

κατωνάκη, ii. 38

κηληδόνες, 350. 365

κιθάρα, 349

Κοίλη Λακεδαίμων, explained, 76. 104

κονίποδες, ii. 57

κορυθάλεια, 343

κορυνηφόροι, ii. 54

κρεμβαλιαστὺς, 358

κρυπτεία, ii. 240

κυθηροδίκης, ii. 27

Κυλλύριοι, ii. 61. 161

κυνέη, 478

Lacius, 125

Lacmon, 452

Laconia, 75
divided into six provinces, 106
domestic economy, ii. 213
money, ii. 214
dialect, ii. 434

Laomedon, 241

Lapathus, 24. 139

Lapithæ, 29

Larissa, 22. 25
Phriconis, 42

Lasus, ii. 378

Latin language, 17

Laurel, 343

Λεχέρνα, 396

Leogoras, 275

Lepreum, 202

Lesche, ii. 396

Letters, considered as Phœnician symbols, 143

Leucadia, constitution, ii. 159

Leucatas, 251

Lichas, ii. 406

Lilæa, 39. 44

Limnæ, ii. 48

Linus, 353. 427

Lipara, 137

Lochus, ii. 246

Locri, 140. ii. 238

Logographi, 56

Λόμβαι, 382

Long walls, 215

Leucæ, 247

Lycia, 236

Lycorea, 49. 233

Lyctus,227

Lycurgus, 146. 152. 270. ii. 12

Lydia, kings of, 441

Lydias or Ludias, 451

Lyncestis, 458

Lyre, ii. 377

Lysander, ii. 219. 404

Macaria, 60
valley of, 78

Macedon, 172

Macedonians, 2
their dialect, 3. 485
not Dorians, 37
but Illyrians, 479
their customs, 482
religion, 483

Macedonis, 455

Maceta, 474

Magnesians, 276

Malians, 47

Mallus, 124. 126

Mantinea, battle of, ii. 244

Manufactures of Lacoma, ii. 25

Marsyas, 351

Medea, 396

Megara, 97
one of five hamlets, 99
colonies, 132
comedy, ii. 354
comic poets, ibid
constitution, ii. 171
history, 186. 194. 212. 249
kings, ii. 113
dialect, ii. 437

Melampodidæ, 272

Melcart, 443

Melia, 79

Melos, 136
constitution of, ii. 178

Mesambria, 134

Mesoa, ii. 48

Messenia divided into six provinces, 106
history, 108
kings, ii. 113
character, ii. 413
dialect, ii. 435

Messenian wars, 156
third war, 208

Messenians, 209

Metapontum, 281. 286

Meteora, 26

Miletus, 244

Military games, ii. 313
at Crete, ii. 320

Minos, 35

Minyans, 12

Μνοία, ii. 51

Molycreium, 127

Mora, ii. 248

Mopsium, 25

Mopsuestia, 124. 126

Mopsuerene, 124. 126

Mopsus, 125

μοθάκες, ii. 43

Music, Doric, ii. 323

Musical contests, ii. 338

Mycenæ, 79

Myceneans, 192

Mygdonia, 454

Mygdonians, 8

Mylasa, 116

Myndus, ibid

Myron, 154. 178

Myscellus, 140

Myson, ii. 26

Narcissus, 353

Naupactia, 156

Naupactus, 65

Nemea, 79. 433
lion, ibid

νεοδαμώδεις, ii. 43

νεολαία, ii. 307

Nisyrus, 120

Nome, ii. 337

Nomophylaces, ii. 131

Nomus, 355

Νόμος, _numus_, ii. 224

Noricum, 117. 138

Oba, ii. 78. 249

Œchalia, 28
taking of, 411
situation, 412

Œnöe, 258

Œnophyta, battle of, 211

Œta, mount, 41

Œtæans, 48

Olen, ii. 379

Olympic games, list of victors at, 143. 270. 436. ii. 315

ὦπις, 373

Orestæ, 458

Orneatæ, 92. 176. ii. 55

ὅροι, 150

Orsippus of Megara, ii. 272

Oxylus, 68. 71

Pæan, the god, 308
the song, 309. 325. 370

Pæonia, 459

Pæonians, 471, 472

Pagasæ, 224

παιδεραστία, ii. 300
of Crete, ii. 302
of Sparta, ii. 300

παιδόνομος, ii. 310

Palm tree of Delos, 303. 322

Pamphyli, ii. 76

Pantaleon, 165

Panthus, 241

Parauæa, 457

Παρθενίαι, ii. 294

Paroria, 457

Patara, 237

Patronomi, ii. 132

Pausanias, 204. 489

Pedaritus, ii. 406

Pelagonia, 460

Pelagonian Tripolis, 25

Pelasgi, 6. 7. 15. 36. 220

Pelinna, 26, 27

Pella, 452. 455

Peloponnese, division of, 70

Peloponnesian league, 196

Peloria, festival of, 27

Perinthus, 135

Penestæ, ii. 65

Penthelidæ, 72

Perdiccas, 463

Periatider, 182. ii. 158. ii. 222. ii. 276

Periœci of Laconia, ii. 18

περφέρεες, 288

Persian war, 497

Petalism, ii. 163

πέτασος, 478

Petra, 24

Phaëthon, 301

Phæstus, 89. 227

Phalanna, 25

Phalanthus, 139

Phalces, 89

Phallophori, 404. ii. 352

Pharcedon, 26

Pharis, 104

Phaselis, 122

φειδίτια, ii. 288

Pheidon, 172. 464

Phidippus, 120. 419

Philammon, 356. ii. 377

Phlegyans, 234

Phlegyas, 234. 297

Phlius, 79. 89
constitution of, ii. 170
its satiric drama, ii. 373
character, ii. 410

Phocis, plain of, 38

Phœbus, 312

φοιβάζειν, ibid

Phormis, ii. 357

φούαξιρ, 384. ii. 326. 491

Phricium, 422

Phrygians, 8. 480
their language, 9

Phthiotis, 20. 490

Πίτανα, ii. 48

Plautus, ii. 362

πόλις, ii. 71

Polybœa, 361

Polycaon son of Butes, 58

Polycrates, 189

Polydorus, ii. 449

πόρπαξ, ii. 256

Poseidon, 258. 402

Potidæa, 132

Pratinas of Phlius, ii. 373

Praxilla, 405

Priestesses of Here at Argos, catalogue of, 144

πρόβουλοι, 206

Procles, 186

Procris, 251

προστάτης τοῦ δήμον, ii. 147

Prytanes of Lacedæmon, 145
of Athens, ii. 140

Psammetichus, 185

Purification, 264. 370

Pydna, 456

Pylæa, ii. 396

Pylos, Nelean, 104
Nestorian, 82. 435
Triphylian, 81

Pyrrhic dance, ii. 342

Pythagoras, league of, ii. 182. ii. 316. ii. 393
philosophy of, ii. 186
government of, ii. 184. 193

Pythiad, ii. 454

Pythian strain, 325

Pythians, ii. 15

Pythium, 24. 258

Registers, public, of Lacedæmon, 144

Rents of the Helots, ii. 31

Rhacius, 247

Rhadamanthus, 427

Rhegium, 164. 278

Rhetoric of Sparta, ii. 386

Rhetra, 148
of Agis, ii. 47
of Lycurgus, ii. 86
of Theopompus and Polydorus, ii. 87. 118

Rhianus, 158

Rhinthon, ii. 368

Rhipæan mountains, 291

Rhodes, colonies, 122
constitution, ii. 151
Prytanes of, ii. 139
character, ii. 408
dialect, ii. 437

Rhodia, 126

Rhoduntia, 42

Riddles, ii. 392

Sacadas of Argos, ii. 328. 338

Sacred road of Apollo, 223

Sacred slaves, 274. 392. 405

Sagalassus, 139

Salamis, 194

Sarpedon, 237

Sciras, ii. 369

Sciritæ, ii. 253

Sculpture, Doric, ii. 382

Scythians, 288

Selge, 138

Selinus, 136. 406

Selymbria, 134

Sibyls, ii. 346

Sicyon, constitution, ii. 169
history, 177
music, ii. 330
tribes, ii. 58
slaves, ii. 583
character, ii. 410

σιδεῦναι, ii. 309

σκυταλισμὸς, ii. 149

Slavery, kinds of, ii. 36

Socrates the poet, ii. 335

Soli, 122. 125

Solium, 130

Solygius, hill of, 95

Sopatrus, ii. 369

Sophron, mimes of, ii. 364-7

Soüs, 108. 147

Sovereignty, Doric, ii. 100

Sparta, once an inconsiderable town, 102
colonies, 136
courts of justice, ii. 228
education, ii. 307
ephors, ii. 114
gerusia, ii. 94. ii. 236
infantry, ii. 253
kings, ii.100
succession, ii. 105
king’s house, ii. 266
military system, ii. 242
marriage, ii. 292
public assembly, ii. 88
stealing, ii. 319
taxes, ii. 221

Spartans number of, ii. 203
character of, ii. 402

Spartan brevity of speech, ii. 387

σφαιρεῖς, ii. 309

Στεμματιαῖα, festival of, 66

Stenyclarus, battle of, 208

Stesichorus, ii. 375

Strymon, 453

Stymphæa, 457

Styra, 47

Subject classes, dress of, ii. 73

Syme, 137

Synedrion, during the Persian war, 498

Synnada, 117

Syracuse, 128. 380
character, ii. 409
constitution, ii. 161
slaves, ii. 61
date of foundation, ii. 447

Syssitia of Sparta, ii. 210. ii. 283
of Crete, ii. 211. ii. 286

Tænarum, 248

Taleclus, 101

Talthybiadæ, ii. 28

Tarentum, 139. 164. 439
constitution, ii. 181
princes, ii. 113
character, ii, 413
dialect, ii. 438

Tarrha, 228

Tarsus, 124

Tauria, 386

Taygetus, mount, 77

Tegea, 207. 269

Tegyra, 254

Teichius, 42

Telesilla, 381. ii. 377

Telliadæ, 272

Temenus, 88

Temenidæ, 463

Tempe, 21. 30. 222. 290

Tenea, 239

Tenedos, ibid

Tenure of land in Laconia, ii. 196

Terpander, ii. 376

Tetrapolis, why spared by the Spartans, 61. 430

Teucrians, 11

Teutamus, 35

Thaletas, 350. 359. ii. 14. ii. 328

Thapsus, 136

Theagenes, 92

Θεαροδοκία, 280

Thebes, 254

Themistocles, 206

Theoclus, 157

Theopompus, 162. ii. 448

Thera, 136
ephors, ii. 115

Therapne, 103

Θεράπων, ii. 35

Theseus, 229. 257. 262. 263

Thessalians, 4. ii. 64

Thirty tyrants of Athens, u. 98

Thoricus, 250

Thrace, 244

Thracians, 10. 470. 484

Tilphossa, 253

Timocracy, ii. 8

Timotheus, Spartan decree concerning, ii. 330

Tiresias, 255. 343

Tiryns, 192

Tisamenus, 69

Titacidæ, 431

Tityrus, ii. 351

Tityus, 254. 329

Tlepolemus, 119, 120

Tolmides, 212

Trachis, 42

Tragedy, 404. ii. 371

Treasury of Atreus, ii. 267

Triacon, 91

Tricca, 26

τριχάϊκες, 33, 34

τριόφθαλμος, oracle respecting, 68

Triopian promontory, 115

Triopium, 279

Tripod, robbery of by Hercules, 426

Tripolis and Tetrapolis, Doric, 43

Trœzen, 91. 118. 248

Trogilus, 136

τύρβη, 404

Tyndaridæ, 431

Typhaon, 320

Tyrtæus, 156. 160. 164. 166. ii. 15. 198

Vases, illustrating ancient comedies, ii. 359-361

Vejovis, 307

Ver sacrum, 276

War, how carried on by the Dorians in the conquest of the Peloponnese, 85

Wise men of Greece, ii. 39

Wolf, symbol of Apollo, 264. 314

Writing, art of, when introduced into Greece, 143

Xanthus, 237. 313

Xenelasia, ii. 4

Xenodamus, 359

Xerxes, 300

Xuthus, 258

Zaleucus, laws of, ii. 227. ii. 231. ii. 236. ii. 239

Zeus, of the Dorians, 318. 394

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Vol. I.

P. 19. l. 18. In the explanation of Melia, the ash has been confounded with the alder. It seems that the ash, which probably reached a greater height than any other tree in Greece, is used in this genealogy, as in Hesiod Theog. 187, for the force of vegetation generally.

P. 80. l. 11. It may be objected that the countries in which commerce and manufactures have flourished most, have not possessed mines of the precious metals. This remark is true of modern Europe; but in Greece the copper of Chalcis appears to be connected with the Chalcidean trade and colonies, and the gold of Thasos with the maritime pursuits of the Thasians and their large navy before the time of Cimon. The silver of Laurion likewise contributed to the industry and foreign commerce of Attica. The prosperity of the maritime cities of Asia Minor was at least assisted by the gold mines in Lydia; as may be seen in the very ancient golden staters (partly made of electron, which according to Soph. Ant. 1025 came from Sardis) of Phocæa, Lampsacus, Clazomenæ, &c.

P. 82. l. 2. It now appears to me that Leake, Morea, vol. III. ch. 30. is right in considering the _Contoporia_ as a footpath over the hills, which required the use of long sticks or poles. The road in the valley between the rocks bore the name of _Tretos_.

P. 127. l. 25. _for_ all its colonies _read_ all its early colonies.

P. 209. notes, col. 2. l. 10. _for_ Platæon _read_ Platæan.

P. 212. notes, col. 2. l. 10. _for_ εἰρένης, _read_ εἰρήνης.

P. 252 note t add—The emendation of Dobree, Adv. vol. I. p. 599. of ἐρασταὶ for ἱερεῖς is not needed, since it is proved that the leap from the Leucadian rock was originally a religious rite.

P. 384. note c add—The identification of Artemis with the moon is earlier than that of Apollo with the sun (B. II. ch. 5. § 5.) The former occurs not only in Æschyl. Xant. fr. 158. ed. Dindorf, but is also manifest in the worship of the Munychian and Brauronian Artemis. The name Αἰθοπία designates her shining countenance or orb; and a cake surrounded with lights, called for that reason ἀμφιφῶν or ἀμφιφῶς, was offered to the goddess on the 16th of Munychion, because the moon was full on that day. See Callim. fr. 417. ed. Bentl. Eratosth. ap. Steph. Byz. in Αἰθοπία, Hesych. in Αἰθιοπαῖδα, Apollod. fr. p. 402. Heyne.

P. 390. note r add—I cannot approve of Lobeck’s emendation of Ἑρμῆς for Ἡρακλῆς in Etymol. Mag. et Gud. in κηρυκεῖον (Aglaoph. vol. II. p. 1166); since the mythical system there alluded to is very different from that of the ordinary Greek mythology.

P. 475. note o. In the passage of Constantinus, read καὶ τὴν Ὀρέστειαν δὲ. Ὀρέστεια is used by Appian, quoted in the following note.

Vol. II.

P. 5. notes col. 1. l. 8. after the parenthesis add: with Cimon (Plut. Cim. 14.)

P. 8. note p _for_ Zeeob _read_ Zenob.

P. 131. l. 15. It does not appear that the Spartan nomophylaces were guardians of _written_ laws. The Athenian and Olympian nomophylaces were not obviously connected with the written legislation. By nomophylaces in Greece were generally understood _guardians of manners_. See p. 240. note s.

P. 132. l. 7. _for_ nomophylaces _read_ nomothetæ.

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FOOTNOTES

1 II. 11.

2 Herod. I. 65. Concerning the expression κόσμος, with regard to the
constitution of Sparta, see also Clearchus ap. Athen. XV. p. 681 C.

3 Pausan. III. 16. 5. See above, vol. I. p. 69, note g.

4 That is, of the Pythagorean philosophy. See below, ch. 9. § 16.

5 Thucyd. II. 11. cf. I. 70. 71. Athen. XIV. p. 624 C. &c.

6 Plat. Protag. p. 342 C. Xenoph. Rep. Lac. 14, 4. Plutarch. Inst.
Lac. p. 252. and particularly Isocrat. Busir. p. 225 A. The Spartans
were ἐνδημότατοι, according to Thucyd. I. 70. See below, ch. 11. §
7.

7 From Thucyd. I. 144. compared with Plutarch’s Life of Agis, it may
be seen that the ξενηλασία was only practised against tribes of
different usages, particularly Athenians and Ionians. See Valer.
Max. II. 6. ext. 1. Yet at the Gymnopædia (Plut. Ages. 29. cf.
Cimon. 10. Xenoph. Mem. Socrat. I. 2. 61.) and other festivals,
Sparta was full of foreigners, Cragius de Rep. Lac. III. p. 213.
Poets, such as Thaletas, Terpander, Nymphæus of Cydonia, Theognis
(who celebrates his hospitable reception in the ἀγλαὸν ἄστυ, v.
785.); philosophers, such as Pherecydes and Anaximander and
Anacharsis the Scythian, were willingly admitted; other classes of
persons were excluded. Thus there were regulations concerning
persons, and the time of admitting foreigners: and hence the earlier
writers, such as Thucydides, Xenophon, and Aristotle, always speak
of ξενηλασίαι in the plural number. (Compare Plut. Inst. Lac. 20.)
See also Plut. Lyc. 27. who refers to Thuc. II. 24. Aristoph. Av.
1013. and the Scholiast (from Theopompus), and Schol. Pac. 622.
Suid. in διειρωνόξενοι and ξενηλατεῖν, who, as usual, has copied
from the Scholiast to Aristophanes, that the Xenelasia was
introduced ποτὲ ΣΠΟΔΙΑΣ γενομένης, for which we should clearly write
ΣΙΤΟΔΕΙΑΣ. Theophil. Instit. I. tit. 2. Comp. de la Nauze Mem. de
l’Acad. des Inscript. tom. XII. p. 159. It may be added that the
numerous ξενίαι and προξενίαι, the hospitable connexions of states
and individuals, served to alleviate the harshness of the
institution. Thus the Lacedæmonians were connected with the
Pisistratidæ (vol. I. p. 188, note c), and with the family of
Callias (Xen. Symp. 8. 39); Endius with Clinias, the father of
Alcibiades (Thuc. VIII. 6); king Archidamus with Pericles (ib. II.
13); Xenias the Elean with king Agis, the son of Archidamus, and the
state of Sparta. (Paus. III. 8. 2.) See B. III. ch. 6. § 7, and vol.
I. p. 209, n. z. The exchange of names, occasioned by προξενίαι,
might be made the subject of a distinct investigation. See the note
last cited, and Paus. III. 6. 41. Moreover the Spartans sometimes
gave freedom from custom duties, and the privilege of occupying a
seat of honour at the games at Sparta, to strangers, even of
Athenian race; for example, to the Deceleans, according to Herod.
IX. 73.

8 p. 100. ed. Frank.

9 See Naeke’s Chœrilus, p. 74.

10 Archiloch. p. 226. Liebel. Lycoph. 1385. and Tzetzes, Etym. in
ἀσελγαίνειν and Ἐλεγηΐς. Concerning the effeminacy of the Codridæ,
see Heraclid. Pont. I.

11 ἄριστοι, ἀριστεῖς, ἄνακτες, βασιλεῖς, ἐπικρατέοντες, κοιρανέοντες.

12 On the Gerontes, see below, ch. 6. § 1-4.

13 We should particularly observe the assembly in the second book of
the Odyssey, in which, however, Mentor (v. 239.) wishes to bring
about a declaration of the people not strictly constitutional. But
that the Homeric Ἀγορὰ independently exercised the rights of
government, I cannot allow to Platner, _De Notione Juris apud
Homerum_, p. 108. and Tittmann _Griechischen Staatsverfassungen_, p.
63. It was a species of Wittenagemote, in which none but the thanes
had the right of voting, as among the Saxons in England. The people
composed a _concio_, but no _comitia_. My opinion more nearly
coincides with that of Wachsmuth, _Jus Gentium apud Græcos_, p. 18,
sq.

_ 14 Æginetica_, p. 133.

15 Χρήματα χρήματ᾽ ἀνὴρ, Pindar. Isth. II. 11. See Dissen Explic. p.
493. Alcæus ap. Schol. et Zeeob. Prov.

16 V. 190.

17 Ap. Aristot. Pol. IV. 8. 7, 10.

18 See Hüllmann, _Staatsrecht_, p. 103.

19 Plutarch. Qu. Gr. 32. The emendation Πλοῦτις is confirmed by the
comparison of Athenæus XII. p. 524 A.B.

20 See book I. ch. 8.

21 See Aristot. Pol. V. 10. 4. Panætius of Leontini was a demagogue in
a previously oligarchical state, of which the constitution was
similar to that of the Hippobotæ. See Polyænus V. 47.

22 Herod. VI. 43.—Pindar (Pyth. II. 87.) supposes three constitutions,
Tyranny, Dominion of the unrestrained Multitude, and Government of
the Wise.

23 Aristot. Pol. V. 4.

24 Aristot. Pol. V. 2. 9. V. 3. 6. with Schneider’s notes.

25 VI. 46.

26 Plut. Comp. Lycurg. 4. According to Livy XXXVIII. 34. 700 years up
to 190 B.C. Cicero pro Flacco 26. also reckons 700 years, but to a
different period.

27 Isocrat. Panath. p. 285 C.

28 Thus Schiller severely censures this lawgiver, for having so
selfishly for ever destined his people to that course, which
appeared to his own narrow and prejudiced mind to be the best.

29 Θεοδμάτῳ σὺν ἐλευθερίᾳ Ὕλλίδος στάθμας Ἱέρων ἐν νόμοις ἔκτισσ᾽;
ἐθέλοντι δὲ Παμφύλου καὶ μὰν Ἡρακλειδᾶν ἔκγονοι ὄχθαις ὕπο Ταυγέτου
ναίοντες αἰεὶ μένειν τεθμοῖσιν ἐν Αἰγιμίου Δωρίοις. Pyth. I. 61. see
Boeckh’s Explic.

30 Plutarch. Comp. Timol. 2. Dion. 53. Λακωνικὸν σχῆμα—κοσμεῖν. He was
himself a citizen of Sparta, Plut. Dion. 17. 49.

31 Yet Herodotus cannot have been acquainted with his work, since he
considered himself as the first writer on the subject, Herod. VI.
55.

32 Strabo VIII. p. 366. On the other hand, Ephorus is probably alluded
to by Heraclides Ponticus 2. when he says τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων
πολίτειαν ΤΙΝΕΣ Λυκούργῳ προσάπτουσι πᾶσαν.

33 I. 65. Aristotle Pol. V. 10. 3. also calls the kings of Sparta
before Lycurgus _tyrants_. On the other hand, Strabo VIII. p. 365.
states, that “the conquerors of Laconia were _from the beginning_ a
nation subject to legal and moral restraints; but when they had
intrusted the regulation of their government to Lycurgus, they so
far excelled all others, that alone among the Greeks they ruled by
land and sea.” That this is the meaning of the passage, is proved by
the word καὶ in the clause καὶ κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς μὲν ἐσωφρόνουν. Isocrates
de Pace, p. 178 C. also contradicts indirectly the supposed anarchy
of the Spartans. But in Panath. p. 270 A. he follows Thucydides I.
18. στασιάσαι φασὶν αὐτοὺς οἱ τὰ ἐκείνων ἀκριβοῦντες ὡς οὐδένας
ἄλλους τῶν Ἑλλήνων.

34 B. I. ch. 7 § 3, 5.

35 Herod. I. 65 Ephorus ap. Strab. VIII. p. 366. Plut. Lycurg. 31.
Nicol. Damasc. p. 449.

36 B. I. ch. 1. § 9. Comp. b. II. ch. 2. § 2.

37 According to Aristot. Pol. II. 7. 1. The meaning of this writer
appears to be, that the Dorians had received these laws from the
early inhabitants, as the Periœci had retained them most truly; but
from the account given in the text, we must reject that idea.

38 Plat. Leg. III. p. 685.

39 This statement appears more correct than of Gortyna or Cnosus. Comp.
Meursius, Creta, IV. 12.

40 See Aristot. Pol. II. 8. 5. Ælian. V. H. XII. 50. Diog. Laërt. I.
38. Plut. Lyc. 3. Philos. cum princ. 4. p. 88. Pausan. I. 14. 3.
Philod. de Mus. Col. 18, 19. Boeth. de Mus. I. 1. p. 174. Sext.
Empir. adv. Math. p. 68 B. Suid. vol. II. p. 163. Compare b. II. ch.
8. § 11.

41 Xenoph. Rep. Laced. 8. 5. According to whom Lycurgus asked the god,
εἰ λῷον καὶ ἄμεινον εἴη τῇ Σπάρτῃ—doubtless a regular formula. This
coincides with the dictum of the Pythian priestess in Plut. Quæst.
Rom. 28. p. 329.

42 See below, ch. 5. § 8.

43 B. II. ch. 7. § 4. Later historians, from a mistaken explanation,
suppose that the whole correspondence was a delusion, or a fraud of
Lycurgus, Polyæn. I. 16. 1. Justin. III. 3.

44 Called in the Lacedæmonian dialect Ποίθιοι, Photius in v.

45 That this could not always be said of the θεοπρόποι, may be seen
from Theognis, v. 783.

46 This, I infer, nearly agreeing with Cragius, from Cicero de Div. I.
13. Conf. Herod. VI. 57. Xenoph. Rep. Lac. 15.

47 See particularly Timæus Lex. Plat. in v. ἐξηγηταὶ Πυθόχρηστοι.

48 See Æginetica, p. 135. Compare Dissen Expl. Pind. Nem. III. p. 376.
In the Thearion at Trœzen there were expiatory sacrifices, book II.
ch. 2. § 8. In Thasos they were called Θεῦροι, Inscript. ap.
Choiseul. Gouff. Voyage pittoresque, I. 2. p. 156. Here also they
were in connexion with the temple of the Pythian Apollo.

49 See Thuc. I. 84. Plat. Alcib. I. c. 38.

50 VII. 2. 5. Engel _de Rep. mil. Spart._, a Göttingen prize Essay for
1790., where Cossacks, Spartans, and Cretans are classed together.
Compare Heyne _de Spartan. Rep._ Comment. Götting. tom. IX. p. 8. It
appears, indeed, from Aristotle Pol. VII. 14 (13) to have been the
opinion of the writers who treated of the constitution of Sparta
during the predominance of that state, that “the Lacedæmonians owed
their external dominion to their constitution, according to which
they had been trained to dangers and exertions from their youth (ὅτι
διὰ τὸ γεγυμνάσθαι πρὸς τοῦς κινδύνους πολλῶν ἦρχον.)” But the
_intended_ effect of these institutions cannot be safely inferred
from their _actual_ consequences.

51 IV. 126.

52 Pausan. IV. 3. 3. συγχωροῦσιν ἈΝΑΔΑΣΑΣΘΑΙ πρὸς τοὺς Δωριέας τὴν γῆν.
Pausanias, however, very frequently makes use of this expression,
and often perhaps without any historical ground.

53 Why I take no further notice of the account of Ephorus is explained
in book I. ch 5. § 13.

54 Pausan. III. 22. 7.

55 Polyb. XX. 12. 2. with Schweighæuser’s note, Liv. XXXIV. 29.
XXXVIII. 30.

56 αὐτόνομοι, Pausan. III. 21. 6.

57 III. 21. 6. cf. 26. 6. The other six were at the time of Pausanias
either again comprised in Messenia, as Pharæ, which Augustus had
annexed to Laconia, Paus. IV. 30. 2. after it had at an earlier
period been separated with Thuria and Abea from Messenia, Polyb.
XXV, 1. 1, or they had fallen to decay, and were then uninhabited,
as Pephnos, Helos, Cyphanta, and Leucæ. Whether Abea was included by
Augustus in Laconia is doubtful, but it is probable from the
situation of the place. This, with the other five mentioned above,
would therefore make the number twenty-four complete. As proofs of
the late independence of these towns we may mention decrees of Abea,
Geronthræ, Gytheium, Œtylus, and Tænarus (Boeckh Corp. Inscript.
Nos. 1307, 1334, 1325, 1336, 1391, 1392, 1323, 1321, 1322, 1393,
1394). There are also inscriptions of the Eleutherolacones jointly,
τὸ κοινὸν τῶν Ἑλευθερολακώνων (ib. 1389). Likewise, according to
Eckhel, there are genuine coins, belonging to this and the Roman
period, of Asine, Asopus, BϾ, Gytheium, and Las; those of Taletum
and Cythera are doubtful.

58 Pausan. III. 26. 5. Sparta must, however, have retained some outlet
to the sea. The Lacedæmonian coast is also called the territory of
the Periœci in Thucyd. III. 16.

59 Thucyd. I. 101. The Θουριᾶται of Thuria, near Calamæ. Welcker
(Alcmanis Fragment, p. 87.) proposes Αἰθαίῳ for Ληθαίῳ in Theognis
v. 1216. Bekker.

60 Androtion ap. Steph. Byz. in v.

61 See also in Αἰτωλία. They are also mentioned by Strabo, VIII. p.
362. (Eustath. ad Il. B. p. 293, 19. ad Dion. Perieg. 418). They had
not however any connexion with the Hecatombæa; for Argos had the
same festival.

62 See book I. ch. 7. § 16. Lysias ap. Harpocrat. also calls Anthana a
Lacedæmonian city. See _Æginetica_, p. 46, note q, p. 185. note v.
Siebelis ad Pausan. II. 38. 6.

63 Book I. ch. 5. § 10.

64 See Manso, Sparta, vol. I. p. 93. Tittmann, vol. I. p. 89. That even
the Lacedæmonian πλῆθος did not comprise the Periœci, is shown,
_e.g._, by Polybius IV. 34. 7, where it rejects the alliance of the
Ætolians, chiefly on account of the fear that they would
ἐξανδραποδίζεσθαι τοὺς Περιοίκους. The name Λακεδαιμόνιοι, which
signifies all, Periœci and Spartans, and frequently the former, as
the early inhabitants, in opposition to the latter, is no more a
proof of political equality than the appellation Θεσσαλοὶ of the
freedom of the Penestæ.

65 Χωρίτης, as the Lacedæmonians are often called, is probably
identical with περίοικος, Ælian. V. H. IX. 27. Compare χωριτίδες
Βάκχαι, in Hesychius. Οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας in Athen. XV. p. 674 A. from
Sosibius are opposed τοῖς ἐκ τῆς ἀγωγῆς παισὶν (those educated in
Sparta), and see Casaubon’s note. The education of the Periœci was
therefore entirely different from that of the Spartans.

66 Isocrates Panath. p. 271 A. speaking of the Lacedæmonians having
compelled the Periœci κατ᾽ ἄνδρα συμπαρατάττεσθαι σφίσιν αὐτοῖς,
confounds the Periœci with the Helots, as also in what follows.

67 In later times very different proportions occur, _e.g._, a very
small number of Spartans in the army, when the city stood in need of
its own citizens, and could not send them to a distance, or from
other causes.

68 Herod. VII. 234.

69 No _disobedience_ of the Periœci can be inferred from Thucyd. IV. 8.
_Some_ Periœci deserted to Epaminondas, Xenoph. Hell. VI. 5. 25. 23.
Xenophon expresses himself more strongly, Hellen. VII. 2. 2.

70 Xenoph. Hell. V. 3. 9.

71 Thuc. IV. 53. cf. VII. 57.

72 See Plin. H. N. IX. 36, 60. 21, 8. 36, 5. Comp. Meurs. Misc. Lac.
II. 19. Mitscherlisch ad Hor. Carm. II. 18. 7.

73 Plutarch, Lyc. 4. Ælian, V. H. VI. 6. Nicolaus Damascenus, and
others.

74 Herod. II. 167. cf. Cic. de Rep. II. 4. _Corinthum pervertit
aliquando—hic error ac dissipatio civium, quod mercandi cupiditate
et navigandi, et agrorum et armorum cultum reliquerant_. Compare
Hüllmann _Staatsrecht_, p. 128.

75 Aristot. Pol. II. 4. 13.

76 This follows from Xenoph. Rep. Lac. II. 2. καὶ ἱππεῦσι καὶ ὁπλίταις,
ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τοῖς χειροτέχναις.

77 Critias Λακεδ. πολιτ. ap. Athen. XI. p. 483 B. and Plutarch, Lycurg.
9. Pollux, VI. 46, 97. Hesych. Suid. Xenoph. Cyrop. I. 2. 8.

78 Athen. V. 198 D. 199 E.

79 κύλιξ Λάκαινα, Hesych. in χῖον.

80 Plut. Lyc. ubi sup.

81 Meurs. II. 17.

82 Theoph. Hist. Plant. III. 17. 3.

83 Daimachus ap. Steph. Byz. in Λακεδ. and from him Eustath. II. p.
294, 5. Rom.

84 Salmas. Exer. Plin. p. 653 B. Moser in Creuzer’s Init. Philos. vol.
II. p. 152. Compare also Liban. Or. p. 87. e cod. August. ed.
Reiske.

85 Xenoph. Hell. III. 3. 7. Plin. H. N. VII. 56. ξυήλη Λακωνικὴ Pollux,
I. 10, 137. concerning which see Phot. and Suid. in v., who refer to
Xen. Anab. IV. 8. 25. ἐγχειρίδιον, I. 10, 149. _ferrei annuli_,
Plin. XXXIII. 4. μάστιγες, Steph. Eust. ubi sup.

86 Theocrit. X. 35. et Schol. Athen. XI. p. 483 B. V. p. 215 C. Steph.
ubi sup. Hesych. in ἀμυκλαΐδες λακωνικὰ ὑποδήματα, cf. in
ἐννήυσκλοι. Compare the shoes of the Amyclæan priestesses upon the
monument of Amyclæ in Walpole’s Memoirs, p. 454. Lacedæmonian men’s
shoes (ἁπλαῖ) are often mentioned elsewhere, Aristoph. Thesm. and
Wasps. Schol. and Suidas, Critias ubi sup. Pollux, VII. 22, 80. cf.
Meurs. I. 18.

87 Λάκωνες ἐΰπεπλοι Epig. ap. Suid. in Λακωνικαί. Athen. V. 198. XI.
483 C. Compare book IV. ch. 2. § 3.

88 These mines are not indeed anywhere expressly mentioned, but we must
infer their existence from the number of iron fabrics, and the
cheapness of iron. See below, ch. 10. § 9. and book I. ch. 4. § 3.

89 The stone quarries upon mount Taygetus were, however, according to
Strabo VIII. p. 367, first opened by the Romans. Compare Xenoph. ubi
sup. Pollux, VII. 23, 100. Interp. Juven. XI. 173. Meurs. II. 18.
Pliny also mentions Lacedæmonian _cotes_ and _smaragdi_.

90 Compare Thiersch, Ueber die Kunstepochen, Abhandlung II. p. 51.

91 My opinion is, that in the oracle (Diog. Laërt. I. 106. Comp.
Casaubon and Menage) Ἠτεῖος was the correct reading, for which
Οἰταῖος was long ago substituted from ignorance.—The point was
doubted at an early period in antiquity; even Plato, Protag. p. 343,
appears not to consider Myson as a Lacedæmonian. See also Diod. de
Virt. et Vit. p. 551. Paus. X. 24. 1. Clem. Alex. Strom. I. p. 299.
Sylb. Steph. Byz. in Χὴν and Ἠτία. There is a story in Plutarch,
Quæst. Rom. 84, of Myson making in winter a fork for tossing the
corn, and, when Chilon wondered at it, of his justifying himself by
an apposite answer; where Myson is opposed, as a Periœcian farmer,
to the noble Spartan.

92 Paus. III. 22. 4.

93 In a very rhetorical passage, Panathen. p. 270 D.

94 Thuc. IV. 53. 54. Hesych. in Κυθηροδίκης.

95 Thuc. VIII. 22. Manso, Sparta, vol. II. p. 516. It does not indeed
follow that this Periœcus had authority over Lacedæmonians; but
Sparta must have sent him out as a commander to the Chians.

96 Herod. VI. 60. οὐ κατὰ λαμπροφωνίην (in the ἀγῶνες κηρύκων, comp.
Faber Agonist. II. 15. Boeckh, Staatshaushaltung, vol. II. p. 359.)
ἐπιτιθέμενοι ἄλλοι σφέας παρακληίουσιν ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὰ πάτρια
ἐπιτελέουσι.

97 Herod. VII. 134. τοῖσιν αἱ κηρυκηίαι αἱ ἐκ Σπάρτης πᾶσαι γέρας
δίδονται.

98 Θεοκήρυκες γένος τὸ ἀπὸ Ταλθυβίου παρὰ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΟΙΣ. Hesych. Perhaps
Ἐλευθερολάκωσι. Hemsterhuis supposes that Eleutherna in Crete is
alluded to. The common name of the herald in Sparta was Μούσαξ. See
Valck. ad Adoniaz. p. 379.

99 Pausan. III. 12. 6, 7. III. 23. 7.

100 Herod. ubi sup.

101 Herod. VII. 137.

102 VI. 60. Concerning the ὀψοποιοὶ see Agatharch. ap. Athen. XII. p.
550 C. Perizonius ad Ælian. V. H. XIV. 7.

103 Compare Athen. II. 39 C. with IV. 173 F.

104 The Periœci also took part in the colonies of Sparta, _e.g._, of
Heraclea Trachinia, where they probably belonged to the πολλοί;
Thuc. III. 92, 93.

105 Concerning the condition of the Helots, see, besides the more
well-known books, Caperonnier, Mém. de l’Acad. des Inscript. tom.
XXIII. p. 271. Schlaeger, Dissert. Helmst. 1730.

106 Ephorus ap. Strab. VIII. p. 365, according to Valckenær’s
emendation, Theopompus ap. Athen. VI. p. 272. Even Hellanicus in
Harpocration uses the word εἱλωτεύειν p. 15. Fragm. 54. ed. Sturz.;
it is, however, uncertain whether the etymology there given is from
Hellanicus. Cf. Steph. Byz.

107 This derivation was known in ancient times, _e.g._, Schol. Plat.
Alcib. I. p. 78. Apostol. VII. 62. Εἵλωτες οἱ ἐξ αἰχμαλωτῶν δοῦλοι.
So also Δμῶς comes from δαμάω (ΔΕΜΩ). For the δμῶες, of whom there
were large numbers (μάλα μύριοι, Od. XVII. 422. XIX. 78.) in the
house of every prince (I. 397. VII. 225. Il. XIX. 333.), and who
chiefly cultivated the land, cannot have been bought slaves (for the
single examples to the contrary are rather exceptions), as this
would suppose a very extensive traffic in slaves; nor could they
have been persons taken accidentally in expeditions of plunder and
war, as in that case there could not have been so large a number in
_every_ house; but they are probably persons who were taken at the
original conquest of the soil. The passage, Od. I. 298. οὔς μοι
ληίσσατο may be variously applied.—Concerning the etymology of
Εἵλως, compare Lennep, Etymol. p. 257.

108 Ap. Athen. VI. p. 265.

109 See book I. ch. 4. § 7.

110 Ap. Strab. VIII. p. 365. So also Pausanias III. 20. 6. calls the
Helots δοῦλοι τοῦ κοινοῦ. Comp. Herod. VI. 70. where the θεράποντες
are Helots.

111 Ephorus ubi sup. _Ilotæ sunt jam inde antiquitus castellani, agreste
genus_. Liv. XXXIV. 27.

112 Plut. Instit. Lac. p. 255. where μισθῶσαι is an inaccurate
expression.

113 See book I. ch. 4. § 3. comp. particularly Polyb. V. 19.—Hesiod the
poet of the Helots, according to the saying of the Spartan.

114 Herod. IX. 80.

115 Plutarch, Cleomen. 23. Manso, vol. I. p. 134.

116 Plut. Lyc. 8. seventy for the master, twelve for the mistress of the
house: compare ib. 24.

117 ὡσπερ ὄνοι μεγάλοις ἄχθεσι τειρόμενοι,
δεσποσύνοισι φέροντες ἀναγκαίης ὑπὸ λυγρῆς
ἥμισυ πᾶν, ὅσσον καρπὸν ἄρουρα φέρει.

Fragm. 6. Gaisford. The passage is given in prose by Ælian V. II.
VI. 1.

118 Of the two lines of Tyrtæus afterwards cited by Pausanias, δεσπότας
οἰμώζοντες, ὁμῶς ἄλοχοί τε καὶ αὐτοὶ, εὖτέ τιν᾽ οὐλομένη μοῖρα κίχοι
θανάτου, it may be observed, that this duty of lamenting the king is
attributed to the Periœci as well as the Helots in Herod. VI. 58.

119 See Boeckh’s Public Economy of Athens, vol. I. p. 109. eighty-two is
about the fifth of four hundred. In Athens the θῆτες, πελάται, paid
a sixth of the produce to the Eupatridæ. (This is without a doubt
the corrupt supposition.) See Plutarch, Solon. 13. comp. Hemsterh.
ad Hesych. in ἐπίμορτος.

120 Athen. IV. 141 D. from Molpis on the Lacedæmonian state.

121 Sphærus, ibid. p. 141 C. Compare also Myron ap. Athen. XIV. p. 657.
παραδόντες αὐτοῖς τὴν χῶραν ἔταξαν ΜΟΙΡΑΝ ἣν αὐτοῖς ἀνοίσουσιν ἀεὶ,
and Hesychius, γαβεργὸς (_i.e._ ΓΑϜΡΓΟΣ, γεωργὸς) ἔργου μισθωτὸς
(which must be understood as in the passage quoted above, p. 32,
note h. [Transcriber’s Note: This is the footnote to “very early
period,” starting “Plut. Instit. Lac.”]) Λάκωνες.

122 In the time of Xenophon, however, Spartans resided upon the κλῆροι;
see Hell. III. 3. 5. In the time of Aristotle (Polit. II. 2. 11.)
individuals had already begun to attend to agriculture; Maxim. Tyr.
Diss. XIII. p. 139, calls the Spartans and Cretans in general
γεωργοί.

123 Plutarch, Comp. Num. 2. Nepos, Paus. 3.

124 Xen. Rep. Lac. 6. 3. Arist. Pol. II. 2. 5. Plut. Inst. Lac. p. 252.

125 Compare Thuc. VII. 19. with IV. 80. and V. 34.

126 Herod. IX. 10. 28.

127 Herod. IX. 28. Thuc. III. 8.

128 I. q. ἀμφιστάντες Hesych. in v. cf. Voss. Valcken. Adoniaz, p. 289.

129 Herod. VII. 229. compare the passages quoted by Sturz. Lex. Xenoph.
in Θεράπων.

130 Θεραπων δοῦλον ὁπλοφόρον δηλοῖ κατὰ τὴν Κρητῶν γλῶτταν. Eustath. ad
Il. p. 1240, 32. Bas. ad Dion. Perieg. 533. Eustathius frequently
mentions this peculiarity of the Cretan idiom, and the names of
slaves in general; also the Glossary in Iriarte, Reg. Bibl.
Matritensis cod. Gr. p. I. p. 146, states that the expression
θεράπων for δοῦλος is Cretan.

131 Athen. p. 271 F, from Myron. These are the persons of whom Xenophon
says (Hell. IV. 5. 14.) τούτους ἐκέλευον τοὺς ὑπασπιστὰς ἀραμένους
ἀποφέρειν.

132 Herod. VI. 80, 81. cf. 75.

133 Xenoph. Hell. VII. 1. 12.

134 Timæus ap. Polyb. XII. 6. 7. frag. 17. p. 224. ed. Goetter.
Theopompus ap. Athen. VI. p. 265. compare _Orchomenos_, p. 242.

135 The wives and children of Helots are often mentioned, _e.g._ in
Thucyd. I. 103. At Athens the marriage of slaves was an uncommon
event, and is usually found among the χωρὶς οἰκοῦντες. It was
cheaper to purchase than to bring up slaves. (See Hume on the
Populousness of Ancient Nations, Works, vol. III. p. 431-440. See p.
438, on the marriages of the Helots.)

136 See Heraclides Ponticus.

137 Welcker Alcman, Fragm. p. 6.

138 Ap. Athen. XIV. p. 657 D. The κυνῆ is also probably signified as
belonging to the dress of the Helots, in the account of the signal
for conspiracy given by Antiochus of Phalanthus (Strab. VI. p. 278),
although other writers (Æneas Poliorc. II.) mention a πῖλος in its
stead.

139 Κυνῆ Ἀρκὰς, Sophocl. Inachus ap. Schol. Aristoph. Av. 1203. Valcken.
ad Theocrit. Adoniaz. p. 345. the same as the πῖλος Ἀρκὰς in Polyæn.
IV. 14. _galerus Arcadicus_, Stat. Theb. IV. 299. VII. 39. Κυνῆ
Βοιωτία as the country-dress, Hesychius. The Arcadians went into the
fields in goats’ and sheep-skins, Pausan. IV. 11. 1.

140 Od. XXIV. 230.

141 Pollux, VII. 4. 68. Compare Hesychius, Moeris, and Suidas in
κατωνάκη. Theopompus and Menæchmus ἐν τοῖς Σικυωνιακοῖς ap. Athen.
VI. p. 271 D. (cf. Schweigh.) call the Κατωνακοφόροι Sicyonian
bondsmen. Comp. Ruhnken. ad Tim. p. 212.

142 Aristoph. Lysistr. 1157. cf. Palmer. Exercit. p. 506.

143 V. 53. Bekker.

144 De rep. Ath. I. 10.

145 Lycurg. 28. and elsewhere.

146 Duris ap. Plutarch. Ages. 3.

147 Theopomp. ap. Athen. XIV, p. 657 C.

148 Plutarch, ubi sup.

149 μόθων φορτικὸν ὄρχημα, Pollux, IV. 14. 101.

150 Plutarch. c. 28. Comp. Num. I. Concerning the Crypteia, see Manso,
vol. I. part 2. p. 141. Heyne, Comment. Gotting. vol. IX. p. 30.

151 Panathen. p. 271 A. See above, p. 22. note q. [Transcriber’s Note:
This is the footnote to “troops of the line,” starting “Isocrates
Panath. p. 271 A.”]

152 Ap. Plutarch. Lyc. 28. Heraclid. Pont. 2.

153 I. p. 633 C. Justin says of the same thing, III. 3. _pueros puberes
non in forum, sed in agrum deduci præcepit, ut primos annos non in
luxuria, sed in opere et laboribus agerent,—neque prius in urbem
redire quam viri facti essent_. The same, with a few deviations, is
stated in Schol. Plat. Leg. I. p. 225. Ruhn.

154 VI. p. 763 B. Compare Barthélemy, Anacharsis, tom. IV. p. 461.

155 Damoteles a Spartan, ἐπὶ τῆς κρυπτείας τεταγμένος, Plut. Cleomen.
28.

156 IV. 80.

157 Leg. VI. p. 776. cited by Athen. VI. p. 264. Comp. Plutarch, Lycurg.
28. See Philological Museum, vol. II. p. 68. note 40. Critias the
Athenian also said, with more wit than truth, that in Sparta the
free were most free (cf. Diogen. Prov. IV. 87. Apostol. VIII. 12.);
and that the slaves were most slaves, ap. Liban. Or. XXIV. vol. II.
p. 85. Reisk.

158 Thuc. I. 118. V. 14, 23. Cf. Aristot. Pol. II. 6. 2.

159 Although it is denied by Dio Chrys. Or. XXXVI. p. 448 B. Compare
Manso I. 2. p. 153. and I. 1. p. 234.

160 Hesych. in v.

161 Boeckh’s Economy of Athens, vol. I. p. 349. transl.

162 Thuc. V. 34. cf. IV. 80.

163 VII. 58. δύναται δὲ τὸ νεοδαμώδες ἐλεύθερον ἤδη εἶναι. The opposite
is δαμώσεις (Steph. ΔΑΜΩΔΕΙΣ) δημόται ἢ οἱ ἐντελεῖς παρὰ
Λακεδαιμονίους, Hesychius.

164 Cf. Plut. Ages. 6.

165 Athen. VI. 271 E. Schol. Aristoph. Plut. 279. Harpocration,
Hesychius. The derivation from the town Mothone is like that of the
name of the Helots from Helos. The Τρόφιμοι became Spartans from
aliens by education, Xenoph. Hell. V. 3. 9. To these the confused
account in Plut. Lacon. Inst. p. 252. probably refers.

166 In Athenæus they are called free, in reference to their _future_,
not their _past_ condition. See Hemsterhuis ap Lennep. Etymol. vol.
I. p. 575.

167 Athen. ubi sup. Ælian, V. H. XII. 43. Two σύντροφοι or μόθακες of
Cleomenes III. in Plut. Cleom. 8. These were, like Lysander,
Heraclide Mothaces.

168 Ap. Athen. VI. p. 271 D. where the comparison with the κατωνακοφόροι
does not appear to have sufficient ground. See Casaub. ad Athen. VI.
20. Interp. Hesych. in v. ἐνευνακταί. Diodorus, Exc. Vat. VII.—X. n.
12., calls the Parthenians who had been sent under Phalanthus to
Tarentum, sometimes _Epeunacti_, sometimes _Parthenians_. Since they
are considered as young men (for Phalanthus has an ἐραστὴς named
Agathiadas), they appear to have been, not Helots who had begotten
children with Spartan women, but the male offspring of such unions.
As the term is used by Theopompus, these would be called the sons of
Epeunacti. Hesychius likewise makes the ἐπεύνακτοι equivalent to the
παρθενίαι.

169 According to the epitaph in Herod. VII. 228. 4000 men were buried at
Thermopylæ, _i.e._, 300 Spartans, 700 Thespian Hoplitæ, and 3000
Ψιλοὶ, of whom 2100 were perhaps Helots. See below, ch. 12. § 6.

170 VIII. 40.

171 Polyb. VI. 45.

172 According to the most probable statement in Plut. Lyc. 8, viz., that
Lycurgus made 4500 lots, and Polydorus the same number.

173 Plut. Alcib. I. p. 122 D. Tyrtæus ap. Schol. p. 78. Ruhnk. and ad
Leg. I. p. 220. See book I. ch. 4. § 3. The valley of the Pamisus in
many places gives a return of thirty times the seed, and is sown
twice in the year. Sibthorp in Walpole’s Memoirs, p. 60.

174 Pausan. IV. 24. 2. τὴν μὲν ἄλλην πλὴν τῆς Ἀσιναίων αὐτοὶ
διελάγχανον. Cf. III. 20. 6. Zenob. III. 39. Apostol. VII. 33.
δουλότερος Μεσσηνίων: cf. Etymol. in Εἵλωτες. Etym. Gudian. p. 167,
32.

175 Thuc. I. 100. πλεῖστοι δὲ τῶν Εἵλώτων ἐγένοντο οἱ τῶν παλαιῶν
Μεσσηνίων τότε δουλωθέντων ἀπόγονοι. Plutarch, Cimon, 16. Lyc. 28,
and Diodorus XI. 53, sqq. incorrectly distinguish the Helots from
the Messenians. Compare book I. ch. 9. § 10.

176 Compare Xen. Hell. VII. 2. 2. with VI. 5. 27.

177 Polyb. VII. 10. 1. cf. IV. 32. 1, and Manso’s Excursus on the
restoration of Messenia, vol. III. part 2. p. 80.

178 Plut. Agis. 8. The word Μαλέαν is perhaps corrupt.

179 Xen. Hell. IV. 5. 11.

180 Thuc. IV. 8. οἱ ἐγγύτατα τῶν περιοίκων.

181 See above ch. 2. § 1.

182 ἐπ᾽ ἀγρῷ, ἐν τοῖς χωρίοις. Compare above, p. 34. note s.
[Transcriber’s Note: This is the footnote to “a few days,” starting
“In the time of Xenophon.”]

183 Steph. Byz. Μεσόα τόπος Λακωνικῆς. Φυλὴ Λακωνική. Hesychius,
Κυνόσουρα φυλὴ Λακωνική. Herodian περί μον λέξεως p. 13. 23.
Dindorf. τὸ Κυνόσουρα ἐπὶ τῇ Λακωνικῇ φυλῇ. Cf. Schol. Callim. Dian.
94. Hesych. ἡ Πιτάνη φυλὴ.

184 III. 16. 6.

185 Boeckh, Corp. Inscript. No. 1338.

186 Boeckh, ibid. No. 1347, where it is written ΑΠΟ ΦΥΛΗΣ ΚΥΝΟΣΟΥΡΕΩΝ.
Concerning which see Boeckh, p. 609. In Inscript. 1241. a διαβετης
Λιμναιων (perhaps διοικητὴς Λιμνατῶν) occurs. See Boeckh, ib. p.
611.

187 Thrasybulus also (Epigr. Plut. Apophth, Lac. p. 242. Anthol. Palat.
VII. 229.) was evidently a Spartan, brought back to Pitana, and so
also is Archias, the Pitanatan, in Herod. III. 55. See Strabo, V. p.
250.

188 Suid. Fragm. 2. Welcker.

189 IX. 35. At the same time, Heraclides Ponticus says of Alcman merely,
ἠλευθερώθη.

190 Pindar. Olymp. VI. 28. Eurip. Troad. 1116. Μενέλαος Πιτανάτης in
Hesychius.

191 Hesych. in Πιτανάτης.

192 Herod. IX. 53. Thuc. I. 20. does not admit its existence. But
Caracalla, in imitation of antiquity, composed a λόχος Πιτανάτης of
Spartans, Herodian. IV. 8. The Tarentines (who retained the memory
of the mother-city more in their names of places than in their
customs) had a division of their army which was called Pitanates;
the περίπολοι Πιτανᾶται are mentioned upon a coin of Tarentum:
Millingen’s Ancient Coins, pl. 1. n. 19.

193 III. 55.

194 Polyæn. II. 1. 14. cf. Plut. Ages. 32.

195 Pausan. III. 14. 2.—Œnus was situated in the vicinity according to
Athen. I. p. 31 C. and this also was near the city, Plut. Lyc. 6.
See the map of Peloponnesus.

196 Also according to Plut. de Exil. 6.

197 VIII. p. 363 A. Doubtless the marshy grounds upon the Eurotas, which
in this part frequently overflowed its banks. Compare book I. ch. 4.
§ 6.

198 P. 364 A. comp. Tzschucke, p. 184.

199 VII. 20. 4.

200 I. 10. Pitana is called a κώμη in Schol. Thucyd. I. 20. and Limnæ is
called the Λιμναῖον χωρίον in Pausan. III. 16. 6.

201 II. 6. 3. Concerning the slaves of Crete, see Manso, Sparta, vol. I.
part 2. p. 105. Ste Croix, Sur la Législation de Crète, p. 373. has
confused the whole subject.

202 Similarly the Lacedæmonians, according to Cicero de Rep. III. 9.
(cf. Plut. Lac. Apophth. p. 179, 201.) said proverbially, _suos
omnes agros, quos spiculo possent attingere_.

203 Athen. VI. p. 263 E. Hesychius, Eustath. ad Il. XV. p. 1024 Rom.
Ruhnken ad Tim. p. 283. Concerning ἀφαμία or ἀφημία, see Schneider’s
Lexicon in ἀφαμιῶται. Hoeck’s Kreta, vol. III. p. 36.