Chapter II: Preface: To Vol. VII

Following is a synopsis of the documents contained in the present volume:

XXIII. The first installment (chaps. i.-ix.) of Le Jeune's _Relation_ of 1634, written to the provincial at Paris, was given in Vol. VI. of our series. In the concluding portion herewith presented, the superior of the Quebec mission continues his account of the Montagnais. He describes their clothing and ornaments; then their language, which, though deficient in expressions for abstract ideas, he praises for its fullness and richness in vocabulary and grammatical forms. He offers to the provincial numerous reasons why he made so little progress in learning the tongue while he wintered among them--his own defective memory; the malice of a medicine man, whom he had opposed; the perfidy of the interpreter Pierre, who refused to teach him; his sufferings from hunger and illness; and the inherent difficulties of the language itself. All these points are elaborated, with many details, the result being a vivid picture of savage life, and of the hardships, danger, and suffering endured by this heroic missionary while wandering with the savages through the forests and mountains along the southern shore of the River St. Lawrence. At last, after almost six months of this wretched life, and many hair-breadth escapes from death, Le Jeune, ill and exhausted, reaches his humble home, the mission house on the St. Charles. In the closing chapter he recounts, in the form of a journal, the events of the summer of 1634 at Quebec; the arrival of the French fleet, with Father Buteux and the colonists of Sieur Robert Giffard; the departure of Brébeuf, Daniel, and Davost for the Huron mission, and their hardships on the voyage; the foundation of new settlements above Quebec,--at St. Croix island (not to be confounded with the site of De Monts's colony), and Three Rivers. He announces his intention to go, with Buteux, to Three Rivers; and closes with an appeal for more missionaries, who shall be competent to learn the Indian dialects.

XXIV. In this letter to Cardinal Richelieu (dated August 1, 1635), Le Jeune congratulates him on his efforts to root out the Huguenot heresy; thanks him for his kindness, and for evidences of affection for the Jesuit mission in Canada; and urges the great man to aid the Company of New France in their colonizing enterprise, for on their success depends that of the mission. The cardinal is reminded how many poor French families might be provided with homes if sent to the New World, where land is abundant; he is also informed that some savages have been converted to the faith.

XXV. This document is known as Le Jeune's _Relation_ of 1635. Heretofore the superior of Quebec has been the sole author of the annual report of the Jesuit mission in New France. But with the arrival of new missionaries the work was greatly broadened, and hereafter we shall find the _Relation_ a composite, arranged by the superior from the several individual reports forwarded to him by his assistants in the field, often with the addition of a general review from his own pen. Of such a character is the present _Relation_, which, like its successors, is for convenience designated by the name of the superior who forwarded it to the provincial at Paris, for publication.

The 112 introductory pages are by Le Jeune, dated Kebec, August 28, 1635; of these, we have space in this volume for but 51 pages (chaps, i., ii.). Commencing with p. 113 (original pagination), we shall find a report from Brébeuf, dated Ihonatiria (in the Huron country), May 27, 1635. Then will appear, commencing on p. 207, an undated report from Perrault, for 1634-35, describing the island of Cape Breton and the characteristics of its people; and, commencing on p. 220, a number of brief, unaccredited extracts from letters by various members of the missionary staff.

In his opening letter, addressed to the provincial, Le Jeune anticipates most hopefully the growth and prosperity of Canada in the hands of the French, but is especially rejoiced at the great interest which the mission has aroused in France. There, many pious laymen are aiding the enterprise with their efforts and money; many priests desire to join the Canadian mission; and many nuns are eagerly awaiting some opportunity to labor among the Indian women and children for their conversion to the Christian faith. Le Jeune advises these sisters not to come to Canada until they are suitably provided with a house and means of support: and he appeals to the ladies of France to furnish this aid for the nuns. He then describes the condition and extent of the mission, which now has six residences at various points, all the way from Cape Breton to Lake Huron. At the oldest of these, Notre Dame des Anges, near Quebec, center their plans for educational work. He wishes here to establish a college for French children, and is beginning a seminary for the instruction of Indian youth. He describes the importance of the Huron mission, and states that he has received promises of funds for its extension. He recounts the work of himself and his brethren in the French settlements, especially mentioning the comfort they gave to the sick and dying during an epidemic of scurvy at the new settlement at Three Rivers. He then gives detailed accounts of the religious experiences and deaths of various Indian converts; and relates the tragic death of the two Montagnais with whom he had spent the preceding winter,--Carigonan, "the sorcerer," and his brother Mestigoit, in whose cabin they all lived.

R. G. T.
MADISON, WIS., April, 1897.

XXIII (concluded)

LE JEUNE'S RELATION, 1634

PARIS: SEBASTIEN CRAMOISY, 1635

Chaps. x.-xiii., and Index, completing the document; Chaps. i.-ix. appeared in Volume VI.

[164] CHAPITRE X.

DE LEURS HABITS & DE LEURS ORNEMENTS.

C'ESTOIT la pensée d'Aristote, que le mõde auoit fait cõme trois pas, pour [165] arriuer à la perfection qu'il possedoit de son temps. Au premier les hommes se contentoient de la vie, ne recherchants purement & simplement que les choses necessaires & vtiles pour sa conseruation. Au second ils ont conjoint le delectable auec le necessaire, & la bienseance auec la necessité. On a trouué premierement les viures, puis les assaisonnements, on s'est couuert au cõmencement contre la rigueur du temps, & par apres on a donné de la grace & de la gentillesse aux habits, on a fait des maisons aux premiers siecles simplement pour s'en seruir, & par apres on les a fait encore pour estre veuës. Au troisiéme pas les hommes d'esprit voyans que le monde iouyssoit des choses necessaires & douces pour la vie, ils se sont a donnez à la contemplation des choses naturelles, & à la recherche des sciences, si bien que la grande Republique des hommes s'est petit à petit perfectionnée, la necessité marchant deuant, la bien-seance & la douceur venant apres, & les sciences tenant la dernier rang.

[164] CHAPTER X.

ON THEIR CLOTHES AND ORNAMENTS.

IT was the opinion of Aristotle that the world had made three
steps, as it were, to [165] arrive at the perfection which it
possessed in his time. At first men were contented with life,
seeking purely and simply only those things which were necessary
and useful for its preservation. In the second stage, they united
the agreeable with the necessary, and politeness with necessity.
First they found food, and then the seasoning. In the beginning,
they covered themselves against the severity of the weather, and
afterward grace and beauty were added to their garments. In the
early ages, houses were made simply to be used, and afterward they
were made to be seen. In the third stage, men of intellect, seeing
that the world was enjoying things that were necessary and pleasant
in life, gave themselves up to the contemplation of natural objects
and to scientific researches; whereby the great Republic of men has
little by little perfected itself, necessity marching on ahead,
politeness and gentleness following after, and knowledge bringing
up the rear.

Or ie veux dire que nos Sauuages Montagnais & errans, ne sont encore [166] qu'au premier degré des trois que ie viẽs de toucher, ils ne pensent qu'à viure, ils mãgent pour ne point mourir, ils se couurent pour banir le froid, non pour paroistre, la grace, la bienseance, la connoissance des arts, les sciences naturelles, & beaucoup moins les veritez surnaturelles, n'ont point encore de logis en cét hemisphere, du moins en ces contrées. Ce peuple ne croit pas qu'il y ait autre science au monde, que de viure & de mãger, voila toute leur Philosophie. Ils s'estõnent de ce que nous faisons cas de nos liures, puisque leur connoissance ne nous donne point dequoy bannir la faim, ils ne peuuent comprendre ce que nous demandons à Dieu en nos prieres. Demande luy, me disoient-ils, des Originaux, des Ours & des Castors, dis luy que tu en veux manger; & quand ie leur disois que ce la estoit peu de chose, qu'il y auoit biẽ d'autres richesses à demãder, ils se rioyent, que pourrois tu, me repondoient-ils souhaitter de meilleur, que de manger tõ saoul de ces bonnes viandes? Bref ils n'ont que la vie, encore ne l'ont-ils pas toute entiere, puisque la famine les tuë assez souuent.

Now I wish to say that our wandering Montagnais Savages are yet
only [166] in the first of these three stages which I have just
touched upon. Their only thought is to live, they eat so as not to
die; they cover themselves to keep off the cold, and not for the
sake of appearance. Grace, politeness, the knowledge of the arts,
natural sciences, and much less supernatural truths, have as yet
no place in this hemisphere, or at least in these countries. These
people do not think there is any other science in the world, except
that of eating and drinking; and in this lies all their Philosophy.
They are astonished at the value we place upon books, seeing that
a knowledge of them does not give us anything with which to drive
away hunger. They cannot understand what we ask from God in our
prayers. "Ask him," they say to me, "for Moose, Bears, and Beavers;
tell him that thou wishest them to eat;" and when I tell them that
those are only trifling things, that there are still greater riches
to demand, they laughingly reply, "What couldst thou wish better
than to eat thy fill of these good dishes?" In short, they have
nothing but life; yet they are not always sure of that, since they
often die of hunger.

[167] Iugez maintenant qu'elle peut-estre la gentillesse de leurs habits, la noblesse & la richesse de leurs ornements, vous prẽdriez plaisir de les voir en cõpagnie: pendant l'Hiuer toutes sortes d'habits leurs sont propres, & tout est commun tant aux femmes comme aux hommes: il n'y a point de difformité en leurs vestemens, tout est bon, pourueu qu'il soit biẽ chaud. Ils sont couuerts propremẽt, quand ils le sont commodement; dõnez leur vn chaperon, vne homme le portera aussi bien qu'vne femme, il n'y a habit de fol dont ils ne se seruent sagement, s'ils s'en peuuent seruir chaudement: ils ne sont point comme ces Seigneurs qui s'attachent à vne couleur. Depuis qu'ils prattiquent nos Europeans, ils sont plus bigarrez que des Suisses. I'ay veu vne petite fille de six ans vestuë de la casaque de son pere, qui estoit vn grand homme, il ne falut point de Tailleur pour luy mettre cét habit dans sa iustesse, on le ramasse à l'entour du corps, & on le lie comme vn fagot. L'vn a vn bonnet rouge, l'autre vn bõnet verd, l'autre vn gris, tous faits, nõ à la mode de la Cour, mais à la mode de la commodité. L'autre aura [168] vn chapeau que si les bords l'empeschent, ils les couppent.

[167] Judge now how elegant must be their garments, how noble and
rich their ornaments. You would enjoy seeing them in company.
During the Winter all kinds of garments are appropriate to them,
and all are common to both women and men, there being no difference
at all in their clothes; anything is good, provided it is warm.
They are dressed properly when they are dressed comfortably. Give
them a hood, and a man will wear it as well as a woman; for there
is no article of dress, however foolish, which they will not wear
in all seriousness if it helps to keep them warm, in this respect
being unlike those Lords who affect a certain color. Since they
have had intercourse with our Europeans, they are more motley than
the Swiss. I have seen a little six-year-old girl dressed in the
greatcoat of her father, who was a large man; yet no Tailor was
needed to adjust it to her size, for it was gathered around her
body and tied like a bunch of fagots. One has a red hood, another
a green one, and another a gray,--all made, not in the fashion of
the Court, but in the way best suited to their convenience. Another
will wear [168] a hat with the brim cut off, if it happens to be
too broad.

Les femmes ont pour robbe vne camisolle ou vn capot, ou vne casaque, ou vne castelogne, ou quelque peau dont ils s'enueloppent, se lians en autãt d'endroits qu'il est necessaire, pour fermer les aduenuës au vent? L'vn porte vn bas de cuir, l'autre de drap, pour le present ils couppent leurs vieilles couuertures ou castellongnes, pour faire des mãches & des bas de chausses. Ie vous laisse à penser si cela est bien vuidé & bien tiré; en vn mot ie reïtere ce que i'ay desia dit, leur proprieté est leur commodité, & comme ils ne se couurent que contre l'injure du tẽps, si tost que l'air est chaud, ou qu'ils entrènt dans leurs Cabanes, ils iettent leurs atours à bas, les hõmes restãs tous nuds, à la reserue d'vn brayer qui leur cache ce qui ne peut estre veu sans vergongne. Pour les femmes elles quittent leur bonnet, leurs manches & bas de chausses, le reste du corps demeurant couuert. Voila l'equipage des Sauuages, pour le present qu'ils communiquent auec nos François.

The women have for dress a long shirt, or a hooded cloak, or a
greatcoat, or a blanket, or some skins tied in as many places as
may be necessary to keep out the wind. A man will wear one stocking
of leather, and another of cloth; just now they are cutting up
their old coverings or blankets, with which to make sleeves or
stockings; and I leave you to imagine how neatly and smoothly
they fit. In a word, I repeat what I have already said,--to them
propriety is convenience; and, as they only clothe themselves
according to the exigencies of the weather, as soon as the air
becomes warm or when they enter their Cabins, they throw off their
garments and the men remain entirely naked, except a strip of cloth
which conceals what cannot be seen without shame. As to the women,
they take off their bonnets, sleeves and stockings, the rest of
the body remaining covered. In this you have the clothing of the
Savages, now during their intercourse and association with our
French.

Ce peuple va tousi[o]urs teste nuë, hormis [169] dans les plus grands froids, encore y en a-il plusieurs qui ne se couurient iamais, ce qui me fait conjecturer que fort peu se seruoient de bõnets, auant qu'ils communiquassent auec nos Europeãs, aussi n'en sçauroient ils faire, ains ils les traittent tous faits, ou du moins les font tailler à nos François. Voila pour leur coiffure, qui n'est autre que leurs cheueux, tant aux hommes qu'aux femmes, & mesme aux enfans; car ils sont testes nuës dans leur maillot.

These people always go bareheaded, except [169] in the most severe
cold, and even then some of them go uncovered, which makes me think
that very few of them used hats before their intercourse with our
Europeans; nor do they know how to make them, buying them already
made, or at least cut, from our French people. So for their head
gear they have nothing but their hair, both men and women and even
the children, for they are bareheaded in their swaddling clothes.

Leurs robbes sont faictes de peaux d'Elans, d'Ours, & d'autres animaux. Les plus riches en leur estime sont faites des peaux d'vne espece de petit animal noir, qui se trouue aux Hurons, il est de la grandeur d'vn Lapin, le poil est doux & luisant, il entre bien vne soixantaine de ces peaux dans vne robbe, ils attachẽt les queuës de ces animaux aux bas, pour seruir de franges, & les testes au haut pour seruir d'vne espece de rebord. La figure de leur robbe est quasi quarrée, les femmes les peignent, tirant des raïes du haut en bas, ces raïes sont également distantes & larges, enuiron de deux pouces vous diriez du passement.

Their clothes are made of the skin of Elk, Bears, and other
animals. The ones that they value the most are made of the skins
of a kind of little black animal found in the Huron country; it
is about the size of a Rabbit, the skin is soft and shiny, and it
takes about sixty of them to make a robe. The tails of the animals
are fastened to the bottom, to serve as fringe; and the heads
above, to make a sort of border. These robes are nearly square in
shape; the women paint colored stripes on them from top to bottom,
which are about as wide as two thumbs, and are equally distant from
each other, giving the effect of a kind of lace-work.

[170] Les hommes portent leurs robbes en deux façons: quand il fait vn peu chaud ils ne s'en enueloppent point, mais ils la portent sur vn bras, & sous l'autre, ou bien estendu sur leur dos, retenue par deux petites cordes de peaux, qu'ils lient dessus leur poictrine; ce qui n'empesche pas qu'ils ne paroissent quasi tous nuds. Quand il fait froid, ils la passent tous, hommes & femmes, sous vn bras & dessus l'epaule de l'autre, puis la croisent & s'en enueloppent assez commodémẽt contre le froid, mais maussadement; car s'estans liez sous la poictrine, ils la retroussent, puis ils se lient & se garrottẽt vers la ceinture, ou vers le milieu du corps, ce retroussement leur faisant vn gros ventre ou vne grosse pance, dans laquelle ils mettent leurs petites besongnes. I'ay veu representer vn Caresme prenant sur vn theatre en France, on luy bastit vn ventre iustement comme en portent nos Sauuages & Sauuagesses pendant l'Hiuer.

[170] The men wear their robes in two ways. When it is a little
warm they do not put these around them, but carry them over one arm
and under the other; or else stretched across the back, and held in
place by two little leather strings which they tie over the chest.
This does not prevent them from appearing almost naked. When it
is cold they all, men and women, wear the robe under one arm and
over the shoulder of the other, then crossed; and thus they wrap
themselves up comfortably, though awkwardly, against the cold; for
when this garment is tied below the chest, they turn it up, fasten
and tie it down near the belt or middle of the body, these folds
forming a big belly or large flap in which they carry their little
belongings. I once saw a Merry-andrew in a theatre in France, whose
belly was built out exactly like those affected by our Savage Men
and Women in Winter.

Or comme ces robbes ne couurent point leurs bras, il se font des manches de mesme[s] peaux, & tirent dessus ces rayes dõt i'ay parlé, quelquefois de lõg, [171] quelquefois en rond: ces manches sont fort larges par haut, couurant les épaules, & se venans quasi ioindre derriere le dos, deux petites cordes les tiennent liées deuant & derriere, mais auec si peu de grace, qu'il n'y a fagot d'espine qui ne soit mieux trouffé qu'vne femme emmitouflée dedans ces peaux. Remarquez qu'il n'y a point de distinction, de l'habit d'vn homme à celuy d'vne femme, sinon que la femme est tousiours couuerte de sa robbe, & les hommes la quittent ou la portent à la legere, quand il fait chaud comme i'ay dit.

Now as these robes do not cover their arms, they make themselves
sleeves of the same skin, and draw upon them the stripes of which
I have spoken, sometimes lengthwise, [171] sometimes around. These
sleeves are quite broad at the top, covering the shoulders and
almost uniting at the back,--two little strings fastening them in
front and behind, but so clumsily that a bundle of thorn-sticks are
better put together than the women are muffled up in these skins.
Observe that there is no difference between the garments of a man
and those of a woman, except that the woman is always covered with
her robe, while the men discard theirs or wear them carelessly, in
warm weather, as I have said.

Leurs bas de chausses sont de poil [peau] d'Orignac passée sans poil, c'est la nature & non l'art, qui en a trouué la façon, ils sont tout d'vne venuë, suffit que le pied & la jambe y passent, pour estre biẽ faits, ils n'ont point l'inuention d'y mettre des coins, ils sont faits comme des bas à botter, retenus sous le pied, auec vne petite cordelette. La cousture qui n'est quasi qu'vn faux fil, ne se treuue pas derriere les jambes, mais entre-deux; les cousans, ils laissent passer vn rebord de la peau mesme, qu'ils découpent en frange, apres laquelle ils attachent par [172] fois quelques matachias; ces bas sont assez longs, notamment pardeuant; car ils laissent vne piece qui passe bien haut, & qui couure vne grande partie de la cuisse, au plus haut de cette piece sont attachées de petites cordes, qu'ils lient à vne ceinture de peau, qu'ils portẽt tous dessus leurs chairs.

Their stockings are made of Moose skin, from which the hair has
been removed, nature and not art setting the fashion for them; they
are considered well made if the feet and legs go into them, no
ingenuity being used in making corners; they are made like boots,
and are fastened under the foot with a little string. The seam,
which is scarcely more than basted, is not at the back of the leg,
but on the inside. When they sew them, they leave an edge of the
skin itself, which they cut into fringe, occasionally fastening
to this [172] a few matachias.[1] These stockings are quite long,
especially in front, for they leave a piece which reaches quite
high, and covers a great part of the thigh; to the upper edge of
this piece are fastened small cords, tied to a leather belt which
they all wear next to their skin.

Leurs souliers ne sont pas durs comme les nostres, aussi n'ont-ils pas l'industrie de taner le cuir: nos gands de cerf, sont d'vne peau plus ferme ou du moins aussi ferme que leurs peaux d'Orignac, dont ils font leurs souliers, encore faut il qu'ils attendent que ces peaux ayent seruy de robbes, & qu'elles soient toutes grasses, autrement leurs souliers se retireroient à la moindre approche du feu, ce qu'ils ne laissent pas de faire tous gras qu'ils soient quãd on les chauffe vu peu de trop prés. Au reste, ils boiuent l'eau comme vne éponge, si biẽ que les Sauuages ne s'en feruẽt pas contre cét Element, mais bien cõtre la neige & contre le froid. Ce sont les femmes qui sont cousturieres & cordonnieres, il ne leur coute rien pour apprendre ce mestier, encore moins pour auoir des [173] lettres de maistrise; vn enfant qui sçauroit vn peu coudre en seroit à la premiere veuë, tant il y a d'inuention.

Their shoes are not hard like ours, for they do not know enough
to tan the leather. Our deerskin gloves are made of skin which is
firmer, or at least as firm, as their Moose skins of which they
make their shoes. Also they have to wait until these hides have
been used as robes, and until they are well oiled, otherwise their
shoes would shrink at the first approach to the fire, which they do
anyhow, well oiled as they are, if they are brought too near the
heat. Besides, they absorb water like a sponge, so that the Savages
cannot use them in this Element, but they are very serviceable
against snow and cold. It is the women who are the seamstresses and
shoemakers; it costs them nothing to learn this trade, and much
less to procure [173] diplomas as master workmen; a child that
could sew a little could make the shoes at the first attempt, so
ingeniously are they contrived.

Ils les font fort amples & fort capables, notamment l'Hiuer, pour les garnir contre le froid, ils se seruent ordinairement d'vne peau de Lieure, ou d'vne piece de quelque couuerture, pliée en deux & trois doubles. Ils mettent auec cela du poil d'Orignac, & puis ayans enueloppé leurs pieds de ces haillons, ils chauffent leurs souliers, & par fois deux paires l'vne dessus l'autre, ils les lient & les arrestent sur le coudepié, auec vne petite corde, qui regne tout à l'entour des coins du Soulier. Pendant les neiges nous nous seruons tous, François & Sauuages de cette forte de chaussure, afin de pouuoir marcher sur des Raquettes; l'Hiuer passé nous reprenons nos souliers François, & eux vont pieds nuds.

They make them large and capacious, especially in the Winter. In
order to furnish them against the cold, they generally use a Rabbit
skin, or a piece of an old blanket folded two or three times; with
this they put some Moose hair; and then, having wrapped their feet
in these rags, they put on their shoes, occasionally wearing two
pairs, the one over the other. They tie them over the instep with a
little string which is wound about the corners of the Shoe. During
the snows we all, French and Savages, have made use of this kind
of foot gear, in order to walk upon our Snowshoes; when the Winter
had passed, we resumed our French shoes, and the Savages went
barefooted.

Voila non pas tout ce qui se peut dire de leurs habits & de leurs ornements, mais ce que i'en ay veu, & qui me vient pour l'heure en la pensée; i'oubliois à dire, que ceux qui peuuent auoir ou troquer des chemises de nos François, s'en feruent à la nouuelle façon: car au lieu [174] de les mettre comme nous par dessous, ils les mettent par dessus tous leurs habits, & comme iamais ils ne les essuyent, elles sont en moins de rien grasses comme des torchons de cuisine, c'est ce qu'ils demandent, car l'eau, disent-ils, coule là dessus, & ne penetre pas iusqu'à leurs robbes.

This is not all that can be said about their clothes and ornaments,
but it is all that I have seen and that I recall to mind just now;
I forgot to say that those who can have or buy our French shirts
wear them in the new fashion; for, instead [174] of wearing them
under, as we do, they put them on over all their clothes,--and, as
they never wash them, they are in no time as greasy as dish-cloths;
but this is just as they wish them to be, for the water, they say,
runs over them and does not penetrate into their clothes.

CHAPITRE XI.

DE LA LANGUE DES SAUUAGES MONTAGNAIS.

I'ESCRIUY l'an passé, que leur langue estoit tres-riche & tres-pauure; toute pleine d'abondance & de disette; la pauureté paroist en mille articles. Tous les mots de pieté, de deuotion, de vertu; tous les termes dont on se sert pour expliquer les biens de l'autre [vie]; le langage des Theologiens, des Philosophes, des Mathematiciens, des Medecins, en vn mot de tous les hommes doctes; toutes les paroles qui concernent la police & le gouuernement d'vne ville, d'vne Prouince, d'vn Empire; tout ce qui touche la iustice, la recompense & le chastimẽt, les noms d'vne infinité d'arts, qui sont en nostre Europe, d'vne infinité de fleurs [175] d'arbres & de fruits, d'vne infinité d'animaux de mille & mille inuentions, de mille beautez & de mille richesses; tout cela ne se trouue point ny dãs la pensée, ny dans la bouche des Sauuages, n'ayans ny vraye religion ny connoissance des vertus, ny police, ny gouuernement, ny Royaume, ny Republique, ny sciences, ny rien de tout ce que ie viens de dire, & par consequent, toutes les paroles, tous les termes, tous les mots & tous les noms qui touche ce monde de biens & de grandeurs, doiuent estre defalquez de leur dictionaire; voila vne grande disette. Tournons maintenant la medaille, & faisons voir que cette langue regorge de richesses.